Kulemba kwa CE, VAT, ndi ma HS Code: Mndandanda Wanu Wonse Wotsatira Malamulo a China ndi Austria
Introduction
Kutumiza zinthu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria kumawoneka kosavuta papepala - kulongedza katundu, kusungitsa katundu, kutumiza. Malo otsatira malamulo pakati pa mayiko awiriwa, kwenikweni, ndi amodzi mwa ovuta kwambiri pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Austria ndi membala wathunthu wa EU, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti katundu aliyense wochokera ku China ayenera kulimbana ndi malamulo aku Europe olembera CE, maudindo a VAT aku Austria ndi mndandanda wa ma code a Harmonized System (HS) omwe amalamulira zomwe mumalipira mumitengo komanso momwe katundu wanu amatulutsira mwachangu pamakasitomala.
Pali mavuto akuluakulu. Kusayika bwino ma code a HS kungayambitse chindapusa chofika pa 30% ya mtengo wa katunduyo. Zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa pamsika wa ku Austria popanda chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha CE zitha kugwidwa ndikuwonongedwa. Zolakwika za VAT, kaya ndi malipoti ochepa kapena kubweza molakwika, zingayambitse ma audit omwe angatenge miyezi ingapo. Kukhala ndi zipilala zitatuzi sikofunikira kwa mabizinesi omwe akukula ntchito zawo kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria, ndikofunikira.
Bukuli likufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zingakhalire bwino pankhani iliyonse yokhudza kutsatira malamulo. Ngati ndinu wogulitsa malonda apaintaneti, wogulitsa katundu wochuluka kapena wopanga zinthu zonyamula zida zamafakitale, mndandanda womwe uli pansipa ukuthandizani kusuntha zinthu molimba mtima komanso mopanda mtengo.
Chizindikiro cha CE: Kodi Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Chifukwa Chake Chimafunikira pa Zinthu Zochokera Ku China
Kodi Kulemba kwa CE Kumatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni?
CE imatanthauza Conformité Européenne = European Conformity. Chizindikirochi chimasonyeza kuti chinthu chayesedwa ndipo chikutsatira malamulo a EU okhudza chitetezo, thanzi ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Si chizindikiro cha khalidwe ndipo sichinaperekedwe ndi bungwe la boma. Ndi chilengezo cha wopanga. Ndi chilengezo chovomerezeka chosonyeza kuti zinthu zikutsatira malamulo, chothandizidwa ndi zikalata zaukadaulo, malipoti a mayeso komanso nthawi zina kutsimikiziridwa ndi bungwe lachitatu ndi bungwe lodziwitsidwa.
Austria yakhala ndi chizindikiro cha CE kuyambira mu 1995, ndipo monga membala wa EU, malangizo ndi zofunikira zomwezo monga mayiko ena onse omwe ali mamembala. Chizindikirocho chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu chilichonse chochokera ku China chomwe chili ndi malangizo a CE chisanagulitsidwe kapena kugawidwa mwalamulo ku Austria. Munthu amene amaika chinthucho pamsika wa EU ndiye amene ali ndi udindo woyika chizindikirocho; m'magalimoto ambiri ochokera ku China kupita ku Austria, ndiye amene amatumiza katunduyo.
Ndi Zinthu Ziti Zomwe Zimafunika Kulemba Chizindikiro cha CE?
Sizinthu zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha CE. Lamuloli likugwira ntchito ku magulu ena azinthu zomwe zikutsatiridwa ndi malangizo a EU. Tebulo lotsatirali likuwonetsa mwachidule magulu oyenera kwambiri kwa ogulitsa kunja:
| Chigamulo cha mankhwala | Malangizo Oyenera a EU / Malamulo | Kodi Bungwe Lodziwitsidwa Likufunika? |
| Zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi (50–1000V AC) | Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2014/35/EU | Ayi (kudzidziwitsa) |
| Ma wailesi ndi zipangizo zopanda zingwe | Ma Radio Equipment Directive (RED) 2014/53/EU | Nthawi zina |
| Kutengera kwa magetsi | Malangizo a EMC 2014/30 / EU | Ayi (kudzidziwitsa) |
| zidole | Dongosolo la Chitetezo cha Toy 2009/48/EC | Inde (pa magulu ena) |
| Makina & zida zamafakitale | Makina Directive 2006/42/EC | Inde (kwa omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu) |
| Zipangizo zamankhwala | MDR 2017/745 | inde |
| Zida zoteteza | Malamulo a PPE 2016/425 | Inde (pa Gulu II ndi III) |
| Zinthu zopanga | Lamulo la Zogulitsa Zomangamanga 305/2011 | inde |
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimasokoneza anthu ambiri ndi kufanana pakati pa chizindikiro cha EU CE ndi chizindikiro chomwe nthawi zina chimatchedwa 'China Export'. European Commission yafotokoza kuti palibe chizindikiro cholembetsedwa mwalamulo cha 'China Export', ndipo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa kuti ndi zabodza nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kolakwika kwa zinthu zomwe zasindikizidwa. Mulimonsemo, ogulitsa ochokera kumayiko ena omwe amagula kuchokera kwa opanga aku China ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti chizindikiro chilichonse cha CE pazinthu zawo chikuthandizidwa ndi zikalata zenizeni zovomerezeka - chizindikirocho sichili ndi tanthauzo popanda fayilo yaukadaulo ndi Chidziwitso Chogwirizana kumbuyo kwake.
Njira Yolembera CE Gawo ndi Gawo
Gawo loyamba mu ndondomeko yolemba chizindikiro cha CE ndikukhazikitsa malangizo omwe akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa katundu wanu. Mwachitsanzo, chinthu monga banki yamagetsi yopanda zingwe chingakhale pansi pa LVD, EMC ndi RED nthawi imodzi. Mukapeza malangizo oyenera, muyenera kudziwa ngati Bungwe Lodziwitsa likufunika. Pazinthu zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chocheperako, wopanga akhoza kudzinenera yekha kuti zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yogwirizana. Pazinthu zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu monga zida zachipatala kapena PPE, kuwunika kogwirizana kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi Bungwe Lodziwitsa lodziyimira lovomerezeka ndi Dziko la EU Member.
Pambuyo poyesa ndi kuwunika, wotumiza katundu kapena wopanga amakonza Fayilo Yaukadaulo kuphatikiza zomwe zafotokozedwa mu malonda, malipoti oyesera, kuwunika zoopsa ndi zolemba za kapangidwe kake. Chikalata Chotsimikizira Kutsatira (DoC) chimasainidwa ndikusungidwa mu fayilo kwa zaka zosachepera 10. Zonsezi ziyenera kuchitika chizindikiro cha CE chisanayikidwe pa malonda ndi phukusi lake. Chizindikirocho chiyenera kuwoneka, kuwerengedwa komanso kutalika kwa 5 mm.
Kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja omwe amagwira ntchito ndi makampani aku China, ndikofunikira kufunsa zambiri zonse zaukadaulo, osati chizindikiro chokhacho. Mafakitale nthawi zonse satsatira miyezo yaposachedwa ya EU, ndipo zomwe zinali zogwirizana ndi CE zaka zitatu zapitazo sizingakhale choncho masiku ano, makamaka chifukwa malamulo okhudza zamagetsi, mabatire ndi mankhwala akusintha nthawi zonse.
VAT pa Zinthu Zochokera ku China kupita ku Austria: Momwe Zimagwirira Ntchito
Ndondomeko ya VAT ya ku Austria
Austria imalipiritsa VAT ya 20% pa katundu wambiri wotumizidwa kuchokera kunja kwa European Union, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pazinthu zonse zochokera ku China. Izi sizimangoyang'ana pa mtengo wa zinthu zomwe zanenedwa komanso pa mtengo wa CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight), womwe ndi mtengo wa chinthu chanu kuphatikiza kutumiza ndi inshuwaransi kupita ku EU komwe mukupita. Ndalama iliyonse yolipira msonkho yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito imawonjezedwa pa ndalamazi VAT isanatsimikizidwe. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zovuta kwambiri zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachepetsedwa ndi ogulitsa katundu omwe amatumiza katundu wawo.
Tiyerekeze kuti mwatumiza katundu (CIF) wokhala ndi mtengo wa €10,000 ndipo msonkho wa kasitomu ndi 5%. Ndalamazo zidzakhala €500. Kenako mumawonjezera VAT ya 20% pa €10,500, motero muyenera kuwonjezera €2,100 pa ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mudzalipira msonkho wonse wa €2,600 pa katundu wa €10,000 ndipo muyenera kuwerengera izi kuyambira tsiku loyamba la mtengo wanu.
Austria yachepetsa mitengo ya VAT pamagulu ena. Mabuku ndi magazini amakhomeredwa msonkho wa 10% pomwe zakudya zina ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe zimakhomeredwa msonkho wa 13%. Koma zinthu zambiri zochokera ku China — zamagetsi, zovala, katundu wapakhomo, ndi zida zamafakitale — zimakhomeredwa msonkho wa 20%.
Mitengo ya VAT ku Austria Mwachidule
| Mtengo wa VAT | Gulu Loyenera | Zitsanzo Zachilendo Zochokera Ku China |
| 20% (Wamba) | Katundu wambiri | Zamagetsi, nsalu, mipando, zoseweretsa, makina |
| 13% (Yachepetsedwa) | Chakudya, zinthu zachikhalidwe, zomera | Zakudya zatsopano, zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zakale |
| 10% (Yachepetsedwa) | Mabuku, mankhwala, zoyendera anthu | Mabuku osindikizidwa, zinthu zina zachipatala |
| 0% (Yopanda kuchotsedwa) | Kutumizanso katundu kunja kwa EU mkati mwa anthu ammudzi | Katundu wodutsa ku Austria kuti akatumizidwenso kunja |
De Minimis Thresholds ndi IOSS System
Kuyambira mu Julayi 2021, EU yathetsa kuchotsera VAT pazinthu zamtengo wotsika za €22. Izi zikutanthauza kuti katundu yense wochokera ku China kupita ku Austria tsopano akulipidwa VAT, mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wake. Mulingo wa msonkho wa €150 ukugwirabe ntchito, motero zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa €150 nthawi zambiri sizilipidwa msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho (VAT yokha), komabe izi zimachitika pansi pa mikhalidwe ina ndipo zitha kuganiziridwanso m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Sitolo Yogulitsira Zinthu Pamodzi (IOSS) ndi njira yeniyeni yoti ogulitsa malonda apaintaneti atumize mwachindunji kwa ogula aku Austria. Pansi pa IOSS, ogulitsa adzalembetsa m'dziko limodzi la EU, kusonkhanitsa VAT pamalo ogulitsira zinthu mpaka €150, ndikuzitumiza kudzera pa kubweza kamodzi pakompyuta, kuchotsa ndalama za VAT pamalire. Ogulitsa ambiri aku China omwe amagulitsa pa nsanja monga Amazon kapena masitolo awoawo avomereza IOSS kuti akonze zomwe ogula aku Austria akukumana nazo ndikuchepetsa kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito ngolo chifukwa cha ndalama zosayembekezereka zotumizira zinthu.
Makampani olembetsedwa ku VAT omwe amatumiza ku Austria amatha kubweza VAT yochokera kunja mu lipoti lawo la VAT ku Austria ngati zinthuzo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zamabizinesi. Njira yowerengera ndalama yomwe yachedwetsedwa - yomwe ilipo kwa otumiza omwe adalembetsa ku VAT - imalola kuti VAT ilengezedwe ndikubwezedwanso munthawi yomweyo yobweza - imawonjezera kwambiri ndalama zomwe zimalowa m'malo ambiri otumiza kunja.
Ma Code a HS: Dongosolo Logawa Magulu Lomwe Limasankha Chilichonse
Kumvetsetsa HS Code Structure
Dongosolo Logwirizana (HS) ndi njira yokhazikika yowerengera zinthu zogulitsidwa zomwe zapangidwa ndi World Customs Organisation (WCO) ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mayiko oposa 200. HS 2022 ndiye mtundu womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, kuphatikiza magulu atsopano a ma drones, mafoni a m'manja, zinyalala zamagetsi ndi mitundu ina yazinthu zamakono. Kusintha kwakukulu kotsatira sikudzachitika mpaka 2027.
Kapangidwe kake ndi kachindunji kapena kachindunji. Manambala awiri oyamba amasonyeza chaputala (monga Chaputala 85 cha makina amagetsi ndi zida). Manambala awiri otsatira amachepa kufika pamutu ndipo awiri otsatira amapereka mutu waung'ono, kotero muli ndi khodi ya manambala asanu ndi limodzi yomwe imagwirizana padziko lonse lapansi. Mayiko amawonjezera manambala asanu ndi limodzi mwa kuwonjezera kwawo: EU ili ndi khodi ya manambala asanu ndi atatu yophatikizana (CN), yowonjezeredwa kufika pa manambala khumi mu database ya TARIC ya EU kuti ipeze zambiri zokhudza mitengo ndi mfundo zamalonda. China imagwiritsa ntchito khodi ya manambala khumi ndi atatu pamagulu ake otumizira kunja.
Mwachidule, kusagwirizana kumeneku m'ma code aku China ndi a EU ndi vuto lalikulu kwa ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja. Wogulitsa katundu waku China akhoza kuyika code ya HS pamapepala otumizira katundu kunja omwe si omwe makasitomala aku Austria akufuna kuwona pa chilengezo cha kutumiza katundu kunja. Ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja ali ndi udindo mwalamulo pa kulondola kwa code ya HS yomwe yawonetsedwa pa cholowera cholowera - code yolakwika kuchokera kwa wogulitsa si chitetezo chalamulo.
Ma Chaputala Ofanana a HS a Zinthu Zochokera ku China kupita ku Austria
| Mutu wa HS | Chigamulo cha mankhwala | Chiwongola dzanja cha EU | zolemba |
| Gawo 61-62 | Zovala ndi zovala (zolukidwa / zolukidwa) | 12% | Udindo waukulu; chiopsezo chosokoneza magulu nthawi zambiri |
| Chapter 64 | nsapato | 3.7% –17% | Mtengo umasiyana malinga ndi zinthu ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito |
| Chapter 84 | Zipangizo zamagetsi ndi makina | 0% –3.7% | Nthawi zambiri palibe msonkho pa zida zamafakitale |
| Chapter 85 | Zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi | 0% –14% | Zosintha za CN za 2025 za mabatire (HS 8507) |
| Chapter 87 | Magalimoto ndi zida zamagalimoto | 2.5% –6.5% | Mabatire a EV amakopa chidwi chowonjezereka |
| Chapter 90 | Zida zowunikira ndi zamankhwala | 0% –6.7% | Zingafunike kulembedwa kwa CE pansi pa MDR |
| Chapter 94 | Mipando & kuyatsa | 0% –5.7% | Ntchito zoletsa kutaya zitha kugwira ntchito |
| Chapter 95 | Zoseweretsa, masewera, zinthu zamasewera | 2.7% –4.7% | Malangizo Oteteza Zoseweretsa amagwiranso ntchito |
Chifukwa Chake Kusalongosoka Kumachitika ndi Momwe Mungapewere
Kusayika bwino zinthu m'magulu kuli kofala kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu ambiri oitanitsa zinthu m'mayiko ena amaganizira - ndipo kumachitika mbali zonse ziwiri. Anthu ena oitanitsa zinthu m'mayiko ena amalipira mitengo yokwera kwambiri poika zinthu m'magulu pansi pa mutu wapamwamba wa mitengo. Ena amalipitsidwa chindapusa ndipo zinthu zimatengedwa chifukwa choziika molakwika m'magulu awo, kaya chifukwa chosasamala kapena mwadala pozichepetsa mtengo. Akuluakulu a kasitomu aku Austria ali ndi mwayi wopeza database ya EU TARIC ndipo ma algorithms owunikira zoopsa akhala ovuta kwambiri, ndipo apeza kusiyana pakati pa ma code omwe akunenedwa ndi mafotokozedwe azinthu.
Vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi la zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito zambiri. Zitha kugawidwa m'magulu monga chinthu chomwe chimaphatikiza cholankhulira mawu, wotchi ndi cholandirira Bluetooth pansi pa Mutu 85 (zipangizo zamagetsi) kapena Mutu 91 (mawotchi) kutengera ntchito yayikulu. Kutengera ngati chagawidwa m'magulu ngati chinthu cha pepala kapena chidutswa chosindikizidwa, chinthu cha pepala chophimbidwa chikhoza kugawidwa mu Mutu 48 kapena Mutu 49. Kusamveka bwino kumeneku kumafuna kuunikanso bwino kwa Zolemba Zofotokozera za EU ndipo ngati pali kusatsimikizika, chigamulo chovomerezeka cha Binding Tariff Information (BTI) kuchokera ku miyambo ya ku Austria - chomwe chimagwira ntchito mwalamulo kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo chimapereka chitsimikizo chisanayambe kutumiza.
Mu 2025, EU Combined Nomenclature inawonjezera mitu yaying'ono yokonzedwa pansi pa HS 8507 ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi zina zamagetsi, kuti ifotokoze kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi pa msewu wa China-Europe. Ogulitsa kunja omwe ali m'magulu awa ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kugawidwa kwawo kukugwirizana ndi mtundu waposachedwa wa CN. Ma code aliwonse olakwika omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi mayina atsopanowa adzawunikidwanso mwachangu.
Njira Yochotsera Katundu ku Austria
Kuchotsera msonkho wa katundu ku Austria kumachitika ndi Unduna wa Zachuma ku Austria (BMF) ndipo kumachokera ku EU Union Customs Code (UCC), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mokwanira mu 2016 ndipo imagwirizanitsa njira zoyendetsera katundu m'maiko onse a EU. Zambiri mwa zilengezo zotumizira katundu ku Austria zimatumizidwa pakompyuta kudzera mu dongosolo la e-Zoll. Malo olowera katundu wamalonda ku Austria ndi Vienna International Airport, madoko a Hamburg kapena Rotterdam (a katundu wapanyanja kulumikizana ndi Austria kudzera mumsewu kapena njanji), ndi malo olowera malire ku Salzburg, Innsbruck komanso m'malire a Hungary ndi Czech.
Chilengezo chanthawi zonse cha kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria chimakhala ndi invoice yamalonda (yomwe ili ndi ndalama zolondola), mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu, bilu ya katundu kapena bilu ya ndege, CE Declaration of Conformity (ngati ilipo), zilolezo zilizonse zotumizira katundu kapena zilolezo ndi nambala yolondola ya TARIC. Pamene katundu akubwera kudzera kudziko lina la EU poyamba - mwachitsanzo kufika ku Port of Hamburg ndi magalimoto akuluakulu kupita ku Vienna - amayenda motsatira njira ya Union Transit (pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamagetsi ya NCTS) ndipo amachotsedwa ku ofesi ya kasitomu yopita ku Austria.
Dongosolo la Austria lofufuza zoopsa za kasitomu limapereka zigoli zoopsa ku katundu wotumizidwa kutengera komwe katunduyo adachokera, gulu la zinthu zomwe zagulitsidwa, mtengo wake womwe wanenedwa, komanso mbiri ya wotumiza katundu. Kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumizidwa wopanda mtengo komanso wolembedwa molakwika pa msewu uwu (makamaka m'magulu a zamagetsi, nsalu ndi katundu wogula) kumatanthauza kuti katundu wochokera ku China akuyang'aniridwa kwambiri. Otumiza katundu omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino yotsatira malamulo komanso olembetsedwa ngati Authorised Economic Operators (AEO) amapindula ndi kuchotsedwa mwachangu, kutsika kwa mayeso a thupi komanso kupeza njira zosavuta zotumizira katundu - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti udindo wa AEO ukhale ndalama zabwino kwa otumiza katundu omwe amatumiza katundu pafupipafupi.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumathandizira Kutsatira Kwanu Ku China-Ku Austria
Ogulitsa katundu ambiri sali okonzeka kuthana ndi CE marking, VAT ndi HS codes zonse nthawi imodzi - makamaka pamene malamulo akusintha komanso pamene malonda ali pamavuto. Pamenepo ndi pomwe wothandizana naye wodziwa bwino ntchito yokonza katundu amabweretsa phindu lalikulu kuposa kungotumiza katundu.
Topway Shipping ndi kampani yodziwika bwino yopereka chithandizo cha zinthu zoyendera pa intaneti yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira mu 2010 ndipo ili ku Shenzhen, China. Gulu loyambitsa Topway lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yoyendetsa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja, komanso kumvetsetsa bwino momwe zinthu zilili pakati pa China ndi Europe, zomwe zimapitirira kupitirira kusungitsa katundu.
Topway imapereka mautumiki osiyanasiyana pa unyolo wonse wa katundu: mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku mafakitale ku China kupita ku doko lochokera, kupita kumayiko ena. kuwuza, kuchotsera katundu wa pa kasitomu komwe umachokera komanso komwe ukupita, komanso kutumiza katundu womaliza ku Europe. Kampaniyo imaperekanso ntchito zosinthira zonyamula katundu wa panyanja za FCL ndi LCL kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwa ogulitsa katundu akuluakulu komanso mabizinesi opanga malonda apaintaneti okhala ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana.
Ponena za kutsatira malamulo, gulu la Topway loona za kasitomu limagwira ntchito limodzi ndi otumiza kunja kuti atsimikizire kugawidwa kwa ma code a HS asanatumizidwe, kuzindikira zofunikira za CE zomwe zikugwira ntchito pamagulu enaake azinthu ndikuwona kulondola ndi kukwanira kwa zikalata zotumizira kunja katundu asanafike kumalire a Austria. Kwa makampani omwe ndi atsopano pamsika wa Austria, Topway ikhoza kupereka njira yoyendetsera ndikulumikiza otumiza kunja ndi ma broker oyenerera a kasitomu a EU ndi akatswiri otsatira malamulo omwe ali akatswiri pa satifiketi ya CE ndi kulembetsa VAT.
Popeza njira yochokera ku China kupita ku Austria ndi yovuta - makamaka yotumizira katundu wosakanikirana womwe umakwaniritsa zofunikira za CE ndi zomwe sizikugwirizana nazo, kapena yotumizira katundu yomwe imadutsa mayiko ambiri a EU isanatumizidwe komaliza ku Austria - mnzawo m'modzi wolumikizana ndi zinthu yemwe amawonekera kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto komanso wodziwa kutsatira malamulo si nkhani yachilendo. Ndi kayendetsedwe ka zoopsa zomwe zimayikidwa mu unyolo wanu woperekera katundu.
Mndandanda Wanu Wonse Wotsatira Malamulo Ochokera ku China kupita ku Austria
Onani tchati chomwe chili pansipa ngati mndandanda wogwirira ntchito musanatumize katundu aliyense. Chimaphatikiza mizati itatu yotsatirira malamulo mu kuwunikanso kamodzi musananyamuke:
| Chigawo Chotsatira | Ntchito Yofunika | Ndani Ali ndi Udindo? | kachirombo |
| Kulemba kwa CE | Dziwani malangizo oyenera a EU pa malonda anu | Wotumiza kunja / Wopanga | ☐ |
| Kulemba kwa CE | Tsimikizani kuwunika kwa Thupi Lodziwitsidwa (ngati pakufunika) | Wopanga / Wolowetsa | ☐ |
| Kulemba kwa CE | Pezani ndikuwunikanso Chikalata Chotsatira Malamulo | wopanga | ☐ |
| Kulemba kwa CE | Onetsetsani kuti chizindikiro cha CE chaikidwa pa thupi (osachepera 5mm) | Wopanga / Wogulitsa | ☐ |
| Kulemba kwa CE | Sungani Fayilo Yaukadaulo kwa zaka 10 | Tengani | ☐ |
| HS kodi | Gawani malonda pogwiritsa ntchito EU TARIC (manambala 10) | Olowetsa / Customs Broker | ☐ |
| HS kodi | Onaninso malamulo otumizira kunja ochokera ku China kuchokera kwa wogulitsa | Tengani | ☐ |
| HS kodi | Yang'anani zosintha za CN za 2025 m'machaputala oyenera | Makonda a Makonda | ☐ |
| HS kodi | Pezani chigamulo cha BTI pazinthu zosamveka bwino | Wotumiza kunja (kudzera mwa broker wa kasitomu) | ☐ |
| VAT | Werengani mtengo wa CIF wa VAT | Gulu la Ogulitsa Zinthu Zina / Zachuma | ☐ |
| VAT | Lembetsani ku IOSS ngati mutumiza katundu wa B2C pansi pa €150 | wogulitsa | ☐ |
| VAT | Tsimikizirani kulembetsa kwa VAT ku Austria kwa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja kwa B2B | Tengani | ☐ |
| VAT | Ikani akaunti yoyimitsidwa ngati ikuyenera | Wotumiza kunja / Wowerengera Ndalama | ☐ |
| Kumasulira | Konzani invoice yamalonda yokhala ndi mtengo wolondola wolengezedwa | Wogulitsa / Wotumiza kunja | ☐ |
| Kumasulira | Tsimikizani kuti mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ukugwirizana ndi zomwe zatumizidwa | Wogulitsa | ☐ |
| Kumasulira | Konzani wothandizira zochotsera msonkho ku Austria | Importer / Freight Forwarder | ☐ |
Zochitika Zaposachedwa Zokhudza Malamulo Zoyenera Kuyang'aniridwa mu 2025–2026
Pazinthu zotumiza kunja kuchokera ku China kupita ku EU, malamulo ake sanakhazikike. Otumiza kunja ku Austria ayenera kudziwa zinthu zingapo zomwe zikuchitika mu 2025 ndi kupitirira apo.
Lamulo la General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR) la EU, lomwe lilowa m'malo mwa General Product Safety Directive yoyambirira, linayamba kugwira ntchito mu Disembala 2024. Limawonjezera kwambiri udindo wa ogwira ntchito pamsika wa pa intaneti ndipo limapereka miyezo yokhwima yotsatirira katundu wa ogula - kuphatikizapo katundu woperekedwa mwachindunji ndi amalonda aku China kwa makasitomala aku Austria. Ogulitsa kunja ndi ogulitsa pamsika tsopano ayenera kukhala ndi munthu wodalirika ku EU kuti zinthuzo zikhale ndi mfundo yoti kukhudzana amene adzakhala ndi udindo wotsatira malamulo a chitetezo.
Kusintha kwa 2025 ku EU Combined Nomenclature kunabweretsa mitu yaying'ono yosinthidwa ya ma cell a batri a lithiamu-ion, ma module a batri ndi ma batri pansi pa Mutu 85. Izi zimakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa mabatire opangidwa ku China ndi zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimalowa mu Austria, ndipo ogulitsa kunja m'munda uno ayenera kuyang'ana magulu awo a CN motsutsana ndi mayina atsopano kuyambira Januware 2025.
Kumbali ya VAT, EU ikukambiranabe za kusintha kwina kwa choletsa cha IOSS cha €150 ndi msonkho wa msonkho wa minimis. Mabungwe amalonda aku Europe akulimbikitsa kuti achepetse kapena achotse malire onse chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo yotsika mtengo kuchokera ku nsanja zaku China. Ogulitsa kunja omwe amadalira chithandizo cha de minimis cha zinthu zotumizidwa kunja za B2C zambiri ayenera kuyang'anira zochitika zamalamulo mosamala, chifukwa kusinthaku kungayambe kugwira ntchito kuyambira mu 2026.
Misonkho yoletsa kutaya zinthu ndi yoletsa thandizo pa mitundu ina ya zinthu zaku China, mwachitsanzo zomangira zitsulo, matailosi a ceramic ndi zinthu zina za dzuwa, ikadalipo ndipo imawunikidwanso nthawi ndi nthawi ndi European Commission. Ogulitsa zinthu m'magawo awa adzafunika kuwona momwe ntchito yawo ilili panopa pa ma code awo azinthu asanayambe kutumiza kiyi iliyonse.
Kutsiliza
Kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria ndi mwayi waukulu wamalonda chifukwa katundu yense wochokera ku Austria wochokera ku China anafika pafupifupi USD 1.46 biliyoni mu Ogasiti 2025 yokha, zomwe zikusonyeza mgwirizano wamphamvu komanso wokulirakulira wamalonda pakati pa mayiko awiriwa. Komabe, kuthekera kumeneko kumabwera ndi lamulo lotsatira malamulo lomwe liyenera kuganiziridwanso.
Chizindikiro cha CE chimatsimikizira chitetezo ndi kugulitsidwa kwa zinthu zanu ku EU. Kupeza HS code yolondola kumatanthauza udindo woyenera womwe mumalipira komanso ngati katundu wanu akutuluka mwachangu kapena kukhalabe m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya makasitomala anu akudikira. Wobweretsa katundu wopindulitsa ndi amene amadziwa momwe malamulo a VAT aku Austria amagwirira ntchito, kuyambira pa 20% ya ndalama zolipirira ndi CIF basis of assessment, mpaka ku IOSS ya e-commerce ndi kuyimitsa akaunti ya otumiza katundu a B2B, osati amene akuvutika ndi ndalama zosayembekezereka za msonkho.
Palibe chimodzi mwa zipilala zitatuzi chomwe chilipo chokha. Ngati chinthu chalembedwa molakwika mu HS code, chikhoza kukopa misonkho yotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu yomwe sichikanakopa. Chinthu chomwe chimafuna chizindikiro cha CE popanda Declaration of Conformity chidzayimitsidwa pamalire, mosasamala kanthu kuti VAT yayendetsedwa mosamala bwanji. Ndipo cholakwika cha VAT chingasinthe katundu wopindulitsa kukhala kutayika, ngakhale pamene kasitomu yatha popanda vuto. Kutsatira malamulo ndi dongosolo ndipo limafuna njira yolongosoka.
Ndi mnzanu woyenera woyendetsa katundu, broker woyenera wa kasitomu, komanso mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zili pa bukhuli ngati poyambira, kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria sikungokhala kophweka komanso kogwira mtima. Umenewo ndi mtundu wa ntchito yochokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto yomwe Topway Shipping imapangira - kuphatikiza chidziwitso cha katundu ndi chidziwitso chotsata malamulo kuti mutenge katundu wanu kuchokera ku Shenzhen kupita ku Vienna molimba mtima.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi chinthu chilichonse chotumizidwa kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria chikufunika chizindikiro cha CE?
A: Ayi. Zinthu zokhazo zomwe zili m'malangizo ena a EU - monga zamagetsi, zoseweretsa, makina, zida zamankhwala ndi PPE - zimafunika kulembedwa chizindikiro cha CE. Chizindikirocho sichifunika pazinthu monga zopangira, zakudya zambiri ndi zinthu zina zomwe sizili m'malangizo a CE.
Q: Ndani ali ndi udindo wotsatira malamulo a CE - wopanga waku China kapena wogulitsa ku Austria?
A: Udindo walamulo uli ndi wotumiza (kapena aliyense amene wayika malondawo pamsika wa EU). Ngakhale chizindikiro cha CE chiperekedwa ndi wopanga, wotumiza ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti Chikalata Chotsimikizira Kugwirizana ndi Fayilo Yaukadaulo ndi chovomerezeka komanso chamakono.
Q: Kodi VAT ya ku Austria imawerengedwa bwanji pa katundu waku China?
A: VAT Yochokera Kunja ku Austria ndi 20% (chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika) ndipo imawerengedwa pa mtengo wa CIF wa zinthuzo kuphatikiza ndalama zilizonse zolipirira msonkho. Mwachitsanzo, katundu wa CIF wa €10,000 wokhala ndi msonkho wa 5% amalipira VAT pa €10,500, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti VAT ikhale €2,100.
Q: Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito HS code ya wogulitsa wanga waku China pa chilengezo cha ku Austria chokhudza kutumiza kunja?
A: Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati chisonyezero chokha. Ma code a HS aku China ali ndi manambala 13 ndipo sangagwirizane ndendende ndi manambala a TARIC a EU okhala ndi manambala 10. Wotumiza katundu ali ndi udindo mwalamulo pa kulondola kwa chilengezo chotumizira katundu. Chifukwa chake, gulu la EU TARIC liyenera kufufuzidwa palokha.
Q: Nanga bwanji ngati katundu wanga wagwidwa ku Austria chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a CE?
A: Akuluakulu oyang'anira msika ku Austria ali ndi ufulu wochotsa katundu pamsika, kubweza kapena kuwononga. Wotumiza katunduyo angalandirenso chindapusa cha oyang'anira. Pankhani yolakwika kwambiri, mlandu waupandu ungachitike.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping ingathandize bwanji kutsatira malamulo okhudza kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria?
A: Topway Shipping imapereka chithandizo chonse cha kayendetsedwe ka katundu kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto, kuyambira pa kuchotsera katundu wa pa kasitomu, kutsimikizira ma code a HS, kuwunika zikalata mpaka kulumikizana ndi akatswiri otsatira malamulo a EU. Pokhala ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza katundu kudutsa malire, antchito awo omwe ali ku Shenzhen ali ndi mwayi woyendetsa kuyambira pa mtunda woyamba ku China mpaka mtunda wotsiriza kutumizidwa ku Austria.
