Iyini i-Terminal Handling Charge (THC)? Malini?
Isingeniso
Akuwena wedwa owake wabheka ngokucophelela isilinganiso sempahla noma i-invoyisi yokugcina wazibuza ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi “i-Terminal Handling Charge (THC)”. I-THC iyinkulumo evamile kwezokuthutha ebonakala cishe kuzo zonke izitsha zokuthutha zasolwandle, kodwa ayichazwa njalo ngesiNgisi esilula. Ukungaqondi kahle i-THC kungabangela izinkinga kubathumeli, ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezincane kanye nabathengisi be-e-commerce, uma kukhulunywa ngezindleko zokugcina zemikhiqizo.
Imali Yokuphatha Isiteshi akuyona "imali efihliwe"; kumane kuyindleko edingekayo yokuthutha izitsha nempahla emachwebeni nasezikhumulweni ezigcwele abantu. Kubiza imali ukusebenzisa ama-crane, amaloli, ama-forklift, abasebenzi basechwebeni, amaphepha, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha. I-THC iyindlela evamile lapho iziteshi nabathwali bezithuthi bethola khona lezi zindleko, ngokuvamile ngesitsha noma nge-cubic meter/ton.
Kungahluka kakhulu kusukela echwebeni kuya kwelinye kanye nomthwali kuya kwelinye ngoba ama-terminal endawo aphatha i-THC futhi ivame ukukhokhiswa ngabathwali noma abathumeli bempahla. Lo mehluko ungaba nzima ukuwuchaza, ikakhulukazi uma uzama ukuthola ukuthi kungani ukuthunyelwa ngePort A kubiza kakhulu kunokuthunyelwa okufanayo ngePort B.
Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza ukuthi iyini i-Terminal Handling Charge, ukuthi ihlanganisani, ukuthi amanani ajwayelekile angakanani, ukuthi i-THC ibalwa kanjani ekuthunyelweni kwe-FCL kanye ne-LCL, nokuthi i-Incoterms ithinta kanjani ukuthi ubani okufanele ayikhokhe. Sizophinde sibheke ezinye izimo zangempela bese siphetha ngeseluleko sendlela yokusingatha i-THC kahle. Okokugcina, uzofunda ukuthi umlingani wezokuthutha ochwepheshe njenge-Topway Shipping angakusiza kanjani ukugcina i-THC nazo zonke izindleko zakho zokuthutha zilawulwa.
Ukuqonda Inkokhelo Yokuphatha Itheminali (i-THC)
Imali Yokuphatha I-Terminal iyinkokhelo ehlanganisa izindleko zokuhambisa ama-container nezimpahla e-port terminal. Yizindleko zokuthutha i-container noma i-cargo yakho endaweni ye-terminal, kusukela ngesikhathi ingena esangweni le-terminal kuze kube yilapho ilayishwa emkhunjini, noma isuka emkhunjini iye esangweni lapho ifika.
Uma kuthunyelwa ama-container agcwele (i-FCL), i-THC ivame ukukhokhiswa ngesitsha ngasinye. Ngokuthunyelwa okungaphansi kwe-container-load (i-LCL), izindleko zivame ukususelwa esisindweni noma kumthamo wempahla yakho, njenge-cubic meter ngayinye noma nge-revenue ton ngayinye. Umqondo uyafana, kodwa indlela inkokhelo evela ngayo ebhilini lakho ingase ihluke kuye ngokuthi i-freighter yakho ibeka kanjani amanani ayo.
Kufanele wazi ukuthi i-THC ngokuvamile ayifakiwe emthwalweni oyisisekelo wolwandle. Ngisho noma inkampani yokuthumela izimpahla inikeza izinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuthutha olwandle, izindleko zokugcina zizoqhubeka zifaka i-THC kanye nezinye izimali zikamasipala kokubili lapho kuvela khona kanye nalapho uya khona. Uma uthola amakhotheshini, ngokuvamile kungumqondo omuhle ukubuza ukuthi i-THC ifakiwe noma cha, futhi uma kunjalo, ngaluphi uhlangothi (imvelaphi, indawo oya kuyo, noma kokubili).
Enye into abantu abavame ukudideka ngayo ukuthi ubani obeka i-THC. Ezimweni eziningi, abaqhubi beziteshi babeka amashejuli entela achaza izimali zokuphatha ezisemthethweni. Abathwali kanye nabathumeli bezimpahla bese bedlulisela lokhu, ngezinye izikhathi bakufaka kumanani endawo “aphelele” kanti ngezinye izikhathi bawabiza ngokuthi “i-THC Origin” kanye “ne-THC Destination.” I-THC echwebeni elithile ingashintsha unyaka nonyaka ngoba iziteshi zingashintsha amanani azo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngisho neziteshi ngaphakathi kwechweba elifanayo zingase zibe nezakhiwo zezindleko ezihlukene kancane.
Yini Embozwa Yi-THC Ngempela?
Imali Yokuphatha I-Terminal ikhokhela imisebenzi eminingana yomzimba neyokuphatha okudingeka yenziwe ukuze kudluliselwe imithwalo nge-port terminal. Ukuhlaziywa okuqondile kungahluka nge-terminal ngayinye, kodwa isisekelo esiyisisekelo ukuthi i-THC yizindleko zokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda ye-port, imishini, kanye nezisebenzi.
Empilweni yangempela, i-THC ivame ukusho izinto ezifana nokuphatha isango langaphakathi, ukuhambisa izitsha eduze kwesiteshi, ukuzibeka egcekeni, nokuzilayisha noma ukuzikhipha emkhunjini. Kungase futhi kufake phakathi indlela yokusebenzisa izinhlelo ze-IT zesiteshi, ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kokuphepha, kanye nendlela yokusingatha isithwali kanye nesiteshi.
Indlela elula yokubona ukuthi i-THC ihlanganisani ukubheka umzila wempahla odlula esikhumulweni.
Imisebenzi Ejwayelekile Efakiwe ku-THC
| Isiteji Senqubo | Isibonelo Semisebenzi | Imbozwe yi-THC? |
|---|---|---|
| Isango lokungena / Isango lokuphuma | Ukuhlola iloli esangweni, ukuskena isitsha, ukwabela indawo yegceke | Yebo |
| Ukuphathwa kwegceke | Isitsha sokuthutha esinamaloli asegcekeni, sipakisha/sivula egcekeni | Yebo |
| Ukulayisha/ukukhulula imikhumbi | Imisebenzi ye-crane yokuthutha imikhumbi iye ogwini, ukubeka izitsha esikebheni | Yebo |
| Ukuphathwa kwetheminali | Imibhalo eyisisekelo, ukufakwa kwedatha, ukubambisana nezinhlelo zenkampani | Ngokuvamile |
| Ukuphepha nokuqapha | I-CCTV, ukulawula ukufinyelela, izinhlelo zokudlula kwesiteshi | Ngokuvamile |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yokuhlola intela | Ukuhambisa isitsha siye/sisuka endaweni yokuhlola | Ngezinye izikhathi |
| Isitoreji ngaphezu kwesikhathi samahhala | Indawo yokugcina igceke ende, i-demurrage | Cha (okwehlukile) |
Akuzona zonke iziteshi ezibala lezi zenzo ngokwahlukana. Ngokuvamile, isiteshi kanye nomthwali bavumelana ngesilinganiso se-THC esihlanganisiwe sesikhongozeli ngasinye, esithunyelwa kamuva kumthumeli. Into eyinhloko okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-THC ihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zokuphatha ezibonakalayo zesiteshi, hhayi ukuhambisa izinto ebangeni elide.
Ngezinye izikhathi, abathumeli baxuba i-THC ne-demurrage noma ukugcinwa. Uma isitsha sihlala ngaphakathi kwetheminali isikhathi eside kunesikhathi sokugcina samahhala, sikhokhelwa i-demurrage. Uma isitsha sihlala ngaphandle kwetheminali isikhathi eside kunesigunyaziwe, sikhokhiswa i-vaccine. Zombili izijeziso ezihlobene nesikhathi. I-THC, ngakolunye uhlangothi, intengo yokuphatha okufanele uyikhokhe noma ngabe usebenzisa sonke isikhathi sakho samahhala noma cha. Ngokuvamile ikhokhiswa kanye nokunyakaza ngakunye.
Ibalwa Kanjani I-THC?
I-THC ivame ukubalwa ngokwesisekelo sesitsha ngasinye sokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kanye ngokwesisekelo sesisindo/ivolumu sokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL. Izinga langempela linqunywa yi-terminal futhi ngokuvamile lincike ezintweni ezifana nosayizi wesitsha, uhlobo lwesitsha, indawo, kanye nesiqondiso (ukuthumela ngaphandle uma kuqhathaniswa nokungenisa).
Ezingeni elilula kakhulu, i-FCL THC ingaba inani elinqunyiwe ngesitsha esingamamitha angu-20 kanye nenani eliphakeme elinqunyiwe ngesitsha esingamamitha angu-40. I-terminal ingaba namanani ahlukene ezitsha ezomile ezijwayelekile, izitsha eziqandisiwe (ama-reefers), kanye nemishini ekhethekile njengezitsha ezivulekile noma ezibekwe phansi. Uma ukuphathwa kuyinkimbinkimbi noma kudinga izinsiza eziningi, i-THC iba phezulu.
Ngokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL, imithwalo evela kubathumeli abaningi ihlanganiswa ibe yi-container ehlanganyelwe. Kuleso simo, i-THC ye-container yonke ivame ukusabalala kuyo yonke imithwalo ngokusekelwe kumthamo noma isisindo esikhokhiswayo. Yingakho izindleko zendawo ze-LCL ngezinye izikhathi zibukeka ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: umthumeli wempahla ubeka izindleko zokugcina phakathi kwamakhasimende amaningi ahlukene.
Isiqondiso sibalulekile futhi. Amanye amachweba anezintela ze-THC ezahlukene zokuthumela nokungenisa, okubonisa amaphethini ezisebenzi zendawo, amazinga okuminyana, noma imikhuba yemakethe. Kwamanye amazwe, abalawuli bangase banciphise noma baqondise amazinga e-THC, kanti kwamanye, amachweba anenkululeko eyengeziwe yokubeka amanani awo.
Ngokombono womthumeli, i-THC ivame ukuba yingxenye yeqembu elikhulu elibizwa ngokuthi “izindleko zendawo” noma “izindleko zomsuka/indawo oya kuyo”. Ungase ubone imigqa efana nokuthi “Imvelaphi ye-THC”, “Indawo oya kuyo ye-THC”, “Imali Yamadokhumenti”, kanye “Nemali Yokuphepha” ihlanganiswe ndawonye. Uma ufuna ukuqonda izindleko zakho ngokucacile, kunengqondo ukucela umhlinzeki wakho wezokuthutha ukuthi akuchazele ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye eyingxenye yokuphatha yokugcina impahla.
Izinhlobo Ezijwayelekile Ze-THC Emhlabeni Wonke
Uhla lwezindleko lungaba lukhulu kakhulu ngoba i-THC ithintwa yizinto ezifaka amanani ezisebenzi zendawo, umkhiqizo wesiteshi, ingqalasizinda yesiteshi, kanye nomthetho. Amachweba amakhulu e-hub kanye nama-terminal athuthukiswe kahle kakhulu ngokuvamile anezindleko eziphezulu kakhulu, kodwa futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu. Amachweba amancane noma angenawo amandla okuzenzakalelayo angakhokhisa kancane, kodwa ukubambezeleka kanye nethrafikhi kungenza izindleko zakho zikhuphuke.
Ithebula elingezansi linikeza kuphela amazinga aphansi ngama-USD esitsheni esomile esivamile. Lezi akuzona izintela ezisemthethweni, futhi zizoshintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangesiphetho, kodwa zikunikeza umbono ophansi wesilinganiso abathumeli abavame ukubhekana naso.
| Isifunda / Uhlobo Lwechweba | Ukuthunyelwa kwe-THC kwe-FCL okungu-20′ (Okukhombayo) | Ukuthunyelwa kwe-THC kwe-FCL okungu-40′ (Okukhombayo) | Amazwi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amachweba amakhulu e-China | US$80 - 180 | US$120 - 260 | Ama-terminal asebenza kahle kakhulu, umncintiswano oqinile |
| Amachweba amakhulu ase-US | US$150 - 350 | US$250 - 450 | Izindleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi kanye nengqalasizinda |
| Amachweba amakhulu e-EU | US$120 - 280 | US$200 - 420 | Izindleko ziyahlukahluka phakathi kweNyakatho Yurophu neMedithera |
| Amachweba emakethe asafufusa | US$60 - 150 | US$100 - 240 | Izindleko zingahluka kakhulu; ingqalasizinda ingase ingathuthuki kakhulu |
| Transshipment hubs | US$90 - 220 | US$130 - 320 | Imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kodwa ngokuvamile ikhiqiza kakhulu |
Lezi zinombolo ziyizilinganiso zokuqala nje. I-port pair ethile, inkampani yokuthwala, i-terminal, nanoma yimiphi imishini noma izinsizakalo ezihlukile ezisetshenziswayo kuzothinta i-THC yakho yangempela. Uma ubheka i-LCL, ngeke ubone izinga lonke lesitsha. Esikhundleni salokho, uzobona inkokhelo nge-cubic meter noma nge-revenue ton efaka i-THC kanye nezinye izimali zendawo.
Uma wenza isabelomali noma uqhathanisa izinketho ezahlukene zomzila, i-THC akufanele ibhekwe yodwa. Kufanele ibhekwe ngokuhambisana nezinye izindleko zomsuka kanye nendawo oya kuyo. Uma ichweba lisebenza kahle kakhulu, i-THC eyengeziwe ingase iholele ekwehleni kwezindleko eziphelele uma inciphisa ukubambezeleka, izimali zokugcina, kanye nezingozi.
I-THC yokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL vs LCL
I-THC ilula kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwe-FCL. Esikhathini esiningi, ukhokha inani elibekiwe lesitsha ngasinye, okusobala ukuthi lisekelwe ngobukhulu nohlobo lwesitsha. Uma uthutha isitsha esomile esingamamitha angu-40 ukusuka echwebeni elikhulu eShayina ukuya echwebeni elikhulu e-US, kufanele ulindele ukubona i-THC kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, lapho isiphelo ngasinye sishaja kanye ngesitsha ngasinye.
I-THC iyingxenye yesakhiwo sezindleko esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu sokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL. Umthumeli wezimpahla kufanele ahlukanise izindleko zesitsha, njenge-THC, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla yokugcina impahla, phakathi kwabo bonke abathumeli ngoba abathumeli abaningi abahlukene basebenzisa isitsha esifanayo. Yingakho ama-invoyisi e-LCL evame ukuba nezindleko eziningi zasendaweni kuwo ongaziboni kusilinganiso se-FCL esilula.
Empilweni yangempela, i-LCL THC ivame ukufakwa emgqeni ofana nokuthi “Izindleko zokuqala (nge-CBM)” noma “Izindleko zokuya (nge-CBM).” Ngisho noma imali ingabizwa ngokuthi i-THC, isasho into efanayo: ukuhambisa impahla ngesiteshi. Uma uqhathanisa izinketho ze-FCL ne-LCL, udinga ukuhlola kokubili amanani okuthutha kanye nezindleko zendawo, njenge-THC, ukuze ukhethe leyo ekunika izindleko ezinhle kakhulu ngeyunithi ngayinye yomthwalo.
Isibonelo: Ukuqhathanisa Ukwelashwa kwe-THC kwe-FCL kanye ne-LCL
| aspect | I-FCL (Umthwalo Wesitsha Esigcwele) | I-LCL (Ingaphansi Komthwalo Wesitsha) |
|---|---|---|
| Isisekelo sokushaja | Ngesitsha ngasinye (20′, 40′, njll.) | Ngokwe-CBM noma ngethoni ngayinye yemali engenayo |
| Ukubonakala ku-invoyisi | Ngokuvamile njengemigqa ehlukile ye-THC Origin / THC Destination | Ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswa izindleko zendawo ezivela/eziya lapho uya khona |
| Ukwabiwa kwemithwalo yemfanelo | Ikhokhwa yiqembu elinomthwalo wemfanelo ngaphansi kwe-Incoterms | Kwabelwana ngabo bonke abathumeli ekuhlanganisweni |
| Ukubikezelwa kwezindleko | Usayizi omkhulu kanye nama-port akhona ayaziwa | Kuncike kumthamo wangempela okhokhiswayo kanye nesakhiwo sokuhlanganiswa |
Kwabathumeli abathumela amaphakheji amaningi, i-FCL ivame ukubikezelwa kangcono ngokombono we-THC. I-LCL isengaba yisivumelwano esihle kubathumeli abancane, kodwa kubalulekile ukusebenza nomuntu othumela impahla ongachaza ukuthi i-THC nezinye izimali zasendaweni zifakiwe kanjani ezindlekweni ze-CBM ngayinye.
Ubani Okhokha I-THC Futhi Nini? (Indima Yama-Incoterms)
I-Incoterms okuvunyelwene ngayo phakathi komthengi nomthengisi inomthelela omkhulu ekutheni ubani ogcina ekhokha i-THC. I-Incoterms ichaza lapho ingozi yomthengi nomthengisi kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yezindleko ishintshana khona. I-THC ingenye yezimali zendawo ezizokhokhwa yicala elilodwa noma elinye.
Umthengi unesibopho cishe kuzo zonke izindleko zomthengisi ngemuva kokuthengisa, inqobo nje uma imigomo ifana ne-EXW (Ex Works). Lokho kuvame ukufaka i-THC echwebeni lokulayisha nokukhipha impahla, njengoba umthengi enesibopho somthwali oyinhloko. Umthengisi akudingeki enze okuningi.
I-FOB (Free On Board) isho ukuthi umthengisi uvame ukukhokhela izindleko zokuhambisa imikhiqizo echwebeni lokulayisha, ukuhlanza amasiko okuthumela kwamanye amazwe, bese eyifaka emkhunjini. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuvame ukusho ukuthi umthengisi ukhokha i-THC endaweni yokuqala kanti umthengi ukhokha i-THC endaweni eya kuyo. Kodwa amasiko endawo angahluka, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubuza umhlinzeki wakho wezokuthutha ukuthi izindleko zabiwe kanjani.
Umthengisi ukhokhela futhi ahlele imithwalo emikhulu yolwandle eya echwebeni eliya kulo ngaphansi kwe-CIF noma i-CFR. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa i-THC yokuqala kanye nemithwalo yolwandle. Umthengi uvame ukuba nesibopho se-THC eya lapho ithunyelwa khona kanye nokulethwa ezweni, ngaphandle kokuthi izinhlangothi zivumelana ngenye indlela noma zisebenzisa amagama anjenge-DAP noma i-DDP.
I-DAP (Delivered At Place) kanye ne-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) zibeka umthwalo omkhulu kumthengisi. Kulezi zimo, umthengisi kungadingeka akhokhe i-THC kokubili lapho eqala khona nalapho eya khona, kanye nokuthutha ngaphakathi ezweni kanye nentela yamasiko neyamasiko ku-DDP. Umthengi uthola intengo ehanjiswayo "ephelele".
Ngenxa yokuthi i-THC ngezinye izikhathi iyingxenye enkulu yezindleko zendawo, ukungaqondi kahle mayelana ne-Incoterms kungabangela izinkinga. Isibonelo, umthengi angacabanga ukuthi umthengisi ukhokha zonke izimali zetheku, kufaka phakathi i-THC, kuyilapho umthengisi ecabanga ukuthi i-THC esekuqaleni ingeyomthengi. Izivumelwano ezibhaliwe kanye nezingcaphuno ezinemininingwane ezisho ngokucacile ukuthi ubani okhokha i-THC ethekwini ngalinye kusiza ukuvimbela izinto ukuthi zingahambi kahle.
I-THC vs Ezinye Izindleko Zokumboza kanye Nemibhalo
I-THC ingenye yezindleko ozozibona ngezinsizakalo zechweba kanye nezincwadi. Ukwazi ukuthi ihluke kanjani kwezinye izindleko kungakusiza ukuthi uxoxisane kangcono futhi kukunikeze intengo enembile kakhudlwana.
Ukukhipha amabhili okuthutha impahla, ukuphatha amaphepha, nokuthumela idatha kubaphathi bentela noma bechweba ngokuvamile kubiza imali. Lezi zimali zingezomsebenzi wokuphatha futhi azinalutho oluphathelene nokuhambisa amakhonteyina egcekeni.
Ngezinye izikhathi, izindleko zokuphepha zengezwa ezindleleni zokuphepha ezengeziwe echwebeni, okuhlanganisa nokulandela imithetho ye-ISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security). Zingakhokhisa ngesitsha ngasinye noma ngempahla, futhi azifani ne-THC.
Izindleko zokugcina impahla echwebeni noma zokunciphisa umthwalo zisekelwe esikhathini futhi zisebenza lapho impahla noma isitsha sakho sihlala esigungwini isikhathi eside kunesikhathi samahhala esivunyelwe. Ngisho noma zihlobene ngokusobala nokusetshenziswa kwechwebeni, lezi zimali aziyona i-THC. Ukuthunyelwa okuhamba kahle kakhulu kungase kudingeke ukuthi kukhokhe i-THC, kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa okulibazisekayo kungakha indawo yokugcina impahla eningi kanye nokunciphisa umthwalo ngaphezu kwe-THC.
Uma isitsha sihlala ngaphandle kwesiteshi isikhathi eside kunesigunyaziwe, njengasesitolo sakho sokugcina impahla noma emotweni, kuzodingeka ukhokhe imali yokuboshwa. Umthwali (ongumnikazi noma oqashe isitsha) ukhokhisa imali yokuboshwa, kanti i-THC ikhokhisa imali yokuphathwa ngaphakathi kwesiteshi.
Kuzoba lula ukukhuluma nabathuthi bempahla kanye nabaphakeli uma ukhumbula la maqembu. Ungase ubuze, “Ingabe lokhu kungokokuphatha, ukubhala amadokhumenti, ukuphepha, ukugcina, noma ukusebenzisa isitsha?” uma ubona into elayinini. Lowo mbuzo owodwa ungakusiza ugweme ukudideka futhi wonge imali.
Indlela Yokulawula I-THC
Awukwazi ukugwema ngokuphelele i-THC, ngoba umthwalo wakho kufanele uphathwe ezikhumulweni. Kodwa-ke, ungakwazi ukulawula ukuthi lezi zimali zicacile futhi zibikezelwe kangakanani, futhi ungenza izinqumo ezinciphisa izindleko nezingozi ezingabalulekile.
Into eyodwa ewusizo ongayenza ukusebenzisa ama-Incoterms afanelana namakhono akho kanye nolwazi onalo olukunikeza ithuba. Uma unomlingani omuhle wezokuthutha ezweni lapho uthumela khona impahla kwamanye amazwe, ungase ufune izimo ezikuvumela ukuthi ulawule futhi uxoxisane ngqo nge-THC evela khona esikhundleni sokuvumela umhlinzeki ukuthi akwenze. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uzizwa uqiniseka kakhulu ngokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe, ungase ufune okuphambene nalokho.
Enye indlela ehlakaniphile yokonga imali ukuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwakho. Uma uvame ukuthumela izindawo ezincane ze-LCL kusuka endaweni efanayo uye endaweni efanayo, ungase ukwazi ukuthuthukisa amaphethini akho okuhlanganisa, uthuthele ku-FCL ngokushesha kunalokho obekuhlosile, noma usebenzise amachweba asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi anamazinga aphansi e-THC.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuba nezingcaphuno ezicacile. Uma ubuza ngentengo, ungatshela umuntu othumela i-THC ukuthi ifakiwe yini nokuthi, uma kunjalo, ifakiwe kuliphi ichweba nokuthi ikuphi. Abantu abaningi abanolwazi lokuthumela i-THC bangakunikeza ukuqhathanisa okuhlangene kwezindleko zonke zomnyango nomnyango, kufaka phakathi i-THC, ukuze uthole izinketho ezahlukene zokuhambisa i-THC noma zesevisi.
Okokugcina, ukukhetha umlingani wezokuthutha owazi okuningi ngemigqa yakho yokuhweba eyinhloko kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Umthumeli othumela izinto eChina nase-US nsuku zonke noma eminye imizila ebalulekile uvame ukuba nobudlelwano nama-terminals, ukuqonda kahle ukuthi izinto zisebenza kanjani endaweni, kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza komsebenzi okunciphisa amaphutha, ukubambezeleka, kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe zendawo ezimangazayo.
Izibonelo Ezisebenzayo: Ukulinganisa i-THC Ekuthunyelweni Kwangempela
Ukuze sisize siqonde kangcono i-THC, ake sibheke izibonelo ezimbili ezilula. Lezi akuzona izintela zangempela, kodwa zibonisa ukuthi i-THC ingena kanjani esithombeni sonke sezindleko.
Cabanga ngokuthumela i-FCL eyodwa engamafidi angu-40 isuka eShenzhen iye eLos Angeles enemigomo ye-FOB. Umhlinzeki wakho ukhokhela ukuthutha kwamaloli endawo ukuya echwebeni kanye nentela yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Wena, njengomthengi, ukhokhela imithwalo yasolwandle.
Umthumeli wakho wezimpahla angase athi:
- Ukuthunyelwa ngomkhumbi kusuka eShenzhen kuya eLos Angeles kubiza u-$1,200.
- I-THC emthonjeni (embozwe ngumhlinzeki ngaphansi kwe-FOB): ingxenye yezimali zendawo zomhlinzeki
- I-THC endaweni oya kuyo (eLos Angeles): $320 ngesitsha esingamamitha angu-40
- Imali yokuthenga amaphepha endawo kanye nezokuphepha: US$80
Kulesi sibonelo esilula, ubhekene ngqo ne-THC endaweni oya kuyo, lapho i-US$320 iyingxenye "yezindleko zendawo oya kuyo." Ingxenye ye-THC isahlobene nezindleko zokugcina, ngakho-ke ingase ingashintshi kaningi njengesilinganiso sempahla yolwandle.
Manje zibone njengomnikazi wesitolo esiku-inthanethi othumela izimpahla ze-LCL zisuka eShanghai ziya eNew York. Ukuthunyelwa kwakho kungu-5 CBM kanye no-1,000 kg, kanti ivolumu ekhokhiswayo ingu-5 CBM.
Isilinganiso sakho singase sibonise:
- Impahla yolwandle (i-LCL, nge-CBM ngayinye): US$60 ngama-CBM ama-5 = US$300
- Izimali zendawo ezivela ekuqaleni (kufaka phakathi isabelo se-THC, nge-CBM ngayinye): US$25 × 5 CBM = US$125
- Izindleko zendawo endaweni oya kuyo (kufaka phakathi isabelo se-THC, nge-CBM ngayinye): US$40 × 5 CBM = US$200
Ezindlekweni zendawo ze-CBM ngayinye, i-THC ixubene nezinye izinsizakalo zikamasipala. Awukwazi ukubona umugqa we-THC oqondile, kodwa usekhona. Uma i-forwarder ishintsha i-consolidation terminal noma amanani e-terminal enyuka, amanani endawo nge-CBM ngayinye angashintsha ukuze abonise amazinga amasha e-THC.
Ungabuza imibuzo eqondile uma ubheka izingcaphuno ucabanga nge-THC, njengokuthi “Yiyiphi ingxenye yezindleko zendawo zokuphatha izikhungo?” Zizinzile kangakanani lezo zindleko? Ingabe zikhona ezinye izikhungo noma imizila engase ibe nokwethenjelwa noma engabizi kakhulu iyonke?
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Okukusiza Ngayo Ukuphatha I-THC Nezindleko Zokuhlela Zonke
I-THC imane ingenye yezingxenye eziningi ze-logistics equation yamabhizinisi e-commerce aphesheya kwemingcele kanye namabhizinisi aphesheya kwezilwandle. Umlingani omuhle we-logistics angakusiza ukuthi uqonde futhi ubhekane nalezi zindleko ngendlela esiza ibhizinisi lakho ukuthi lithuthuke esikhundleni sokuhlala likubamba ungalindele.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eShayina, ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo ze-e-commerce logistics ezivela emingceleni kusukela ngo-2010. Ithimba elisungule lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni ekuthuthweni kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokususwa kwempahla yamasiko, ligxile kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwezinto e-US naseShayina. I-Topway iyazi ukuthi ukuphathwa kwe-terminal kusebenza kanjani emachwebeni amakhulu aseShayina kanye nasezindaweni zase-US ngoba bebesebhizinisini isikhathi eside. Bayazi nokuthi i-THC isebenza kanjani nezinye izindleko zasendaweni empilweni yangempela.
Izinsizakalo zeTopway zimboza lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha, kusukela ekuthatheni izimpahla emafektri noma ezindaweni zokugcina impahla kuya ekuzigcineni kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlanza amasiko kokubili lapho kuvela khona nalapho uya khona, kanye nokuziletha kumakhasimende akho okugcina noma ezikhungweni zokugcwalisa. I-Topway ingakusiza ukuthi ubone isithombe sezindleko eziphelele, kufaka phakathi i-THC, ngokuphatha nokuxhumanisa lonke uchungechunge. Ngale ndlela, ngeke kudingeke ubhekane namalungiselelo ahlukene lapho kungekho muntu onombono ophelele.
I-Topway inikeza izinsizakalo eziguquguqukayo zomthwalo ogcwele (i-FCL) kanye nomthwalo ongaphansi kwesitsha (i-LCL) wezimpahla zasolwandle ezivela eShayina ziya emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni jikelele. I-Topway ingakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi i-FCL noma i-LCL ingcono nini ebhizinisini lakho, ukuthi ulungele yini ama-container aphelele noma usathumela amancane. Bazobheka i-THC, amanani okuhlanganisa, isikhathi sokuhamba, kanye nezitayela zakho zokuthengisa.
I-Topway ingadala izixazululo ezikhethekile ze-logistics ezigcina izindleko zakho zeyunithi ngayinye zizinzile kubathengisi be-e-commerce abathumela e-US nakwezinye izimakethe ezibalulekile njalo. Lokhu kungasho ukwenza ngcono izindawo zokuhlanganisa, ukukhetha ama-terminal anezakhiwo ze-THC ezizinzile, nokudala amasiko asebenzayo kanye nemisebenzi yokugcina enciphisa ukubambezeleka, ukugwema izindleko zokugcina ezengeziwe, futhi kwenze kube lula ukuhlela izimali zakho.
Uma usebenza nenkampani efana neTopway Shipping, uthola iqembu elingagcini nje ngokwazi imithetho nezindleko ezisephepheni, kodwa futhi nendlela ezisebenza ngayo empilweni yangempela emachwebeni nasezikhumulweni.
Isiphetho
Isici esikhulu sezokuthutha zechweba zanamuhla yi-Terminal Handling Charge (THC). Kuyizindleko zokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda yechweba, imishini, kanye nabasebenzi ukudlulisa ama-container nezimpahla. Akuyona intengo "efihliwe" ngomqondo oqinile, kodwa kungaba nzima ukuyiqonda uma ifakiwe ezindlekweni zendawo noma lapho abathwali nabathumeli abahlukene besebenzisa amagama ahlukene ukuyichaza.
Kwabathumeli, ikakhulukazi labo abenza i-e-commerce ngaphesheya kwemingcele noma ukuhweba okuvamile kwamanye amazwe, ukwazi i-THC kubalulekile ekwenzeni izilinganiso zezindleko ezifanele kanye nezinqumo zamanani. Ungahlola izingcaphuno ngokuzethemba futhi uxoxisane kahle nabaphakeli namakhasimende uma wazi ukuthi i-THC ihlanganisani, ukuthi ihluke kanjani ekwehliseni intengo, ukubanjwa, kanye nezindleko zamaphepha, nokuthi ithinteka kanjani uhlobo lwesitsha, ichweba olikhethayo, kanye ne-Incoterms.
Inani le-THC emachwebeni nasezikhumulweni ezahlukene lingase lihluke kakhulu. Kodwa kufanele uhlale uzibheka ngokomongo wochungechunge lonke lokuhlinzeka. Amanani okuthutha olwandle, ezokuthutha zangaphakathi, amasiko, izindawo zokugcina impahla , kanye nokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina konke kuthinta i-THC nokuthi ugcina ukhokha malini. Ngezinye izikhathi, umzila one-THC eningi kodwa enokwethenjelwa okungcono kungaba ukukhetha okungcono kwebhizinisi.
Ekugcineni, indlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana ne-THC ukusebenzisana nomlingani wezokuthutha owazi imizila yakho yokuhweba kanye nesu lakho lebhizinisi futhi ovulekile futhi othembekile kuwe. Lapho inkampani yobungcweti efana ne-Topway Shipping inakekela ezokuthutha zakho kusukela endaweni osuka kuyo kuze kube yilapho uya khona, i-THC iba yinto eyaziwayo nephathekayo esikhundleni sokumangala okungathandeki ebhilini lakho.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Iyini ngempela i-Terminal Handling Charge (THC)?
A: Inkokhelo Yokuphatha I-Terminal iyintela ekhokhela ukuhambisa ama-container kanye nempahla endaweni yokugcina impahla. Ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuhambisa nokubeka izinto egcekeni, ukulayisha noma ukukhulula ama-container emikhunjini, kanye nezinqubo zokungena nokuphuma. Ekuthunyelweni kwe-FCL, i-THC ivame ukukhokhiswa yi-container, kanti ekuthunyelweni kwe-LCL, ivame ukukhokhiswa yiyunithi yevolumu noma isisindo.
Q: Kungani i-THC ikhokhiswa ngokwehlukana nempahla yolwandle?
A: I-THC ikhokhwa ngokwehlukana ngoba ihlobene nendlela izimpahla eziphathwa ngayo ezindaweni ezithile zokugcina impahla, hhayi indlela ezithunyelwa ngayo amabanga amade olwandle. Impahla yolwandle iyindleko yokuthumela izimpahla phakathi kwamachweba, kanti i-THC iyindleko yokusebenzisa izikhungo zezindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nezisebenzi zendawo ngaphambi nangemva kohambo lolwandle. Ngokuhlukanisa lezi zimali, abathwali kanye nezindawo zokugcina impahla bangashintsha amanani endawo ngaphandle kokushintsha amazinga ayisisekelo empahla.
U: Ubani onesibopho sokukhokha i-THC, umthengi noma umthengisi?
A: Ama-Incoterms asetshenziswe kwinkontileka yokuthengisa anquma ukuthi ubani ophethe i-THC. Ku-FOB, umhlinzeki uvame ukukhokha i-THC yokuqala kanti umthengi ukhokhela i-THC eya endaweni. Umthengi uvame ukukhokha i-THC kuzo zombili izinhlangothi uma esebenzisa i-EXW. Umthengisi kungadingeka akhokhe i-THC kokubili endaweni yokuqala kanye nendawo eya endaweni uma esebenzisa i-DAP noma i-DDP. Kubalulekile ukubhala phansi ukuthi ubani ophethe i-THC echwebeni ngalinye.
Q: Ingabe i-THC, ukunciphisa ijubane, kanye nokuboshwa kuyinto efanayo?
A: Cha, lezi yizinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zezindleko. I-THC iyindleko yokuthutha izitsha kanye nempahla ngesiteshi. I-Demurrage iyintengo yokugcina ekhokhwa uma isitsha sihlala esiteshini isikhathi eside kunesikhathi samahhala esigunyaziwe. Uma isitsha sigcinwe isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphandle kwesiteshi, uzojeziswa ngokuboshwa. Bonke abathathu bangabonakala ebhilidini lakho, kodwa bavela ezindaweni ezihlukene.
Q: Kungani amazinga e-THC ehluka kangaka phakathi kwamachweba?
A: Amanani e-THC ayahlukahluka ngoba isiteshi ngasinye kufanele sibhekane nezindleko zabasebenzi ezahlukene, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda, ithrafikhi, kanye nemithetho. Ngisho noma zisebenza kahle kakhulu, amachweba amakhulu, azenzakalelayo kakhulu emazweni athuthukile angase abe ne-THC enkulu ngoba abiza kakhulu ukuwasebenzisa. Amasiteshi amancane noma angathuthukisiwe kangako angakhokhisa i-THC encane, kodwa kungadingeka ulinde isikhathi eside noma ube senkingeni yokuba sekwephuzile kaningi.
U: Ngingawunciphisa kanjani umthelela we-THC ezindlekweni zami zonke zokuthutha?
A: Awukwazi ukugwema ngokuphelele i-THC, kodwa unganciphisa imiphumela yayo ngokukhetha i-Incoterms efanele, uthuthukise inani lokuthumela, nokuhlanganisa imithwalo lapho kufanele khona. Uma usebenza nenkampani yezokuthutha eseyikhona isikhathi eside, ingakusiza ukhethe amachweba, izinsizakalo, kanye nemizila ehlanganisa i-THC, amazinga okuthutha, kanye nokuthembeka okuvamile. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba sobala futhi uthembeke lapho unikeza izingcaphuno.
U: Ingabe i-THC isebenza kuphela ekuthunyelweni kwe-FCL, noma nasempahla ye-LCL?
A: I-THC isebenza kokubili ekuthunyelweni kwe-FCL kanye ne-LCL, kodwa izindleko zihlukile ngakunye. Ku-FCL, i-THC ivame ukuba yizinga elifanayo lesitsha ngasinye. Ku-LCL, i-THC iyingxenye yezindleko zokuphatha zasendaweni ezabelwana ngabathumeli abaningana futhi ziboniswa njengenkokhelo nge-CBM ngayinye noma ngethani lemali engenayo. I-THC izofakwa emananini endawo amakhulu okusuka kanye nendawo oya kuyo ezilinganisweni eziningi ze-LCL.
Q: Ingabe i-THC ike ifake intela noma intela yempahla ethengiswayo?
A: Cha, i-THC ayinazo izintela, njengentela yentela yempahla, intela yokungenisa impahla, noma intela yentengo eyengeziwe. Iziphathimandla zentela yempahla ziqoqa lezo zintela kuhulumeni. I-THC iyimali ekhokhwa yizikhungo zentela kanye nabathwali ngokuphatha izinsizakalo ezikhumulweni zezindiza. Inani kanye nohlobo lwemikhiqizo kusetshenziselwa ukuthola izindleko zentela yempahla kanye nezintela ngazinye.
U: Ingabe i-THC ingashintsha phakathi nonyaka ngemva kokuba ngivumile ngentengo?
A: I-THC ingashintsha lapho abathwali noma ama-terminal eshintsha amanani abo, okuyinto abayenzayo lapho izindleko zikhuphuka noma imithetho emisha iqala ukusebenza. Uma unenkontileka yesikhathi eside nenkampani yezokuthutha, ingasho ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuguqulwa kufanele lwenziwe kanjani. Empilweni yangempela, izinguquko ezincane ku-THC zenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa abahlinzeki abanekhono bazokwazisa nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu ezithinta ukuthunyelwa kwakho.
U: I-Topway Shipping ingangisiza kanjani ukuphatha i-THC ngempumelelo?
A: Kusukela ngo-2010, i-Topway Shipping ibilokhu igxile ekuthuthweni kwe-e-commerce okuwela imingcele futhi iyazi okuningi ngokuthunyelwa kwempahla phakathi kweShayina ne-US kanye neminye imizila ebalulekile yokuhweba. I-Topway ingakunikeza isithombe esiningiliziwe sazo zonke izindleko, kufaka phakathi i-THC, ngokuphatha lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha, kusukela esigabeni sokuqala sokuthutha kanye nokugcinwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuya ekususweni kwempahla kanye nokulethwa kwempahla okufika ekugcineni. Bangakusiza ukhethe amachweba afanele, amazinga esevisi, kanye nezindlela zokuthumela ukuze i-THC ibe yingxenye ebikezelwayo nelawulekayo yezindleko zakho zezokuthutha.