Le Havre motsutsana ndi Marseille:
Ndi Doko Liti Lomwe Limagwira Ntchito Yabwino Kwambiri pa Katundu Wanu Waku China?
France ili pakati pa malonda aku Europe. Potumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku France, otumiza katundu nthawi zambiri safunsa ngati ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito doko la ku France; amafunsa kuti ndi doko liti. Le Havre kumpoto ndi Marseille-Fos kum'mwera ndi mayina awiri omwe amaonekera kwambiri pazokambirana. Madoko onsewa ndi abwino kwambiri. Onsewa amalandira mautumiki olunjika nthawi zonse kuchokera kumizinda ikuluikulu yaku China monga Shenzhen, Shanghai, ndi Ningbo. Koma kusankha pakati pawo kungakhudze kwambiri nthawi yomwe zimatenga kuti zikafike kumeneko, mtengo wake wotumizira, komanso mphamvu ya unyolo wanu woperekera katundu.
Bukuli likufotokoza bwino phokoso ndipo limakupatsani kufananiza kothandiza kwa madoko awiriwa pogwiritsa ntchito deta. Limayang'ana zinthu monga zomangamanga, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, nthawi yoyendera, kuchuluka kwa katundu, kufalikira kwa katundu m'madera akutali, ndi mitundu ya katundu yomwe doko lililonse limagwira bwino ntchito. Ngati mukufuna kukonza bwino kayendedwe kanu pakati pa China ndi Europe, choyamba ndikumvetsetsa njira ziwirizi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukutumiza chidebe chonse cha zamagetsi kuchokera ku Guangdong kapena kuphatikiza katundu wa LCL wopita ku Lyon, muyenera kudziwa momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Madoko Awiri Mwachidule
Tisanafotokoze zambiri, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti doko lililonse ndi lotani kwenikweni. Si kadontho kokha pamapu; ndi dongosolo losinthasintha la zinthu lomwe lili ndi malo akeake.
Le Havre ndiye wopambana kwambiri ku France pankhani ya makontena. Dokoli linakwanitsa ma TEU 3.1 miliyoni mu 2024, kuwonjezeka kodabwitsa kwa 18.7% poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha. Izi zinapangitsa kuti likhale limodzi mwa madoko khumi apamwamba kwambiri ku Europe monga gawo la bungwe la HAROPA PORT, lomwe limaphatikizapo madoko a Le Havre, Rouen, ndi Paris. Ma crane asanu ndi awiri atsopano a TiL MSC gantry adabwera mu 2025. Akuti ndi akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zinapangitsa Le Havre kukhala imodzi mwa malo apamwamba kwambiri pa Northern Range. Ndi chipata chachilengedwe cholowera ku likulu la France ndi kumpoto kwa Europe konse chifukwa lili pakamwa pa Mtsinje wa Seine, makilomita 134 kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Paris.
Kumbali ina, Marseille-Fos ndi doko losiyana kwambiri. Mwachidule, ndi doko lalikulu kwambiri ku France chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa katundu, lonyamula matani opitilira 70 miliyoni a katundu mu 2024. Lili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean ndipo limagwira ntchito kwambiri mu zamagetsi ndi malonda akuluakulu. Kuchuluka kwa magalimoto m'makontena kunakwera ndi 9% mu 2024 kufika pa 1.45 miliyoni TEUs. Izi zinachitika chifukwa cha ntchito zambiri zotumizira katundu komanso kuyenda kwamphamvu kupita ndi kuchokera ku China, Algeria, Turkey, ndi Egypt. N'zosavuta kuwona momwe lilili ndi mwayi wopezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana: lili pafupi ndi njira zoyendera za ku Asia kudzera mu Suez Canal ndipo ndi malo ochitira malonda achilengedwe a Kumwera kwa Europe, North Africa, ndi Middle East.
Gome ili m'munsimu likuwonetsa manambala ofunikira kwambiri a mitu ya madoko onse:
| Miyeso | Le Havre | Marseille-Fos |
| Location | English Channel / Normandy, NW France | Nyanja ya Mediterranean, Fos-sur-Mer, S France |
| Kutuluka kwa Chidebe cha 2024 | TEU 3.1 miliyoni (+18.7% YoY) | TEU 1.45 miliyoni (+9% YoY) |
| Udindo wa ku France (zotengera) | Doko la chidebe #1 ku France | doko la chidebe #2; #1 potengera kuchuluka kwa matani onse |
| Port Authority | HAROPA PORT (Le Havre + Rouen + Paris) | Grand Port Maritime de Marseille (GPMM) |
| Kufikira m'madzi akuya | Inde — palibe zoletsa za mafunde; imagwirira ntchito zombo zazikulu | Inde — palibe mafunde kapena maloko ku Fos |
| Main Carriers (njira zaku China) | MSC, CMA CGM, Maersk, Evergreen, COSCO | CMA CGM, MSC, Maersk, COSCO, Hapag-Lloyd |
| Kuyang'ana Kwambiri ku Hinterland | Paris, N. France, Benelux, UK (kudzera pa feeder) | S. France, Italy, Spain, North Africa, Middle East |
Malo, Malo Ozungulira, ndi Kufunika kwa Msika
Jiografia si chinthu chomwe mumaphunzira kusukulu kokha; imasankhanso komwe katundu wanu amapita akamaliza kulipira msonkho wa kasitomu komanso mtengo wake.
Le Havre ili mu English Channel, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale malo abwino kwambiri okanyamula katundu wopita ku Paris ndi kumpoto kwa France. Mtsinje wa Seine umalowera molunjika mkati mwa dziko, motero maboti a mitsinje amatha kutenga makontena kuchokera ku malo otsikira ku Le Havre mpaka ku doko la Gennevilliers ku Paris. Mu 2024, kuchuluka kwa ma TEU pamsewuwu kunakwera ndi 11%. Mu 2025, kulumikizana kwa sitima zapamtunda padoko kunatumiza ma TEU 145,000 pa sitima, kuwonjezeka kwa 18% kuchokera chaka chatha. Ntchito zinagwirizanitsa Le Havre ndi Tours, Clermont-Ferrand, Lyon, ndi Bordeaux. Kapangidwe ka zinthu zambiri ku Le Havre ndikwabwino kwambiri pabizinesi ya ogulitsa katundu omwe amafunika kunyamula katundu motchipa kudutsa France.
Marseille-Fos ndi malo abwino kwambiri okhala ndi malo osiyana kwambiri. Popeza ili pafupi ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean, ndi malo abwino kwambiri operekera katundu wopita kum'mwera kwa France—Lyon, Avignon, Montpellier, Nice—kenako kumpoto kwa Italy ndi Spain. Dokoli limalumikizana ndi Mtsinje wa Rhone kuti lipereke chithandizo chamkati mwa sitima ndipo lili ndi misewu ndi njanji zabwino zolumikizirana ndi netiweki yayikulu yolumikizirana ndi zinthu kum'mwera kwa Europe. Makampani omwe ali ndi ogula kapena maunyolo ogulitsa ku Mediterranean kapena North Africa ndi Levant nthawi zambiri amapeza kuti Marseille ndi malo abwino kwambiri ochitira bizinesi. Ilinso ndi ntchito za sitima zapamadzi ndi RoRo zopita kumadoko aku North Africa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yolowera katundu pakati pa Asia, Europe, ndi Africa.
Ngati malo anu omaliza otumizira katundu ndi Paris, Lille, Normandy, kapena UK kudzera pa forward feeder, Le Havre ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Pa kutumiza katundu ku Lyon, Marseille, French Riviera, kumpoto kwa Italy, kapena kwina kulikonse pafupi ndi Mediterranean basin, Marseille-Fos ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri.
Port Infrastructure ndi Kutha
Ubwino wa zomangamanga za doko umakhudza mwachindunji momwe katundu wanu amayendera bwino, kuyambira liwiro la kuchotsedwa kwa katundu wa msonkho mpaka nthawi yotulukira komanso kuchuluka kwa ma cranes.
Malo osungiramo zombo za Port 2000 ku Le Havre ndi amodzi mwa abwino kwambiri kumpoto kwa Europe. Amatha kunyamula zombo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi popanda mavuto aliwonse omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mafunde, zomwe ndi zabwino kwambiri kuposa madoko ena. Dokoli lili ndi malo asanu akuluakulu apanyanja komanso malo osungira zombo oposa khumi ndi awiri. Pamodzi, amatha kunyamula ma TEU opitilira 3 miliyoni pachaka. Pambuyo pa kuwonjezeredwa kwaposachedwa, Terminaux de Normandie yokha imatha kunyamula ma TEU opitilira 1.8 miliyoni. Makina odziyimira pawokha akupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, ndi ma crane ambiri amagetsi ndi machitidwe a AGV akugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo ofunikira.
Marseille-Fos ili ndi ziyeneretso zabwino kwambiri. Dokoli lili ndi malo atatu akuluakulu osungiramo makontena ku Fos-sur-Mer: Terminal de la Méditerranée (yoyang'aniridwa ndi Eurofos/PortSynergy ndipo imatha kusunga 1.5 miliyoni TEU), MedEurope Terminal, ndi Fos2XL Terminal. Kutalika konse kwa malo osungiramo sitima ndi makilomita 2.6, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zazitali kwambiri ku Europe. Zombo zazikulu zimatha kuima popanda vuto lililonse chifukwa palibe zoletsa za mafunde kapena kutsekeka. Malo owunikira malire okhala ndi ntchito zonse za boma ali pamalo omwewo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukonza zinthu zakunja kukhale kosavuta pamalo olowera.
Le Havre ikadali patsogolo pankhani ya mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zake, ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zokha, komanso kuchuluka kwa mautumiki opita ku China pankhani ya zomangamanga zamakontena. Marseille-Fos ikugwira ntchito ndikupereka ndalama ku doko lake, koma ikadali ndi makontena pafupifupi theka kuposa ofanana nawo kumpoto.
Nthawi Yoyendera Kuchokera ku China
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kuganizira pokhazikitsa njira yogulira zinthu ndi nthawi yoyendera. Imafotokoza nthawi yoti mubwezeretse zinthu zanu, nthawi yoti mupereke kwa makasitomala, komanso momwe mungasamalire ndalama zanu.
Sitima zikadutsa mu Suez Canal, madoko awiriwa amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi nthawi yoyendera kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira. Marseille-Fos ili ndi malire pang'ono chifukwa ili kutali ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean. Sitima zomwe zimaima pamenepo siziyenera kupita kumpoto kudzera mu English Channel zitadutsa Gibraltar. Kusiyana kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala masiku atatu mpaka asanu ndi awiri potengera Marseille potumiza kuchokera kumizinda ikuluikulu yaku China monga Shanghai, Ningbo, ndi Shenzhen. Koma phindu limeneli limapita kwambiri sitima zikasintha njira kuti zikafike ku Cape of Good Hope. Izi zinachitika kwambiri pambuyo poti vuto la Red Sea linayamba kukhudza kutumiza padziko lonse lapansi kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2023 ndipo linapitirira mpaka 2024-2025. Panjira ya Cape, nthawi zoyendera madoko onsewa zitha kukhala masiku 38 mpaka 48, kutengera ntchito ya sitima.
Gome ili m'munsimu likuwonetsa nthawi yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa yoyendera misewu yodziwika bwino ya sitima zapamadzi pakati pa China ndi France:
| Origin Port (China) | Kupita | njira | Nthawi Yoyenda | Maulendo Antchito |
| Shanghai / Ningbo | Le Havre | Kudzera pa Suez Canal | Masiku 28-35 | Weekly |
| Shenzhen / Guangzhou | Le Havre | Kudzera pa Suez Canal | Masiku 30-38 | Weekly |
| Shanghai / Ningbo | Marseille-Fos | Kudzera pa Suez Canal | Masiku 25-32 | Weekly |
| Shenzhen / Guangzhou | Marseille-Fos | Kudzera pa Suez Canal | Masiku 27-35 | Weekly |
| Doko lililonse la China | Le Havre kapena Marseille | Kudzera ku Cape of Good Hope | Masiku 38-48 | Zimasintha |
Dziwani: Kumbukirani kuti nthawi zonse zoyendera ndi zowerengera kuchokera ku doko kupita ku doko. Kutumiza katundu kuchokera khomo kupita khomo kuyenera kutenga nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha mayendedwe amkati, kuchotsera msonkho wa msonkho (komwe nthawi zambiri kumatenga tsiku limodzi kapena atatu ku France kuti phukusi likonzedwe bwino), komanso kutumiza katundu womaliza.
Mitengo Yonyamula Katundu: Zoyenera Kuyembekezera mu 2025–2026
Pambuyo pofika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri mu 2021 ndi 2022, mitengo ya katundu wa panyanja pakati pa China ndi France yatsika kwambiri ndipo ipitiliza kutsika mpaka kumayambiriro kwa 2026. Drewry's World Container Index imati mtengo wapakati wa chidebe cha mamita 40 padziko lonse lapansi unali pafupifupi $1,995 kumayambiriro kwa February 2026. Izi zatsika pafupifupi 40% kuchokera nthawi yomweyo mu 2025. Pamene Chaka Chatsopano cha Lunar ku China chikuyandikira, kufunikira kunachepa mosayembekezereka, zomwe zinathandiza kuchepetsa mitengo ya malo kuposa momwe akatswiri ambiri adaneneratu. Kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino katundu, makampani angapo onyamula katundu adayenera kuletsa kuyenda kwa sitima.
Mitengo ya Marseille-Fos nthawi zambiri imakhala $50 mpaka $150 pa TEU iliyonse yocheperapo kuposa mitengo ya Le Havre ya misewu yochokera ku China kupita ku France. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti pali mautumiki ochepa olunjika ndipo mpikisano pakati pa onyamula katundu ndi wosiyana. Koma mtengo wonse wofikira kumeneko umasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi komwe mukufuna kutumiza. Ngati katundu wanu akupitadi ku Paris, ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera katunduyo kudziko lina zingathandize kuchepetsa ndalama zotumizira katunduyo panyanja kupita ku Marseille. Nazi zitsanzo za mitengo ya 2025:
| Njira (ku China kupita ku France) | 20ft FCL (USD) | 40ft FCL (USD) | LCL (USD/CBM) | zolemba |
| Shenzhen kupita ku Le Havre | $ 1,200- $ 1,500 | $ 1,850- $ 2,150 | $ 25- $ 45 | Ziwerengero za msika wa 2025 |
| Shanghai kupita ku Le Havre | $ 1,150- $ 1,450 | $ 1,800- $ 2,100 | $ 25- $ 45 | Ziwerengero za msika wa 2025 |
| Kuchokera ku Shenzhen kupita ku Marseille-Fos | $ 1,100- $ 1,400 | $ 1,750- $ 2,050 | $ 22- $ 42 | Yotsika pang'ono; mautumiki ochepa olunjika |
| Shanghai kupita ku Marseille-Fos | $ 1,050- $ 1,350 | $ 1,700- $ 2,000 | $ 22- $ 42 | Zabwino kwambiri pogawa dera la Med |
Chenjezo: Mitengo yomwe yaperekedwa ndi yongoyerekeza chabe ya katundu wamba wouma. Mitengo yeniyeni imadalira chonyamulira, tsiku loyenda, mtundu wa katundu, nthawi yomwe mwasungitsa pasadakhale, ndi ndalama zina zowonjezera zomwe zikugwira ntchito pano (BAF, PSS, ECA, ndi zina). Kutumiza kwa LCL komwe kumalipidwa ndi CBM nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwabwino pa katundu wolemera osakwana 10 mpaka 12 CBM kapena pafupifupi matani 5.
Mitundu ya Katundu — Zimene Doko Lililonse Limagwirira Ntchito Bwino
Si katundu yense amene ali wofanana, ndipo si doko lililonse limene lili malo abwino kwambiri pa katundu wamtundu uliwonse. Kudziwa zomwe zimadutsa pa doko lililonse kumakuthandizani kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yotumizira katundu wanu.
Le Havre ndi doko labwino kwambiri logulira zinthu zochokera ku China monga zamagetsi, zovala, mipando, zoseweretsa, zinthu zapakhomo , zida zamagalimoto, ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa. Dokoli ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa mabizinesi amalonda apa intaneti komanso otumiza kunja omwe akufuna kufika pamsika waukulu waku France chifukwa limagwirizana kwambiri ndi msika wogwiritsa ntchito ku Paris ndipo lili ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito za FCL ndi LCL. Mu 2023, HAROPA Port idabweretsa zinthu zoposa 416,000 za TEU kuchokera ku China yokha. China inali gwero lalikulu la zinthu zochokera kunja ku China. Le Havre ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri ku Europe a RoRo pamagalimoto ndi magalimoto ena.
Kumbali ina, ma hydrocarbon—mafuta osakonzedwa, zinthu zoyengedwa, LNG, ndi mankhwala—ndi omwe amapanga zoposa 60% ya magalimoto onse a Marseille-Fos. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mtsogoleri wodziwika bwino ku France pankhani ya mphamvu ndi zinthu zamadzimadzi. Dokoli ndi labwino kwambiri pazinthu zowonongeka ndi katundu wa reefer (lili ndi ma plug opitilira 1,000 a reefer), komanso zinthu zochokera ku Asia zomwe zidzagulitsidwa pamsika wa Mediterranean. Makampani omwe amabweretsa chakudya, zinthu zaulimi, zipangizo zopangira, ndi zinthu zomangira kuchokera ku China kupita ku Southern Europe nthawi zambiri amapeza kuti Marseille ndi malo abwino ochitira bizinesi.
Kuyang'anana: Mphamvu ndi Zofooka
Gome ili m'munsimu likuwonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu komwe otumiza katundu ayenera kudziwa akamatumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kudzera pa doko lililonse:
| Category | Le Havre | Marseille-Fos |
| Zabwino Kwambiri | Malonda apaintaneti, zamagetsi, zinthu zogulira, Paris / N. France | Zambiri, mphamvu, reefer, malonda a Mediterranean / Africa |
| zomangamanga | Ma crane 7 atsopano a TiL gantry (2025); ma AGV; mphamvu ya TEU ya 3.1M | Chigwa chachitali kwambiri ku Ulaya (2.6km); ma crane akuluakulu; malo opumulira a TEU a 1.5M |
| Zambiri | Zabwino kwambiri: mtsinje (Seine), njanji ya 145K TEU/chaka (+ 18% mu 2025), msewu | Zabwino: Mtsinje wa Rhone, njanji yopita ku Lyon & S. Europe, netiweki ya misewu |
| Kulumikizana kwa China | Yamphamvu: 416K+ TEU yotumizidwa kuchokera ku China mu 2023 | Kukula: kuyenda kwamphamvu kupita/kuchokera ku China, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt |
| Chiwopsezo Chachikulu | Kuchulukana kwa anthu nthawi yachilimwe; mayendedwe aatali ochokera ku Mediterranean | Mikangano yakale ya ogwira ntchito; mbiri yaying'ono yautumiki mwachindunji ku China |
Ubale wa ogwira ntchito ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chikufunika kuganiziridwa mwapadera. Kale, Marseille-Fos yakhala ndi zipolowe zambiri za padoko komanso kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito kuposa Le Havre. Nthawi zina mavutowa amatenga sabata imodzi kapena kuposerapo. Otumiza katundu omwe ali ndi zinthu zomwe ziyenera kutumizidwa mwachangu kapena omwe akufunika kuyikanso katundu wawo mwachangu ayenera kuganizira za chiopsezo chogwira ntchitochi posankha doko, makamaka pamapulogalamu otumizira katundu wamba komanso okwera mtengo.
Ndi Doko Liti Loyenera Bizinesi Yanu?
Palibe yankho limodzi lokwanira onse; malo abwino kwambiri kwa inu amadalira bizinesi yanu. Komabe, pali zochitika zosamveka bwino zomwe zimasonyeza kuti bizinesi yanu ikupita mbali imodzi.
Ngati msika wanu waukulu ndi Paris ndi kumpoto kwa France, mayiko a Benelux, kapena UK, sankhani Le Havre. Ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri pa katundu wambiri wogulitsidwa m'makontena ochokera ku China, makamaka ngati mugwiritsa ntchito njanji kapena Mtsinje wa Seine pogawa zinthu mkati mwa nyumba zambiri. Zomangamanga za Le Havre, njira zonyamulira katundu, ndi netiweki ya kumpoto kwa Europe ndizovuta kuzigonjetsa kwa makampani ogulitsa pa intaneti, ogulitsa mafashoni, masitolo ogulitsa zamagetsi, ndi ogulitsa zida zamagalimoto. Kuchita bwino kwa doko mu 2024 komanso ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse m'ma cranes zikusonyeza kuti lipitiliza kukhala chipata chachikulu cha zotengera ku France kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ngati mukupita kum'mwera kwa France, Italy, Spain, kapena chigawo cha Mediterranean, sankhani Marseille-Fos. Dokoli ndi malo abwino kwambiri kwa mabizinesi omwe ali ndi maukonde ogawa katundu m'chigawo cha Rhone-Alps kuzungulira Lyon kutumiza katundu wambiri, katundu wamagetsi, kapena katundu wowonongeka. Makampani omwe akuchita bizinesi yambiri ndi North Africa kapena Middle East ayenera kuganizira za Marseille ngati malo oyenera olowera awiri omwe amalumikiza maunyolo ogulitsa katundu aku Asia ndi njira zogawa katundu ku Africa kudzera mu bungwe limodzi lothandiza la madoko.
Ndondomeko yokhala ndi madoko awiri ndi njira ina yomwe otumiza katundu akuluakulu ayenera kuganizira. Kugawa katundu wotumizidwa—kutumiza katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'makontena kudzera ku Le Havre ndi katundu wambiri kapena wowonongeka kudzera ku Marseille-Fos—kumapangitsa zinthu kukhala zovuta kwambiri, koma kungachepetse kwambiri ndalama zotumizira katundu m'dera lalikulu. Ngati muli ndi mtundu winawake wa katundu, katswiri wotumiza katundu angakuthandizeni kudziwa mtengo wake kuti akafike komwe akupita.
Momwe Topway Shipping Ingathandizire
Mukatumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku France panyanja, kaya kudzera ku Le Havre kapena Marseille-Fos, muyenera kuchita zambiri osati kungobwereka chidebe. Zimafunika ukatswiri wambiri pa maukonde onyamula katundu, zambiri zokhudzana ndi mitengo yeniyeni, malamulo a kasitomu aku France, komanso kugwirizanitsa kayendetsedwe ka katundu kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto. Apa ndi pomwe mnzanu waluso komanso wodziwa bwino ntchito yonyamula katundu amapanga kusiyana kwakukulu.
Kuyambira mu 2010, Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka njira zoyendetsera zinthu kudzera mu malonda apaintaneti. Gulu loyambitsa Topway lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pa ntchito yoyendetsa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu kudzera mu kasitomu. Ndi akatswiri pa nkhani zonse zokhudza mayendedwe ochokera ku China kupita ku Europe, kuyambira kuphatikiza katundu wotumizidwa ku madoko aku China mpaka kuwasunga kunja kwa dziko, kuchotsa katundu kudzera mu kasitomu, komanso kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku France kupita kumayiko ena.
Kuchokera m'madoko onse akuluakulu aku China, kuphatikizapo Shenzhen, Shanghai, Ningbo, Guangzhou, Qingdao, ndi ena ambiri, Topway imapereka ntchito zonyamula katundu wa panyanja za FCL (Full Container Load) ndi LCL (Less-than-Container-Load) ku Le Havre, Marseille-Fos, ndi misewu ina ya ku Europe. Ntchito yophatikiza LCL ya Topway ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwa makampani omwe amatumiza zinthu zochepa kuti asunge katundu wawo popanda kulipira malo owonjezera. Kwa otumiza katundu omwe amatumiza katundu wambiri, ntchito za FCL zokhala ndi mitengo yotsika komanso nthawi yosinthasintha zimathandiza kuti maunyolo ogulitsa katundu aziyenda bwino.
Chitsanzo cha utumiki chophatikizidwa cha Topway chimakhudza unyolo wonse wa katundu, osati katundu wa m'nyanja wokha. Izi zikuphatikizapo mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku fakitale kupita ku doko la ku China, inshuwaransi ya katundu , kulengeza za misonkho ku China, kusungitsa katundu wa m'nyanja, kuchotsa misonkho ku France, ndi kutumiza katunduyo ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu kapena kwa kasitomala womaliza. Kuthekera kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti otumiza katundu angagwire ntchito ndi mnzawo m'modzi wodalirika m'malo molimbana ndi unyolo wosweka wa otumiza katundu, ma broker, ndi makampani oyendetsa magalimoto akuluakulu m'makontinenti awiri. Topway Shipping imapatsa makampani atsopano a e-commerce ndi otumiza katundu omwe alipo kudalirika komanso kuwonekera bwino kwa mitengo komwe katundu wa China-France amafunikira.
Kutsiliza
Madoko onse a Le Havre ndi Marseille-Fos ndi abwino kwambiri, koma amakwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana za katundu wotumizidwa ku China. Le Havre ndi kampani yayikulu ya zotengera ku France, yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi ma TEU 3.1 miliyoni ndipo yakhazikitsa mbiri mu 2024. Ndi yabwino kwambiri pa katundu wodzaza ndi zotengera zambiri, kugawa kumpoto kwa France ndi dera la Benelux, ndi mabizinesi omwe amayamikira nthawi ndi nthawi, kulumikizana kwamitundu yambiri, ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri. Marseille-Fos ndi kampani yodziwika bwino ku France ku Mediterranean. Idzagwira ma TEU 1.45 miliyoni mu 2024 ndipo ikukula. Ndi yabwino kwambiri pa ntchito zoyendera mphamvu, katundu wa reefer, kugawa kum'mwera kwa Europe, ndi njira zamalonda zomwe zimadutsa mwachilengedwe kumadzulo kwa Med.
Pamene mitengo ya makontena padziko lonse lapansi ikupitirira kutsika, Drewry akuti yatsika pafupifupi 40% chaka ndi chaka kuyambira mu 2026. Ino ndi nthawi yabwino yoti muyang'anenso njira zina zomwe mungatsatire kuti mupeze njira zabwino kwambiri zoyendera ndikupeza mitengo yabwino kwambiri panjira zomwe mukufuna. Nkhani ya Red Sea ikupitirirabe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zoyendera ku Suez zikhale zoopsa kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri kuposa kale lonse kukhala ndi ogwirizana nawo odziwa bwino ntchito zonyamula katundu omwe angathe kusintha mwachangu kusintha kwa njira zoyendera.
Malo abwino kwambiri oti mugule katundu wanu ku China ndi omwe amalumikiza ogulitsa anu aku China ndi ogula aku France kapena aku Europe mwanjira yothandiza kwambiri, ndi mitengo yoyenera, kuchuluka kwa katundu, ndi chithandizo cha miyambo ndi kugawa komwe mukupita. Kuti musankhe molimba mtima, muyenera kudziwa njira zonse ziwiri mkati ndi kunja.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi Le Havre kapena Marseille ili pafupi ndi China pankhani ya nthawi yotumizira?
A: Panjira yodziwika bwino yodutsa mu Suez Canal, Marseille-Fos nthawi zambiri imakhala yothamanga masiku atatu mpaka asanu ndi awiri kuposa Le Havre chifukwa sitima siziyenera kupita kumpoto kudzera mu English Channel zikadutsa Gibraltar. Sitima zikamazungulira Cape of Good Hope (zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri pakakhala mavuto mu Nyanja Yofiira), madoko onsewa amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yoyendera ya masiku 38 mpaka 48, ndipo kusiyana pakati pawo kumachepa kwambiri.
Q: Ndi doko liti lotsika mtengo potumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku France?
A: Mtengo wa katundu wa panyanja wochokera ku Marseille-Fos nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika ndi $50 mpaka $150 pa TEU iliyonse kuposa wochokera ku Le Havre. Koma mtengo wonse wotera umadalira komwe katundu wanu akupita. Mwachitsanzo, ngati katundu wanu akupita ku Paris, mtengo wotsika wa nyanja kupita ku Marseille ukhoza kuthetsedwa chifukwa cha mitengo yokwera ya magalimoto pamtunda. Nthawi zonse yerekezerani khomo ndi khomo, osati kungopita kudoko kupita kudoko.
Q: Ndi zikalata ziti zomwe zimafunika kuti msonkho wa msonkho uchotsedwe m'madoko aku France?
A: Invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wolongedza katundu, chikalata chonyamulira katundu, satifiketi yochokera, ndi satifiketi iliyonse yokhudza chinthu (CE marking, REACH compliance, etc.) zonse ndi zikalata zokhazikika. France imalipiritsa msonkho wa EU wolowera kutengera HS code ya zinthuzo kuphatikiza 20% VAT pa zambiri mwa izo. Mukagwira ntchito ndi katswiri wokonza katundu, mwayi woti zinthu zichedwe umachepa kwambiri.
Q: Kodi ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito FCL kapena LCL potumiza katundu wanga kuchokera ku China kupita ku France?
Yankho: FCL nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo potumiza katundu woposa 12–15 CBM kapena matani 5 ndipo ili ndi chiopsezo chochepa chowonongeka poyendetsa. LCL ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yotumizira katundu wochepa chifukwa imakulolani kutumiza katundu nthawi zambiri popanda kudikira kuti katundu wodzaza ndi chidebecho alowe. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka kwa mabizinesi amalonda apaintaneti omwe amafunika kubwezeretsanso katundu mwachangu.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping ingathe kusamalira kutumiza katundu ku Le Havre ndi Marseille?
A: Inde. Topway Shipping imatha kutumiza makontena odzaza (FCL) ndi makontena ochepera (LCL) panyanja kuchokera kumadoko onse akuluakulu aku China kupita ku Le Havre, Marseille-Fos, ndi madoko ena aku Europe. Utumiki wawo wonse umasamalira chilichonse kuyambira kutenga katundu kuchokera kumafakitale ku China mpaka kuchotsa katundu wa kasitomu ndikutumiza komwe akupita ku France.
