Pehea e hoʻololi hou ai ke kaʻaahi Yiwu-Madrid i ke kālepa Kina-Sepania
Introduction
Ua haʻalele kekahi kaʻaahi ukana i ke kahua kaʻaahi ʻo Yiwu West ma ka moku ʻo Zhejiang, Kina, ma Nowemapa 18, 2014. E lawe ana ia i 82 mau pahu maʻamau o nā ukana liʻiliʻi i Madrid, Sepania. He kakaikahi ka poʻe i manaʻo e lilo kēia haʻalele liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi o nā ala logistical koʻikoʻi o ke kenekulia 21. ʻO ke kaʻaahi ʻo Yiwu-Madrid, i ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Yixin'ou (YXE), ua hana ʻo ia ma mua o 1,800 mau huakaʻi a puni, ua lawe i 145,500 mau pahu o nā ukana, a ua lawe mai i ka waiwai ukana ma mua o $8 biliona ma ke ala wale nō.
Me ka lōʻihi o 13,052 kilomita ma waena o ʻewalu mau ʻāina - Kina, Kazakhstan, Rusia, Belarus, Polani, Kelemānia, Palani, a me Sepania - ʻo ia ke alahao ukana lōʻihi loa o ka honua. ʻAʻole ia he ala wale nō e hele ai. He mea hana ola ia no ka diplomasia kālepa, ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kaulahao lako, a me ka hoʻohui waiwai ma waena o ka hoʻokele waiwai lua o ka honua a me kekahi o nā mākeke ikaika loa o ʻEulopa. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o kāna hana, kāna mea e lawe ai, a me kona manaʻo no nā ʻoihana he ʻike koʻikoʻi ia no kekahi e hana ana ma ke kālepa palena ʻāina.
Ke Alanui ma kahi Nānā: ʻIke Honua a me nā Hana
Haʻalele ke kaʻaahi mai Yiwu, he kūlanakauhale kalana ma ka Panalāʻau ʻo Zhejiang kahi i loaʻa ai ka mākeke kūʻai nui loa o ka honua no nā waiwai liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o kēlā, hele ia i ke komohana ʻākau ma o ke keʻa palena ʻo Alataw Pass ma Xinjiang a i Kazakhstan. Mai laila mai, hele ia ma waena o Rusia, Belarus, Polani, Kelemānia, a me Palani ma mua o ke komo ʻana i Sepania a hōʻea i ke kahua hoʻokele kaʻaahi ʻo Abronigal ma Madrid. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huakaʻi ma mua o 13,000 kilomita a he 16 a 18 mau lā paha, ma muli o ka manawa o ka makahiki a me nā kaʻina hana palena. ʻO kēia ka hapalua o ka manawa ma mua e hoʻouna ai i nā waiwai i Ningbo, a laila i Valencia ma ke kai, a ma hope loa i Madrid ma ke alanui a i ʻole ke kaʻaahi, kahi i hala he 35 a 40 mau lā.
ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia logistical me kēia laina, ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ana. Hoʻohana ʻo Kina, Polani, a me ʻEulopa Komohana i ke ana maʻamau (1,435 mm), ʻoiai ʻo Kazakhstan, Rusia, a me Belarus e hana ana ma ke ana ākea o Rūsia (1,520 mm), a hoʻohana mau ʻo Sepania i ke ana Iberian ākea (1,668 mm), ʻoiai ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa mālie ʻia nā ʻōnaehana wikiwiki a me nā ukana. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ma nā keʻa palena koʻikoʻi, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ipu i nā bogies like ʻole. Ua maʻalahi loa kēia kaʻina hana i nā makahiki, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa ma mua o nā ala ana hoʻokahi.
Hoʻokele nui ʻia nā hana kaʻaahi e Yiwu Tianmeng Industrial Investment Co., Ltd. a ua hoʻonohonoho pū ʻia me China Railway Shanghai Group. Ma ka makahiki 2024, hana ka YXE ma mua o 1,100 mau huakaʻi hele a puni i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma kāna mau ala āpau, mai 23 wale nō i ka makahiki 2014. Ke holo nei ka laina kikoʻī no Madrid i nā manawa he nui i ka pule, a mai ka pūnaewele ukana holoʻokoʻa o Yiwu ma waena o Kina a me ʻEulopa, pili nā laina lālā 18 i nā kūlanakauhale he 160 ma 50 mau ʻāina a me nā ʻāpana ma Eurasia.
Nā Helu Alanui Koʻikoʻi
| aiao | Details |
| Huina mamao | 13,052 km (ke ala kaʻaahi ukana lōʻihi loa o ka honua) |
| Nā ʻĀina i hele ʻia | Kina, Kazakhstan, Rusia, Belarus, Polani, Kelemānia, Palani, Sepania |
| Manawa Kaʻahele | 16–18 lā (vs. 35–40 lā ma ke kai) |
| Nā Huakaʻi Makahiki (2024) | 1,100+ (pūnaewele Yiwu-ʻEulopa); 1,800 huakaʻi hele a puni ma Yiwu-Madrid mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana |
| Nā Pahu i Lawe ʻia (huina) | 670,000+ TEU mai Yiwu (nā ala āpau); 145,500 TEU ma ke ala ʻo Madrid |
| Ka Waiwai Ukana Hōʻuluʻulu (ala Madrid) | Ma luna o $8 biliona USD mai ka makahiki 2014 |
| Ka Alapine (Pono) Makahiki i ka Hoʻomaka ʻana (2014) | 23 mau kaʻaahi i kēlā me kēia makahiki |
| Nā Kulanakauhale i Hoʻopili ʻia (pūnaewele YXE) | 160+ mau kūlanakauhale ma 50+ mau ʻāina |
He aha nā mea ma luna o ke kaʻaahi: He ʻano ukana e loli nei
I ka haʻalele ʻana o ke kaʻaahi mua ʻo Yiwu-Madrid i ka makahiki 2014, ua lawe nui ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa e like me nā socks, nā mea pāʻani, nā mea hoʻonaninani Kalikimaka, nā lole, a me nā mea hale plastik. ʻO kēia nā ʻano mea maʻamau i kaulana ai ʻo Yiwu. ʻO ia kekahi hapa o ka hui ʻana, akā ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ke ʻano o ka ukana i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala. I ka makahiki 2024, ua ulu ka nui o nā ʻano waiwai i hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia mai kahi o 10,000 a i kahi o 50,000, a ua piʻi ka waiwai o nā waiwai i hoʻouna ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai $92 miliona a i $2.62 biliona.
I kēia lā, lawe nā kaʻaahi mai Yiwu a i ke komohana i nā mea like ʻole, e like me nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā hāmeʻa home akamai, nā panela solar, nā kaʻa uila, nā mīkini a me nā lako, a me nā lako hale a me nā mea hana hale hou aku. ʻAʻole kēia nā mea liʻiliʻi makepono a ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo ai; ʻo ia nā hopena o ka hana ʻana o Kina, kahi e hoʻokūkū nei ma ke ʻano maikaʻi a me ke kumukūʻai ma nā mākeke ʻEulopa. ʻO ke kaʻaahi e hele ana i ka hikina mai Madrid ua lilo i ala paʻa no nā waiwai Sepania a me ʻEulopa kiʻekiʻe e komo i ka mākeke mea kūʻai papa waena e ulu nei o Kina.
Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā Ukana ma ke Kuhikuhi
| kuhikuhi ana | Māhele Huahana Nui | Nā Kikoʻī Koʻikoʻi |
| Komohana (Kina → Sepania/ʻEulopa) | Mea uila & ʻāpana kaʻa | Nā lako akamai, nā ʻāpana EV, nā panela solar |
| Komohana (Kina → Sepania/ʻEulopa) | Consumer waiwai | Nā lole, nā mea pāʻani, nā lako hale, nā mea hoʻonaninani Kalikimaka |
| Komohana (Kina → Sepania/ʻEulopa) | Nā waiwai ʻoihana | Nā mīkini, nā lako, nā mea hana hale |
| Hikina (Sepania/ʻEulopa → Kina) | Mea ʻai & mea inu | ~1.5 miliona ʻōmole waina ʻulaʻula/makahiki; ʻaila ʻoliva, hāma Iberian |
| Hikina (Sepania/ʻEulopa → Kina) | Mālama pilikino a me nā mea hoʻonani | Mālama ʻili, nā mea ʻala, nā huahana olakino |
| Hikina (Sepania/ʻEulopa → Kina) | Nā waiwai kūikawā | Wai mineral, biscuits, mea inu palupalu, nā lako kīhini |
He mea nui ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hui ʻana o nā ukana no ka mea e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka pilina kālepa ma waena o nā ʻāina ʻelua. Ua loli nui nā mea i hoʻokuʻu aku ai ʻo Sepania i Kina. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi mea kālepa ma ka Yiwu International Trade Market nāna i lawe mai i ka waina Sepania a me ka ʻaila ʻoliva no nā makahiki he nui ua ulu nui ka nui o nā waiwai Sepania i loaʻa ma Yiwu a ua hāʻule nā kumukūʻai ma mua o 30% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ukana kai nā kumukūʻai ma mua o ke au kaʻaahi. ʻO ka papa hana hoʻouna wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka wānana ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi nā huahana meaʻai hou a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi kālā no nā mea lawe mai ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
Ka Hopena Kālepa: Ma nā Helu
ʻO ka ʻikepili kālepa ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaopopo ai i nā loli waiwai i hana ʻia e ka loulou kaʻaahi ʻo Yiwu-Madrid. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawelawe i ka makahiki 2014, ua kālepa ʻo Yiwu lāua ʻo Sepania ma kahi o $400 miliona o nā waiwai a me nā lawelawe i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka makahiki 2022, ua ulu kēlā helu i $870 miliona - he piʻi 118% i loko o ʻewalu mau makahiki wale nō. I ka manawa like, ua ikaika aʻe ke kālepa ʻana o Kina me Sepania holoʻokoʻa, a ʻo ka pilina kaʻaahi he hōʻailona ia o kēlā ulu ʻana a he ala hoʻi e hoʻokō ai.
I nā hapaha mua ʻekolu o 2024, ua hōʻea ka huina o nā ukana i lawe ʻia mai Yiwu i 58.79 biliona yuan (ma kahi o $8.05 biliona), he piʻi makahiki-ma-makahiki o 20.3%, e like me ka ʻikepili o ka General Administration of Customs. Ua hana ka pūnaewele kaʻaahi ukana Kina-ʻEulopa ma mua o 19,000 mau huakaʻi i ka makahiki 2024, e neʻe ana ma mua o 1.9 miliona TEU. Ua hoʻohui ka pūnaewele Yiwu ma mua o 98,000 TEU i nā mahina ʻewalu mua o 2023 wale nō, ʻo ia hoʻi he piʻi 12.5% mai ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala.
Ka Papa Hana Hoʻonui Kālepa: Yiwu–Sepania
| Makahiki | Waiwai Kālepa ʻElua ʻaoʻao | Nā Huakaʻi Kaʻaahi Makahiki (Yiwu–ʻEulopa) | Ka Waiwai Ukana (Pūnaewele Yiwu-ʻEulopa) |
| 2014 | $ 400 miliona | 23 | $ 92 miliona |
| 2018 | ~$600 miliona (kuhikuhi) | ~400+ | ~$800 miliona (kuhikuhi) |
| 2022 | $ 870 miliona | 1,000 + | ~$1.8 biliona (kuhikuhi) |
| 2024 | Ke ulu nei (ʻikepili dute) | 1,100 + | $ 2.62 ieeeea? |
Ua hoʻololi pū ke kaʻaahi i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana ma Kina, ʻaʻole wale ka nui o ke kālepa. Aia ma mua o 18,000 mau mākeke Kina ma Sepania, me ka ʻoi aku o 60% o kā lākou huahana i loaʻa mai Yiwu. ʻO kēia hoʻohui hohonu ʻana, ʻaʻole wale ke kaʻaahi e hoʻoneʻe ana i ka ukana - ke mālama nei ia i kahi ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me ka waena e hilinaʻi nei i ka hilinaʻi a me ka pono o ke kumukūʻai o kaʻa kaʻaahi e mālama i kā lākou mau kaulahao hoʻolako.
Kaʻaahi vs. Kai vs. Ea: Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i nā kūkaʻi
ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui loa a nā mea hoʻouna ukana e noʻonoʻo ai i ke koho ʻana i ke ala Yiwu-Madrid pehea e kūʻē ai i nā ala ʻē aʻe e lawe ai i nā waiwai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. He paʻakikī ka pane a hilinaʻi nui ia i ke ʻano o ka ukana, pehea ka wikiwiki e pono ai ke lawe ʻia, a me ke kumukūʻai.
ʻO ke ala maʻamau loa no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea mai Kina a i Sepania, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ala e emi ai ke kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka nui o nā ukana. He 25 a 35 mau lā no kahi ipu e hele ai mai Ningbo a i ʻole Shanghai a i Valencia, ma muli o ka nui o ka hana o nā awa a me ka manawa o ka makahiki. Kaʻa mokulele hiki ke lawe i nā huahana i loko o 5 a 7 mau lā, ʻoiai ʻo ka maʻamau he 4 a 6 mau manawa ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ke kaʻaahi. He koho maikaʻi loa ke kaʻaahi no ka mea he hapalua ka lōʻihi o ka lawe ʻana ma mua o ka ukana kai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka ukana ea, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lohi ʻana e ka ʻino a i ʻole ke kūpikipikiʻi o ke awa, ka mea i hoʻoulu i nā pilikia no nā ala moana i ka wā ma mua.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻano: Ukana Kina-Sepania
| ano | Manawa Kaʻahele | Uku Pili | pono | Kāpena Carbon | Nā mea maikaʻi loa |
| Kaʻaahi (Yiwu–Madrid) | 16-18 mau lā | Medium | Kiʻekiʻe (nā papa manawa paʻa) | Lōpū haʻahaʻa | Nā waiwai kūpono waena, nā mea palekana i ka manawa a ʻaʻole e palaho |
| Ke Kuhi Kai | 30-40 mau lā | Low | Waena (ka pilikia o ke aniau/awa) | Low | Nā waiwai nui, kaumaha, haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai |
| Air Freight | 5-7 mau lā | Loaʻa | Loaʻa | Loaʻa | Waiwai kiʻekiʻe, hoʻouna wikiwiki |
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻaahi no ke kaiapuni ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Luis Planas, ke Kuhina no ka Mahiʻai, ka Lawaiʻa a me ka Meaʻai o Sepania, ma kahi ninaninau i ka makahiki 2024, ʻo ke kahua kaʻaahi o ka Belt and Road Initiative he 'hana maikaʻi loa ia mai kahi manaʻo logistical' a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia he ʻoi aku ka aloha i ke kaiapuni ma mua o ka halihali moana a me ka lewa ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kēlā me kēia ton-kilomita. I ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā koi ESG ma waena o nā kaulahao lako ʻEulopa, e lilo kēia ʻano i mea nui no nā mea lawe mai a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku e ʻike pono ana i ka hoʻokō.
ʻO Geopolitics a me ke kūpaʻa o ke Alanui
ʻAʻohe ala kalepa nui i loko o kahi hakahaka geopolitical, a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ke ala Yiwu-Madrid. Mai ka wā i piʻi ai ke kaua ma waena o Rusia a me Ukraine i ka makahiki 2022, ua piʻi aʻe nā hopohopo e pili ana i ke ola o ke alahaka kaʻaahi ʻākau e hele ana ma waena o ka ʻāina ʻo Rusia a me Belarusian. Ua nānā kekahi mau ʻoihana ukana e hana ana ma waena o Kina a me ʻEulopa i nā ala ʻē aʻe, e like me ke Alanui Kaʻahele Honua Trans-Caspian (TITR), i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ke Alanui Waena. Hele kēia ala ma Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, a me Turkey ma kahi o Rusia.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻike ka ala Yiwu-Madrid i ka ikaika nui. Ua kuhikuhi nā mea hana a me nā loea logistics e hana mau ana ke alaloa ʻākau ma o Rusia a me Belarus, a ʻo nā pilikia kūpono o ke Alanui Waena - me nā palena o ka hiki ke lawe i nā moku ma ke Kai Caspian, nā hoʻouna ʻana he nui, a me nā ʻōnaehana kaʻaahi i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia ma kekahi mau ʻāpana - ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻoneʻe i ke alaloa ʻākau i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka nui. ʻOiai kēlā, ʻo ka diversification kahi mea nui loa, a ʻo 2025 kahi makahiki nui no nā pilina Kina-ʻEulopa. ʻO ia ka makahiki 50 o ka pilina EU-Kina a me ka makahiki 20 o ka laulima hoʻolālā piha o Kina-Sepania.
Ua hoʻoikaika ʻo Yao Jing, ke ʻelele Kina ma Sepania, i ke koʻikoʻi o ka "paʻa o ke kumumanaʻo" no nā ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana ma nā lāhui ʻelua. No nā mea hoʻouna ukana, ʻo kēia ʻōnaehana diplomatika ke ʻano hiki iā lākou ke manaʻo e holo pinepine ka kaʻaahi Yiwu-Madrid, ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi, a lawe i kahi ākea o nā waiwai i ka wā e hana ana nā aupuni ʻelua e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pilina hoʻokele waiwai.
Nā Paʻakikī a me nā manawa i mua
ʻOiai ua ulu nui ke ala ʻo Yiwu-Madrid, aia nō kekahi mau pilikia hana nui. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana o ke kūkaʻi ʻana i nā ana ma nā keʻa palena, kahi e lōʻihi ai kēlā me kēia huakaʻi a paʻakikī hoʻi e hoʻolālā. ʻOiai ua hoʻomaikaʻi mālie ʻia kēia, he palena mau ia o kahi ala e hele ana ma waena o ʻekolu mau ʻōnaehana ana o ke kaʻaahi.
ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā pahu hau. ʻO Sepania kekahi o nā mea hoʻopuka nui loa o ka honua i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu hou, akā i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole lawa nā pahu hau o ke kaʻaahi e lawelawe i kēia mākeke ma kahi pae nui. Hiki i kēia hiki ke hana i kahi kumu kālā hou no ke kaʻa hikina a hoʻoponopono i kekahi o nā pilikia maʻamau o ka lawelawe.
I ka wā ma mua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā huakaʻi hoʻi e hele ana i ke komohana ma mua o ka nui e hele ana i ka hikina. ʻO kēia no ka mea ua lohi ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea hoʻouna moku ʻEulopa i ka mākeke Kina ma mua o nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku Kina. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻoihana Sepania a me ʻEulopa hou aʻe, e like me nā mea hana, nā mea hana meaʻai, a me nā ʻoihana waiwai hoʻohiwahiwa, e ʻike he ala maikaʻi ke kaʻaahi e hoʻokuʻu aku ai i Kina he mea nui ia e ulu ai. Ua ʻōlelo nā loea ʻoihana a me nā poʻe e nānā ana i ka BRI ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia, ʻo ia ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā kaʻaahi e neʻe ana i ka hikina me nā waiwai ʻEulopa hou aku. E ʻoi aku ka kaulike o ke kālepa ma waena o nā ʻāina ʻelua.
Pehea e hiki ai i ka hoʻouna ʻana o Topway ke kākoʻo i kāu Logistics Kina-ʻEulopa
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hoa logistics i ʻike pehea e lawelawe ai i ke kālepa paʻakikī ma waena o Kina a me Sepania a me Kina a me ʻEulopa ma ke ʻano laulā he ʻokoʻa nui ia no nā ʻoihana. Mai ka makahiki 2010, ʻo Topway Shipping - ke keʻena nui ma Shenzhen, Kina - he mea hoʻolako loea o nā hoʻonā logistics e-commerce palena ʻāina, e lawe mai ana i ka hohonu a me ka hilinaʻi i kēlā me kēia pae o ke kaulahao lako honua.
ʻOi aku ma mua o 15 mau makahiki o ka ʻike loea maoli o ka hui hoʻokumu o Topway i ka logistics honua a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma waena o Kina a me ka halihali US i ulu a lilo i kumu hoʻohālike lawelawe piha no ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i ka hui ke lawelawe i nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kaulahao logistics, mai ka halihali kūloko mua a hiki i ka hale kūʻai ma waho o ke kai a hiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute a hiki i ka lawe ʻana i ka mile hope loa. Hāʻawi pū ʻo Topway i nā lawelawe ukana moana piha piha (FCL) a me nā lawelawe ukana moana emi ma mua o ka ukana (LCL) mai Kina a i nā awa nui a puni ka honua no nā ʻoihana e hoʻokuʻu aku ana i ʻEulopa a i ʻole mai ʻEulopa mai.
I ka lilo ʻana o ke alaloa ʻo Yiwu-Madrid i mea nui aʻe a makemake nā ʻoihana hou aku e hoʻohana i nā hui kaʻaahi, kai, a i ʻole nā hui multimodal e hoʻoili i nā huahana ma waena o Kina a me Sepania, lilo ia i mea nui aʻe ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hoa logistics i ʻike nui e pili ana i nā dute a hiki ke ʻike i nā mea āpau mai ka hoʻomaka a hiki i ka hopena. Ua hana pū ʻo Topway Shipping me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā luna halihali a me nā dute, e lilo ana ia i alahaka paʻa no nā ʻoihana e makemake ana e hoʻohana i nā manawa kūpono kālepa e wehe mau nei kēia ala ukana kū hoʻokahi.
He aha ke ʻano o kēia no nā ʻoihana E-Commerce Cross-Border
ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka ukana kaʻaahi ma waena o Kina a me ʻEulopa ua loaʻa ka hopena nui i ke kālepa uila ma waena o nā palena. No nā mea kūʻai aku Kina e hoʻouna ana i nā waiwai i nā mākeke ʻEulopa a me nā ʻoihana Sepania e hoʻāʻo nei e hōʻea i nā mea kūʻai aku Kina, hāʻawi ke kaʻaahi i kahi mea ʻaʻole i hāʻawi mau ʻia e ka ukana kai: ka hiki ke wānana. Me nā manawa haʻalele paʻa, nā ukana hiki ke hahai ʻia, a me nā manawa transit wānana o 16 a 18 mau lā, hiki i nā ʻoihana kālepa uila ke mālama pono i kā lākou waihona ma mua o ka ukana moana, kahi e lohi pinepine ai nā lā ʻelima a 10.
Ua hoʻolalelale pū ka ulu ʻana o ke ala Yiwu-Madrid i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hoʻonā no ka mālama ʻana i nā waiwai ma nā ʻāina ʻē. I ka nui ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku Kina o ke kālepa uila ma waena o nā palena e kūkulu ana i kā lākou waihona kokoke i nā mea kūʻai aku ʻEulopa, lilo ia i mea hoihoi aʻe e hoʻopiha hou i kēlā mau hale kūʻai ma ke kaʻaahi ma kahi o ka mokulele. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he ʻoi aku ka makepono ma mua o ka lewa a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ke kai e hana ana i kahi puka makani logistics e kōkua pololei ana i nā ʻoihana kālepa uila e kūʻai aku ana ma nā pūnaewele e like me Amazon Europe, Alibaba's AliExpress, a me ka mākeke kikohoʻe ʻo El Corte Inglés o Sepania.
Ma ke ʻano ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa i nā mea hana meaʻai hana lima Sepania a me ʻEulopa, nā hale kūʻai waina, a me nā ʻoihana waiwai kūʻai kiʻekiʻe kahi ala maʻalahi e komo ai i ka mākeke e-commerce Kina, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā pūnaewele e like me Tmall Global a me JD International, kahi e ulu mau nei ke koi no nā waiwai ʻEulopa maoli. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole wale ke kaʻaahi Yiwu-Madrid he ala e hoʻoneʻe ai i nā waiwai. ʻO ia ke kahua no kahi hanauna holoʻokoʻa o ke kālepa kikohoʻe ʻelua ala.
Panina
Ua hele lōʻihi ke kaʻaahi ukana ʻo Yiwu-Madrid mai kona kūkulu mua ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka Belt and Road Initiative. Ua lilo ia i alahao ukana lōʻihi loa o ka honua i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi wale nō. Ua hōʻike ʻia hoʻi he ala maikaʻi ia e kōkua ai i ke kālepa ʻana a ua alakaʻi i nā loli nui i ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana, ke kūʻai aku ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o Kina a me Sepania i nā waiwai o kekahi. He mea kupaianaha nā helu: 1,800 huakaʻi hele a puni, 145,500 mau ipu, a me nā ukana i ʻoi aku ma mua o $8 biliona ma ke ala ʻo Madrid wale nō. Akā, haʻi wale lākou i kahi hapa o ka moʻolelo.
ʻO ka loli hohonu he ʻano hoʻonohonoho: ua hoʻololi nā ʻoihana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o Eurasia i ke ʻano o kā lākou lawelawe ʻana i nā logistics ma muli o kēia alaloa. ʻOi aku ka hou a me ke kumu kūʻai o ka waina Sepania a me ka ʻaila ʻoliva no nā mea kūʻai aku Kina ma mua o ka wā ma mua. He hapalua ka lōʻihi no nā panela solar Kina a me nā mea hana akamai e hiki ai i Madrid ma ka ukana mokulele e like me ka ukana kai. Ke loli mau nei ka hui ʻana o nā ukana, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o ka loli ʻana o nā pono hoʻohālikelike o kēlā me kēia ʻāina.
ʻAʻole ke kaʻaahi ʻo Yiwu-Madrid he koho kūikawā a he hoʻokolohua paha no nā ʻoihana e kālepa ana ma waena o Kina a me ʻEulopa. He ʻano makua, e ulu ana, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kahua logistics honua. ʻO ka ʻike i ka mea hiki iā ia ke hana a me ka mea hiki ʻole ke hana, a me kona ala e hiki mai ana, a me ka hana pū ʻana me nā loea logistics i ʻike pehea e hana ai me ia he pono hoʻokūkū e ulu wale ana i ka ulu ʻana o ke kālepa ma waena o Kina a me ʻEulopa.
FAQs
Q: Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e hoʻopau ai ke kaʻaahi ukana ʻo Yiwu – Madrid i hoʻokahi huakaʻi?
A: ʻO ka manawa hele mai Yiwu a i Madrid i kēia manawa he 16 a 18 mau lā. Ma ka ukana kai, he 35 a 40 mau lā.
Q: He aha nā ʻano waiwai e hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia ma ke kaʻaahi ʻo Yiwu – Madrid?
A: Nui nā mea like ʻole e hoʻouna ʻia aku ana, e like me nā mea uila, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā panela solar, nā waiwai kūʻai, nā lako hale, a me nā lako ʻoihana e hele ana i ke komohana; a me ka waina Sepania, ka ʻaila ʻoliva, ka hāma Iberian, nā mea hoʻonani, a me nā huahana meaʻai e hele ana i ka hikina.
Q: He emi ke kumukūʻai o ka ukana kaʻaahi ma mua o ka ukana ea no nā ukana mai Kina a Sepania?
ʻAe, nui. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai o ka ukana kaʻaahi ma mua o ka ukana ea, akā naʻe, he hapalua ka manawa o ka ukana kai. ʻO kēia ka mea e kūpono ai no nā waiwai e pono ai e hōʻea koke i laila akā ʻaʻole nui ke kumukūʻai.
Q: Ua hoʻopilikia anei ke kaua ma waena o Rusia a me Ukraine i ka lawelawe kaʻaahi ʻo Yiwu a me Madrid?
A: Mai ka makahiki 2022, ua nānā hou ʻia ke ala, e hele ana ma waena o Rusia a me Belarus, akā ua wehe ʻia nō naʻe. Ma ke ʻano he koho kākoʻo a me ka hoʻololi ʻana, ke hana ʻia nei kahi ala ʻē aʻe ma o ke Alanui Waena (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, a me Turkey).
Q: Pehea e hiki ai iā Topway Shipping ke kōkua me ka ukana Kina-ʻEulopa?
A: Hāʻawi ʻo Topway Shipping i nā lawelawe logistical piha, e like me ka halihali wāwae mua, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute, ka hale kūʻai ma waho, a me ka lawe ʻana i ka mile hope loa. Hāʻawi pū lākou i ka ukana moana FCL a me LCL mai Kina a i nā awa honua koʻikoʻi. Ua ʻoi aku ka ʻoihana o Topway ma mua o 15 mau makahiki a ua lako pono ʻia e kōkua i nā ʻoihana e hoʻoili i nā waiwai ma waena o Kina a me ʻEulopa.
