Kufotokozedwa kwa Nambala ya EORI: Buku Losavuta kwa Ogulitsa Zinthu ku Germany Koyamba
Introduction
EORI ndi mawu oyamba omwe amamveka mukanyamula katundu kupita ku Germany koyamba, kaya ndinu wogulitsa pa intaneti, wogulitsa zinthu ku Europe, kapena kampani yaying'ono yomwe ikuyang'ana zinthu zolowera mwachindunji. Nambala ya Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) ndi yomwe akuluakulu a kasitomu a EU amagwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira bizinesi iliyonse kapena munthu aliyense amene amachita bizinesi padziko lonse lapansi. Katundu wanu sangadutse popanda kasitomu. Ndicho chimene chachitika.
Lingaliro ndi losavuta, koma mfundo zake ndizofunikira kwambiri pa moyo weniweni. Ndi dziko liti lomwe muyenera kulembetsa? Kodi nambala yanu ya EORI imagwira ntchito m'maiko onse a EU? Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukatumiza ndi DDP Incoterms m'malo mwa DAP? Ndi mapepala ati omwe mukufuna? Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, nchiyani chinasintha ndi EU's Import Control System 2 (ICS2), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mokwanira paulendo wapamsewu ndi sitima mu 2025?
Phunziroli likufotokoza za mbali zonse za nambala ya EORI ya anthu oyamba kuitanitsa ku Germany, kuphatikizapo zomwe ili, amene akuifuna, momwe mtundu wake umagwirira ntchito, momwe angalembetsere, komanso momwe ogwira ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito monga Topway Shipping angakuthandizireni kupewa kuchedwa komwe kumadabwitsa anthu ambiri omwe akuyamba kutumiza.
Kodi Nambala ya EORI ndi Chiyani Ndipo N’chifukwa Chiyani Ilipo?
Pa Julayi 1, 2009, dongosolo la EORI linayamba kugwira ntchito m'maiko onse a EU. Linasintha manambala osiyanasiyana a zizindikiritso za misonkho omwe dziko lililonse lomwe lili membala linkagwiritsa ntchito poyendetsa bizinesi yawo. EORI isanachitike, bizinesi yomwe inkabweretsa katundu ku Germany ndikugulitsanso ku France inkafunika manambala osiyanasiyana a zizindikiritso m'dziko lililonse. Kusamukira ku chizindikiritso chimodzi cha EU chomwe mayiko onse 27 omwe ali mamembala amazindikira chinali sitepe yayikulu yopangitsa kuti kayendetsedwe ka misonkho kagwire ntchito bwino pamsika umodzi.
Nambala ya EORI imachita zinthu ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, imatchula woyendetsa zachuma pa chikalata chilichonse cha kasitomu, kuphatikizapo kulowa kulikonse kolowera, kulengeza kutumiza kunja, kayendetsedwe ka mayendedwe, ndi njira zoyendetsera kasitomu. Chachiwiri, imapatsa akuluakulu a kasitomu njira yopezera bizinesi yotsimikizika, yolembetsedwa, yomwe imawathandiza kusonkhanitsa misonkho yolowera kunja ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zazikulu za EU za chitetezo ndi chitetezo pamalire. Si nambala ya VAT, nambala yolembetsera msonkho, kapena code yogawa zinthu. Ndi chizindikiritso cholondola komanso chokhacho cha kasitomu.
Mfundo yakuti dongosolo la EORI silitha ntchito ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Nambala ya EORI ndi yabwino kwa moyo wonse pokhapokha ngati mwiniwakeyo apempha kuti ichotsedwe kapena ayimitse kuchita bizinesi. Kasitomu amasunga deta kwa zaka khumi mutachotsa kulembetsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito polembetsa ngati woitanitsa koyamba zidzakhala zothandiza nthawi yonse yomwe mukuchita bizinesi ndi EU.
Mtundu: Kodi Nambala ya EORI ya ku Germany Imawoneka Bwanji?
Khodi ya dziko ya ISO yokhala ndi zilembo ziwiri yotsatiridwa ndi mndandanda wa zilembo za alphanumeric wodziwika bwino ndi mtundu wokhazikika wa manambala a EORI m'maiko onse a EU. Dipatimenti ya Customs Information and Knowledge Management, kapena IWM Zoll, ndi bungwe lomwe limapereka nambala ya Germany. Nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi "DE" kenako nambala yolembetsera VAT ya kampaniyo. Kampani yaku Germany yokhala ndi nambala ya VAT 123456789 ingapeze nambala ya EORI DE123456789, mwachitsanzo.
Kwa makampani omwe ali kunja kwa EU omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji miyambo ya ku Germany, yomwe imachitika kawirikawiri kwa ogulitsa aku China omwe amagwira ntchito ngati otumiza zinthu zakale, mawonekedwe ake akadali "DE" kutsatiridwa ndi chizindikiritso chamkati. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mwina sangakhale ndi nambala ya VAT yaku Germany akamagwira ntchito. Khodi yonse yolembetsa ikhoza kukhala ndi zilembo 17: zilembo ziwiri za dzikolo, manambala 10, ndi zilembo zina zisanu.
Kwa makampani omwe amagwira ntchito m'maiko oposa limodzi a EU, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nambala ya EORI yochokera kumayiko aliwonse omwe ali mamembala a EU ndi yovomerezeka m'maiko onse 27 omwe ali mamembala. Simukusowa nambala yosiyana ya EORI pa dziko lililonse lomwe mumalowetsa kapena kutumiza. Kampani yomwe imalembetsa ku Germany ingagwiritse ntchito EORI yake yaku Germany kuti igwire ntchito zamisonkho m'dziko lililonse la EU, kuphatikiza Netherlands, Poland, France, ndi ena. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa momwe mafomu a EORI amasiyanirana malinga ndi dziko. Izi zikuthandizani kuwona deta yomwe mumapeza kuchokera kwa ogwirizana nawo pamalonda.
| Country | Mtundu wa EORI | Mwachitsanzo | Opereka ovomerezeka |
| Germany | DE + mpaka manambala 15 | DE123456789 | Zambiri za Kasitomu (IWM Zoll) |
| France | FR + 11 zilembo za alfabeti | FR12345678901 | Direction Générale des Douanes |
| Netherlands | NL + RSIN/BSN + manambala atatu | NL123456789B01 | Belastingdienst/Douane |
| Poland | PL + manambala 10 (NIP) | PL1234567890 | Izba Administracji Skarbowej |
| Italy | Nambala ya IT + VAT | Zamgululi | Agenzia delle Dogane |
Ndani Akufunika Nambala ya EORI? Kusanthula Koyenera
Malinga ndi lamulo la EU pa EORI, "wogwira ntchito zachuma" aliyense ayenera kupeza nambala asanayambe ntchito ya kasitomu. Mawu oti "wogwira ntchito zachuma" ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Amaphatikizapo munthu aliyense kapena kampani yomwe ikuchita ntchito zokhudzana ndi kasitomu monga gawo la bizinesi yawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi bizinesi iliyonse yomwe imabweretsa kapena kutumiza katundu kudutsa malire a EU imafunikira nambala.
Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa ogulitsa omwe sali mu EU ndipo akufuna kutumiza ku Germany. Ngati ndinu wogulitsa waku China kapena wopanga waku US wotumiza katundu kwa wogula waku Germany, kaya mukufuna nambala ya EORI kapena ayi zimadalira kwambiri Incoterms mu mgwirizano wanu wogulitsa. Pamene mawu a DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) agwiritsidwa ntchito, wogulitsayo ali ndi udindo wochotsa misonkho ndi kulipira ndalama zonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wogulitsa ndiye wobweretsa katundu, motero amafunikira nambala yawo ya EORI. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mawu a DAP (Delivered at Place) kapena DDU, kasitomala amasamalira misonkho, ndipo wogulitsayo safuna nambala ya EORI pa kutumiza kumeneko.
Makampani ogulitsa pa intaneti omwe amadutsa malire akuwonjezera mavuto ambiri. Dongosolo la Import One-Stop Shop (IOSS) tsopano likusonkhanitsa VAT pamapaketi a €150 kapena kuchepera. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kusintha kwa VAT kwa EU pa malonda apa intaneti kunayamba kugwira ntchito mu Julayi 2021. Koma kulembetsa ku IOSS sikulowa m'malo kapena kuchotsa kufunikira kwa nambala ya EORI pa kulengeza za kasitomu. Wothandizira kasitomu kapena mnzanu wokwaniritsa zomwe akulemba adzafunikabe EORI yovomerezeka kuti achite izi.
| Mtundu wa Amalonda | Mukufuna EORI? | zolemba |
| Kampani yochokera ku EU yotumiza/kutumiza kunja | Inde — chokakamiza | Lemberani ku dziko lomwe lili membala wa EU |
| Kampani yosakhala ya EU yomwe imagwira ntchito yotumiza zinthu zakale ku Germany | Inde — chokakamiza | Lemberani ku IWM Zoll; mungagwiritse ntchito Fomu 0870 |
| Kutumiza kwa ogulitsa omwe si a EU pansi pa DDP Incoterms | Inde — chokakamiza | Wogulitsa amagwira ntchito ngati wotumiza kunja ndipo amafunikira EORI yake |
| Kutumiza kwa ogulitsa omwe si a EU pansi pa DAP/DDU | Ayi — EORI ya wogula yagwiritsidwa ntchito | Wogula kapena wothandizira msonkho amasamalira chilolezo |
| Malonda apaintaneti odutsa malire (B2C, mtengo wotsika < €150) | Makhalidwe | IOSS imaphimba VAT; EORI ikufunikabe kwa wothandizira kasitomu |
| Munthu payekha (kulowetsa zinthu kunja nthawi zina) | Nthawi zambiri ayi | Pokhapokha ngati ntchito yokhazikika yogulitsa kunja |
Zosintha za ICS2 za 2024–2025: Chifukwa Chake Kutsatira Malamulo a EORI Kunakhala Kofunika Kwambiri
Kuyambitsidwa kwa ICS2, Import Control System 2, kwakhala kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri m'malamulo olowera ku EU m'zaka zaposachedwa. Dongosolo latsopano la chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha misonkho la EU lisanafike cholinga chake ndi kusonkhanitsa ndikuwunika deta ya katundu katundu asanafike kumalire a EU. Linatenga malo a dongosolo lakale la ICS ndipo lakhala likuyambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuyambira 2021.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri la ICS2 Release 3 kwa otumiza katundu wamba linali pamene linayamba kugwira ntchito pa June 3, 2024. Linawonjezera ogwira ntchito zapamadzi, zamisewu, ndi za sitima pamndandanda wa omwe anayenera kupereka zambiri za katundu pasadakhale, ndikumaliza kuphimba njira zonse zoyendera. Kuyambira tsikuli, aliyense wotumiza katundu ku EU, Norway, Switzerland, kapena Northern Ireland kudzera munjira iliyonse yoyendera ayenera kukhala ndi khodi ya Harmonized System (HS) ya manambala asanu ndi limodzi ya chinthu chilichonse pa invoice yamalonda, pamodzi ndi mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane a katunduyo, katunduyo asanafike. Pofika pa September 1, 2025, nthawi yomaliza yotumizira ICS2 Release 3 inali itatsekedwa. Pofika nthawiyi, ogwira ntchito onse azachuma anayenera kulumikizidwa ku dongosolo la ICS2 ndikutumiza Zidziwitso Zachidule Zolowera (ENS).
Izi zikutanthauza kuti EORI ya wotumiza katundu, kapena munthu amene amalandira zinthuzo, tsopano ndi gawo lofunikira pa pempho lililonse la ENS la kutumiza katundu ku EU. Ichi ndi chofunikira chovuta kuposa momwe ambiri otumiza katundu amaganizira. Kale, mapangano ena osavomerezeka olowera katundu amatha kuchitika popanda EORI ya wotumiza katunduyo kulowetsedwa bwino mu makina pasadakhale. Zimenezo sizingathekenso ndi ICS2. ENS iyenera kukhala ndi EORI ya wotumiza katunduyo katunduyo asanafike kumeneko. Ngati palibe, chilengezo cholowera chidzakanidwa, ndipo kutumizako kungachitike.
Momwe Mungalembetsere Nambala ya EORI ku Germany
Njira zopezera nambala ya EORI yaku Germany ndizosiyana kwa makampani omwe ali ku EU ndi omwe amachita bizinesi ochokera kunja kwa EU. Njira zonse ziwirizi zimabweretsa zotsatira zomwezo, koma mapepala ndi nthawi yokonza zinthu ndizosiyana kotero ndikofunikira kudziwa chilichonse pachokha.
Kwa Makampani Okhazikitsidwa ndi EU
Ngati bizinesi yanu yalembetsedwa ku Germany kapena dziko lina la EU, njira yachangu yofikira kumeneko ndi kudzera ku Zoll.de, tsamba lovomerezeka la miyambo ya ku Germany (Bundeszollverwaltung). Kuti mufike ku gawo la EORI, sankhani ngati ndinu bizinesi kapena munthu payekha. Kenako lembani fomu ya pa intaneti ndi zambiri za kampani yanu, kufotokozera zomwe bizinesi yanu imachita, ndi nambala yanu ya msonkho yaku Germany. Nthawi yokonza nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku awiri kapena atatu ogwira ntchito mutatumiza fomu yanu. Kenako mudzalandira nambala yanu ya EORI kudzera pa imelo kapena kudzera mu akaunti yanu ya portal. Palibe mtengo wa ntchitoyi.
Kwa Makampani Akunja Osakhala a EU
Makampani ochokera kunja kwa EU omwe alibe ofesi ku EU, kuphatikizapo ochokera ku China, US, kapena mayiko ena omwe si a EU omwe akufuna kukhala otumiza zolemba ku Germany, ayenera kudzaza Fomu 0870, fomu yayikulu ya data ya EORI, ndikuitumiza mwachindunji ku IWM Zoll. Mutha kutumiza fomuyi kudzera pa imelo, positi, kapena fakisi. ID yovomerezeka ya woyimira milandu wa kampaniyo, chidutswa chochokera ku kampaniyi. kunyumba-kaundula wamalonda wa dziko (kapena chikalata chofanana ndi kulembetsa), ndi nambala yolembetsa ya kampani ya amalonda okhaokha zonse zimafunika.
Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kukonza ma fomu ochokera kwa anthu akunja kwa EU kuposa ochokera kwa anthu omwe ali mkati mwa EU. Nthawi zambiri, zimatenga masiku asanu mpaka khumi ogwira ntchito, koma izi zitha kutenga nthawi yayitali ngati mapepalawo sali odzaza kapena ngati pakufunika zambiri. Nambalayo imaperekedwabe kwaulere. Akatswiri okonza zinthu amalimbikitsa kwambiri kuyamba fomu ya EORI milungu itatu isanafike tsiku lanu loyamba lotumizira, osati sabata yatha.
Mndandanda wa Zolemba Pang'onopang'ono
| Chikalata / Chinthu | Kampani Yokhazikitsidwa ndi EU | Kampani Yachilendo Yosakhala ya EU |
| Fomu yofunsira | Pa intaneti kudzera pa Zoll.de portal | Fomu 0870 (imelo/imelo/fax ku IWM Zoll) |
| Chidutswa cholembetsa kampani | Zofunikira (Handelsregister) | Chofunika (chofanana ndi dziko lakwawo) |
| Nambala ya VAT / Chizindikiritso cha Misonkho | Zofunikira (Steuernummer / USt-IdNr.) | Zofunika ngati zilipo |
| Adilesi yovomerezeka ku Germany | Amafuna | Woyimira zachuma ku Germany angafunike |
| Chikalata cha chizindikiritso (wotsogolera) | Amafuna | Amafuna |
| Malipiro | Zaulere | Zaulere |
| Kusanthula nthawi | Masiku awiri mpaka atatu a bizinesi (pa intaneti) | Masiku a bizinesi a 5-10 |
Ma Code a EORI, VAT, ndi HS: Kumvetsetsa Chithunzi Chonse Chotsatira Malamulo a Kasitomu
Anthu omwe akuitanitsa koyamba nthawi zambiri amasakaniza malamulo osiyanasiyana ndipo amaganiza kuti EORI, kulembetsa VAT, ndi kugawa zinthu zonse ndi chinthu chimodzi. Ndi zofunikira zosiyana zomwe zimakwaniritsa zolinga zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatsatiridwa ndi akuluakulu osiyanasiyana, komabe zimagwira ntchito limodzi mogwirizana.
Kasitomu amagwiritsa ntchito nambala yanu ya EORI kuti adziwe kuti ndinu ndani. Ofesi ya misonkho imagwiritsa ntchito nambala yanu ya VAT kuti idziwe kuti misonkho yanu ya VAT ndi yotani. Khodi ya msonkho ya HS (Harmonized System) imalola akuluakulu a kasitomu ndi misonkho kudziwa zomwe mukubweretsa mdziko muno. Imakhazikitsanso kuchuluka kwa msonkho wolowera kunja, misonkho iliyonse yoletsa kutaya katundu, komanso ngati katundu wanu akufunikira ziphaso zolowera kunja kapena ziphaso zachitetezo. Zonse zitatuzi zidzalembedwa pa chikalata chanu chodziwitsa za msonkho wolowera kunja, koma zimachokera ku madipatimenti osiyanasiyana aboma ndi njira zolembetsera.
Mfundo imodzi yothandiza: kungoti muli ndi nambala ya EORI sikutsimikizira kuti mwalembetsa VAT ku Germany, ndipo mosiyana ndi zimenezo. Ngati bizinesi ku Germany yalembetsa VAT motsatira malamulo ogulitsa kutali, idzafunikabe kulembetsa nambala ya EORI padera isanapereke zinthu kudzera mu kasitomu ku Germany. Kumbali ina, kampani yomwe imalandira nambala ya EORI yotumizira katundu kamodzi kokha ingafunike kapena singafunike kulembetsa VAT, kutengera kukula ndi mtundu wa malondawo.
| Number | cholinga | Ndani Amachitulutsa | Mukachifuna |
| EORI | Dziwani woyendetsa zachuma wa misonkho | Bungwe la malamulo a kasitomu la dziko | Musanayambe kutumiza/kutumiza kunja |
| Nambala ya VAT | Kuzindikiritsa msonkho wa VAT | Bungwe la misonkho la dziko lonse | Pamene malire olembetsera VAT ayambitsidwa |
| HS Code | Ikani katundu m'magulu kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa msonkho/utumiki | Mayina Ophatikizana (EU) | Pa chilengezo chilichonse cha kasitomu |
| Nambala ya Customs Tariff | Dziwani mtengo wa msonkho wochokera kunja | EU TARIC database | Pa chilengezo chilichonse cha kasitomu |
Zolakwa Zodziwika ndi Mmene Mungapewere
Cholakwika chomwe anthu amachita akamatumiza katundu kuchokera ku Germany koyamba ndi kusapempha nambala ya EORI mpaka phukusi litachoka kale kudziko lomwe linachokera. Zinthuzo zisanafike, Chikalata Chofotokozera Chidule cha Kulowa chiyenera kukhala ndi EORI ya wotumiza katunduyo pansi pa ICS2. Ngati katundu wanu achoka ku China ndikufika ku eyapoti ya Hamburg kapena Frankfurt popanda EORI yovomerezeka, wothandizira msonkho sangatumize ENS. Chikalatacho chidzakanidwa, ndipo zinthuzo zidzasungidwa, zomwe zidzakuwonongerani ndalama zosungira katundu komanso mwina chindapusa kuwonjezera pa kuchedwa kwa chilolezo.
Vuto lina lofala ndikupereka EORI kwa munthu wolakwika. Nthawi zina, otumiza katundu amaganiza kuti EORI ya katundu wawo wonyamula katundu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa nambala ya wotumiza katunduyo. Umu si momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito. EORI mu chilengezo cholowetsa katundu imasonyeza yemwe amalowetsa katunduyo, kapena munthu amene ali ndi udindo pa katunduyo ndi misonkho ndi misonkho yomwe imabwera nayo. Kaya ndi ndani amene akusamutsa katunduyo, muyenera nambala yanu ya EORI ngati ndinu wotumiza katunduyo.
Kusankha Incoterms popanda kudziwa tanthauzo la EORI ndi cholakwika china. Ogulitsa omwe amavomereza malamulo a DDP popanda kupeza nambala ya EORI yaku Germany komanso osayang'ana ngati ali okonzeka kutenga maudindo olembetsa VAT nthawi zambiri amadzipeza akuvutika kuti apeze ziphaso zovomerezeka pansi pa nthawi yovuta, nthawi zina katunduyo akafika kale. Mukavomereza malamulo a DDP pazinthu zochokera ku EU, mukupanga kudzipereka kwakukulu komwe kumafuna kukonzekera pasadakhale mbali zonse ziwiri za malamulo komanso za kayendetsedwe ka zinthu.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumathandizira Kutsatira Malamulo Anu Ochokera Kunja ku Germany
Ngati bizinesi yanu ndi yatsopano ku Germany kapena EU, malamulo ndi malangizo akhoza kukhala osokoneza kwambiri. Izi zimakhala zoona makamaka ngati mukuyang'aniranso ogulitsa, katundu, ndi malonda.
Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen ndipo yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 2010, imadziwika kuti ndi kampani yopereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha malonda apaintaneti omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chambiri chothana ndi mavuto amtunduwu. Gulu loyambitsali lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zaukadaulo wogwira ntchito ndi mayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsera misonkho. Topway idakhazikitsidwa ku China ndipo US Transportation ndi gawo limodzi chabe la ntchito zake. Tsopano imayang'anira unyolo wonse wa mayendedwe a makasitomala otumiza ku Europe, kuphatikiza mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku fakitale kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu yophatikizana kupita ku doko lochokera, kunja kwa dzikolo. kuwuza Kumalo ogawa katundu ku Europe, kuchotsera msonkho komwe katunduyo amachokera komanso komwe akupita, komanso kutumiza katunduyo mtunda womaliza ku Germany ndi ku EU konse.
M'moyo weniweni, gulu la Topway loona za kasitomu lingathandize olowa nawo koyamba kudzaza fomu yopempha ya EORI. Adzakuuzani dziko lomwe mungalembetse kutengera komwe kutumiza kwanu koyamba kudzachitikira, kukonzekera ndikuwunikanso mapepala a Fomu 0870 a ofunsira omwe si a EU, ndikugwira ntchito ndi IWM Zoll kuti atsimikizire kuti fomuyo yatha ndikukonzedwa katundu wanu asanafike. Topway ingathandizenso makasitomala omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa aku China pazifukwa za DDP kumvetsetsa chithunzi chachikulu, monga malire olembetsera VAT yaku Germany, zofunikira za wothandizira zachuma, ndi kugawa misonkho yochokera kumayiko ena pazinthu zina.
Kwa otumiza katundu omwe akufunika kusuntha katundu wambiri, Topway imaperekanso ntchito zosinthira zonyamula katundu wa m'nyanja (FCL) ndi katundu wochepa kuposa chidebe (LCL) kuchokera ku madoko aku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu aku Europe kuphatikiza Hamburg, Rotterdam, ndi Felixstowe. Ndi mphamvu iyi yamitundu yambiri, makasitomala amatha kulumikizana ndi mnzawo m'modzi yekha woyendetsa katundu kuchokera pakhomo la fakitale kupita ku malo okwaniritsira katundu ku Europe, m'malo mokhala ndi mgwirizano pakati pa ogulitsa angapo. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wokhala ndi mipata yolemba zikalata komanso kuchedwa kutsatira malamulo pamalire.
Kutsimikizira ndi Kusamalira Nambala Yanu ya EORI
Nambala yanu ya EORI iyenera kukhala pa chilengezo chilichonse cha kasitomu chomwe mupanga, kuphatikizapo zilengezo zotumizira ndi kutumiza kunja, mayendedwe oyendera, ndi zopempha zilizonse zokhudzana ndi zisankho za kasitomu, monga kupeza udindo wa Authorized Economic Operator (AEO). Tsamba la European Commission's Taxation and Customs Union lili ndi chida chotsimikizira cha EORI chomwe chimalola aliyense kuwona ngati nambala ya EORI ndi yovomerezeka ndikuwona dzina la mwiniwake ndi adilesi. Iyi ndi njira yothandiza yowunikira manambala a EORI a ogwirizana nawo malonda musanalandire katundu wa DDP kapena kulemba ntchito othandizira kasitomu.
Chifukwa kampani imodzi yokha ikhoza kukhala ndi nambala imodzi yovomerezeka ya EORI nthawi imodzi—nthambi ndi malo okhazikika sangakhale ndi manambala awoawo—kusunga zolemba ndikofunikira. Makampani omwe adakula kukhala mayiko oposa limodzi a EU isanafike 2009 angakhalebe ndi manambala akale adziko lonse m'zolemba zawo. Ngati IWM Zoll ipeza kampani yomwe ili ndi manambala oposa limodzi a EORI kuyambira nthawi yosinthira, idzalumikizana nayo kuti iwaphatikize kukhala nambala imodzi yovomerezeka. Ngati mukuganiza kuti izi zingagwire ntchito ku kampani yanu, ndi bwino kuyang'ana momwe mukulembetsera nokha kusiyana ndi kudikira kuti mufufuze ngati pali malamulo.
Kutsiliza
Nambala ya EORI ndi imodzi mwa magawo ofunikira kwambiri pakutsata malamulo a kasitomu ku EU, komabe ndi imodzi mwa zosavuta kuiwala mpaka itakhala vuto lalikulu. Kwa anthu omwe akubweretsa katundu ku Germany koyamba, kudziwa kuti ndi chiyani, ndani akuchifuna, momwe angachipezere, komanso momwe chikugwirizanirana ndi malamulo ndi malamulo (ICS2, VAT, HS codes, Incoterms) si ntchito ya bureaucratic chabe. Ndi maziko omwe amapangitsa kuti chilolezo cha kasitomu chiyende bwino, popanda chilango kapena kuchedwa.
Zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuthana ndi misonkho ya EU ICS2 ikatha mu 2025. Pali malo ochepa kuposa kale lonse a njira zosavomerezeka zomwe oitanitsa katundu ena ankagwiritsa ntchito chifukwa ayenera kuphatikiza EORI ya wotumiza katundu pasadakhale, miyezo ya HS code ndi yolimba, ndipo njira zonse zotumizira katundu tsopano zaphimbidwa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale lonse kuti mulembetse EORI yanu moyenera ndikuichita msanga.
Masitepe ake ndi ofanana kaya ndinu wopanga waku China wotumiza chidebe chanu choyamba kwa wogulitsa ku Hamburg, wogulitsa malonda apaintaneti wodutsa malire omwe akukhazikitsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa ku Europe, kapena kampani yapadziko lonse lapansi yofufuza momwe mungapezere mitengo yabwino kwambiri yolowera ku EU. Muyenera kudziwa yemwe adzakhala wotumiza katundu wodziwika bwino, pemphani EORI m'dziko lomwe lili membala woyenera nthawi yayitali musanatumize koyamba, onetsetsani kuti mnzanu woyendetsa katundu ali ndi nambala yomwe ili pafayilo ya kutumiza kwa ENS, ndikugwira ntchito ndi wopereka katundu yemwe amadziwa zonse zokhudza kutsatira malamulo, osati kungosuntha katundu.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi ndikufunika nambala ya EORI yosiyana pa dziko lililonse la EU lomwe ndimalowetsamo?
A: Ayi. Dziko lililonse la EU lingakupatseni nambala ya EORI yomwe ndi yabwino m'maiko onse 27 omwe ali mamembala. Ngati mutumiza kudzera ku Germany, nambala yanu ya EORI yaku Germany idzagwira ntchito pa katundu wotumizidwa ku France, Netherlands, Poland, kapena dziko lina lililonse la EU.
Q: Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu apeze nambala ya EORI ku Germany?
A: Kawirikawiri zimatenga masiku awiri mpaka atatu a bizinesi kuti mabizinesi ku EU apemphe fomu pa intaneti kudzera pa Zoll.de. Ngati ndinu kampani yakunja yomwe siili ku EU ndipo mukutumiza Fomu 0870, ziyenera kutenga masiku asanu mpaka khumi a bizinesi. Lemberani fomu yanu isanakwane, osachepera milungu itatu musanachoke ngati n'kotheka.
Q: Kodi nambala ya EORI ndi yofanana ndi nambala ya VAT?
A: Ayi. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndi zolembetsa zosiyana. Bungwe la kasitomu limakupatsani nambala ya EORI, yomwe ndi chiphaso cha kasitomu. Bungwe la misonkho limakupatsani nambala ya VAT, yomwe ndi kulembetsa msonkho. Makampani ambiri amafuna zonse ziwiri, koma amazipeza m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Q: Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati katundu wanga wafika ku Germany popanda EORI yovomerezeka?
A: Ngati EORI ya wotumiza katunduyo palibe kapena siili yovomerezeka, Chikalata Chofotokozera Chidule (ENS) chidzakanidwa. Izi ndi zomwe zikuchitika tsopano motsatira miyezo ya ICS2. Zinthuzo zidzasungidwa pa eyapoti kapena padoko, ndipo adzayenera kulipira ndalama zosungira. Muyenera kudikira nthawi yayitali kuti mutulutse katunduyo mpaka mutapereka EORI yovomerezeka ndikutumizanso chikalatacho.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping ingandithandize kupeza nambala ya EORI ndikutumiza katundu ku Germany?
A: Inde. Topway Shipping imapereka chithandizo chokwanira, kuphatikizapo thandizo pa kuchotsera katundu wa pa kasitomu, kugwiritsa ntchito EORI, mayendedwe oyamba, malo osungira katundu akunja, ndi kutumiza katundu womaliza ku Europe. Topway yakhala ikugwira ntchito yokonza katundu ndi kutumiza katundu kwa zaka zoposa 15. Amathandiza makampani kutsatira malamulo a EU ochokera kumayiko ena kuyambira nthawi yoyamba kutumiza katundu.
Q: Kodi nambala ya EORI imatha ntchito?
A: Ayi. Palibe tsiku lomaliza la manambala a EORI. Ngati simupempha kuti aletsedwe kapena bizinesi yanu isiya kugulitsa, adzakhalabe ogwira ntchito kwamuyaya. Mukachotsa kulembetsa, makasitomala amasunga deta kwa zaka khumi.
