Belt and Road mu 2026: Kodi Njira Yogwirizanitsa China ndi Greece Ikukulirakulirabe?
Introduction
Anthu ambiri ankaganiza kuti chinali chisankho cha COSCO Shipping cha ku China chogula magawo ambiri ku Piraeus Port ku Greece zaka zoposa khumi zapitazo, pamene Greece inali pamavuto. Mu 2026, mgwirizano umodzi umenewo wakhala malo odziwika bwino a Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) ku Europe. Ndi chitsanzo chenicheni cha momwe zokambirana za zomangamanga ku China zimagwirira ntchito.
Koma chaka cha 2025 chinapeza magiredi abwino ndi oipa. Kumbali imodzi, kutenga nawo mbali kwa BRI padziko lonse lapansi kunafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa USD 213.5 biliyoni m'mapangano omanga ndi ndalama, kuwonjezeka kwa 19% kwa chiwerengero cha mapangano poyerekeza ndi 2024. Kumbali ina, kuchuluka kwa ntchito za Piraeus Container Terminal kunatsika ndi 6% pachaka kufika pa 3.98 miliyoni TEU. Izi zikusonyeza kuti njira yolumikizirana ikukumana ndi mavuto enieni, ngakhale ikadali yofunika kwambiri. Pamene tikulowa mu 2026, funso lalikulu si loti ngati njira yolumikizirana pakati pa China ndi Greece ikukulabe. Komanso ngati ikusintha m'njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri m'dziko lomwe ndale za dziko zikusintha, malamulo a EU akukhwima, ndipo malo ena ozungulira nyanja ya Mediterranean nthawi zonse akuyesera kupitirira.
Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana momwe zinthu zilili panopa pogwiritsa ntchito deta yatsopano, ikufotokoza mavuto, ndikufotokozera tanthauzo lake kwa ogulitsa katundu, makampani okonza zinthu, ndi wina aliyense amene amasuntha katundu pakati pa Asia ndi Europe.
BRI mu 2026: Chaka Chodziwika Kwambiri Ndi Asterisks
Deta ya 2025 ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Bungwe la Green Finance & Development Center ku Fudan University limati kuyambira pomwe BRI idayamba mu 2013, China yagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwana madola 1.399 thililiyoni pa izi. Izi zikuphatikizapo madola 837 biliyoni pa zomangamanga ndi madola 561 biliyoni pa ndalama zoyendetsera mwachindunji. Ndalama zonse pachaka za 2025 zinali madola 213.5 biliyoni, zomwe zinali zambiri kuposa chaka china chilichonse. Izi zidachitika makamaka chifukwa cha malonda ku Southeast Asia, Gulf, ndi Africa pazamagetsi, migodi, ndi ukadaulo watsopano.
Pofika mu June 2025, netiweki ya China-Europe Railway Express imagwirizanitsa mizinda 128 yaku China ndi mizinda 229 m'maiko 26 aku Europe. Imapereka katundu wopita ndi wobwerera ku malo oyendera sitima zapamadzi. Netiweki ya sitimayo yakula kwambiri ngati njira yothandiza panjira zapamadzi, makamaka popeza mavuto omwe ali mu Nyanja Yofiira apangitsa kuti makampani oyendetsa sitima ayang'anenso mapulani awo oyendera sitima zapamadzi za 2024 ndi 2025.
Koma njira yonse ya BRI ku Europe ndi yovuta kwambiri. Kutuluka kwa boma ku Italy mu Disembala 2023 kunali posinthira zinthu, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2026, mapu andale anali atachepa kwambiri. Greece, Portugal, ndi Serbia zokha ndi zomwe zili ndi mapulojekiti akuluakulu mwa mayiko 17 a EU omwe kale adasaina zikalata za BRI. Lamulo la EU lowunikira za Investment Direct la Foreign Investment, lomwe linayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2019, laletsa ndalama zatsopano zaku China m'madoko, ma gridi amagetsi, ndi ma telecom m'madera ambiri a bloc.
| Miyeso | 2024 | 2025 | Change |
| BRI Global Engagement (USD bn) | ~ 179 | 213.5 | +19% (zogulitsa) |
| Madoko a COSCO Total Throughput (TEU) | 144.0m | 153.0m | + 6.2% YOY |
| Malo Osungira Zidebe za Piraeus (TEU) | 4.23m | 3.98m | -6.0% Chaka |
| Ndalama za Piraeus Port Authority (€m) | 231 | 250.8 | + 8.6% YOY |
| Mizinda Yoyenda Pamtunda wa Sitima ya China-Europe | ~ 120 | 128 (CN) / 229 (EU) | Zowonjezedwa |
| Mayiko Ogwira Ntchito a EU BRI MoU (akulu) | ~5 | 3 (GR, PT, RS) | Kupapatiza |
Gome 1: Ma BRI Ofunika ndi Ma Piraeus Performance Metrics, 2024–2025
Doko la Piraeus: Mtengo Wamtengo Wapatali wa Korona Uli Pamavuto
Piraeus ili ndi malo apadera mu nkhani ya BRI. Ili pamalo olumikizirana a Europe, Asia, ndi Africa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale malo abwino kwambiri kuti katundu waku China alowe m'misika yaku Europe kudzera mu Suez Canal. Ndalama za COSCO zasintha doko lomwe linali ndi vuto kupita ku malo akuluakulu osungiramo makontena kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean. Mabizinesi aku China alonjeza kuyika ma euro 350 miliyoni mwachindunji mu zomangamanga za doko pofika chaka cha 2026, kuphatikiza ma euro 200 miliyoni pamapulojekiti ena omwe alumikizidwa ndi madoko.
Ziwerengero zachuma za Piraeus Port Authority mu 2025 zikuwonetsa nkhani yosangalatsa m'magawo awiri. PPA idapanga mbiri yogulitsa €250.8 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 8.6% kuchokera chaka chatha. Pier I idapanga ndalama koyamba. Njira yamalonda ya doko yasintha, ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa magalimoto apamadzi ndi ntchito zopanda zidebe zonse zakula. Malo osungira zidebe omwe amayendetsedwa ndi COSCO Shipping Ports, kumbali ina, adawona kuchepa kwa 6% kwa ntchito, kuchoka pa 4.23 miliyoni TEU mu 2024 kufika pa 3.98 miliyoni TEU mu 2025.
COSCO inati kuchepa kumeneku kwachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa kutumiza katundu ku Mediterranean, koma kufotokozera kumeneko n'kokayikitsa. Tangier Med, yomwe ndi mpikisano wapafupi kwambiri wa Piraeus m'derali, yakula ndi 8.4% panthawi yomweyi, kufika pa 11.1 miliyoni TEU. Mtunda pakati pa madoko awiriwa ukukulirakulira, ndipo makampani otumiza katundu akuyamba kuona Tangier ngati malo abwino kwambiri osamutsira katundu kuchokera ku West Mediterranean. Piraeus ikadali doko lofunika kwambiri ku East Mediterranean ndi netiweki yotumizira katundu ku Aegean, koma si lokhalo lomwe lili choncho.
| Port | Kuchuluka kwa 2025 (TEU) | Kusintha Kwanu | Udindo Woyambirira |
| Piraeus (COSCO PCT) | miliyoni 3.98 | -6.0% | Kusamutsa katundu ndi chipata cha Eastern Med |
| Tangier Med (Morocco) | miliyoni 11.1 | + 8.4% | Kusamutsa katundu ku West Med & Atlantic |
| Valencia (Spain) | ~ 6.0 miliyoni | +~3% | Chipata cha Kumwera kwa Europe |
| Algeciras (Spain) | ~ 5.5 miliyoni | Khola | Malo otsetsereka a Strait of Gibraltar |
Gome 2: Kuyerekeza kwa Doko la Zidebe za ku Mediterranean, 2025
Gawo la Zandale: Chifukwa Chake Greece Ikukhalabe Wothandizira wa China ku Europe
Ngakhale kuti EU ikukayikira za kufunikira kwakukulu kwa BRI ndi China pa zomangamanga, Greece yakhala ikutsatira njira yake yothandiza. Athens nthawi zonse yakhala ikuyang'ana pulojekiti ya Piraeus kuchokera pamalingaliro azachuma, kuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito, ndalama zopezera doko, ndi kutumiza kunja kwa Greece kumisika yaku Asia. Izi ndizosiyana ndi njira yopikisana yomwe imapezeka ku Brussels, Berlin, ndi Washington. Masamu amenewo sanasinthe kwambiri kuyambira 2026.
Kupsinjika kwakunja kwasintha. Kusintha kwa malamulo a EU okhudza ndalama zakunja (FDI) ndi kufunikira kwa China kokulirapo "kuchotsa" zomangamanga zofunika kumatanthauza kuti kukula kulikonse kwa kukhalapo kwa COSCO ku Greece kudzayang'aniridwa kwambiri kuposa momwe zinalili mu 2016, pomwe chilolezocho chinakulitsidwa. Kutuluka kwa Italy ku BRI, Global Gateway ya EU yosonkhanitsa €300 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2027, komanso US kulimbikitsa ogwirizana nawo aku Europe kuti asiye zomangamanga zaku China zonse zasintha mkhalidwe wandale padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zapangitsa kuti ntchito yopitilira ya Greece ndi COSCO iwonekere bwino.
Koma malo ndi chuma cha Greece zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupita. Piraeus amabweretsa ndalama zenizeni, amapanga ntchito zenizeni, komanso amalumikiza malonda enieni. Eni zombo za ku Greece, omwe amayendetsa zombo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ali ndi maubwenzi ovuta ndi opanga zombo zaku China ndi zonyamula katundu zomwe zakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri. China ikadali malo otchuka kwambiri kwa zombo zokhala ndi mbendera za ku Greece. Mawu andale okha sangakonze ubalewu chifukwa ndi wovuta kwambiri.
Kwa anthu aku Beijing omwe adakonza BRI, Greece si ndalama zongogulitsa padoko; ndi umboni wakuti lingaliroli likugwira ntchito. Ngati Piraeus apitilizabe kugwira ntchito, kupeza phindu, komanso kukula kwa netiweki yapamadzi, zimatsimikizira kuti dongosolo lonse la Mediterranean ndi lingaliro labwino. Ngati atayitaya kapena kuiwona ikugwa, zingakhale zovulaza kwambiri mapulani awo ndi chithunzi chawo.
Malonda Akuyenda: Kodi Chikuyenda Bwanji M'njira Yodutsa
Njira yolumikizirana pakati pa China ndi Greece si njira imodzi yokha; ndi njira yolumikizira malo opangira zinthu aku China ku misika ya ogula aku Europe kudzera panyanja, sitima, ndi misewu. Njira yayikulu yotumizira katundu imachokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China monga Shanghai, Ningbo, ndi Qingdao kudzera mu Strait of Malacca, kudutsa Nyanja ya Indian, kudutsa Suez Canal, ndi kupita ku Piraeus. Kuchokera ku Piraeus, magalimoto akuluakulu ndi sitima zimanyamula katundu kupita kumadera aku Balkans, Central Europe, ndi kwina.
Kwa zaka zitatu zapitazi, mtundu wa katundu womwe wakhala ukuyenda m'njira imeneyi wasintha kwambiri. Magalimoto amagetsi aku China, mabatire a lithiamu, ndi ma solar panels - zomwe Beijing imatcha mafakitale a "New Three" - tsopano zikuyimira gawo lomwe likukulirakulira la kutumiza kunja kwa ma kontena ku Europe. Otumiza katundu akuyamba kukonda kwambiri ubwino wa doko komanso kulumikizana kwakunja chifukwa zinthuzi ndizofunika kwambiri, zimasunga nthawi, ndipo ziyenera kusamalidwa mosamala. Piraeus wagwiritsa ntchito ndalama pokonza katundu ndi ntchito zapadera kuti apeze magalimoto awa, koma zotsatira zake zakhala zosakanikirana mpaka pano.
Katundu waulimi waku Greece, vinyo, ndi mafuta a azitona zimasamukira ku China kudzera mu khonde pobwerera. Komabe, ndalamazo zikadali zochepa poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ochokera ku Asia kupita ku Europe. Kuchepa kwa malonda mu khonde kuli ngati kukula kwa China-Europe ndipo ndi vuto la kapangidwe kake.
| Gulu la Malonda | Mayendedwe Akuyenda | 2025 Zochitika | Zida Zofunikira |
| Katundu wa ogula | China → Europe | Kukula kokhazikika | Zamagetsi, zipangizo zamagetsi, nsalu |
| EV ndi ukadaulo wobiriwira | China → Europe | Kukula mwachangu | Ma EV, mabatire, mapanelo a dzuwa |
| Zogulitsa paulimi | Europe → China | Wodzichepetsa, wokhazikika | Mafuta a azitona, vinyo, mkaka |
| Zida zogwiritsira ntchito | Balkans → China | Kukula kudzera pa njanji | Mineral, zitsulo |
| Katundu wonyamula katundu | Asia → Madoko odyetsera a Med | Kutsika ku Piraeus | Zidebe zosakaniza |
Gome 3: Malonda Ofunika Kwambiri Pakati pa China ndi Greece, 2025
Mpikisano ndi Njira Zina: BRI Siili Yokha
Kuyambira pamene BRI inayamba mu 2013, chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu kwambiri chakhala kukwera kwa njira zina zodalirika. Pulojekiti ya Global Gateway ya EU yasonkhanitsa ndalama zenizeni—€300 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2027—kuti ikonze zomangamanga padziko lonse lapansi m'magawo kuphatikizapo ukadaulo wa digito, kusintha kwa nyengo, mphamvu, mayendedwe, thanzi, ndi maphunziro. Kuyambira mu 2021, G7's Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment yasonkhanitsa ndalama zoposa $60 biliyoni. Pofika mu 2027, ikuyembekeza kupeza $200 biliyoni. Pulogalamu ya Quality Infrastructure ya ku Japan yalonjeza ndalama zoposa $300 biliyoni kumapulojekiti ku Asia. Izi sizilinso malingaliro chabe; tsopano akumenyera nkhondo maboma omwewo a mayiko omwe akulandira omwe BRI ikuyesera kupeza.
Njira ya zachuma ya India-Middle East-Europe (IMEC), yomwe idawululidwa pamsonkhano wa G20 wa 2023, ikuwonetsa njira yolumikizira madoko aku India ndi Europe kudzera ku Gulf ndi maulalo a sitima kudutsa Middle East. Njirayi yapangidwira Mediterranean. IMEC yakhala ndi kuchedwa kwakukulu, komwe kukuchitika chifukwa cha nkhondo yomwe ikuchitika ku Gaza. Komabe, ndi njira ina yolunjika m'njira ya BRI yapamadzi kudzera mu Suez Canal ndi Piraeus. Ngati IMEC iyamba kugwira ntchito, ikhoza kutenga katundu wambiri kuchokera ku njira ya China-Greece popatsa madoko aku Europe njira ina yaku Asia yofunira zinthu zotumizidwa kunja.
Sitingaiwale za mpikisano womwe ulipo ku Mediterranean komweko. Chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa Tangier Med, kukula kokhazikika kwa Valencia, ndi madoko aku Italy a Adriatic a Trieste ndi Genoa, omwe onse akupeza ndalama zina kuchokera ku EU ndi zachinsinsi, Piraeus ayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti apeze foni iliyonse yomwe angapeze. Drewry akunena kuti kukula kwa zotengera padziko lonse lapansi kudzatsika kufika pa 1.8% yokha mu 2026. Izi zikutanthauza kuti msika sukukula mwachangu mokwanira kuti uthandize madoko onse. Padzakhala mikangano yambiri yokhudza magawo.
Momwe Otumiza Angayendetsere Njira mu 2026
Kwa otumiza ndi kutumiza katundu pakati pa China ndi Europe, njira yolowera pakati pa China ndi Greece ikadali njira yabwino yopititsira katundu, koma ikufunika kukonzekera mosamala kwambiri kuposa momwe idachitira zaka zisanu zapitazo. Popeza sitima zayambanso kuyenda kudzera mu Nyanja Yofiira, kuchulukana kwa anthu m'madoko kwasintha. Magalimoto odutsa mu Suez Canal abwerera mwakale, ndipo Piraeus akadali njira yabwino yopitira katundu ku Southeastern ndi Central Europe chifukwa ili ndi nthawi yochepa yoyendera.
Otumiza katundu ayenera kudziwa kuti ntchito za onyamula katundu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Piraeus ngati doko lawo lalikulu lotulutsira katundu nthawi zonse zimakhala zosavuta. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Gemini Cooperation ndi kusintha kwa maukonde ena mu 2024-2025, mabungwe akuluakulu angapo akhala akusintha maulalo awo a Asia-Europe. Ndikofunikira kuwona njira zazikulu zomwe zikuyimabe ku Piraeus ndi zomwe mwina zidasuntha malo awo akuluakulu a Mediterranean kupita kumadoko ena.
Nkhani yabwino kwa otumiza katundu ndi yakuti mpikisano pakati pa Piraeus, Tangier, ndi madoko ena a ku Mediterranean wachepetsa mitengo ya katundu ndi ndalama zoyendetsera katundu. Cholinga choyamba cha BRI chinali ndi kulumikizana kwabwino kwa sitima kuchokera ku Piraeus kupita ku Balkans. Izi zapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri potumiza katundu ku Serbia, Hungary, ndi madera ena.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumakuthandizireni Kusuntha Katundu Panjira Yopita ku China-Europe
Ndi chinthu chimodzi kumvetsetsa chithunzi chachikulu cha BRI ndi msewu wa China-Greece. Ndi chinthu chinanso kusuntha katundu mwachangu. Apa ndi pomwe ogwira ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito zonyamula katundu amalowererapo, ndipo Topway Shipping yakhala ikuchita izi kuyambira 2010.
Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen ndipo idakhazikitsidwa ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja, imadziwika bwino pa njira zotumizira katundu zonse komanso njira zotumizira katundu kudzera pa intaneti. Gululi lili ku China ndipo US Transportation ndi imodzi mwa njira zovuta komanso zovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Maluso omwewo, njira zogwirira ntchito, komanso kuyang'ana kwambiri pakutsata malamulo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya Topway ku US ikhale yabwino zimagwiranso ntchito pa njira zotumizira katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe, kuphatikizapo kutumiza katundu kudzera ku Piraeus kenako kupita kumisika yaku Europe.
Topway imatumiza katundu wapamadzi kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo madoko a ku Mediterranean. Amapereka ntchito zonse zonyamula katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe (FCL) ndi zochepa kuposa chidebe (LCL). Kusinthasintha koteroko ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa makampani ogulitsa pa intaneti ndi ogulitsa apakatikati omwe nthawi zonse samakhala ndi katundu wokwanira wodzaza chidebe koma amafuna ntchito yodalirika, yosavuta kutsatira, komanso yochotsera misonkho komwe akupita. Ntchito zonse za kampaniyo zikuphatikizapo kutumiza katundu woyamba, wakunja. kuwuza, chilolezo cha msonkho, ndi kutumiza katundu mtunda womaliza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kuyendetsa ulendo wonse kuyambira pachipata cha fakitale ku China mpaka kwa ogula omaliza ku Europe.
Pamene njira yolumikizirana pakati pa China ndi Greece ikukumana ndi mavuto monga kuchepa kwa ntchito ku Piraeus ndi kuyang'anira malamulo a EU, si chinthu chapadera kukhala ndi mnzanu wothandizana naye pankhani yotumiza katundu ku China komanso momwe zinthu zimayenderana ndi malamulo a ku Ulaya. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mpikisano. Topway Shipping imagwiritsa ntchito luso lonseli pa kutumiza kulikonse.
| Service | Kufotokozera | Zoyenera Kwa |
| FCL Ocean Freight | Katundu wonse wa zidebe kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko a EU/Med | Ogula zinthu zambiri ochokera kunja, ogula zinthu za B2B |
| LCL Ocean Freight | Kutumiza pamodzi kwa katundu wochepa | Malonda apa intaneti, otumiza kunja a SME |
| Mayendedwe Oyamba | Kupita ku fakitale kupita ku doko ku China | Otumiza kunja onse akufunika kutengedwa mkati mwa dzikolo |
| Malipiro akasitomu | Kutsatira malamulo okhudza kutumiza katundu m'madoko opitako | Piraeus, madoko a EU |
| Overseas Warehousing | Kusungira ndi kudzaza pafupi ndi komwe mukupita | Ogulitsa malonda a pa intaneti ku Europe |
| Kutumiza kwa Mile Yomaliza | Kutumiza zitseko m'misika yonse ya ku Europe | Mitundu ya DTC, nsanja zamalonda pa intaneti |
Gome 4: Ntchito Zazikulu Zotumizira ku Topway za ku China-Europe Corridor
Kuyang'ana Patsogolo: Kodi Khonde Likupitirirabe Kukula?
Yankho loona mtima ndilakuti zimadalira zomwe mukutanthauza ndi kukula. Ponena za kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ziwiya zosaphika ku Piraeus, chaka cha 2025 chinali chobwerera m'mbuyo. Njirayi ikadali yofunika kwambiri pa mfundo zakunja zaku China komanso zachuma cha ku Greece pankhani ya kufunika kwa njira komanso kudzipereka kwa ndalama. Ponena za mtengo wamalonda, njirayi ikhoza kukhala ikuyenda pang'ono koma ikunyamula kulemera kwakukulu kwachuma pa unit, makamaka ngati zinthu zamtengo wapatali monga ma EV ndi mabatire zikutenga malo a zinthu zopangidwa ndi mtengo wotsika.
Bungwe la Green Finance & Development Center likunena kuti pofika chaka cha 2026, kutenga nawo mbali kwa China mu Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) padziko lonse lapansi kudzakhala kotsika pang'ono kuposa momwe kunakhazikitsidwira mu 2025. Padzakhala ma megadelling ochepa, koma migodi, kupanga, ndi mphamvu zobiriwira zidzakhalabe zogwira ntchito. Malo a Piraeus mwina akuyang'ana kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito ndikukulitsa udindo wake ku Greece m'malo moyesa kupambana omwe akupikisana nawo ngati Tangier pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa transportation.
Njira yayitali imadalira zinthu zingapo: kaya ubale wamalonda pakati pa EU ndi China ukhazikika kapena ukuipiraipira chifukwa cha kukakamiza kwa Trump kuti US igwire ntchito ndi China; kaya zinthu ku Nyanja Yofiira zikukwera kapena kuipa ndipo zikupitirira kukakamiza kusintha kwa njira; komanso ngati Piraeus angakope mbadwo wotsatira wa katundu wamtengo wapatali, makamaka mu magalimoto amagetsi ndi unyolo wopereka zinthu zaukadaulo, zomwe zikusintha malonda pakati pa Asia ndi Europe. Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chili chotsimikizika, koma zonse zikusonyeza njira yomwe ikusintha, yosatha.
Kutsiliza
Mu 2026, njira yolumikizirana pakati pa China ndi Greece inali yovuta kwambiri. Ndalama za BRI sizinagwiritsidwepo ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, koma ku Europe zachepa kwambiri, ndipo Greece inali pakati pa mayiko ena. Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa ma kontena ake kunatsika mu 2025 ndipo mpikisano wochokera ku madoko ena unakula, Piraeus akadali chuma chofunikira kwambiri komanso chenicheni cha zomangamanga ku China ku Europe.
Koposa zonse, khondeli likuwonetsa kuti zokambirana za zomangamanga ndi njira yanthawi yayitali. Sizinali kuganiza kuti ndalama za COSCO ku Piraeus zingapindule mu lipoti limodzi lokha la kotala. Cholinga chake chinali choti China ipitirire kukhalabe m'nyanja ya Mediterranean kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo chachita zimenezo. Kaya khondeli "likukulabe" kutengera momwe mukulionera: kuchuluka, phindu, kufikira pazankhondo, kapena kulimba mtima. Pa mfundo zambirizi, yankho lake ndi inde.
Zotsatira zake kwa makampani omwe amasuntha katundu pakati pa China ndi Europe ndi zosavuta: njira yolumikizira katundu imagwira ntchito, ndi yopikisana, komanso yosavuta kuyendamo. Komabe, imapatsa mphoto otumiza katundu omwe amalumikizana ndi anzawo okonza katundu omwe amadziwa momwe angathanirane ndi kusintha kwa kayendedwe kake. Makampani monga Topway Shipping, omwe ali ndi ubale wolimba ndi China ndipo amatha kusamalira katundu wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso unyolo wonse woperekera katundu, ndi omwe angathandize kupanga kusiyana pakati pa kutumiza katundu kopanda vuto ndi kudabwitsa kokwera mtengo.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi Piraeus akadali doko lalikulu kwambiri la zotengera kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean?
A: Inde. Piraeus ikadali malo akuluakulu oyendera makontena kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean, ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwake kudzatsika ndi 6% mu 2025 kufika pa 3.98 miliyoni TEU. M'chigawo chaching'ono chimenecho, opikisana nawo kwambiri m'chigawochi amakumana ndi magalimoto ochepa, ngakhale kuti Tangier Med yadutsa mu mndandanda wonse wa Mediterranean transshipment rankings.
Q: Kodi Greece yachoka mwalamulo mu Belt and Road Initiative?
A: Ayi. Greece ikadali ndi chuma chachikulu cha BRI komanso ubale wachuma ndi COSCO ndi amalonda aku China, koma Italy idachoka mwalamulo mu Disembala 2023. Greece, Portugal, ndi Serbia akadali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi EU BRI.
Q: Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Piraeus?
A: Nthawi yanthawi zonse yomwe sitima imatenga kuti ipite kuchokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China (Shanghai, Ningbo, Qingdao) kupita ku Piraeus kudzera mu Suez Canal ndi masiku 25 mpaka 35, kutengera ndi ntchito, doko lomwe idachokera, komanso njira. Nthawi zina zoyendera pa Cape of Good Hope zinali zazitali chifukwa cha mavuto omwe adachitika mu Nyanja Yofiira mu 2024 ndi 2025. Funsani wotumiza katundu wanu kuti muwonetsetse kuti nthawi yotumizira katunduyo ikadali yofanana.
Q: Kodi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono angagwiritse ntchito njira yotumizira katundu pakati pa China ndi Greece?
Yankho: Zachidziwikire. Mabizinesi amitundu yonse angagwiritse ntchito njira yolumikizirana chifukwa cha ntchito zophatikiza LCL (zosakwana-kontena-lolemera). Makampani otumiza katundu ku Topway Shipping ndi makampani ena opereka katundu amapereka katundu wophatikizidwa wa panyanja kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko aku Europe. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchotsera msonkho wa misonkho ndi kutumiza katundu wapafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ngakhale mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono amalonda apaintaneti agwiritse ntchito ntchito zawo.
Q: Kodi chiyembekezo cha ndalama za BRI mu 2026 ndi chotani?
A: Akatswiri akuganiza kuti ntchito za BRI zaku China mu 2026 zidzakhala zochepa kuposa kuchuluka kwa madola 213.5 biliyoni mu 2025. Padzakhala mapangano ochepa, koma ntchito zidzapitirira mu mphamvu, migodi, ndi ukadaulo wobiriwira. Cholinga chachikulu ndikupita ku njira zazing'ono komanso zanzeru zomwe zikugwirizana bwino ndi dziko lomwe likulandira ndalama ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera ndalama.
