Miyambo ya ku Austria 101: Zimene Wotumiza Zinthu ku China Aliyense Ayenera Kudziwa Asanatumize
Introduction
Austria ndi dziko lopanda anthu ambiri lokhala ndi anthu osakwana mamiliyoni asanu ndi anayi, koma kwa ogulitsa aku China ndi makampani ogulitsa pa intaneti omwe amadutsa malire, ndi njira yopita ku msika wolemera kwambiri wa ogula ku Central Europe. Austria ndi membala wokhazikika wa European Union kuyambira 1995 ndipo motero iyenera kutsatira malamulo a kasitomu a EU. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zofunikira ndi zomwezo, kukakamiza malamulo ndi kovuta ndipo zikalata sizingachitike mwachisawawa.
Makampani ambiri ogulitsa katundu ochokera ku China amagwera mumsampha woona Austria ngati malo ena opitira. Ndipotu, dongosolo la kasitomu ku Austria ndi kuphatikiza malamulo a EU, njira zomwe Austria imagwiritsa ntchito, kulembetsa zinthu zamagetsi mokakamiza komanso mfundo zoletsa VAT zomwe zimaletsa ngakhale kutumiza katundu wotsika mtengo. Kulephera kuchita izi kungatanthauze kuti katundu wanu ali ku Hamburg, Koper kapena Vienna airport ndipo akulandira chilango.
Bukuli likuthandizani kuthetsa kusatsimikizika ndikukupatsani kufotokozera kwatsopano komanso kothandiza kwa zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa musananyamuke ku Shenzhen, Guangzhou kapena Yiwu. Limafotokoza zonse kuyambira kuwerengera misonkho ndi zofunikira mpaka zinthu zoletsedwa, magulu a ma code a HS, komanso momwe mnzanu wodziwa bwino ntchito yonyamula katundu angapangire kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta.
Austria monga Membala wa Kasitomu ku EU: Kodi Zimenezi Zikutanthauza Chiyani Kwa Inu?
Mukatumiza zinthu ku Austria simukuchita ndi bungwe la kasitomu la dziko limodzi lokha - mukulowa nawo mgwirizano wonse wa kasitomu wa European Union. Austria idavomereza malamulo olowera ku EU pamene idalowa nawo mu 1995, ndipo tsopano ntchito zonse za kasitomu zikulamulidwa ndi Union Customs Code (UCC), ndipo mitengo ya msonkho imasonkhanitsidwa mogwirizana ndi Common External Tariff (CET) ya EU, yofalitsidwa kudzera mu dongosolo la TARIC.
Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zomwe zimadutsa padoko lalikulu la EU monga Hamburg ku Germany kapena Koper ku Slovenia zitha kutumizidwa ku Austria popanda njira zina zowonjezera za kasitomu. Katundu wambiri wochokera ku China amachotsedwa kudzera mu kasitomu padoko lawo lolowera ku Europe, osati kudera la Austria. Katunduyo amatumizidwa ndi sitima kapena galimoto kupita ku Vienna, Graz kapena Linz. Kudziwa unyolo wazinthu ndikofunikira, chifukwa kumafotokoza ofesi ya kasitomu yomwe idzayang'anire chilengezo chanu, komanso malamulo a VAT a dziko lomwe liyenera kugwira ntchito poyamba zinthu zisanalowe kudera la Austria.
Bungwe loyang'anira nkhani zokhudzana ndi misonkho ku Austria ndi Zollamt Österreich (Ofesi ya Customs Austria) yomwe ili pansi pa Bundesministerium für Finanzen (Unduna wa Zachuma wa Federal). Kwa otumiza katundu m'mayiko ena, malembo onse amapangidwa pakompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito Automated Import System (AIS) ku Austria, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi netiweki ya misonkho ku EU konse.
Ntchito, Misonkho, ndi Momwe Mungawerengere Mtengo Wanu Wofikira
Kapangidwe ka Mtengo wa Zigawo Zitatu
Zotumiza zonse zamalonda kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria zimayikidwa pa dongosolo la ndalama zitatu: msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho, msonkho wowonjezera mtengo (VAT), ndipo, m'magulu ena azinthu, msonkho wa msonkho. Kudziwa momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale kukonzekera kolondola kwa ndalama zoyendera.
Misonkho ya msonkho imawerengedwa pa mtengo wa CIF wa zinthu, mwachitsanzo Mtengo wa katundu + Inshuwalansi + Katundu kupita ku EU port of entry. Mtengo woyenera wa msonkho umachokera pa khodi ya TARIC ya manambala 10 ya chinthucho. Misonkho ikawerengedwa, VAT imawonjezedwa pamwamba pa ndalama zonse: mtengo wa CIF kuphatikiza msonkho wa msonkho. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zokwera mtengo kwambiri zikhale zodula kwambiri kuposa momwe oitanitsa katundu amayembekezera poyamba.
Mitengo ya VAT
Dongosolo la VAT ku Austria lili ndi magulu atatu. Chiwongola dzanja cha 20% chimapanga zinthu zambiri zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku China. Pali mitengo iwiri yochepetsedwa ya magulu ena:
| Mtengo wa VAT | mlingo | Katundu Wogwiritsidwa Ntchito |
| Standard Rate | 20% | Katundu wambiri wotumizidwa kunja (zamagetsi, zovala, makina, ndi zina zotero) |
| Mtengo Wochepetsedwa | 13% | Zojambulajambula, vinyo, matikiti a sinema |
| Mtengo Wochepetsedwa | 10% | Chakudya, mabuku, mankhwala, mayendedwe apaulendo |
De Minimis Thresholds — Lamulo Lodabwitsa Ogulitsa Malonda Apaintaneti
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri, komanso zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimamvetsetseka, polowetsa zinthu ku Austria ndi dongosolo la de minimis threshold. Pa kutumiza katundu komwe kuli ndi mtengo woposa €150, msonkho wa msonkho udzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa pa izi. VAT de minimis ndi zero euros, komabe, chifukwa chake bizinesi iliyonse yotumiza katundu imalandira VAT mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wake.
| Mtundu wa Threshold | mtengo | Tanthauzo |
| Customs Duty De Minimis | €150 | Palibe msonkho wa msonkho wochepera mtengo uwu womwe ulipo |
| VAT De Minimis | €0 | VAT imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wotumizidwa |
| Chigawo cha IOSS (B2C) | ≤€150 | Wogulitsa amasonkhanitsa VAT pamalo ogulitsira kudzera mu ndondomeko ya IOSS |
Kwa ogulitsa malonda apa intaneti a B2C omwe amatumiza ma phukusi a €150 kapena kuchepera, dongosolo la EU la Import One-Stop Shop (IOSS) limapereka yankho lothandiza. VAT imasonkhanitsidwa pamalo ogulitsira ndipo wogulitsa amatumiza mwachindunji kwa akuluakulu amisonkho a EU, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msonkho wa msonkho upitirire komanso kuletsa wogula kulipira VAT kachiwiri pamalire. Ngati ndinu wogulitsa amene amatumiza zinthu zoposa €150 muyenera kutsimikizira kuti msonkho ndi VAT zimaphimbidwa ndi chilengezo cha msonkho panthawi yotumiza katundu.
Mitengo Yofanana ya Misonkho ya HS Code ya Kutumiza ku China
Mayina Ophatikizana a EU a 2025 awonjezera mitu yaying'ono yambiri yamagulu azinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza zamagetsi ndi mabatire. Kwa ogulitsa aku China, khodi yoyenera ya TARIC yokhala ndi manambala 10 ndiyofunikira. Kusayika molakwika kungayambitse chindapusa cha mpaka 30% ya mtengo wa katunduyo kuphatikiza misonkho iliyonse yomwe ikuyenera kulipidwa. Nazi mitu ina ya HS yomwe imachitika kawirikawiri yofunikira pamalonda a China-Austria:
| Mutu wa HS | Chigamulo cha mankhwala | Mtengo Wanthawi Zonse |
| Chapter 85 | Zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi | 0% –3.7% |
| Gawo 61-64 | Zovala, zovala, nsapato | 6.5% –12% |
| Chapter 94 | Mipando & zofunda | 2.7% –5.6% |
| Chapter 95 | Zoseweretsa & masewera | 2.7% –4.7% |
| Chapter 39 | Mapulasitiki ndi zinthu zake | 3.2% –6.5% |
| Chapter 73 | Zinthu zachitsulo ndi zitsulo | 2.7% –3.7% |
| Chapter 8507 | Mabatire a Lithium-ion (asinthidwa 2025) | 0% –2.7% |
Mitu yatsopano, yokonzedwa bwino ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion (HS 8507) mu 2025 ndi chitukuko chachikulu kwa opanga mabatire aku China ndi ogulitsa zida zamagetsi, omwe akutumiza zinthu zambiri kwa makasitomala aku Europe.
Zikalata Zofunikira: Pezani Izi Molakwika Ndipo Kutumiza Kwanu Kuyima
Pa bizinesi iliyonse yochokera ku China, misonkho ya ku Austria - ndi dongosolo la misonkho ya EU - zimafunika mapepala enaake. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe kutumiza misonkho kumachedwetsera ndi kusungidwa ndi mapepala omwe akusowa kapena olakwika. Makamaka, amafufuza mosamala invoice yamalonda. Kunama mtengo wotsika kuti apewe misonkho kumatanthauza kupewa misonkho, ndipo misonkho nthawi zonse imayang'ana mitengo yomwe ikunenedwayo poyerekeza ndi deta yamsika ndi masamba a e-commerce.
| Ndemanga | Zofunikira zofunika |
| Inivoyisi yamalonda | Ziyenera kuphatikizapo: zambiri za wogulitsa/wogula, kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane katundu, HS code, mtengo wa yuniti, mtengo wonse mu EUR, dziko lochokera, Incoterms |
| Mndandanda wazolongedza | Chiwerengero cha makatoni, kulemera konse/konse pa phukusi lililonse, miyeso |
| Bill of Lading / AWB | Yoperekedwa ndi kampani yonyamula katundu; iyenera kufanana ndi tsatanetsatane wa invoice |
| Customs Declaration (SAD) | Chikalata Chokha Choyang'anira Choperekedwa Pakompyuta Kudzera mu AIS ya ku Austria (Automated Import System) |
| Satifiketi Yoyambira | Zofunikira pa zopempha za udindo wapadera; Fomu A ya GSP |
| Zolemba za CE / Zolemba Zogwirizana | Zofunikira zamagetsi, zoseweretsa, makina, ndi PPE zogulitsidwa pamsika wa EU |
| Nambala ya EORI | Kulembetsa ndi Kuzindikiritsa Ogwira Ntchito Zachuma ku EU — ndikofunikira kwa ogulitsa onse ogulitsa kunja |
Zinthu zingapo pamndandandawu ziyenera kudziwitsidwa mwapadera. Nambala ya EORI (Kulembetsa ndi Kuzindikiritsa Ogwira Ntchito Zachuma) ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa bungwe lililonse lotumiza katundu ku EU. Mukufunika kuti mutulutse katundu wanu. Ngati ndinu kasitomala waku Austria kapena kampani yomwe ili ku EU, muyenera kulembetsa EORI ndi oyang'anira zotumiza katundu ku Austria musanayambe kutumiza katundu wanu koyamba. Otumiza katundu aku China omwe amatumiza katundu pazifukwa za DDP nthawi zambiri amachita ndi EORI kudzera mwa woimira ndalama wawo wa EU kapena broker wa zotumiza katundu.
Kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zamagetsi, zoseweretsa ndi makina ku China kumakumananso ndi vuto lina lofala: chizindikiro cha CE. Chizindikiro cha CE chikuwonetsa kuti chinthu chikukwaniritsa zofunikira za EU pa zaumoyo, chitetezo ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Zinthu zomwe zili ndi chizindikiro cha CE zitha kugulitsidwa mwaulere pakati pa mayiko onse a EU, popanda kuyesa kwina kulikonse mdziko muno. Popanda izi, magulu azinthu zoletsedwa akhoza kulandidwa pamalire. Ndi kufufuzidwa kwakukulu kwa zamagetsi ndi zoseweretsa za ana zopangidwa ku China, zikalata zotsatizana ndi CE ziyenera kumalizidwa nthawi yayitali isanatumizidwe.
Katundu Woletsedwa ndi Woletsedwa: Zimene Sizingalowe mu Austria
Austria ikuwona ziletso zolowera kunja kwa EU, zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kudzera mu magulu a PROHI (Import Suspension) ndi RSTR (Import Restriction) a dongosolo la TARIC; Magulu oletsedwa komanso oletsedwa kwambiri kwa ogulitsa kunja aku China ndi awa:
Pangano la Malonda Padziko Lonse a Mitundu Yomwe Ili Pangozi (CITES) limaletsa kwathunthu zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku nyama zotetezedwa kapena kuchokera ku nyama zomwe zili pangozi. Izi zikuphatikizapo minyanga ya njovu, chipolopolo cha kamba, makorali, zikopa za zokwawa ndi mitundu ina ya mitengo yolimba ya m'madera otentha. Akuluakulu a zamisonkho ku Austria ndi m'madoko olowera mkati mwa EU amafufuza mwachangu katundu wotere, ndipo kutumiza katunduyo kumatha kulandidwa ndi kulipira chindapusa.
Zida, zinthu zankhondo, ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri zimafuna chilolezo chapadera cholowetsa zinthu kunja. Izi zimalamulidwa ndi Austria pansi pa mndandanda wa Wassenaar Arrangement. Otumiza kunja aku China omwe akutumiza kunja zida zamafakitale, mapulogalamu kapena ukadaulo zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri amalangizidwa kuti awone ngati akufunikira kupeza chilolezo chotumizira kunja kuchokera kwa akuluakulu aku China komanso ngati akufunikira kupeza chilolezo cholowetsa ku Austria. Kusapeza chilolezo chofunikira ndi kuphwanya malamulo.
Nyama zamoyo ndi zomera zina zimafuna ziphaso za veterinarian ndi phytosanitary. Zakudya ziyenera kukwaniritsa lamulo la EU loteteza chakudya ndipo ziyenera kulembedwa bwino mu Chijeremani. Zinthu kapena zinthu zabodza zomwe zikuphwanya ufulu wa EU waukadaulo zimagwidwa pamalire ndi njira zoyendetsera malamulo a EU - nkhawa yomwe ikukulirakulira kwa ogulitsa aku China azinthu zodziwika bwino kapena zooneka ngati zamtundu wa kampani.
Zinthu zina zaulimi zimatsatira malamulo a zaulimi ochokera kunja monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu lamulo la zaulimi la EU. Ngakhale kuti Austria siletsa kuitanitsa nyama kapena mkaka kuchokera kuzinthu zochokera kumayiko omwe ali mamembala a EU, katundu aliyense wochokera ku China amatsatira njira zovomerezeka za thanzi zomwe, m'malo mwake, zimapangitsa kuti kuitanitsa zakudya zokonzedwa m'mabizinesi kukhale kovuta kwambiri.
Zosankha Zotumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria
Austria ilibe doko lake, kotero katundu wapamadzi wochokera ku China amafika kudzera m'madoko aku Europe kenako amalowa mkati mwa dzikolo ndi sitima kapena msewu. Malo olowera omwe amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa katundu wa China ndi Austria ndi Hamburg (Germany), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Koper (Slovenia) ndi Trieste (Italy). Bwalo la ndege la Vienna International Airport (VIE) limasamalira katundu wa pandege. Pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoganizira za mtengo, mayendedwe ndi kutsatira malamulo pa njira iliyonse:
| mafashoni | Nthawi Yoyenda | Zabwino Kwambiri | Entry Port |
| FCL Maulendo Anyanja | Masiku 25-35 | Katundu wamkulu, zotengera za 20ft/40ft | Hamburg, Koper, Trieste |
| LCL Sea Freight | Masiku 30-40 | Voliyumu yaying'ono mpaka yapakati, yosinthasintha | Hamburg, Rotterdam |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | Masiku 5-7 | Katundu wamtengo wapatali, wosamva nthawi | Ndege Yadziko Lonse ya Vienna (VIE) |
| DDP (Khomo ndi Khomo) | Zimasintha | Kugulitsa pa intaneti, ntchito yonse | Nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya otumiza kunja |
Pa kutumiza katundu wambiri, katundu wa panyanja ndiye chisankho chotsika mtengo kwambiri. Katundu Wonse wa Chidebe (FCL) ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito chidebe cha mamita 20 kapena 40 pa bizinesi yanu yokha, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimalimbikitsidwa pa katundu woposa USD $20,000 kapena woposa ma cubic metres 15. Mukanyamula katundu wocheperako kuposa Chidebe (LCL), katundu wanu amaphatikizidwa ndi wa ena otumiza, zomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo ngati mukutumiza katundu wochepa koma zimawonjezera nthawi yogwirizanitsa ndi kumasula katundu kumapeto onse.
Ogulitsa zinthu pa intaneti omwe amagulitsa zinthu m'malire kwa ogula aku Austria akutembenukira kwambiri ku DDP (Delivered Duty Paid). Pansi pa DDP, wogulitsa katundu waku China kapena mnzake wothandizana naye pa nkhani ya katundu ali ndi udindo wochotsa katundu, misonkho ndi misonkho yonse, kupereka zinthu pakhomo la wogula popanda ndalama zina. Chitsanzochi chimapangitsa kuti wogula azitha kupeza zinthu mosavuta koma chimafuna kuti wogulitsa kapena wothandizira wake akhale ndi EU EORI ndikusamalira kulembetsa kwa VAT kapena kutsatira malamulo a IOSS - apa ndi pomwe mnzake wodziwa bwino ntchito yonyamula katundu amakhala wofunikira.
Zolakwa Zokwera Mtengo Kwambiri Zimene Ogulitsa Zinthu ku China Amachita — Ndi Momwe Mungapewere
Popeza tagwira ntchito ndi China-Europe freight kwa zaka zoposa khumi, njira zolakwikazi sizisintha. Cholakwika chachikulu kwambiri ndi kusokoneza zinthu pansi pa HS code yolakwika, kaya mwangozi kapena mwadala. Akuluakulu a kasitomu ku Austria ndi EU awonjezera kufufuza kwa automated pakati pa HS codes ndi mafotokozedwe a ma invoice a bizinesi mu 2025. Kusiyana kumeneku kumabweretsa ma audit ndi chindapusa chomwe chingafike pa 30% ya mtengo wa zinthuzo - kuwonjezera pa tariffs zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa.
Vuto lachiwiri lomwe limapezeka kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa mtengo wa zinthu zomwe zili pa invoice yamalonda. Izi ndi chinyengo cha misonkho, ndipo akuluakulu a misonkho amadziwa bwino mitengo yamsika ya zinthu wamba zaku China. Amalemba mitengo yomwe idanenedwa motsutsana ndi ma database, machitidwe amalonda apaintaneti ndi deta yakale yotumizira. Kwa mabizinesi ovomerezeka, chiopsezo chopezeka (ndi kuwonongeka kwa mbiri yawo ndi kulembedwa pamndandanda wa anthu osaloledwa) chimaposa kwambiri ndalama zomwe zasungidwa kwakanthawi kochepa.
Vuto lachitatu lomwe likupitirira ndi losakwanira zikalata. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri choletsa anthu kulowa m'madoko olowera ku Europe ndikusowa kapena kutsutsana pakati pa invoice ya bizinesi, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ndi bilu yonyamula katundu. Ngakhale kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha mayunitsi kapena kufotokozera kolakwika kwa zinthuzo - 'katundu' kapena 'katundu' m'malo mwa dzina la chinthu china - kungathandize kuti chilolezocho chisathe kwa masiku kapena milungu ingapo pamene ofesi ya kasitomu ikufunsani zambiri. Zinthu zimaipiraipira ngati simuyankha mwachangu mafunso okhudza kasitomu.
Mwachitsanzo, ogulitsa zinthu ang'onoang'ono ambiri aku China ndi ogulitsa pa intaneti savutika ndi kuyika chizindikiro cha CE ndi malamulo a EU okhudzana ndi kutsata zinthu mpaka zinthu zawo zitayamba kale. Simungapeze zikalata zotsimikizira kutsata zinthuzo zinthuzo zitafika pamalire, nthawi yomweyo. Zilengezo za CE zomwe sizovomerezeka zidzapangitsa kuti zamagetsi, zoseweretsa, zinthu zachipatala ndi zida zodzitetezera zisungidwe kapena kuwonongedwa.
Momwe Kutumiza ku Topway Kumathandizira Kuti Zinthu Zanu Zikhale Zosavuta ku China ndi Austria
Kaya ndi kugawa kwa TARIC ndi kulembetsa kwa IOSS, kapena kugwirizanitsa kutsatira malamulo a CE ndi kutumiza DDP, kutsatira njira za kasitomu ku Austria kungakhale ntchito yovuta yomwe imapangidwa kukhala yosavuta kwambiri ndi thandizo la akatswiri. Apa ndi pomwe Topway Shipping imagwira ntchito.
Kuyambira mu 2010, Topway Shipping yomwe ili ku Shenzhen yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zotumizira katundu kudzera m'mabanki. Yokhazikitsidwa ndi gulu la zaka zoposa 15 la chidziwitso pa ntchito zotumizira katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso zochotsera katundu kudzera m'makhothi, Topway Shipping yapeza chidziwitso chochuluka pazovuta zokhudzana ndi malamulo ndi magwiridwe antchito zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita kumayiko ena.
Ubale wa pakati pa China ndi US ndiye mphamvu yaikulu ya Topway. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zake zimaphimba unyolo wonse wazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe ochokera ku mafakitale aku China, ndi akunja. kuwuza, chilolezo cha akatswiri pa kasitomu, komanso kutumiza katundu wodalirika wa mtunda wautali. Topway ili ndi njira zosinthira zotumizira katundu wa panyanja za Full Container Load (FCL) ndi Less-than-Container-Load (LCL) kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu aku Europe kwa otumiza kunja omwe akutumiza ku Austria ndi msika wonse waku Europe. Kaya mumatumiza pallet kapena chidebe chodzaza, timapereka mitengo yopikisana komanso ntchito yodalirika.
Kwa makampani omwe akuchita malonda apa intaneti odutsa malire, ukatswiri wa Topway pa njira zochotsera katundu wa katundu wa pa kasitomu ndi wofunika kwambiri. Amadziwa bwino malamulo a EU okhudza katundu wa pa kasitomu, kutsatira malamulo a IOSS okhudza katundu wotsika mtengo wa B2C komanso zofunikira pa zikalata zomwe zimasiyanitsa chilolezo chosavuta ndi kukhala ndi katundu wokwera mtengo. Kutumiza katundu wa pa Topway ndi njira yokhayo yolumikizirana. Sitisiya ogulitsa katundu kuti apeze njira yawo yodutsa m'malo osadziwika bwino a malamulo okha - timasamalira unyolo wa katundu kuyambira pachipata cha fakitale cha ogulitsa anu mpaka pakhomo la kasitomala wanu waku Austria.
Topway Shipping ndi katswiri wa zamayendedwe omwe ali ndi luso lokuthandizani kukulitsa ntchito zanu zotumizira katundu pakati pa China ndi Austria, kupewa kuchedwa, ndalama zosayembekezereka za msonkho kapena mavuto okhudzana ndi kutsata malamulo, ndikupangitsa kuti unyolo wanu wogulitsa ukhale wogwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti ndalama zanu zikhale zotetezeka.
Kutsiliza
Kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria n'kovuta kwambiri kuposa kungosungitsa chidebe ndi kutumiza invoice. Kumafuna chidziwitso chogwira ntchito cha malamulo a EU, kugawa bwino HS, zikalata zosamala, kutsatira malamulo a VAT kuphatikiza IOSS pa malonda apaintaneti komanso kudziwa momwe zinthu zoletsedwa komanso zoletsedwa zimagwiritsidwira ntchito m'malire a EU. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti dongosololi ndi lolimba koma lodziwikiratu. Tsatirani malamulo ndipo katundu wanu adzayenda mosavuta; musawamvere ndipo mudzalipira ndalama zambiri mukachedwa, mutaya chindapusa komanso mukatenga katundu.
Dzikoli likulandira gawo lalikulu la zinthu zochokera ku China, kuyambira zamagetsi ndi nsalu mpaka mipando ndi zida zamafakitale, ndipo olowa m'dzikolo opambana adzakhala omwe ayamba kutsatira malamulo kuyambira tsiku loyamba. Kaya ndinu wogulitsa katundu woyamba ku Austria, kapena wogulitsa wodziwika bwino ku China amene akukulitsa ntchito yanu ku Ulaya, kumvetsetsa miyambo sikofunikira. Ndi maziko omwe zinthu zina zonse zimamangidwira.
Simuyenera kuphunzira zofunikira zonse nokha ndi ogwira ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito zonyamula katundu monga Topway Shipping. Koma muyenera kudziwa bwino malo ake kuti mufunse mafunso ofunikira, kuwona magetsi ofiira, ndikupanga zisankho zolondola za momwe katundu wanu amafikira kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria. Bukuli limakupatsani maziko amenewo.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQs)
Q: Kodi ndikufunika nambala ya EORI kuti nditumize katundu ku Austria kuchokera ku China?
A: Inde. Mabungwe onse omwe amatumiza katundu ku EU, kuphatikizapo Austria, ayenera kukhala ndi nambala yovomerezeka ya EORI. Popanda izi, chilengezo chanu cha kasitomu sichingakonzedwe ndipo katundu wanu adzasungidwa. Mu EU, ogula amalembetsa mwachindunji ndi Zollamt Österreich. Otumiza kunja aku China omwe amatumiza katundu motsatira malamulo a DDP nthawi zambiri amakonza EORI kudzera mwa woimira zachuma wa EU.
Q: Kodi VAT nthawi zonse imalipidwa pa katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku Austria, ngakhale wotsika mtengo?
A: Inde. Mosiyana ndi msonkho wa msonkho, womwe umachotsedwa pa katundu wotumizidwa wa €150 kapena kuchepera, VAT ili ndi malire a de minimis a zero euro, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imagwira ntchito pa malonda onse olowa m'dzikolo mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wake. Ogulitsa angagwiritse ntchito dongosolo la IOSS la EU kuti asonkhanitse ndikutumiza VAT pamalo ogulitsira katundu wotumizidwa pa intaneti wa B2C wosakwana €150.
Q: Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati ndiyika katundu wanga pansi pa HS code yolakwika?
Yankho: Kusayika bwino zinthu kungapangitse kuti munthu alandire chilango cha 30% ya mtengo wa zinthuzo, kuphatikizapo ndalama zomwe sizinalipidwe mokwanira. Nthawi zina, katundu angatengedwe. Nthawi zonse funsani katswiri wa kasitomu kapena broker kuti mutsimikizire khodi yanu ya TARIC ya manambala 10 musanatumize.
Q: Kodi ndingatumize zamagetsi kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria popanda chizindikiro cha CE?
A: Ayi. Zamagetsi, Zoseweretsa, Makina ndi mitundu ina ya zinthu zomwe zimalamulidwa zimafuna kuti chizindikiro cha CE chigulitsidwe pamsika wa EU. Zinthu zomwe sizikupezeka ndi zikalata zoyenera za CE ndi kuvomereza malamulo zitha kusungidwa ndi/kapena kuwonongedwa pamalire. Kutsatira malamulo a CE kuyenera kukonzedwa musanatumize osati pambuyo pake.
Q: Kodi nthawi yoyendera katundu wapamadzi kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria ndi yotani?
Yankho: Nthawi yotumizira ndege kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko olowera ku Europe (Hamburg, Koper, Trieste) ndi masiku pafupifupi 25 mpaka 35. Perekani masiku awiri kapena asanu kuti muyendetse mizinda ya ku Austria. Kutumiza ndege kupita ku eyapoti yapadziko lonse ya Vienna nthawi zambiri kumatenga masiku 5-7 kuchokera ku malo akuluakulu oyendera ndege aku China.
Q: Kodi kutumiza kwa DDP kumatanthauza chiyani ndipo kodi ndikoyenera ku Austria?
A: DDP (Delivered Duty Payed) imatanthauza kuti wogulitsayo ali ndi udindo wolipira misonkho yonse ya msonkho, ndalama zolipirira ndi misonkho, ndipo amapereka katunduyo kumalo a wogula popanda ndalama zina zowonjezera. Zabwino kwambiri potumiza katundu ku Austria kudzera pa intaneti, koma wogulitsayo kapena mnzake wothandizana naye pa nkhani ya mayendedwe ayenera kukhala ndi EU EORI ndikusamalira kutsatira malamulo a VAT kumbali ya EU.
