Kungani Abathumeli Bezinye Izimpahla Abaningi Beshiya Imithwalo Yasolwandle Yesitimela Esuka eShayina Iya e-Austria
Isingeniso
Ushintsho oluthule luyaqhubeka emigwaqweni yezokuthutha phakathi kweShayina neYurophu Ephakathi. Abathumeli abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abathumela impahla e-Austria, bahlola kabusha ukuthembela kwabo ekuthwaleni impahla yasolwandle futhi bashintshela kunethiwekhi yezitimela phakathi kweShayina neYurophu. Lokhu akuyona into engavamile ephazamisayo. Kuyisinyathelo esicatshangelwe kahle, esisekelwe idatha yemakethe, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu kweminyaka yamuva.
Inkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu eyaqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2023 yaze yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-2025 yasho ukuthi imikhumbi kwadingeka ithathe umzila omude weCape of Good Hope, yandisa isikhathi sokuhamba olwandle isuka eShayina iya emachwebeni aseYurophu ngezinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-45. Kwabe sekuba ukuminyana kwemikhumbi, ukuhamba ngemikhumbi okungenamuntu kanye nokwanda kwezindleko ezengeziwe. Kulabo abangenisa imikhumbi ababekhululekile ngemithwalo yasemanzini, lokhu kwakungeyona inkinga. Kodwa izintambo zabo zokuhambisa impahla zadalulwa. Kukulesi simo, lapho i-China-Europe Railway Express, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-CR Express noma i-New Silk Road, yavela khona hhayi njengenketho yesibili engcono kakhulu, kodwa njengenye indlela engenzeka futhi encintisanayo.
Imithwalo yesitimela phakathi kwe-China ne-EU ibuyele kakhulu ngo-2024. Ngonyaka odlule, kwasingathwa ama-TEU angu-380,434, akhuphuke ngo-80.2% kusukela ngo-2023. Imithwalo eya eNtshonalanga (eShayina kuya eYurophu) ikhuphuke ngo-130.8% yaya kuma-TEU angu-330,704. I-Austria imi endaweni enhle kakhulu kulo mhubhe okhulayo, ngemizila eya eSouth Terminal yaseVienna kanye namanethiwekhi ezitimela nemigwaqo yangaphakathi ezweni avela emasangweni abalulekile aseYurophu akhonza izwe ngokushesha. Le ndatshana ihlanganisa ukuthi kungani abangenisi bekwenza lokhu, nokuthi ngabe isitimela silungele yini imithwalo yakho.
Isimo Sezimpahla Zasolwandle: Kungani Abathumeli Bezimpahla Bekhungatheka
Ngokuhamba kwezentengiselwano phakathi kweShayina ne-Austria, ukuthutha ngolwandle bekulokhu kuyindlela ezenzakalelayo. Umnotho usobala. Imikhumbi emikhulu yama-container inikeza umthamo omkhulu ngezindleko eziphansi ngeyunithi ngayinye kanti ngemithwalo engaphuthumi, eningi, izinombolo cishe zihlala zikhetha ulwandle. Kodwa "cishe njalo" kwenza umsebenzi omningi kulowo musho.
Iminyaka emibili edlule ibilokhu iyisifundo mayelana nobuthakathaka bempahla yasolwandle. Ukuphazamiseka eSuez Canal kwashukumisela imikhumbi ukuba ihambe izungeze i-Afrika, kwanezela izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-14 zokuhamba phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu. Amanani empahla akhuphuka ngokuzumayo, futhi abangenisi bahlaselwa yizindleko ezengeziwe ze-TEU eziyi-$1,500 ngemizila eya e-EU. Amathuba okuvalwa kweHormuz ayaqhubeka nokuba sengozini yokuthunyelwa kwempahla yasolwandle kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kuka-2026, njengoba imakethe isalokhu ibiza ngokungaqinisekile.
I-Austria yenza lezi zinkinga zibe zimbi kakhulu. Njengezwe elivaliwe, imikhiqizo efika ngamanzi kumele iqale ifike echwebeni lase-Europe (isib. iHamburg, iRotterdam, i-Antwerp, iKoper noma iTrieste) bese ilethwa ngaphakathi ezweni ngeloli noma ngesitimela esiphakelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu ezengeziwe kanye nolunye ungqimba lokuxhumana olungahluleka. Ukulibaziseka kwechweba eHamburg kuholela ekubambezelekeni kwempahla yangaphakathi ezweni, indawo yokugcina impahla engatholakali kanye nokuphela kwempahla. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuhamba ngendlu ngendlu sempahla yasolwandle esuka eShayina iya e-Austria ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingu-35-45 nokuningi uma kukhona ukuphazamiseka.
Kwabangenisi bezimpahla ezithengiswayo ezithengiswayo, ukwethulwa kwemikhiqizo yesizini noma okokufaka kokukhiqiza ngesikhathi esifanele, lolu hlobo lokungabikezeleki alugcini nje ngokungathandeki – luyabiza kakhulu. Izindleko zokugcina impahla ngokuvamile zingu-20% kuya ku-35% wenani lempahla ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke njalo ngesonto ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kuhamba imali ephuma ngokufihla.
Indlela Ehlukile Yesitimela: Indlela Isitimela Esihamba Ngayo SaseShayina-Europe Sisebenza Ngayo
I-China-Europe Railway Express (CR Express) isihambe ibanga elide selokhu yasungulwa ngo-2013. Ekuqaleni kwakuyiphrojekthi yengqalasizinda eshukunyiswa yizepolitiki enezitimela ezixhaswe kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezingenazo izinsiza, manje isiyindlela yokuthutha impahla ephumelelayo ngokwezimali. Ngo-2024, uhambo lwaminyaka yonke lwanda lwaya ku-19,000, ukwanda kwezikhathi eziyi-10.4 kusukela ohambweni oluyi-1,702 ngo-2016, ngesilinganiso esicishe sibe yi-100% sezitsha ezigcwele.
Inethiwekhi ixhumanisa imizila emibili ebalulekile exhumanisa izikhungo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza zaseShayina njengeXi'an, Chengdu, Chongqing, Zhengzhou, Yiwu nezinye izindawo zaseYurophu. UMzila WaseNyakatho uhamba udlula eKazakhstan, eRussia naseBelarus uye e-EU, ikakhulukazi udlula emngceleni waseMalaszewicze ePoland. UMzila Ophakathi, noma uMzila Wezokuthutha Wamazwe Ngamazwe iTrans-Caspian (TITR), uyindlela ende kodwa ephephile ngokwendawo esukela eKazakhstan, uwele uLwandle iCaspian, udlula e-Azerbaijan naseGeorgia bese ungena eTurkey naseYurophu Ephakathi. I-South Terminal yaseVienna iyisiteshi esikhulu sokwamukela izimpahla eziya e-Austria, lapho i-OBB Rail Cargo Group, inkampani yesibili ngobukhulu yezimpahla zesitimela eYurophu, ilindele ukuthi amanani azokhuphuka kakhulu ngo-2024 nango-2025.
Izinketho Zomzila Nezikhathi Zokuthutha
Izikhathi zokuhamba zincike kakhulu edolobheni lapho kusukwa khona eShayina, umzila okhethiwe kanye nesivinini sokuvunyelwa kwentela. Lokhu kuqhathanisa okufushane kuka-2025-2026.
| road | Iphaseji | Isikhathi Sokuhamba (Itheminali kuya Kwetheminali) | amanothi |
| I-Xi'an → I-Vienna | ENyakatho (ngokudlula eRussia) | Izinsuku eziyi-14-18 | Eziningi sezisunguliwe; ingozi ethile yezepolitiki |
| I-Chongqing → I-Vienna | ENyakatho (ngokudlula eRussia) | Izinsuku eziyi-16-20 | Ukuhamba okuvame kakhulu |
| IsiYiwu → IVienna | Northern | Izinsuku eziyi-18-22 | Idumile ezimpahleni zabathengi |
| I-Xi'an → I-Vienna | Ephakathi (ngeCaspian) | Izinsuku eziyi-20-26 | Igwema iRussia; amandla akhulayo |
| IShanghai / iShenzhen → iVienna (ngolwandle + isitimela) | Isitimela sase-Ocean + Inland | Izinsuku eziyi-30-45 | Indlela yendabuko; eshibhile nge-kg |
Ukulethwa kwempahla endlini ngendlu emadolobheni ase-Austria afana neVienna, iGraz noma iLinz kuvame ukwenezela izinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4 ekubambezelekeni kokuphela kwempahla kuya ekugcineni. Ezigabeni eziningi zemikhiqizo, isitimela siletha izimpahla ezindaweni zokugcina impahla zase-Austria ezinsukwini eziyi-16 kuya kwezingama-25 - cishe ingxenye yesikhathi sempahla yolwandle.
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindleko: Ukuhlahlela Izinombolo
Isithombe sezindleko zesitimela uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpahla zasemanzini siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokuqhathanisa amanani nje. Ngokwesitsha, isitimela sibiza kakhulu - ngezinye izikhathi siphindwe kabili noma kathathu kunentengo yethikithi lezimpahla zasemanzini. Kodwa uma ubheka izindleko zokufika zizonke, igebe livaleka kakhulu.
| Imodi Yokuhambisa | Isikhathi Sokuthutha (Umnyango Nomnyango) | Isilinganiso se-FCL esingu-40ft (eShayina–e-Austria) | Isilinganiso se-LCL | Ukuthembeka |
| Impahla Yasolwandle (FCL) | Izinsuku eziyi-35-45 | $ 2,835- $ 3,465 | $85/cbm | Okumaphakathi (ukuphazamiseka okuvamile) |
| Izimpahla Zesitimela (FCL) | Izinsuku eziyi-18-28 | $ 6,048- $ 7,392 | $210–$280/cbm | Isilinganiso esiphezulu (90%+ ngesikhathi) |
| I-Air Freight | Izinsuku eziyi-5-10 | $3.8–$5/kg (~$30k+ ngokulingana kwe-FCL.) | N / A | Phezulu kakhulu |
Umthombo: I-Sino-Shipping (Mashi 2026), i-Goodhope Freight (2025), idatha yemakethe eqoqwe yithimba locwaningo lwe-Topway Shipping. Amanani ayabonisa futhi angashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka.
Kodwa njengoba ufaka ezindlekweni zokugcina impahla, isithombe siyashintsha. Ngokuthunyelwa okungu-$200,000, izinsuku ezingu-20 ezengeziwe zohambo lolwandle zinezindleko ezicatshangelwe ezingaba ngu-$2,700 kuya ku-$3,800 (uma sicabanga ukuthi izinga lokugcina lonyaka lingu-25%). Engeza iphrimiyamu yengozi yokulethwa sekwephuzile: ukukhushulwa okungaphumelelanga, ukuphela kwesitoko, ukuphinda kugcwaliswe emoyeni okuphuthumayo—futhi izindleko zokufika zempahla yolwandle zivame ukwedlula izinga elicashuniwe ngenani elikhulu.
Isitimela sisenezinzuzo zezindleko kunezomoya ezinqumayo. Uma kungathatha izinsuku ezingama-40, isitimela siyindlela yemvelo yanoma yini engakwazi ukulinda futhi engadingi ukukhokha amanani omoya angama-$5 ngekhilogram—cishe ashibhile ngo-60–70% kunezimpahla zomoya ngeyunithi ngayinye. Yingakho izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, izingubo, izingxenye zezimoto kanye nezimpahla zabathengi zenani eliphezulu ziye zatheleka emzileni wesitimela.
Yimuphi Umthwalo Ofaneleka Kakhulu Wesitimela?
Okunye ukuthunyelwa akufanelekile ezitimeleni. Indawo enhle yale ndlela yizimpahla ezishesha kakhulu ukuthwala imithwalo yolwandle kodwa ezingaphuthumi kakhulu noma ezinenani eliphezulu ngekhilogremu ukuze zivumele umoya. Ngokwezinto ezingokoqobo, lokhu kuhlanganisa izindawo eziningi nezikhulayo.
I-elekthronikhi kanye nezingxenye - amabhodi wesekethe, izikrini, ama-smartphone, ubuchwepheshe babathengi - kube phakathi kokuqala ukusebenzisa izitimela, ngoba isilinganiso sazo senani nesisindo senza ukuthutha ngendiza kubize kakhulu kodwa isikhathi sazo sokuphelelwa yisikhathi kanye nemijikelezo yokufunwa kwenza ukuhamba kolwandle kwezinsuku ezingu-40 kube yingozi. Imishini kanye nemishini kagesi (amakhodi e-HS 84 kanye no-85) kwakuyisigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke ekuthuthweni kwezitimela eziya entshonalanga ngo-2024 ngamaphesenti angu-30.
Ubuningi bezingxenye zezimoto nezingxenye zezimoto bukhule ngo-2024, bukhula ngo-192% baba ama-TEU angu-31,304. Imikhiqizo exhunywe kumjikelezo wokukhushulwa kwezitolo njengefenisha, izingubo zokulala kanye nemishini yokukhanyisa ikhuphuke ngo-182.7% emzileni ofanayo, inzima, inenani elifanele. Izingubo beziphakathi kwezigaba ezikhula ngokushesha kakhulu esitimela saseShayina-Europe, zikhula ngo-268.4% ngo-2024. Izingubo nezindwangu kudingeka zifike emafasiteleni esizini.
| Isigaba se-Cargo | Ukukhula Kwesitimela Sonyaka Ka-2024 (iShayina → i-EU) | Kungani Isitimela Sisebenza |
| Imishini Nemishini Kagesi | ~130% (okuphezulu ku-30% yevolumu) | Inani eliphakeme, elibucayi ekubambezelekeni |
| Izimoto Nezingxenye Zezimoto | +192% kuya kuma-TEU angu-31,304 | Izidingo zokukhiqiza ze-JIT |
| Izingubo, Izindwangu Nezicathulo | + 268.4% | Amafasitela esizini, inani eliphakathi |
| Ifenisha, Izinto Zokulala Nokukhanyisa | + 182.7% | Kukhulu; kudlula kakhulu izindleko zomoya |
| Ezemithi Namadivayisi Ezokwelapha | Ukukhulisa (kuyatholakala izinqola ezilawulwa isikhathi sokushisa) | Izidingo zokuthobela imithetho + isivinini |
Izinto zokusetshenziswa, izimpahla ezinkulu zezimboni kanye nemikhiqizo emikhulu engeyona eyesizini lapho izindleko zokuphatha impahla zishibhile futhi isikhathi sokuya emakethe singeyona inkinga zisafaneleka kangcono ekuthwaleni impahla yasolwandle. Inzuzo yokuthutha impahla yasolwandle inkulu kakhulu ukuba inganqotshwa.
I-Geopolitics kanye Nengqalasizinda: Kungani Ukuthembeka Kwesitimela Kuthuthuka
Ukuqala kwempi yeRussia ne-Ukraine ngo-2022 kwaletha ingozi yezepolitiki ngendlela yokuthembela endaweni yaseRussia neBelarus, okunye kokugxekwa komlando kwesitimela saseShayina neYurophu. Lokho kwakuwukwesaba okufanelekile futhi kwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwevolumu ngo-2022 nango-2023. Kodwa imakethe isabela ngendlela eyakhayo: intuthuko esheshayo yeMiddle Corridor.
Wonke amazwe ezokuthutha atshale imali eningi emzileni iTrans-Caspian, odlula eKazakhstan, oLwandle iCaspian, eAzerbaijan, eGeorgia naseTurkey. ITurkey, iAzerbaijan ne-Uzbekistan zitshale imali ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda. I-OBB Rail Cargo Group, ebilokhu inokuxhumana okuqondile neShayina kusukela ngo-2008, ishintshe ukugxila kwayo eMiddle Corridor ngemuva kobunzima obubangelwe yi-Ukraine futhi yabika ukwanda okuphindwe kabili komthamo ngo-2024 nango-2025. Ibhizinisi lihlela futhi ukwandisa umthamo wokuphatha amakhonteyina eSouth Terminal yaseVienna ngo-2027, okuyisitatimende esicacile sokuqiniseka ngesidingo sesikhathi eside.
Umthamo wamachweba asemngceleni ohlangothini lwaseShayina ukhuliswe kakhulu. Izindawo ezinhlanu ezinkulu zokuwela - i-Alashankou, i-Horgos, i-Erenhot, i-Manzhouli kanye ne-Suifenhe - manje sezingakwazi ukuphatha ukushintshana kwezitimela okufika ku-184 ngosuku, okwenyuke ngo-45% kusukela emazingeni ka-2016. Uhlelo olusha lwechweba ledijithali lusho ukuthi amaphepha entela angacutshungulwa kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokuba izitimela zifike emngceleni, okunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuhlanza. Umphumela uba umzila oye waba othembekile kakhulu, futhi ongathinteki kakhulu uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwendawo eyodwa okwakuyihlupha eminyakeni edlule.
Imakethe yezimpahla zesitimela esezingeni eliphezulu phakathi kweShayina neYurophu ilinganiselwa ku-$16 billion ngo-2025 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$31.44 billion ngo-2030, okubhalisa izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka elingu-14.46%. Lena akuyona indlela entsha. Lena yindlela yokuthutha impahla eseyivele ikhona futhi ivuthwa ngokushesha.
Ukuzinza: Indaba Yezemvelo Yesitimela
Impahla yesitimela ithwala iprimiyamu yemvelo ngaphezu kwezindleko nesivinini okubaluleke kakhulu kubathumeli abasebenza ngaphansi kweziqondiso ze-ESG noma abahlinzeka abathengi baseYurophu abahlaziya izinyathelo zekhabhoni. Ngamabanga alinganayo, isitimela sikhiqiza i-CO2 encane kakhulu ngethani-khilomitha kunempahla yomoya noma yolwandle. Isisekelo seyunithi ngayinye.
Ikakhulukazi kubathumeli base-Austria, isinqumo sokuya ngesitimela esikhundleni somoya akuyona nje isu lokunciphisa ikhabhoni, kodwa ngokuvamile siyinto ebalulekile ebhizinisini. Ubulungu be-EU base-Austria busho imithetho ezayo mayelana nokudalulwa kwekhabhoni kanye ne-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) izoqhubeka nokuphakamisa izingqinamba zezinqumo zezokuthutha. Izinkampani ezingabonisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kokukhishwa okuphansi zizoba nethuba lokuncintisana ekuthengweni kwe-B2B kanye nokubekwa endaweni ebhekene nabathengi. Isitimela sesivele sishibhile kunomoya futhi sishesha kunolwandle, kodwa futhi siba ukukhetha okuluhlaza emakethe okuvuza kakhulu lowo mehluko.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Okusekela Ngayo Umzila Wesitimela Osuka E-China Usiya E-Austria
Ukuthola indawo esitimeleni sezimpahla ukuze usebenzise umzila wesitimela phakathi kweShayina neYurophu akusanele. Ukuthobela imithetho yamasiko ezindaweni eziningana, ukuhlukaniswa kwekhodi ye-HS efanele ngaphansi kwemithetho yamasiko ye-EU, ukubopha kwamasiko kanye nezimfuneko ze-EORI, kanye nokuxhumana okuhamba phambili ngaphakathi e-Austria kuyizingxenye eziningi ezihambayo. Ukuphathwa okungalungile kwalokhu kungathumela ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwendlela. Yilapho umlingani othembekile we-3PL edlala khona indima.
Selokhu yavulwa ibhizinisi ngo-2010, i-Topway Shipping eseShenzhen yakha idumela layo ngalolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe obuvela komunye nomunye. I-Topway yasungulwa yithimba elineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 ekuphathweni kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokususwa kwempahla yamasiko, futhi inokuqonda okuphelele kwamadokhumenti, ukuhambisana nomthetho kanye nobudlelwano bokuthwala impahla obuyisisekelo sokusebenza ngempumelelo kwempahla phakathi kwe-China ne-Europe.
I-China-US ibilokhu iyikhono eliyinhloko le-Topway Shipping. Amakhono ale nkampani ngokwemvelo afinyelela emakethe yaseYurophu, ahlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kokuqala, ukugcinwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ukususwa kwempahla yamasiko kanye nokulethwa kwempahla okuhamba ibanga elide. I-Topway inikeza izixazululo eziguquguqukayo kubathumeli base-Austria ngempahla yolwandle ye-FCL kanye ne-LCL evela eShayina eya emachwebeni amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi amasango abalulekile aseYurophu asetshenziswa njengezindawo zokuthutha zangaphakathi nezwe e-Austria. Ithimba labo lingakha izixazululo zezindlela eziningi: isitimela esivela ngaphakathi nezwe laseShayina siye esikhungweni saseYurophu bese sihlela ukulethwa kwangaphakathi nezwe eVienna, Graz noma eLinz.
Abathumeli be-Topway babhekana nokuphazamiseka kwamanani okusobala (akukho zindleko ezengeziwe zikaphethiloli ezifihliwe noma amanani okuya endaweni engalindelekile) kanye nokuxhumana okusebenzayo ngesimo sezimpahla njengoba ziwela imingcele. Ezinkampanini ezintsha emzileni wesitimela wase-China-Europe, ubuchwepheshe be-Topway ezindabeni zamasiko bubaluleke kakhulu, i-Austria ilandela imithetho yamasiko ye-EU futhi ukuthola ikhodi ye-HS, inani lamasiko kanye nezimemezelo ze-VAT zokungenisa zilungile ekuqaleni kuwumehluko phakathi kokususwa okubushelelezi nokubambezeleka okubizayo.
Isiphetho
Ukushintsha kusuka olwandle kuya kojantshi wesitimela ngenxa yokungenisa impahla phakathi kweChina ne-Austria akuyona into eyenzeka ngenxa yesimanje. Lokhu kuyimpendulo enengqondo ochungechungeni lwezinguquko zesakhiwo: ukuqhubeka kokuguquguquka kwempahla yolwandle, ingqalasizinda yesitimela ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuthembeka, ukwanda kwezigaba zemikhiqizo ezifanelana nephrofayili yezindleko zesitimela zesivinini, kanye nokubaluleka okwandayo kokubikezela kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ezinkampanini zase-Austria ezincintisana emakethe ye-EU.
Ukuthutha ngesitimela kusuka eShayina kuya e-Austria akunakwenzeka kuzo zonke izimpahla ezithunyelwayo. Ukuthutha ngesitimela olwandle esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo kuzoba yindawo yezimpahla ezinkulu kanye nokugcwalisa kabusha impahla engaphuthumi. Ngaphandle kwezinto zikagesi, izingubo, izingxenye zezimoto, kanye nezinto zabathengi lapho isikhathi sibalulekile kanye nezindleko zendiza ziphakeme khona, i-China-Europe Railway Express iyisinqumo esikhangayo ngempela, esithuthuka minyaka yonke njengoba ingqalasizinda ivuthwa futhi umthamo ukhula.
Amaqiniso emakethe ngokuqinisekile ayawusekela lo mbono. Akuyona futhi ubufakazi obungacacile, njengoba ama-TEU angu-380,434 aqhutshwa emzileni wesitimela wase-China-EU ngo-2024. Lokho kungukukhuphuka ngo-80.2% unyaka nonyaka kanti i-OBB ibika inani eliphindwe kabili emzileni waseVienna kuphela. I-New Silk Road ayisona nje isitatimende sezwe, kodwa ingqalasizinda yokusebenza yezokuthutha engasetshenziswa abathumeli base-Austria namuhla ngendlela engokoqobo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumthumeli wezimpahla okokuqala ngqa ohlola ezinye izindlela zakho noma umphathi wezokuthutha onolwazi ohlola kabusha indlela yakho yokuhlukanisa ngokwesimo sobunzima bezimpahla zasolwandle muva nje, isitimela esivela eShayina siya e-Austria sifanelwe ukunakwa okukhulu. Lapho umlingani wezimpahla ofanele ephatha ubunzima, kungakhuphula kakhulu ukuqina kweketanga lakho lokuhlinzeka, kunciphise izindleko zakho zokufika futhi kuyise izimpahla zakho emakethe ngokushesha.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ngempela ukuthutha imithwalo yesitimela esuka eShayina iya e-Austria, umnyango nomnyango?
A: Ukuhamba ukusuka esiteshini kuya esiteshini ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-14 kuya kwezingu-22 kuye ngokuthi idolobha elihambayo kanye nohlelo lohambo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthathwa eShayina kanye nokulethwa kokugcina ngaphakathi e-Austria. Hlela izinsuku ezingu-18-28 sezizonke. Lokhu kungcono kunezinsuku ezingu-35-45 zokuthutha ngomkhumbi ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile kanye nezinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-45 uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka kolwandle ngokuthatha umzila omusha ngeCape of Good Hope.
Q: Ingabe imithwalo yesitimela esuka eShayina iya e-Austria ibiza kakhulu kunemithwalo yemikhumbi?
A: Yebo, cishe izindleko ze-FCL sea shipment eziphindwe kabili kuya kathathu, ngesitsha ngasinye. Kodwa uma ufaka izimali zokubamba impahla, amaphrimiyamu abeka engcupheni ukubambezeleka kwe-sea shipment, kanye nenzuzo yokungadingi ukundiza ngezimpahla eziphuthumayo, izindleko zokufika zesitimela zivamile ukuncintisana ngezimpahla ezithinta isikhathi noma ezinenani eliphezulu.
Q: Yiziphi izimpahla ezifanelekela kakhulu umzila wesitimela phakathi kweChina ne-Austria?
A: Izinto zikagesi, izingubo, izingxenye zezimoto, ifenisha yesizini noma yokukhangisa kanye nemikhiqizo yabathengi ngokuvamile ifanelana kahle kakhulu. Isitimela sikhanga kakhulu uma umkhiqizo uyigugu kakhulu noma uzwela isikhathi ukuthunyelwa ngolwandle, kodwa ungenalo inani elanele ngekhilo ngalinye ukuze kuvunyelwe izindleko zokuthutha ngendiza.
Q: Ingabe ingxabano phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine iyakuthinta ukuthunyelwa kwezitimela phakathi kweShayina ne-Austria?
A: Umzila WaseNyakatho odlula eRussia usavuliwe, kodwa abanye abahlinzeki bomshuwalense basebenzisa imigomo yengozi yempi. UMzila Ophakathi onqamula eKazakhstan, uLwandle iCaspian kanye neTurkey awukho nhlobo eRussia futhi ube nokwanda okukhulu kwamandla kusukela ngo-2022. Zombili ziyatholakala futhi umthumeli wakho wezimpahla angakunikeza iseluleko sokuthi yikuphi okufanelekela kangcono iphrofayili yakho yengozi.
Q: Yiziphi izidingo zentela ezisebenza ezimpahleni ezifika e-Austria ngesitimela?
A: Ingabe i-Austria iyayilalela imithetho yentela ye-EU? Yebo, i-Austria iboshiwe yi-Union Customs Code ye-EU. Abangenisi badinga inombolo ye-EORI, ukuhlukaniswa kwekhodi ye-HS efanele, isimemezelo esifanele senani lentela yentela kanye nefayela le-VAT yokungenisa. Ukubambisana nomthumeli wemithwalo onolwazi ophatha ukuvunyelwa kwentela ye-EU, njenge-Topway Shipping, kunciphisa ukubambezeleka kanye nezijeziso ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa namaphutha omngenisi wokuqala.
