Ukuthunyelwa kwe-DAP kusuka eShayina kuya e-UK: Inqubo Yokusula kanye Nezimali
Isingeniso
Uma uthumela izimpahla ezivela eShayina ziya e-United Kingdom ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-DAP, cishe uke wezwa umusho ofanayo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zesivumelwano: “Uthe zilethwe, pho le invoyisi ingani?” Ukudideka kuyaqondakala. I-DAP, emfushane kaDelivered at Place, izwakala njengesithembiso sokuya endlini ngendlu, kodwa ngamabomu ishiya umsebenzi owodwa omkhulu kumthengi. Lowo msebenzi uwukuvunyelwa kokungenisa impahla e-UK, kanye nentela kanye ne-VAT okuhambisana nayo. Lapho umthengi engalindele lelo bhili, impahla ihlala echwebeni, indawo yokugcina impahla kanye nokunciphisa izindleko kuqala ukusebenza, futhi ubudlelwano obuhle bezentengiselwano buba nzima ngenxa yenkinga eyayibikezelwa ngokuphelele.
Lesi sihloko siphinde sihambe ngokushesha. Uhulumeni wase-UK uqinisekisile ku-Autumn Budget ka-2025 ukuthi ukukhululwa kwentela yentela ekungenisweni kwempahla enenani eliphansi elibiza u-£135 noma ngaphansi kuzosuswa, kanye nosuku lokumiswa olude lukaMashi 2029. Ukubika kamuva ngemuva kwesimemezelo sikahulumeni sikaJulayi 2026 kukhomba ukunqanyulwa kwangaphambili kuka-Okthoba 2028. Phakathi naleso sikhathi i-European Union yethule intela yesikhashana engu-€3 kumaphasela anenani eliphansi kusukela mhla lu-1 kuJulayi 2026, kanti i-United States yaqeda ukukhululwa kwayo kwe-de minimis ngo-2025. Abathengisi abakha imingcele yabo ngokungena ngaphandle kwentela ezimakethe zaseNtshonalanga manje kufanele babonise ikusasa elihlukile kakhulu.
Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza indlela i-DAP esebenza ngayo emizileni esuka eShayina iye e-UK, indlela ukusulwa kwempahla yamasiko e-UK okusebenza ngayo kusukela ngesikhathi umkhumbi uqokwa kuze kube yilapho iloli lithululwa, yiziphi izimali ezivela endleleni, nokuthi ubani ovame ukukhokha ngayinye. Ibhalelwe abathumeli ngaphandle, abathengisi bemingcele kanye nabangenisi base-UK abafuna imininingwane ewusizo kunokuba kube yimfundiso. Zonke izibalo zemali ziyizinkomba zokuhlela, futhi kufanele uziqinisekise njalo ngokumelene nesilinganiso esibhaliwe esibukhoma ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele ekuthunyelweni.
Okushiwo yi-DAP ngokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla e-China kuya e-UK
Incazelo ye-Incoterms 2020 ngolimi olulula
Ngaphansi kwe-DAP, umthengisi uhlela futhi akhokhele inqola eya endaweni eqanjwe igama lakhe e-UK. Leyo ndawo ingaba yindawo yokugcina impahla yomthengi eBirmingham, isikhungo sokugcwalisa impahla eDaventry noma iyunithi yokusabalalisa impahla eManchester. Izimpahla zibalwa njengezilethwe lapho zibekwe endaweni yomthengi endleleni yokuthutha efikayo, zilungele ukuthululwa. Ingozi idluliselwa kumthengi ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphambi kwalokho, umthengisi uphatha imvume yokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe eShayina, izindleko zokuqala impahla, umthwalo oyinhloko kanye nengozi yokulahleka noma umonakalo ohambweni.
Imininingwane emibili ifanelwe ukunakwa okukhulu kunalokho evame ukukuthola. Okokuqala ukuthi indawo eqanjwe igama kumele ibe nembaba. Inkontileka ethi “DAP London” ikhuthaza impikiswano yokuthi umthengisi kumele alethe yini esiteshini saseTilbury noma esitolo sokugcina impahla e-Enfield, kuyilapho i-“DAP Unit 4, Trafford Park, eManchester” ingashiyi sikhala sokungabaza. Okwesibili ukuthi i-DAP ayifaki ukulayisha impahla lapho uya khona. Uma iloli lifika futhi kungekho muntu endaweni onendawo yokubeka i-forklift noma indawo yokulayisha impahla, impikiswano ayisekho mayelana ne-invoyisi, imayelana nesikhathi sokulinda nokuthi ubani okhokhelayo.
I-DAP uma iqhathaniswa ne-EXW kanye ne-DDP
Indlela ehlanzekile yokuqonda i-DAP ukuyibeka phakathi kwamagama amabili avame ukudidaniswa nawo abathengisi. I-EXW isunduza cishe konke kumthengi, okuhlanganisa nokuvunyelwa kokuthumela impahla eShayina. I-DDP idonsela cishe konke kumthengisi, okuhlanganisa intela yase-UK kanye ne-VAT. I-DAP iphakathi nendawo: umthengisi uhambisa izimpahla kuze kube sekhelini lase-UK, kodwa umthengi ungumnikazi wesimemezelo sokungenisa kanye nezintela.
Ithebula 1: Ukuhlukaniswa kwemithwalo ngaphansi kwe-EXW, i-DAP kanye ne-DDP yokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kusuka eShayina kuya e-UK
| Umsebenzi | I-EXW | DAP | I-DDP |
| Imvume yokuthekelisa eChina | Umthengi | Umthengisi | Umthengisi |
| Inqola enkulu eya e-UK | Umthengi | Umthengisi | Umthengisi |
| Ukulethwa endaweni eqanjwe ngegama lase-UK | Umthengi | Umthengisi | Umthengisi |
| Isimemezelo samasiko okungenisa e-UK | Umthengi | Umthengi | Umthengisi |
| I-Customs duty yase-UK | Umthengi | Umthengi | Umthengisi |
| I-VAT yokungenisa yase-UK | Umthengi | Umthengi | Umthengisi |
| Ilayisha endaweni oya kuyo | Umthengi | Umthengi | Umthengi |
Izimboni zaseShayina zivame ukukhetha i-DAP ngoba iyabavikela ekubhaliseni i-VAT yase-UK noma ekuqokeni ummeleli wentela, womabili okudingeka ukuthi asebenzise ukuthunyelwa kwe-DDP yangempela. Abathumeli base-UK abasunguliwe bayayithanda ngesizathu esihlukile. Ibhizinisi elibhaliswe nge-VAT lingasebenzisa ukubalwa kwe-VAT okuhlehlisiwe, likhethe umthengisi walo wentela futhi lilawule ngokuqinile ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuhlolwa, okunzima ukukwenza lapho umthengisi ephatha konke okuvela kwelinye izwekazi.
Isexwayiso kubathengi bokuqala base-UK
Iphuzu elibuthakathaka le-DAP ngumthengi ongakaze angenise ngaphambili. Ukuze enze isimemezelo sokungenisa kwezentengiselwano e-UK, umngenisi udinga inombolo ye-GB EORI, emahhala kodwa okumele ifakwe isicelo nge-HMRC, futhi idinga nomthengisi noma ikhono langaphakathi ukuze afake isicelo. Ibhizinisi elincane elithola lesi sidingo lapho umkhumbi ususondela eFelixstowe linesikhathi esincane kakhulu sokusixazulula.
Inkinga ibukhali nakakhulu ekuhwebeni kwebhizinisi nomthengi. Uma umthengisi ethumela ngaphansi kwe-DAP futhi ikhasimende lokugcina licelwa ukuthi likhokhe i-VAT noma intela emnyango, izikhalazo, ukwenqatshwa kokulethwa kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali kuvame ukulandela. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza abathengisi abaningi be-e-commerce abasebenzisa ukuthutha impahla ngendlela ye-DAP basebenzise ukunyakaza kokuthutha impahla ngendlela ye-DAP njengomlenze oyinhloko bese bekhokha intela kusengaphambili ngomhlinzeki wesevisi, ukuze ulwazi lomthengi luzwakale njengo-DDP.
Okushintshile Emithethweni Yokungenisa E-UK Muva Nje
Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, abathengisi bamaphasela base-UK basebenze ngomthetho olula: imithwalo enenani elingu-£135 noma ngaphansi ingangena ngaphandle kwentela yentela, yize i-VAT kwakufanele iqoqwe lapho kuthengiswa khona kusukela ngoJanuwari 2021. Lowo mthetho manje usesikhathini esibolekiwe. Isabelomali sasekwindla sika-2025 siqinisekisile ukuthi ukukhululwa kwentela kuzosuswa kungakadluli uMashi 2029, kanti ukubonisana okuhambisana nalokhu kuphakamise ukuthi abathengisi, kanye nezimakethe eziku-inthanethi ezenza ukuthengisa kwabo kube lula, kufanele babe nesibopho sokukhokha intela. Kubathengisi baphesheya kwezilwandle abangenayo indawo yase-UK, ukubonisana kwaphinde kwaveza ukusetshenziswa kommeleli wezezimali wase-UK.
Ubukhulu benkinga buchaza ukuphuthuma. I-HMRC ilinganisele ukuthi cishe imithwalo engaba yizigidi ezingu-600 enenani eliphansi yangena e-UK ngo-2024. Imibono exoxwayo ifaka phakathi intela yentela elula yezimpahla ezinenani eliphansi, izidingo zedatha ezicebile zomthwalo ngamunye kanye nemali yokuphatha engaba khona yokuxhasa ukuhlolwa kwemingcele. Izinhlangano zezimboni ezifana ne-ICAEW ziphikisana ngokuthi uMashi 2029 sekwephuze kakhulu, kanti ukubika kwakamuva mayelana nesikhathi sokugcina sika-Okthoba 2028 kusikisela ukuthi uhulumeni ubelalele. Ngenxa yokuthi umbhalo oqondile womthetho usaqedwa, kufanele uqinisekise usuku lwamanje ku-GOV.UK ngaphambi kokuthi ulwakhele imodeli yamanani.
Imicimbi engaphandle kwe-UK nayo iyabalulekile. I-EU yethule intela eqondile ye-€3 ngohlobo lwento ngayinye ezimpahleni ze-e-commerce ezinenani eliphansi ngomhlaka-1 Julayi 2026 futhi ihlela ukususa umkhawulo wayo we-€150 ngo-2028, kuyilapho i-US imise ukukhululwa kwayo kwe-$800 ngo-Agasti 2025. Ubufakazi bokuqala obuvela eYurophu buyamangaza, njengoba iFinland ibika ukwehla kwamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-75 kokungeniswa kwenani eliphansi ngenyanga yokuqala. Abahlaziyi bemboni bakhathazekile ngokuthi amaphasela asusiwe e-EU angathunyelwa e-UK okwamanje, okuyisizathu esisodwa sokuthi ukunakwa kokuphoqelelwa kokungabi namanani kanye nokungadalulwa kahle kuyanda.
Ithebula 2: Izinsuku ezibalulekile zokungeniswa kwezimpahla okunenani eliphansi ezithinta abathengisi baseShayina kuya e-UK
| Usuku | Development | Incazelo engokoqobo |
| January 2021 | I-VAT yase-UK eqoqwe endaweni yokuthengisa ngemithwalo engu-£135 noma ngaphansi | Abathengisi baphesheya kwezilwandle kumele babhalisele i-VAT yase-UK; intela yentela isakhululiwe |
| August 2025 | I-US imisa ukukhululwa kwayo kwe-$800 de minimis | Abathengisi bashintsha ivolumu baya e-UK nase-EU, okuphakamisa ukucutshungulwa |
| 26 November 2025 | Isabelomali sase-UK sasekwindla siqinisekisa ukususwa kwesaphulelo sentela esingu-£135 | Ukuqala koshintsho lweminyaka eminingi kanye nokubonisana ngenqubomgomo |
| 1 July 2026 | I-EU yethula intela yesikhashana ye-€3 ngohlobo lwento ngayinye kumaphasela anenani eliphansi | Izindleko zephasela elihanjiswayo noma elithunyelwa ezimakethe ze-EU ziyakhuphuka |
| Kuze kube okungenani umhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela 2026 | Ukukhululwa kwentela yase-UK okungu-£135 okwamanje kusasebenza | Iwindi lokuhlela labathengisi ukuze balungiselele idatha namanani |
| Ngo-Okthoba 2028 (kubikwe) kanye noMashi 2029 ngesikhathi sakamuva | I-UK isusa ukukhululwa kwentela yempahla yasekhaya okungu-£135 | Intela yentela isebenza ezimpahleni ezinenani eliphansi |
Kuhle ukugcizelela ukuthi yini engakashintshi. Noma yimuphi umthwalo ongaphezu kuka-£135 usuvele ukhokha intela yentela lapho kufanele khona futhi ungenise i-VAT uma ufika, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso lansuku zonke lemithwalo efakwe emaphaketheni nefakwe emakhonteyini equkethe ukuthunyelwa okuningi kwe-DAP. Ushintsho oluzayo luhlanganisa kakhulu ukuhweba nge-e-commerce kwamaphasela amancane, kodwa indlela yokuhamba, enemininingwane eminingi, ukuzibophezela okwengeziwe kanye nezinqamuleli ezimbalwa ezingakahleleki, izothinta yonke imithwalo ewela umngcele wase-UK.
Inqubo Yokususa I-DAP Isuka eShayina Iya e-UK, Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-DAP kunemicimbi emibili yokususa impahla, eyodwa ekugcineni ngakunye, futhi iphathwa amaqembu ahlukene. Uhlangothi lwaseShayina luwumthwalo womthengisi futhi ngokuvamile luyinto evamile. Uhlangothi lwase-UK lungolomthengi, futhi yilapho ukubambezeleka kudaleka khona. Uchungechunge olungezansi lulandela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okuvamile olwandle , yize ukuthutha ngendiza kanye nokunyakaza okusheshayo kulandela umqondo ofanayo ngezikhathi ezimfushane.
Isinyathelo 1: Ukulungiselela ukuthunyelwa eShayina
Ukususwa kahle kwempahla kuqala ngaphambi kokuba imithwalo ilayishwe. Umthengisi uqedela isimemezelo sokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe eShayina bese ekhipha uhlu lwe-invoyisi yezohwebo kanye nohlu lokupakisha oluhambisana nomugqa ngamunye, ngoba izikhulu zamasiko zase-UK, kanye nezinjini zazo zezingozi, ziqala ngokubheka ukungalingani kwenani, isisindo, ubuningi kanye nencazelo. Incazelo engacacile efana nokuthi “izesekeli” noma “izingxenye ezisele” ingenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ezibangela imibuzo kanye nokugcinwa kwempahla.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthengi nomthengisi kufanele bavumelane ngekhodi yezimpahla zase-UK enezinombolo eziyishumi zomkhiqizo ngamunye, izwe lendabuko kanye nenani elimenyezelwe. Izimpahla zaseShayina azizuzi esivumelwaneni sokuhweba esikhethekile ne-UK, ngakho-ke intela ejwayelekile yezwe lesithathu iyasebenza ngaphandle kokuthi umkhiqizo umbozwe ukumiswa noma isinyathelo sokulungisa ukuhweba. Ukunquma la maqiniso kusenesikhathi kuvumela umthengisi ukuthi ahlole amazinga entela kusengaphambili futhi aveze noma yimuphi umkhiqizo odinga ilayisense, umbiko wokuhlola noma ilebula ekhethekile.
Isinyathelo 2: Ulwazi olusengaphambili lwempahla kanye nokufika komkhumbi
Ngaphambi kokuba umkhumbi ufike e-UK, inkampani ethwala impahla noma i-ejenti yayo ithumela ulwazi lokuphepha nokuphepha kusengaphambili, olwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Entry Summary Declaration, ngokusekelwe kudatha enikezwe yi-transferr. Uma impahla ithuthwa noma ihamba emachwebeni e-EU endleleni, izidingo zolwazi lwangaphambilini ze-EU nazo zingasebenza, ngakho-ke imininingwane yokubhuka kumele ibe nembambo kusukela ngosuku lokuqala. Amaphutha kulesi sigaba angaholela emyalezweni othi "ungalayishi" noma ekubambezelekeni kokudluliselwa kwayo, futhi izindleko zivame ukuthwalwa yinoma ubani onikeze idatha enephutha.
Njengoba usuku lokufika lusondela, umthumeli ukhipha isaziso sangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nesaziso sokufika kumuntu othunyiwe. Umthengi kufanele ayale umthengisi wezimpahla wase-UK kuleli qophelo, anikeze amandla ommeli asayiniwe futhi aqinisekise ukuthi inombolo ye-EORI iyasebenza. Ibhili lokuqala lokulayisha impahla, noma ukukhishwa kwebhili le-telex noma lolwandle, kumele lilungiswe futhi, ngoba umugqa wokuthumela ngeke ukhiphe i-oda lokulethwa ngaphandle kwalo.
Isinyathelo 3: Ukufaka isimemezelo sokungenisa nge-CDS
Okufakiwe kokungenisa e-UK manje sekufakwa nge-Customs Declaration Service, eyathatha indawo yohlelo oludala lwe-CHIEF. Umthengisi uthumela isimemezelo nge-elekthronikhi kanye nemininingwane yokungenisa, amakhodi ezimpahla, inani lentela, imvelaphi, izinsimbi, i-Incoterm kanye nezinkomba zedokhumenti yezokuthutha. I-Incoterm ibalulekile ngoba itshela amasiko ukuthi yiziphi izindleko zempahla kanye nomshwalense ezingaphakathi kwentengo ye-invoyisi nokuthi yiziphi okumele zengezwe ukuze kufinyelelwe inani lentela.
Inani lempahla ethengiswayo libalwa ngesisekelo se-CIF, okusho izindleko zezimpahla kanye nempahla ethengiswayo kanye nomshuwalense kuze kufike ezingeni lokungena e-UK. Uma i-invoyisi isekelwe ku-DAP, intengo ethunyelwe kakade ifaka impahla ethengiswayo, kodwa ingase ihlanganise nezindleko zokulethwa kwempahla e-UK ezingeyona ingxenye yenani lempahla ethengiswayo, ngakho-ke abadayisi bavame ukudinga ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla ukuze bagweme ukweqisa noma ukwehlisa inani. Abangenisi abathumela impahla ethunyelwa njalo bavame ukuvula i-akhawunti yokuhlehliswa kwentela ukuze intela ikhokhiswe ngedebithi eqondile yanyanga zonke esikhundleni sokuthunyelwa ngempahla ethengiswayo.
Isinyathelo 4: Ukukhokha intela kanye ne-VAT kanye nokuthola ukukhululwa
Uma isimemezelo sesamukelwe, i-CDS ibala intela kanye ne-VAT okufanele ikhokhwe. Umthengisi ukhokha lokhu ku-akhawunti yokuhlehliswa komngenisi, aqoqe imali kumngenisi kusengaphambili noma akhokhe imali bese eyikhokhisa kabusha ngemali yokuphatha. Impahla iyakhishwa uma isimemezelo sesamukelwe futhi intela isiqinisekisiwe, bese umthengisi ethumela ulwazi lokukhululwa esigungwini noma ewareji ukuze isitsha sikwazi ukuhamba.
Abangenisi ababhaliswe nge-VAT ngokuvamile bangasebenzisa ukubalwa kwe-VAT okuhlehlisiwe. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, i-VAT yokungenisa imenyezelwa futhi itholakale ekubuyiselweni kwe-VAT okufanayo, okususa umthelela wokukhokha ibhili elikhulu le-VAT emngceleni. Intela ayikwazi ukuhlehliswa ngendlela efanayo, ngakho-ke kumele ikhokhwe noma ihlehliswe. Ebhizinisini elingenisa isitsha sezimpahla ezibiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaphawundi, lo mehluko unomthelela wangempela emalini yokusebenza.
Ithebula 3: Isibonelo esisebenzayo sentela kanye ne-VAT kumthwalo we-DAP (isilinganiso sentela esingu-4% esicatshangelwayo)
| Into | Inani (GBP) |
| Inani lezimpahla, i-FOB China | 12,000.00 |
| Impahla yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nomshuwalense oya emngceleni wase-UK | 900.00 |
| Inani langokwezifiso (CIF) | 12,900.00 |
| Intela yentela yentela engu-4% yenani lentela yentela yentela | 516.00 |
| Isisekelo se-VAT (inani lentela kanye nentela) | 13,416.00 |
| Ngenisa i-VAT ngo-20% | 2,683.20 |
| Isamba sentela kanye ne-VAT okufanele ikhokhwe ku-HMRC | 3,199.20 |
Ithebula libonisa ukuthi kungani umthengi obelindele ukukhokhela izimpahla kuphela angamangala. Kumthwalo obiza u-£12,000, intela emngceleni ingaphezu kuka-£3,000 ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe noma yiziphi izindleko zomthengisi noma ze-port. Uma umthengi ebhaliswe kwi-VAT futhi esebenzisa ukubalwa kwezimali okuhlehlisiwe, kuphela i-£516 yentela okudingeka ikhokhwe ngokheshi, futhi i-VAT ibuyiswa ekubuyiselweni okufanayo. Ukubalwa kungase kuhluke kancane uma ezinye izindleko, njengokulethwa ngaphakathi kwezwe e-UK, kumele zengezwe enanini le-VAT.
Isinyathelo 5: Ukuhlolwa, ukubanjwa kanye nokuhlolwa
Akuzona zonke izinto ezithunyelwayo ezihlolwayo, kodwa noma yikuphi okungahlolwa. Amasiko asebenzisa indlela esekelwe engcupheni, futhi izinto ezivame ukubangela lokhu kuhlanganisa amadokhumenti angalingani, amanani aphansi kakhulu adalulwe, izimpahla ezinomlando wokungahlelwa kahle, kanye nemikhiqizo engaphansi kokulawulwa kokuphepha noma kokuhweba. Ukuhlolwa kwedokhumenti kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokungenelela futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora ambalwa kuya osukwini. Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba noma ukuskena akuvamile, kodwa uma kwenzeka isitsha singathuthelwa esikhungweni sokuhlola, futhi izindleko zokuthutha, ukuvula nokuvala kabusha ziwela kumngenisi.
Ukudla, izitshalo kanye nemikhiqizo yezilwane kuwela ngaphansi kokulawulwa okwengeziwe kwezempilo kanye nokuhlanzeka kwezitshalo nge-UK Border Target Operating Model, futhi amanye amakhemikhali, amabhethri kanye nezimpahla zikagesi zidinga ubufakazi obusekelayo bokuthobela imithetho. Uma umthengisi etshelwa kusenesikhathi ngalezi zigaba, amaphepha angalungiswa ngaphambi kokufika kunokuba kube ngemva kokuba impahla isiqalile ukugcinwa.
Isinyathelo 6: Ukulethwa kokugcina kanye nobufakazi bokulethwa
Ngemva kokukhululwa, umthengisi uqoqa isitsha, noma impahla ye-LCL ithuthwa esiteshini sokuthutha izitsha, bese ithunyelwa endaweni eshiwo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-DAP iphelela emotweni efikayo, umthengi kumele abe nesikhala sedokodo, abasebenzi kanye nemishini ilungile. Ama-aphoyintimenti ephuzile aholela ezindlekweni zokulinda, futhi ukulethwa okuhlulekile kungasho imali yokulethwa kabusha. Umthengisi uvame ukugcina ubufakazi obusayiniwe bokulethwa njengobufakazi bokuthi ingozi isidlulile, okuhambisana nezimangalo kanye nemigomo yokukhokha evunyelwene ngayo enkontilekeni yokuthengisa.
Amadokhumenti adingekayo ngokushesha
Ukubambezeleka okuningi kwamasiko kubangelwa amadokhumenti, hhayi amasiko. Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa amaphepha avamile nokuthi ubani onesibopho sokuwahlinzeka ngokuthunyelwa kwe-DAP.
Ithebula 4: Imibhalo eyinhloko yokuthunyelwa kwe-DAP kusuka eShayina kuya e-UK
| Idokhumenti | Injongo | Ngokuvamile kunikezwa yi- |
| I-invoyisi yezentengiso | Ifakazela inani, incazelo yomkhiqizo, i-Incoterm kanye namaqembu | Umthengisi |
| Uhlu lokupakisha | Ibonisa ubuningi, isisindo, ubukhulu kanye nokupakishwa | Umthengisi |
| I-Bill of lading noma i-airwaybill | Inkontileka yokuthutha kanye, yempahla yolwandle, idokhumenti yesihloko | Inkampani yenethiwekhi noma umdluliseli |
| Inombolo ye-GB EORI | Ikhomba umngenisi wezimpahla zamasiko e-UK | Umthengi |
| Amandla ommeli wentela | Ugunyaza umthengisi ukuthi afake okufakiwe egameni lomthengi | Umthengi |
| Isitifiketi semvelaphi | Isekela izimangalo zokuqala kanye nokuhlolwa kokulungisa ukuhweba lapho kufanele khona | Umthengisi |
| Amafayela okuthobela imithetho yomkhiqizo | Ubufakazi be-UKCA noma be-CE, imibiko yokuhlolwa, amaphepha edatha yokuphepha | Umthengisi nomthengi |
| Amalayisense nezimvume | Iyadingeka ezimpahleni ezikhawulelwe noma ezilawulwayo | Umthengi |
Izikhathi zokuhamba kanye nendlela imodi ethinta ngayo ukuhlanzwa
Imodi yokuhamba ishintsha isivinini sohambo kanye nesigqi sokukhululeka. Impahla yolwandle ishiya umthengisi amasonto ambalwa ukuze alungiselele ukungena, kuyilapho izimpahla zomoya zicindezela konke zibe yizinsuku futhi zidinga ukuthi umthengisi alinde.
Ithebula 5: Izikhathi zokuthutha ezibonisa indlela ukusuka eShayina ukuya e-UK ngokwendlela
| Mode | Ukuhamba okubonisayo | Ifaneleka kakhulu | Inothi lokusula |
| Ulwandle FCL | Izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwezingama-40 zokuya echwebeni | Imithwalo yesitsha esigcwele | Ukungena kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphambi kokufika |
| Ulwandle LCL | Izinsuku ezi-35 kuya kweziyi-50 emnyango nomnyango | Imiqulu emincane | Isinyathelo esengeziwe sokuphatha nokususa i-CFS |
| Izimpahla zomoya | Izinsuku ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-8 emnyango nomnyango | Impahla ephuthumayo noma enenani eliphezulu | Ukususwa ngosuku olufanayo kuvamile |
| Izimpahla zikaloliwe | Izinsuku ezi-25 kuya kweziyi-35 emnyango nomnyango | Imithwalo ephakathi nendawo, ethinta isikhathi | Ukuthutha ezindaweni eziningana zentela |
| Express courier | Izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-7 emnyango nomnyango | Amasampula namaphasela | Ngokuvamile kufana nesitayela se-DDP enentela ekhokhelwa kusengaphambili |
Imali Ekhokhwa E-UK Ngaphansi Kwe-DAP: Ubani Okhokhayo
Imali yilapho izingcaphuno ze-DAP zivame ukungalungi khona, ngoba intengo yomthengisi ihlanganisa uhambo oluya ekhelini lase-UK kodwa hhayi izindleko ezivela ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla e-UK. Umthumeli ocaphuna i-DAP ngokwethembeka uzohlukanisa amaqembu amabili ezinkokhelo ezikukhokhiso, futhi umthengi ofunda lowo mbhalo ngokucophelela ngeke abe nezimanga.
Ithebula 6: Izindleko ezijwayelekile zase-UK ekuthunyelweni kwe-DAP (ububanzi bokuhlela obubonisayo)
| Shaja | Ngokuvamile kukhokhwa ngu- | Ububanzi noma isisekelo esibonisayo |
| Imvume yentela (imali yokungena kumthengisi) | Umthengi | £35 kuya ku-£80 ngokungena ngakunye, kuye ngobunzima |
| Imigqa eyengeziwe yezimpahla | Umthengi | £5 kuya ku-£15 ngomugqa wentela owengeziwe |
| Imali yokukhokha noma yokuphatha intela kanye ne-VAT | Umthengi | Ngokuvamile 1% kuya ku-2% wenani elikhokhelwe kusengaphambili, okungenani |
| Ukuphathwa kwetheminali yendawo oya kuyo (i-FCL) | Umthengi | £150 kuya ku-£300 ngesitsha ngasinye |
| Imali yokulethwa kwe-oda noma yokukhululwa | Umthengi | £40 kuya ku-£100 ngebhili ngayinye yomthwalo |
| Ukuphathwa kanye nokususwa kwe-CFS (LCL) | Umthengi | £10 kuya ku-£30 nge-cbm ngayinye, ngenkokhelo encane kakhulu |
| Hambisa usuka echwebeni uye endaweni eqanjwe igama | Umthengisi (kufakiwe entengo ye-DAP) | Kusukela cishe ku-£250 kuya ku-£900 noma ngaphezulu, ngebanga kanye nohlobo lwesitsha |
| Ukuhlolwa noma ukuskena kwekhasimende | Umthengi | £100 kuya ku-£400 noma ngaphezulu, kanye nezokuthutha kanye nokuphathwa kwazo |
| Ukwehliswa nokuboshwa | Iqembu elibangela ukulibaziseka, ngokuvamile umthengi ngemva kokufika | Ngokuvamile u-£50 kuya ku-£150 ngesitsha ngosuku ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuphumula |
| Umthwalo wentela | Umthengi | Kusethwe ngekhodi yentela, ngokuvamile kusuka ku-0% kuya ku-12% ezimpahleni ezijwayelekile |
| Ngenisa i-VAT | Umthengi (angabuyiselwa uma ebhaliswe kwi-VAT) | 20% yenani lentela kanye nentela |
Intela ibalwa njengephesenti yenani lentela, futhi iphesenti lincike kukhodi yezimpahla. Izimpahla eziningi zabathengi nezezimboni ziwela cishe ku-zero kuya ku-12% ngaphansi kwe-UK Global Tariff, kuyilapho izinto ezithile njengezicathulo, izingubo nezimoto zingaba phezulu. Inani lemikhiqizo evela eShayina nayo ingaphansi kwezinyathelo zokulungisa ukuhweba, okuhlanganisa nentela yokulwa nokulahla izimpahla ezintweni zensimbi ezikhethiwe, i-aluminium kanye ne-ceramic, futhi lezi zengezwa ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile. I-UK Trade Remedies Authority ishicilela uhlu lwamanje, futhi kufanelekile ukuhlola ngaphambi kokuthi ucaphune.
Amacala avela ngemva kokufika
I-Demurrage kanye nokuboshwa yizinto ezibiza kakhulu ekuhwebeni nge-DAP. I-Demurrage ikhokhiswa yi-terminal noma umugqa wokuthumela lapho isitsha sihlala ngaphakathi kwetheku isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhathi samahhala, futhi ukuboshwa kukhokhiswa lapho isitsha singaphandle kwe-terminal isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba sibuyiselwe singenalutho. Isikhathi samahhala sivame ukuba yizinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. Ngenxa yokuthi i-DAP ibeka imvume ezandleni zomthengi, umthengisi ohamba kancane, ibhili lentela elingakhokhelwa noma umthumeli ongaphenduli angashintsha ukufika komkhumbi okubushelelezi kube yisonto lezindleko zansuku zonke.
Indawo yokugcina impahla iyisigaba sesibili sezindleko. Uma impahla igcinwa ukuze ihlolwe, noma i-warehouse ingakwazi ukuyamukela ngosuku oluhleliwe, ichweba noma i-CFS ikhokhisa indawo yokugcina impahla ngamanani akhuphuka kakhulu ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala. Imali yokulethwa kabusha igcwalisa isithombe. Azikho kulezi zindleko ezinkulu uma zihlukaniswe zodwa, kodwa uma zihlangene zingadlula kalula imali yomthengisi izikhathi eziningana.
Ngakho-ke inkontileka enengqondo isho ukuthi ubani okhokhela izindleko ezihlobene nokubambezeleka nokuthi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Isivumelwano esivamile ukuthi umthengisi uthwala izindleko kuze kube yilapho imoto ifika endaweni eshiwo, kanti umthengi uthwala noma yini ebangelwa ukususwa kwemoto sekwephuzile noma indawo yokukhulula impahla engakalungiselelwa.
Izindleko umthengisi azithwala lapho eqala khona
Ngaphansi kwe-DAP, umthengisi uzofaka isimemezelo sokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe saseShayina, ukuphathwa kwamaloli okuqala kanye nokuphathwa kwetheku, ukuthutha ulwandle noma umoya, futhi uma kuvunyelwene, umshuwalense wempahla . Izindleko ezengeziwe ze-bunker kanye nezesikhathi esimatasa, kanye nezindleko zokuphepha kanye nezincwadi, nazo zifanele lapha. Lezi zindleko ziyashintsha emakethe isonto nesonto, ngakho-ke ikhotheshini ye-DAP isho kuphela isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nohlu olucacile lwalokho okungafakiwe.
Amaphutha Avamile Akhulisa Izindleko Nokulibaziseka
Ukwehlisa inani le-invoyisi
Abanye abathengisi babonisa inani eliphansi ku-invoyisi ukusiza umthengi ukuthi akhokhe intela encane kanye ne-VAT. Lokhu kuwumkhuba oyingozi, ngoba intela isebenzisa idatha yokulinganisa ukuze iveze amanani aphansi futhi ingahlola kabusha intela, yengeze izinhlawulo futhi ibambe impahla ngenkathi iphenya. Imali elondolozwe esimemezelweni sokuqala ayifaneleki kakhulu ukuvezwa, futhi iphethini yokungabi namanani aphelele ingathinta konke ukuthunyelwa kamuva komngenisi.
Ikhodi noma imvelaphi yempahla engalungile
Ukukhetha ikhodi yezimpahla ngoba inezinga eliphansi kungenye inkinga evamile. Ikhodi kumele ichaze umkhiqizo ophathekayo, izinto zawo kanye nomsebenzi wawo, futhi umthengisi udinga imininingwane eyanele ukuze anqume kahle. Ikhodi engalungile ingasho intela engakhokhiwe kahle, futhi kwezinye izimo ifihla umkhiqizo odinga ilayisense noma ongaphansi kwekhambi lokuhweba. Imvelaphi nayo kumele ibe neqiniso. Amalebula athi “Kwenziwe eShayina” kanye nesitifiketi semvelaphi saseShayina kuyahambisana nomphumela wentela, kanti izimpahla eziqedwe kwelinye izwe zingase zingafanelekeli imvelaphi ehlukile.
Ayikho i-EORI, ayikho i-broker, ayikho ipulani
Umthengi ongenanombolo ye-EORI noma ubudlelwano bomthengisi akakwazi ukuthumela okufakiwe, futhi umthwalo awukwazi ukwenza lutho ngaphandle kokulinda. Isixazululo silula, okwenza iphutha likhungathekise kakhulu. Cela umthengi ukuthi aqinisekise inombolo ye-EORI futhi aqoke umthengisi ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ukubhukha, bese ucela ukuxhumana nomthengisi wakhe ukuze umthumeli akwazi ukuthumela amadokhumenti ngqo.
Ikheli lokulethwa elingacacile
Inkontileka ye-DAP enikeza igama ledolobha kuphela esikhundleni sekheli lokulethwa eliqondile izobangela ukungavumelani mayelana nezindleko zokuthutha, izidingo zokuphatha amaphalethi kanye nezibopho zokulayisha impahla. Umthengi kufanele anikeze ikheli eligcwele, amahora okuvula, inqubo yokuqokwa kanye nemishini etholakala endaweni.
Ukubheka ukuhambisana komkhiqizo
Ukuvunyelwa kwempahla yamasiko kuyingxenye eyodwa nje yendaba. Izimpahla ezibekwa emakethe yase-UK kudingeka zihlangabezane nemithetho efanele yokuphepha komkhiqizo, okuvame ukusho ukumaka kwe-UKCA noma, ngezigaba eziningi, ukumaka kwe-CE okusamukelwa eGreat Britain. Izimpahla zikagesi, amathoyizi, izimonyo, amabhethri kanye nemikhiqizo equkethe amamojula angenantambo ngayinye inemithetho yayo yokuhlola, ukulebula kanye nemibhalo. Uma amaphepha engekho emngceleni, impahla ingabanjwa, ibhujiswe noma ibuyiselwe, futhi lezindleko zinkulu kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi ukonga kwempahla.
Indlela Yokulawula Izindleko Zokufika
Umkhuba wokuqala ukubala izindleko ezifike ngaphambi kokuthi uqedele intengo, hhayi ngemva kokuba izimpahla sezifikile. Ispredishithi elula eqala ngenani lezimpahla, enezela impahla kanye nomshuwalense ukuze ifinyelele inani lentela, isebenzise izinga lentela bese ifaka i-VAT izobonisa imali yangempela edingekayo emngceleni. Engeza izindleko zomthengisi, i-terminal kanye nokuthutha impahla, bese uqhathanisa inani lokugcina nentengo yakho yokuthengisa. Uma i-margin isinyamalele, kungcono kakhulu ukufunda lokho ngaphambi kokuba i-oda liqinisekiswe.
Umkhuba wesibili ukukhetha imodi yokuthumela efanele yephrofayili yempahla. Umthengi othumela njalo ama-pallet amane kuya kwayisithupha angathola ukuthi i-LCL ihamba kancane kodwa ishibhile kunesitsha esingenalutho, kuyilapho umthengisi onomthwalo ogcwele wesitsha njalo ngenyanga engaxoxisana ngamanani angcono kanye nemibandela yesikhathi samahhala. Lapho isivinini sibaluleke kakhulu kunezindleko zamayunithi, njengokwethulwa komkhiqizo omusha noma isitoko sokuphromotha, ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla emoyeni kungavikela ukuthengiswa yize izinga lokuthunyelwa ngekhilogremu liphezulu.
Umkhuba wesithathu ukuhlela amaphepha kusenesikhathi futhi uwagcine ehambisana. Gcina ifayela lomkhiqizo eliyinhloko elinamakhodi ezimpahla, izincazelo, izinto zokwakha, izisindo kanye namadokhumenti okuthobela imithetho, bese ulisebenzisa ekuthunyelweni ngakunye. Lapho i-invoyisi, uhlu lokupakisha kanye nedokhumenti yezokuthutha konke kuxoxa indaba efanayo, imibuzo yamasiko iba yinto engavamile futhi abadayisi bangaphendula izimemezelo ngokushesha.
Okokugcina, cabanga ngoshintsho manje. Njengoba ukukhululeka kwenani eliphansi kunyamalala, abathumeli abavele benedatha enhle, ukubhaliswa kwe-VAT yase-UK noma ummeleli wezezimali kanye nomlando wentela ohlanzekile bazojwayela kalula. Abathengisi abahlehlisa lo msebenzi kuze kube yisikhathi sokugcina bazobe bencintisana ngamandla omthengisi futhi befunda imithetho emisha ngesikhathi esifanayo nabo bonke abanye.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Okusekela Ngayo Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-DAP e-UK
Kusukela ngo-2010, i-Topway Shipping, enendlunkulu eShenzhen, eShayina, ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo ze-e-commerce logistics eziwela imingcele. Ithimba lethu elisungule linolwazi lweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 kwezokuthutha kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla, futhi yize ingxenye enkulu yesizinda sethu isekuthuthweni kwe-China-US, inkambo efanayo yokunemba kwedatha, ukulawulwa kwemibhalo kanye nokwabiwa kwezindleko ezicacile kusebenza kuyo yonke imizila esiyisebenzayo, kufaka phakathi izimpahla eziya emachwebeni ase-UK.
Izinsizakalo zethu zimboza lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha, kusukela kwezokuthutha zokuqala eShayina kanye nokugcina impahla kwamanye amazwe kuya ekususweni kwempahla yamasiko kanye nokulethwa kwempahla okuhamba ibanga elide. Ngokuthunyelwa kwe-DAP, lokhu kusho ukuthi umlingani oyedwa angahlela lonke uhambo, kusukela ekuthathweni kwefektri kanye nokumenyezelwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuya esazisweni sokufika, ukudluliselwa kwempahla kanye nokulethwa kokugcina endaweni eshiwo. Siphinde sinikeze izinsizakalo zokuthutha zasolwandle ze-FCL kanye ne-LCL eziguquguqukayo ezivela eShayina kuya emachwebeni amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, ngakho umthumeli angafanisa inketho yesitsha nomthamo wempahla esikhundleni sokukhokhela isikhala esingenalutho.
Empeleni, sisiza amakhasimende ngezindlela ezintathu. Silungiselela amadokhumenti nedatha ngendlela ejwayelekile eyenza kube lula ukukhishwa kwempahla, sicaphuna amanani e-DAP ngokwahlukana okusobala phakathi kwezindleko zomthengisi kanye nezindleko zomthengi, futhi sihlela ukudluliselwa kumthengisi wezimpahla ukuze impahla ingami ingasebenzi echwebeni. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi i-DAP, i-DDP noma enye i-Incoterm ifanele ibhizinisi lakho, ithimba le-Topway Shipping lingabuyekeza umkhiqizo wakho, umthengi wakho kanye nenani lakho bese liphakamisa isakhiwo esivikela kokubili imajini yakho kanye nobudlelwano bakho namakhasimende.
Isiphetho
I-DAP yigama elisebenzayo nelisetshenziswa kabanzi lokuthumela kusuka eShayina kuya e-UK, kodwa lisebenza kahle kuphela uma izinhlangothi zombili ziqonda ukuthi umsebenzi womthengisi uphela kuphi nokuthi owomthengi uqala kuphi. Umthengisi uletha izimpahla endaweni eshiwo, bese umthengi ezikhipha ngentela yase-UK, akhokhe intela kanye ne-VAT bese ethula imoto. Uma lokho kuhlukaniswa kubhalwe ngokucacile enkontilekeni futhi kubonakala ekhotheshini, i-DAP inikeza abathengisi izinga elilawulekayo lomthwalo wemfanelo futhi inika abathengi ukulawula ukuthobela kwabo imithetho yokungenisa impahla.
Isimo esizungeze le nqubo siyashintsha. Ukuphela kokukhululwa kwentela ka-£135, intela entsha ye-EU enenani eliphansi kanye nokunaka okukhula kwekhwalithi yedatha konke kukhomba ohlelweni lwentela lapho ukunemba kubaluleke khona kunanini ngaphambili. Amabhizinisi alungiselela amadokhumenti awo, aqinisekise amakhodi awo ezimpahla, abhalisele i-EORI, abale izindleko zokufika kusenesikhathi futhi asebenze nomthumeli oqondayo ukuthi zombili izinhlangothi zomzila zizosula izimpahla ngokushesha futhi zikhokhe izindleko ezimbalwa ezingalindelekile. I-Topway Shipping isilungele ukusekela lowo msebenzi, kusukela emayela lokuqala eShayina kuya ekulethweni kokugcina e-UK.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Ubani okhokhela intela yokungenisa kanye ne-VAT yase-UK ngaphansi kwe-DAP?
A: Umthengi uyakhokha. Ngaphansi kwe-DAP, umthengisi unesibopho sokuthutha impahla iye endaweni eshiwo, kodwa imvume yokungenisa impahla, intela kanye ne-VAT kungokwe-akhawunti yomthengi ngaphandle kokuthi izinhlangothi zivumelana ngenye indlela enkontilekeni.
U: Ingabe ngidinga inombolo ye-EORI ukuze ngingenise kusuka eShayina ngiye e-UK?
A: Yebo, ibhizinisi elingenisa izimpahla ngokuhweba eGreat Britain lidinga inombolo ye-GB EORI ukuze lenze isimemezelo sentela. Kumahhala ukufaka isicelo nge-HMRC, futhi isicelo kufanele senziwe ngaphambi kwemikhumbi yempahla.
U: Ingabe umkhawulo we-£135 wokukhokha intela usatholakala?
A: Ngesikhathi sokubhala lokhu kusasebenza, kodwa uhulumeni ukuqinisekisile ukuthi kuzosuswa, kanti usuku lwakamuva lunikezwe njengoMashi 2029 kanye nombiko wakamuva okhomba ku-Okthoba 2028. Hlola i-GOV.UK ukuthola isikhundla samanje ngaphambi kokuthi uhlele amanani esikhathi eside.
U: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-DAP ne-DDP yokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla e-UK?
A: Nge-DAP umthengi ukhokha intela yempahla futhi akhokhe intela yempahla kanye ne-VAT. Nge-DDP umthengisi wenza konke lokho futhi alethe izimpahla ngentela esezikhokhiwe kakade, okulula kumthengi kodwa kubeka umthwalo wemfanelo owengeziwe wokuthobela imithetho kumthengisi.
U: Ngingakugwema kanjani ukwehla kwezindleko zokuthutha kanye nezindleko zokugcina impahla emachwebeni ase-UK?
A: Khetha umthengisi wezimpahla ngaphambi kokuba umkhumbi ufike, qiniseka ukuthi i-EORI kanye ne-power of attorney sezilungile, thumela amadokhumenti anembile kusenesikhathi, bese ubhuka indawo yokulethwa kusenesikhathi. Ukulungiselela okusheshayo nokuphelele kuyisivikelo esingcono kakhulu ezinkokhelweni zansuku zonke.
