Kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Doko la Los Angeles: Zolakwa Zofala Zomwe Zimawononga Anthu Otumiza Zinthu Kunja Mamiliyoni
Introduction
Zikuoneka zosavuta kutumiza ku Port of Los Angeles: kusungitsa katundu wa panyanja, kuchotsa katundu wa pa kasitomu, kukoka chidebecho, ndikuchinyamula kupita nacho ku malo anu. Zoona zake n'zakuti, khomo lolowera ku Los Angeles limasintha nthawi zonse. Munthawi yotanganidwa, sitima zitha kukwera, zida sizingapezeke, ndipo zolakwika zochepa pamapepala zingayambitse kusungidwa, kusungidwa, kuchepetsedwa kwa magalimoto, komanso kulephera kutsegula mawindo ogulitsa. Zosintha zaposachedwa kuchokera ku makampani onyamula katundu ndi madoko zikusonyeza momwe zinthu zingasinthire mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo, malipoti amsika kuyambira koyambirira kwa Januwale 2026 adanenanso kuti sitima zambiri zotumizidwa kunja ku Los Angeles/Long Beach (pafupifupi masiku 5-7) chifukwa cha kuyenda kwakukulu kwa sitima za tchuthi komanso kupsinjika kwa zida.
Nthawi zambiri, mavuto azachuma sabwera chifukwa cha kulakwitsa kwakukulu. Pali zinthu zing'onozing'ono zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu: kusankha kwa Incoterm kosamveka bwino, invoice yamalonda "yokwanira", kulembetsa ISF mochedwa, wotumiza katundu yemwe satsimikizira nthawi yake yopuma, nthawi yokumana ndi munthu wotopa yomwe imachotsedwa, mayeso a msonkho omwe palibe amene adakonzekera, ndi nyumba yosungiramo katundu yomwe singalandire chidebecho ikafika. Mukaphatikiza masiku owonjezera, zomwe zakhudzidwa, komanso zodabwitsa, "ndalama mazana angapo" zimakula kukhala zikwizikwi.
Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndi kukhala yothandiza. Ikufotokoza za mavuto ofala komanso okwera mtengo omwe angachitike potumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Los Angeles ndi momwe mungapewere mavutowa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera bwino, kusunga zikalata, komanso kupereka zinthu mwanzeru pakati pa katundu wa panyanja, misonkho, kutayika kwa katundu, sitima, ndi zina zotero. kuwuzaZimalumikizanso zolakwika izi ndi zomwe zikuchitika pamsika pakali pano: mitengo yotumizira ndi mitengo ikusinthasintha kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kungayambitse mavuto aakulu pakukonzekera mtengo wolowera.
1. Chifukwa chake Los Angeles imakulitsa zolakwika zazing'ono
Los Angeles si malo ongofikirako basi; ili ndi malo oimikapo magalimoto, zipata zamagalimoto, malo oimikapo sitima, malo osungiramo katundu, malo ogawa katundu, ndi kuwunika malamulo. M'malo mwake, mumayang'anira mizere yoposa umodzi nthawi imodzi. Katundu akakonzeka, ngati palibe cholumikizira chilichonse chomwe chikufunika, mita imayamba kugwira ntchito kwina.
Mavuto ake ndi aakulu kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu komanso kusatsimikizika kwa mfundo. Mu 2025, Port of Los Angeles idagwira ntchito ndi ma TEU 10.2 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa zaka zabwino kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikupezeka ndikwabwino kwambiri pakupezeka kwa ntchito, koma zimatanthauzanso kuti dongosololi likhoza kupsinjika mwachangu pakakhala kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu, kusalingana kwa sitima, kapena kuyika patsogolo zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Nkhani ya 2025 idawonetsanso momwe kusatsimikizika kwa mitengo ya katundu kunakhudzira momwe otumiza kunja amakonzekera ndikusamutsa katundu wawo.
Pachifukwa ichi, dongosolo lomwe limaganizira kusiyana kwa nthawi ya sitima, liwiro la malo oimikapo sitima, malo okhala sitima, kupezeka kwa nthawi yokumana ndi sitima, komanso nthawi yochotsera katundu wa kasitomu ndi lothandiza kwambiri kuposa dongosolo la "avereji". Zinthu zikasintha, zolakwa zimakuwonongerani ndalama chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti musinthe.
2. Cholakwika: kuona "katundu wa m'nyanja" ngati mtengo wonse
Anthu ambiri otumiza katundu kumayiko ena amangogwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa katundu wa panyanja komanso mwina kuyerekezera ndalama zoyendera kuti adziwe mtengo wa katundu. Kenako amapeza mabilu omwe sakuoneka kuti ali ndi chochita ndi "katundu," kuphatikizapo kusamalira katundu, zikalata, ndalama zolipirira chassis, ndalama zowonjezera, kusungira katundu, ndi D&D (kusungidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa katundu). Pamene ndalama zotumizira katundu zikukwera ndi kutsika kwambiri, izi zimaipiraipira chifukwa ulalo uliwonse womwe uli mu unyolowu umakweza ndalama zawo nthawi zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bajeti yanu ikhale yakale mwachangu. Malipoti ochokera kumayambiriro kwa February 2026 adawonetsa kuti ndalama zikukweranso ndipo mitengo ikukwera m'misewu ina. Izi zikusonyeza momwe chuma cha katundu chingasinthire mwachangu.
Njira imodzi yabwino yoganizira za mtengo wake ndikugawa katundu wanu m'magawo anayi:
Gawo loyamba ndi kusamukira kudziko lina. Limaphatikizapo kutenga katundu komwe katunduyo anachokera (ngati alipo), kusamalira katundu wotumizidwa kunja, kutumiza panyanja, ndi mapepala oyambira onyamula katundu.
Gawo lachiwiri ndi kutsatira malamulo, lomwe limaphatikizapo ISF, kulowa m'malo olowera, misonkho, ndi "ndalama zoyang'aniridwa," zomwe zimaphatikizapo ndalama zovomerezeka komanso nthawi.
Gawo lachitatu ndi ntchito za doko, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusamalira malo opumulirako, kupanga nthawi yokumana ndi anthu pachipata, kusuntha chassis, kutayikira kwa mpweya, ndi kusamutsa sitima (ngati kuli kofunikira), komanso ndalama zolipirira nthawi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukusowa nthawi yopuma.
Gawo lachinayi ndi kugawa, komwe kumaphatikizapo kunyamula katundu, kusunga zinthu m'nyumba, kukonza nthawi yokumana, kutumiza zinthu pa mtunda womaliza, komanso ndalama zomwe zimawononga chifukwa cha kutha kwa katundu kapena kusowa kwa nthawi yogulitsira.
Mukufunika kupanga chitsanzo cha mtengo wogulira zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizapo nthawi yodziwira kuti mupewe vuto la "invoice yodabwitsa". Mtengo wabwino kwambiri suli wothandiza ngati mulibe dongosolo lowonjezera nthawi yogulira zinthu kwa masiku asanu kapena kuchedwa kwa sabata imodzi polandira.
Tebulo: Ndalama zomwe anthu ambiri amawononga nthawi zambiri
| Mtengo wamtengo | N’chiyani chimachititsa zimenezo? | Chifukwa chake zimakhala zodula | Chothandizira chabwino kwambiri chopewera |
|---|---|---|---|
| Malo osungira | Chidebecho chili pamalo opumulirako kupitirira nthawi yopuma | Malo osungiramo zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku amawonjezeka ndipo amatha kukwera pakapita nthawi | Sungani nthawi yopuma musanagwiritse ntchito ndipo tsimikizirani malamulo a nthawi yopuma pa terminal iliyonse |
| Demurrage | Chidebe sichinatengedwe kuchokera ku terminal mkati mwa nthawi yopuma | Malipiro otengera nthawi/otengera terminal | Kukonzekera zikalata + kulangizidwa pa nthawi yokumana ndi munthu amene watopa |
| Kuzindikira | Chidebe/chassis sichinabwezedwe mkati mwa nthawi yopuma | Ndalama za tsiku ndi tsiku; zimatha kukwera ngati zipangizo sizikupezeka | Konzani pasadakhale njira zobweza zopanda kanthu ndi maola |
| Mayeso ndi kuchita | Kulunjika, nkhani zolembedwa, kuyang'ana mwachisawawa | Zimawonjezera masiku; zimayambitsa kusowa tulo komanso kuthana ndi mavuto | Madotolo oyera + nthawi yeniyeni yochotsera |
| Kutumizanso / kudikira | Nyumba yosungiramo katundu yalephera kusankhidwa, kusowa kwa antchito, kulandira malire | Nthawi yowonjezera ya galimoto yonyamula katundu ndi ndalama zotumizira katundu | Chitsimikizo cha nthawi yokumana + dongosolo lolandirira zosunga zobwezeretsera |
Tebulo ili silikunena za kukhala ndi mphamvu yoipa; koma likunena za kukhala ndi mphamvu. Mutha kuyimitsa msanga ngati mukudziwa mita yomwe ikugwira ntchito.
3. Cholakwika: kusankha Incoterm yolakwika kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa zanu zenizeni zowongolera
Ma Incoterms si mawu ongotsatira malamulo okha. Amatchula amene amayang'anira kutumiza katundu pa sitepe iliyonse, amene amasankha opereka katundu, ndi amene amalephera pamene chinachake chalakwika. Cholakwika chofala kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Incoterm yomwe imapangitsa kuti invoice iwoneke yotsika mtengo koma imakulepheretsani kuwongolera momwe katunduyo amaperekedwera.
Mwachitsanzo, ogulitsa atsopano ambiri amavomereza kupereka "zonse" kwa ogulitsa ndipo amatumiza pazifukwa zomwe zimapatsa wogulitsa kapena wothandizira wawo mphamvu pa maudindo ofunikira. Chidebecho chikafika kumeneko, wogulitsa amazindikira kuti ndalama zolipirira zomwe akupita ndizokwera kwambiri kapena kuti kutumizidwa sikukuyendetsedwa bwino. Wogulitsa amalipirabe chifukwa amafunika kuti katunduyo atulutsidwe.
Vuto lina ndikugwiritsa ntchito FOB koma osayang'anira bwino mbali yoyambira. Mukafuna kuyang'anira ngolo yayikulu, FOB ikhoza kukhala chisankho chabwino. Komabe, mukufunika wotumiza katundu yemwe angathe kusamalira mapepala otumizira kunja, VGM, ndi cutoffs. Ngati simutero, mutha kuphonya sitimayo ndipo muyenera kulipira zosinthira, kusungira komwe idachokera, kapena kusungitsanso katundu wokwera mtengo.
Gome: Lenzi yosankha ya Incoterm yothandiza (kulamulira ntchito)
| Incoterm (mawonekedwe osavuta) | Ndani amalamulira kusungitsa malo panyanja | Ndani nthawi zambiri amalamulira momwe malo akuyendera | Chiwopsezo chofala kwa otumiza kunja | Pamene zingakhale zomveka |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KAPI | Wotumiza kunja (mwachiphunzitso) | Tengani | Kutenga/kutumiza komwe kumachokera kungakhale kovuta ngati mulibe luso lochokera ku China | Mukakhala ndi chithandizo champhamvu cha China-side forwarder |
| FOB | Tengani | Tengani | Ndaphonya malire a chiyambi ngati ntchito yoyambira ndi yofooka | Chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa otumiza kunja odziwa bwino ntchito |
| CIF | Wogulitsa amalamulira nyanja | Wotumiza kunja amalamulira komwe akupita | Kusungitsa malo panyanja kungakhale kosakwanira; kusawoneka bwino | Ngati mukufuna ngolo yaikulu yosavuta yoyendetsedwa ndi ogulitsa koma mukulamulirabe komwe mukupita |
| DDP | Wogulitsa amawongolera kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto | Wogulitsa | Kusawonekera bwino; chiopsezo chotsata malamulo ngati dongosolo silikuyenda bwino | Pamene wogulitsa akutsatira malamulo ndipo mukufunadi kuphweka |
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi yomveka bwino: sankhani mawu omwe mungatsatire. Kuti mutumize katundu modalirika ku Los Angeles, muyenera kukonzekera kasitomu, kutopa, ndi kusunga katundu sitimayo isanafike.
4. Cholakwika: kufooka kwa zikalata (invoice, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu, HS code, dziko lochokera)
Mapepala omwe "ali olondola kwambiri" ndi mtundu wa cholakwika chomwe chimayambitsa kuchedwa kwambiri. Kuchotsera msonkho sikulipira "pafupi mokwanira." Kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa mndandanda wa invoice ndi zonyamula katundu, kufotokozera kwa malonda komwe kuli kofala kwambiri, kapena mawu ochokera kudziko lomwe simunagwirizane kungapangitse kuti muyembekezere, kufunsa zambiri, kapena kulemba mayeso.
Zolakwika zina zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri pa mapepala zomwe zimafuna ndalama ndi izi:
- Ma invoice amalonda omwe safotokoza bwino katunduyo m'njira yogwirizana ndi gulu la HS
- Miyezo, kuchuluka, kapena mayunitsi omwe akusowa kapena sakugwirizana pakati pa mapepala
- Mawu okhudza dziko lomwe anachokera omwe sakudziwika bwino kapena omwe sakugwirizana ndi momwe zinthu zinapangidwira
- Mayina ndi maadiresi a ogulitsa omwe ali osiyana pa zikalata zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto okhudza kutsimikizika
- Kusawonetsa zothandizira, zida, kapena zowonjezera zina zokhoma msonkho pakafunika kutero
Nthawi ndiyo imakhudza ndalama. Nthawi imawonjezera chiopsezo chosungira, D&D, komanso kuthekera kwakuti dongosolo lanu lotayira madzi lingalephereke chifukwa chidebecho sichinatulutsidwe nthawi yomwe munaganiza kuti chidzatuluke.
Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli ndi kupanga mndandanda wofanana wa zolemba za gulu lililonse la SKU ndikupempha kuti udzazidwe akamaliza kugula. Muli ndi mphamvu zochepa zokonzerera zolakwika mwachangu ngati mudikira mpaka katunduyo atakhala m'madzi.
5. Cholakwika: Kulephera kwa ISF ndi nthawi ya kasitomu komwe kumayambitsa mayeso ndi kuchedwa
Kusunga nthawi ndi njira yotsatirira malamulo pobweretsa katundu ku United States ndi sitima. Ngati mutumiza mochedwa kapena simunadzaze mafomu onse, simungangolipidwa chindapusa chokha, komanso mungakhale ndi mavuto. Kusunga, kuchedwetsa kutulutsidwa, ndi "palibe amene angakuuzeni nthawi yeniyeni yomwe idzatuluke" zonse ndi zizindikiro za kukangana.
Mfundo ina yofunika ndi yakuti kukonza zinthu za kasitomu si gawo limodzi lokha. Ndi njira yolumikizirana yomwe imaphatikizapo ISF, kutumiza zolowera, kukwaniritsa zofunikira za PGA ngati pakufunika kutero, kuwerengera misonkho, ndi kutumiza mauthenga otulutsa. Ngati gawo lililonse lachedwa, magawo otsatira sadzatha kumaliza bwino.
Oyang'anira akhala akuyang'anira machitidwe olipira ndi zomwe zikuchitika m'madera omangidwa ndi oletsa kuchotsedwa kwa ndalama. Bungwe la Federal Maritime Commission lakhala likufalitsa zosintha ndi ma index omwe akuchitika pa kubweza ndi kusonkhanitsa ndalama za D&D, ndipo deta ikukwera mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2025. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2025, panalinso kusintha kwakukulu m'malamulo ndi malamulo okhudza kubweza ndi kubweza ndalama. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa kusagwirizana ndi mtundu wa zikalata kungakhudze ngati ndalama zitha kutsutsidwa.
Ndondomeko yanu yopewera iyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukonza deta msanga pankhani ya ntchito:
Tumizani malangizo omaliza otumizira katundu msanga, osati "musanathe." Wogulitsa wanu ayenera kukhala ndi zikalata zonse zofunika zamalonda sitimayo isananyamuke, osati ikafika. Yang'anani ngati zinthu zanu zili ndi zosowa zinazake, monga ngati bungwe la boma logwirizana nalo lingakhale nalo. Ngati mukutumiza ma SKU oposa amodzi, musaganize kuti wogulitsayo angathe "kumvetsa" kuchokera ku spreadsheet ya ogulitsa popanda template yomveka bwino.
6. Cholakwika: kupeputsa nthawi yopuma yopita ku terminal, kuchepetsa nthawi yopuma, kutsekeredwa m'ndende, ndi kukhala pa sitima
Anthu ambiri omwe amatumiza zinthu kunja amaona kuti nthawi yopuma ndi lamulo lokhazikika. Ayi, sichoncho. Nthawi yopuma ingakhale yosiyana kutengera malo opumulirako, mgwirizano wa kampani yonyamula katundu, nyengo, komanso ngati kusamukako kuli kovuta kapena njanji. Msampha ukupanga dongosolo lanu kutengera zomwe mukuganiza. Nthawi yopuma ikakwera, kalendala imachepa, ndipo mumataya nthawi yopuma musanalandire nthawi yopuma.
Izi si mfundo chabe. Zosintha pamsika wa Januwale 2026 zidatchulanso kuti katundu wotumizidwa ku Los Angeles/Long Beach akutenga nthawi yayitali kuti adutse chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa sitima komanso kupsinjika kwa zida. Ngakhale doko likuyenda bwino nthawi zambiri, zinthu monga zida za sitima, kupezeka kwa chassis, ndi kuchuluka kwa malo oimika magalimoto zimatha kuchedwetsa madera ena.
Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti D&D ndi njira yopangira mitengo yozikidwa pa khalidwe. Imalanga anthu omwe sakonzekera pasadakhale mwa kuwapangitsa kuti atenge mochedwa, abwerere mochedwa, kapena asaphonye nthawi yokumana. Kusamalira kutumiza ngati pulojekiti yokhala ndi nthawi yomaliza, m'malo mongotumiza phukusi lomwe mungathe "kuyang'ana pambuyo pake," ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera kuwonekera kwa D&D.
Gome: Nthawi yosavuta yomwe imachepetsa chiopsezo cha D&D (chitsanzo cha njira yogwirira ntchito)
| wosaiwalika | Nthawi yowunikira (yofanana) | Zomwe ziyenera kukhala zokonzeka | Kodi kulephera kumawoneka bwanji |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chitsimikizo chosungitsa | Tsiku lokonzekera katundu lisanafike | Tsatanetsatane wolondola wa katundu, mtundu wa chidebe, ndi malire | Kubwezeretsa malo, kulephera kuyenda panyanja |
| Zikalata zamalizidwa | Sitima isananyamuke | Invoice, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu, wotumiza/wotumiza katundu, deta ya HS | Kugwira ntchito, kuchedwa kwa broker |
| ISF yaperekedwa | Asanafike nthawi yonyamuka | Deta ya ogulitsa, malo odzaza zinthu, maphwando | Kuopsa kwa kufalitsa mochedwa komanso kusamvana |
| Kulowera kwa msonkho kwakonzedwa | Paulendo | Zolemba zomaliza, kuwerengera mtengo, zolemba zotsatizana | Kuloledwa kunapititsidwa patsogolo mpaka kufika |
| Kutaya madzi kwakonzedwa | Asanafike ETA | Ndondomeko yokumana, dongosolo la chassis, nthawi yoperekera | Palibe mphamvu pamene katundu ndi waulere |
| Nthawi yokumana ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu yatsekedwa | Asanafike | Malo olandirira, dongosolo la ntchito, malamulo owonjezera | Dalaivala akudikira, akutumizanso |
Masiku enieni adzasintha, koma lingaliro nthawi zonse limakhala lofanana: siyani "kukonzekera tsiku lofika."
7. Cholakwika: zolakwika pakukonzekera kwa drayage ndi chassis
Kupeza galimoto yaikulu ndi gawo limodzi chabe la zovuta ku Los Angeles. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi yokumana ndi anthu ikugwira ntchito, kuti chassis ikupezeka panthawi yoyenera, komanso kuti mawindo otumizira katundu agwirizane ndi malire a malo olandirira katundu m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu.
Anthu nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa kuganiza kuti kutopa ndiye gawo lomaliza. Ngati mubwereka galimoto galimoto ikatha chidebecho, muyenera kudikira ndi ena onse omwe adachita. Kusakonzekera kubweza katundu wopanda kanthu ndi cholakwika china. Ngati simungathe kubweza katundu wopanda kanthu nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha maola ogwirira ntchito, magalimoto, kapena zoletsa zokumana nazo, kutsekedwa kwanu kumawonjezeka.
Ndemanga zina za msika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2025 zinanena kuti kusowa kwa zida, monga kupezeka kwa chassis, kungapangitse kuti nthawi yogona ikhale yayitali komanso kuwonekera kwa D&D kukhala kwakukulu m'mikhalidwe yosowa kwa doko ku US. Zifukwa zenizeni zimasiyana malinga ndi doko, koma njira yake ndi yomveka bwino: pamene zida zili zochepa, nthawi imadula kwambiri.
Otumiza katundu m'dziko muno nthawi zambiri saona kugwirizana pakati pa sitima ndi kutayikira kwa madzi. Ngati chidebe chanu chikuyendetsedwa ndi sitima, simukungoyembekezera sitimayo yokha. Mukuyembekezeranso kusamutsa kuchokera ku siteshoni kupita ku sitima, kukonza pa ramp ya sitima, ndi mphamvu ya kutayikira kwa madzi mkati mwa sitima. Nthawi yokhazikika imapitirirabe ngati mwendo uliwonse wagwidwa.
8. Cholakwika: kunyalanyaza tsatanetsatane wa ntchito ya "makilomita asanu omaliza" (makonzedwe, kulandira, kuchuluka kwa malo osungira)
Nkhani zambiri za "tinalipira zikwizikwi" zimathera ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu, osati padoko.
Mwachitsanzo, chidebecho chakonzeka, kusowa kwa madzi kwalembedwa, ndipo nyumba yosungiramo katundu imati, “Sitingalandire lero.” Kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu ili ndi nthawi yeniyeni yokumana, ndipo galimoto yachedwa chifukwa ikufunika kudikira pamzere pa siteshoni. Kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu sidzatenga katundu wodzaza pansi pokhapokha ngati pali ntchito yowonjezera yokonzedwa. Dalaivala akudikira, kulipira kumayamba, ndipo mungafunike kulipira ndalama zodikira, kubwezanso katundu, kapena ngakhale kutumiza kosaloledwa.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kukonzekera kunyamula katundu ndikofunikira. Ngati katundu wanu ali ndi katundu pansi ndipo muyenera kumusuntha kupita ku thireyila ya mamita 53, muyenera kukonza nthawi yoti katunduyo anyamulidwe, onetsetsani kuti pali antchito okwanira, ndikukonzekera nthawi yoti mukumane ndi munthu wobwera. Ngati mukutumiza chilichonse ku Amazon kapena kwina ndi nthawi yeniyeni yokumana, muyenera kukonzekera nthawi yokumana ndi munthu kutengera kuchedwa kwenikweni kwa doko ndi sitima, osati nthawi yabwino kwambiri yokumana ndi munthu wobwera.
Mu dziko lomwe likusintha mwachangu, oitanitsa katundu omwe amachita bwino ndi omwe amaphatikizapo malo osungiramo katundu ndi kulandira ziletso mu mapulani awo onyamula katundu panyanja kuyambira pachiyambi.
9. Cholakwika: kasamalidwe koyipa ka zinthu zina (kuyendetsa, mayeso, kusuntha, kuyenda popanda kanthu)
Kusamalira zosiyana ndi luso lomwe lingapangitse kusiyana pakati pa "kuchedwa pang'ono" ndi "ndalama zazikulu."
Zosiyana zomwe zimadula kwambiri ndi zomwe mumadziwa mochedwa. Muli ndi zosankha zochepa ngati mutadziwa za kasitomu nthawi yopuma yayamba kale. Ngati mutadziwa kuti chidebe chagubuduzidwa kupita ku sitima yotsatira mutamaliza nthawi yanu yogulitsira, muyenera kulipira kuti musinthe nthawi kapena kutaya malo olandirira ndikulipira malo osungira pambuyo pake.
Zovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi zimapangitsanso kuti zinthu zina zichitike kawirikawiri. Kuyambira pamene kusokonezeka kwa Nyanja Yofiira kunayamba, zoopsa zachitetezo ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka ndege zapitilizabe kukhudza zisankho za njira zoyendera komanso kudalirika kwa nthawi. Izi zapangitsa kuti mautumiki ena asinthe njira ndikusintha momwe netiweki ikuyendera. Ngakhale kusamuka kwanu ku West Coast sikudutsa Suez mwachindunji, kungakhudze malo omwe zida zili, kuyenda popanda kanthu, komanso khalidwe la liwiro.
Pali magawo atatu a kasamalidwe kamphamvu ka zinthu zosiyana:
Choyamba, muyenera kuwona momwe mukuyendera. Mukufunika zinthu zofunika kwambiri, osati kungoyembekezera nthawi yokwanira. “Yatulutsidwa,” “ikupezeka,” “yayimitsidwa,” ndi “njanji yachoka” ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa “yafika.”
Chachiwiri ndi ulamuliro wosankha: wina ayenera kuvomereza mwachangu kampani yatsopano yonyamula katundu, tsiku latsopano lotumizira katundu, kubweza katundu watsopano, kapena kusintha katundu.
Chachitatu, muyenera kukhala okonzeka ndi mapepala ofunikira komanso kukhudzana uthenga nthawi yomweyo, osati mawa.
10. Cholakwika: kusapanga dongosolo lothandizira katundu lomwe limaletsa zolakwika
Anthu ambiri ochokera kunja amangoyang'ana mtengo posankha wopereka chithandizo. Mukakula, njirayo ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa mtengo. Mtengo wotsika suthandiza ngati zikutanthauza kulankhulana kolakwika, kusowa mgwirizano kumbali ya komwe mukupita, kapena kusowa kuwunika zikalata.
Mnzanu wogwirizana ndi zinthu zoyendera angathandize kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika pano. Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ndi ofesi yake yayikulu ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka njira zothetsera mavuto okhudzana ndi zinthu zoyendera pa intaneti kuyambira mu 2010. Anthu omwe adayambitsa kampaniyo ali ndi zaka zoposa 15 zaukadaulo pa ntchito zoyendera ndi zoyendera zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo akuyang'ana kwambiri China ndi US. Amapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana zoyendera, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe oyamba, malo osungiramo katundu akunja, kuchotsera katundu wapakhomo, ndi kutumiza katundu womaliza. Amaperekanso ntchito zosinthira zonyamula katundu za FCL ndi LCL kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi.
Cholinga chachikulu cha wopereka katundu kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto sichakuti “amachita chilichonse.” Koma ndi chakuti akhoza kukonzekera kupereka zinthu kuti mavuto asadutse m'mipata. Pamene wotumiza katundu, wogulitsa katundu wa kasitomu, wosungiramo katundu, ndi ogwira nawo ntchito yotumiza katundu wa mtunda womaliza akugwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana osungira katundu, zolakwa zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa palibe amene amayang'anira nthawi yonse. Munthu m'modzi akakhala ndi udindo pa unyolo wonse, mutha kuchepetsa mwayi woti cholakwika chilephereke, monga kusakonzekera kulowa kwa kasitomu pamene chidebecho chili chokonzeka.
Ngakhale mutakhala ndi ntchito yabwino, muyenerabe kukhala ndi khalidwe labwino pa kunyumba: sungani deta yanu ya PO kukhala yoyera, pangani mapulani oyenera olandirira, ndipo pangani zisankho mwachangu ngati zinthu zitalakwika.
11. Buku lothandiza lothandizira kupewa matenda lomwe mungagwiritse ntchito sabata ino
Cholinga chopewera matenda si kukhala changwiro. Ndi kuchepetsa kusiyana komwe mungapewe ndikuyang'anira kusiyana komwe simungathe.
Kusamala ndi deta kumabwera patsogolo. Pangani chitsanzo cha kutumiza katundu chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti chili ndi mfundo zoyambira, monga wotumiza katundu, wotumiza katundu, deta ya HTS/HS, kufotokozera kwa malonda, mtengo, kuchuluka kwa makatoni, kulemera, ndi chidziwitso chochokera. Lolani ogulitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito.
Kenako pangani nthawi yokonzekera chilango. Musamachite zinthu motsatira “ETA.” M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi yomaliza, monga tsiku lomwe chikalatacho chiyenera kuperekedwa, tsiku lomwe ISF yaperekedwa, tsiku lomwe chikalatacho chiyenera kutumizidwa, tsiku lomwe kusungitsa malo osungiramo katundu kukuyenera kutsekedwa, komanso tsiku lomwe nthawi yokumana ndi malo osungiramo katundu yatsekedwa.
Pomaliza, onetsetsani kuti mwatsatira bajeti yanu. Yang'anirani ndalama zanu zowonjezera zofunika kwambiri ndikuzikonza malinga ndi chifukwa chake. Ngati ndalama zolipirira nthawi yodikira ndi gulu lalikulu, ndi vuto polandira, osati polowera. Ngati ndalama zolipirira anthu ogwidwa ndi okwera mtengo, zikutanthauza kuti pali vuto ndi mapulani opanda kanthu obweza. Ngati pali mayeso ambiri, ndi vuto pogawa kapena kulemba zikalata.
Pa katundu aliyense woposa mtengo winawake, ndi njira yosavuta koma yamphamvu yochitira msonkhano isanafike. Zingatenge mphindi 10. Ndondomeko ya katundu ndi yosavuta: kodi mapepala atha, kodi broker wakonzeka, kodi nthawi yoti katundu afike yatha, kodi nthawi yokumana ndi nyumba yosungiramo katundu yakonzedwa, ndipo chingachitike n’chiyani ngati katunduyo achedwa kutulutsidwa ndi masiku atatu?
Mukaganizira za zinthu zochokera kunja ngati zinthu zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza m'malo mwa kamodzi kokha, zolakwika za "zikwi zomwe zatayika" sizichitika kawirikawiri.
Kutsiliza
Kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Port of Los Angeles si njira yongotengera zinthu kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina; komanso ndizovuta kukonzekera pamene simukudziwa zomwe zidzachitike. Zizindikiro zamsika zaposachedwa zikupitirizabe kusonyeza kuti pali kusatsimikizika kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ku Los Angeles kukadali kwakukulu, sitima zimatha kukwera kwambiri panthawi yomwe anthu ambiri akuyenda, ndipo ndalama zotumizira zimatha kusintha mwachangu, zomwe zingakhudze bajeti ndi malingaliro okonzekera.
Zolakwika zodula kwambiri n'zosavuta kuziona: kusayesa bwino ndalama zomwe zikupita, kusankha Incoterms zomwe zimachotsa ulamuliro wogwirira ntchito, kulola kuti zolemba zisamayende bwino, kupereka njira zotsatirira malamulo mochedwa, kuganiza kuti nthawi yopuma "ndi yokwanira," kusungitsa nthawi yocheperako pambuyo poti zinthu zapezeka, komanso kusatsimikiza kuti doko lenileni likugwirizana ndi zoletsa zomwe zimaperekedwa ku malo osungiramo katundu.
Yankho lake ndi lomveka bwino: deta yokonzedwa bwino, nthawi yomaliza yokonzedwa bwino, ndi zopereka zokonzedwa bwino. Mukawonjezera mnzanu amene angathe kulumikizana bwino ndi makampani osiyanasiyana, monga Topway Shipping, yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri China ndi US ndipo imatha kuyendetsa bwino mayendedwe oyamba, kuchotsa katundu kuchokera ku katundu wakunja, kusunga katundu kunja kwa dziko, komanso kutumiza katundu wapafupi, mumachepetsa mipata yomwe zinthu zodabwitsa zodula zingabisike.
Ngati mukukumbukira chinthu chimodzi chokha, kumbukirani izi: konzani komwe mukupita sitimayo isananyamuke. Mukagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yanu yotumizira zinthu ngati dongosolo m'malo mongothamanga, zotsatira zambiri za "zikwi zomwe zatayika" zitha kupewedwa.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi njira yachangu kwambiri yochepetsera ndalama zosayembekezereka ku Los Angeles ndi iti?
A: Pangani pepala losonyeza mtengo wolandirira katundu lomwe limasonyeza nthawi yomwe zinthu zidzachitike (kusunga, kuchepetsa nthawi yogwirira ntchito, kusunga katundu) ndikukhazikitsa nthawi yomaliza yokonzekera mapepala, kukonzekera msonkho, kutayika kwa katundu, ndi nthawi yosungiramo katundu.
Q: Kodi FOB nthawi zonse imakhala yabwino kuposa CIF potumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Los Angeles?
A: Si nthawi zonse. FOB nthawi zambiri imakupatsani ulamuliro wowonjezereka ngati muli ndi chotumizira chabwino komwe mukupita komanso komwe mukupita. CIF ingagwire ntchito ngati muli ndi ulamuliro pa momwe zinthu zimachitikira komwe mukupita ndipo mumayang'ana ndalama zonse ndi zoperekedwa kumbali imeneyo.
Q: N’chifukwa chiyani zolakwika zazing’ono zolembedwa zimayambitsa ndalama zambiri chonchi?
Yankho: Chifukwa kuchedwa kumayambitsa ndalama zolipirira nthawi komanso kusokoneza kukonzekera nthawi yokumana. Chikalata chotsimikizira tsiku limodzi chikhoza kukhala masiku angapo osungira, kusungitsanso malo, komanso nthawi yoti zinthu zifike.
Q: Kodi kampani yopereka chithandizo cha zinthu monga Topway Shipping ingathandize bwanji kupewa zolakwa zokwera mtengo?
A: Mwa kuyang'anira unyolo wonse (kunyamula katundu m'nyanja, kuchotsa katundu wa pa kasitomu, kusunga katundu, ndi kutumiza katundu mtunda womaliza) ndikuonetsetsa kuti ogulitsa onse akugwiritsa ntchito mapepala omwewo ndikuyang'anira zochitika kuti zolakwika zisachitike pakati pawo.
