Msampha Wobisika wa 18% wa VAT Mukatumiza Kuchokera ku China Kupita ku Turkey (Ndi Momwe Mungapangire Bajeti)
Introduction
Anthu ambiri ochokera kunja omwe amagula katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Turkey amachita ziwerengero zawo pa mtengo wa invoice ya ogulitsa, mwina kuwonjezera mtengo wa katundu ndikuutcha tsiku limodzi. Kenako pali bilu ya msonkho - ndipo sizili monga momwe amaganizira.
Chifukwa chake nthawi zonse chimakhala chimodzimodzi. VAT, kapena KDV monga momwe imatchulidwira ku Turkey, siigwiritsidwa ntchito pamtengo wa invoice yokha. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa msonkho ndi ndalama zomwe zili patsogolo pake, kuphatikiza mtengo wa msonkho. Pazinthu zambiri, chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika ndi 20%. Koma momwe Turkey imasankhira misonkho mu dongosolo lake la misonkho yolowera kunja - msonkho wa msonkho woyambira, msonkho wowonjezera wa msonkho (İGV) makamaka wolunjika kuzinthu zochokera ku China, kenako VAT yowerengedwa pamtengo wokwera kwambiri - katundu weniweni wa VAT womwe mumamva ngati wotumiza kunja ukhoza kuwoneka ngati 18% kapena kupitirira poyerekeza ndi mtengo wanu woyambirira wazinthu.
Phunziroli likulongosola magawo onse a dongosolo la misonkho ya ku Turkey yochokera kunja, likuphunzitsani momwe mungadziwire mtengo weniweni wa katundu wanu pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso likufotokoza momwe mungapewere zolakwika zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri pokonza bajeti. Kaya ndinu woyamba kuitanitsa katundu kuchokera kunja kapena woyang'anira kugula zinthu wodziwa bwino ntchito, muyenera kumvetsetsa dongosololi ngati mukufuna kuti ndalama zanu zipitirire ulendo wochokera ku Shenzhen kupita ku Istanbul.
Chifukwa Chake VAT ya ku Turkey Ikukwera Kwambiri Kuposa Chiwongola dzanja Cha Mutu Chaperekedwa
Mtengo wa VAT wa ku Turkey ndi 20% ndipo ndi chiŵerengero chodziwika bwino. "Chomwe chimadabwitsa otumiza katundu ndi chakuti 20% imeneyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyani. VAT ya ku Turkey pa katundu wochokera kunja siiwerengedwa pa msonkho woyambira pa mtengo wa zinthuzo koma pa mtengo wa msonkho wokhazikika. Izi zikutanthauza mtengo wa CIF wa katunduyo (Cost + Insurance + Freight) kuphatikiza msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho kuphatikiza ndalama zina zilizonse kapena misonkho yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Maziko okhometsa msonkho awonjezeredwa kale ndi chilichonse chomwe chinabwera VAT isanawerengedwe.
Mwachitsanzo, katundu wamtengo wapatali wa $10,000 CIF, wokhala ndi msonkho wa 10% ($1,000), ndi msonkho wowonjezera wa 15% ($1,500) chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zikuchokera ku China, udzakhala ndi msonkho wa VAT osati wa $10,000, koma wa $12,500. VAT ya 20% pa $12,500 ndi $2,500, osati $2,000. $500 imeneyo ndi ndalama zobisika zomwe ma spreadsheet ambiri a bajeti sagwira.
Chulukitsani zimenezo ndi katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe ndipo kusiyana kwa ndalama kumakhala vuto lalikulu la ndalama. Izi zimapangitsa kuti katundu wotumizidwa kuchokera ku China azioneka ngati VAT yokwana 18% kapena kuposerapo pa ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa, ngakhale kuti mtengo wake ndi 20%.
Misonkho Yonse: Gawo Lililonse Lomwe Muyenera Kudziwa
Dziko la Turkey sililipiritsa msonkho uliwonse wochokera kunja. Limadzaza zingapo, chilichonse pamwamba pa chomaliza. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kake kathunthu musanayambe kupanga bajeti moyenera.
| Mtundu wa Msonkho | mlingo | Base | Amene Amalipira |
| Customs Duty (Gümrük Vergisi) | 0–20% (amasiyana ndi HS code) | Mtengo wapatali wa magawo CIF | Tengani |
| Ufulu Wowonjezera wa Kasitomu (İGV) | 10–30% (pa katundu waku China) | Mtengo wapatali wa magawo CIF | Tengani |
| Ntchito Yotsutsa Kutaya | Zimasiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala | Mtengo wapatali wa magawo CIF | Tengani |
| VAT (KDV) | 20% (yokhazikika) | CIF + Ntchito Zonse | Wotumiza kunja (akhoza kubwezedwa ngati adalembetsa ku VAT) |
| Msonkho Wapadera Wogwiritsa Ntchito (ÖTV) | Zimasiyana (magalimoto, zamagetsi, mowa) | Ntchito za CIF + | Tengani |
| RUSF (ngati kulipira si ndalama) | ~ 3% | Mtengo wa Invoice | Tengani |
Magwero: PwC Turkey Tax Summaries (Marichi 2026), Unduna wa Zamalonda ku Turkey, luposimport.com import guide 2026
Customs Duty (Gümrük Vergisi)
Uwu ndi msonkho woyambira wa malonda, kutengera khodi ya GTIP ya malonda, nambala ya manambala 12 ya Turkey yokhudzana ndi kugawa mitengo molingana. Zinthu zonse zomwe zikulowa ku Turkey ziyenera kupatsidwa khodi ya GTIP, ndipo pali zilango zoopsa ngati zinthuzo zitaperekedwa molakwika. Pazinthu zochokera ku China (zomwe zili mgulu la "maiko ena" kunja kwa dera la EU/FTA), msonkho woyambira wa misonkho yamagulu wamba azinthu nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 0%-20%, pomwe zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo ndipo nsalu kapena zinthu zina zogulira zimakhala zapamwamba.
Ufulu Wowonjezera wa Kasitomu (İGV / EGV)
Apa ndi pomwe katundu wochokera ku China amakumana ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe katundu wochokera ku EU nthawi zambiri amachoka. Turkey yakhazikitsa misonkho yowonjezera yoteteza msonkho pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zochokera ku China, makamaka m'magawo monga mipando, mapulasitiki, nsalu, zida zamakanika ndi zida zapakhomo. Turkey yakhala ikukulitsa misonkho iyi kuti iteteze opanga m'nyumba. Mwanjira yothandiza, İGV ikhoza kuwonjezeranso ndalama zina 10 mpaka 30 peresenti kuposa msonkho woyambira, kutengera katunduyo - ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito VAT isanawerengedwe.
Ntchito Zotsutsa Kutaya
Dziko la Turkey lili ndi njira zoletsa kutaya zinthu zomwe zikugwira ntchito pa zitsulo zomangira, zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, matailosi a ceramic, polyethylene, ulusi wina wa nsalu ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana (pakati pa ena) motsutsana ndi kutumiza katundu ku China kuyambira mu 2026. Ntchitozi ndi za malonda okha, ndipo zitha kukhala zofunika. Musanatumize chinthu chilichonse kudziko lina, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira Official Gazette ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda kuti mupeze code yanu ya GTIP - osati mwakufuna kwanu.
VAT (KDV)
Dziko la Turkey lili ndi VAT itatu: 1%, 10% ndi 20%. Zinthu zambiri zochokera ku China zidzalipidwa ndalama zolipirira 20%. Zinthu zofunika kuzigula, nsalu zina ndi mabuku zimakhomeredwa msonkho pamtengo wotsika wa 10%. Chiwerengero cha 1% chomwe chatsika kwambiri ndi chochepa. Mwachidule, mabizinesi olembetsedwa amatha kubweza VAT yochokera kunja ngati VAT yolowera motsutsana ndi VAT yotuluka, koma kwa iwo omwe sanalembetsedwe ndi VAT ndi ndalama zolunjika komanso zosatha kubwezeredwa.
Msonkho Wapadera Wogwiritsa Ntchito (ÖTV)
Kuwonjezera pa zina zonse zokhudza magalimoto, zinthu zamagetsi, mowa, fodya ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba ÖTV yawonjezeredwa. Misonkho yakonzedwanso kwathunthu, makamaka magalimoto ochokera ku China. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2025, pali msonkho wowonjezera wa 25% (wosachepera $6,000) pa magalimoto achikhalidwe ndi a hybrid, 30% (wosachepera $7,000-$8,500) pa magalimoto ophatikizana ndi ma plug-in ndi ma EV. Izi zimalowa m'malo mwa misonkho yowonjezereka yomwe inalipo kale m'dzikolo koma zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chopinga chachikulu.
RUSF (Thumba Lothandizira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida)
Misonkho iyi nthawi zambiri imaiwalika ndipo imagwira ntchito pa zochitika zotumiza kunja zomwe sizinakonzedwe ndi ndalama, monga zomwe zimakhudza makalata a ngongole kapena zikhalidwe zolipirira mochedwa. Ndalama ya 3% imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yotumiza kunja. Ngati muli ndi nthawi yolipira yomwe imapitirira masiku 90, chinthu china chomwe muyenera kuwerengera bajeti ndi RUSF.
Kuwerengera kwa Dziko Lenileni: Mtengo wa $10,000 wa Katundu Waku China
Malingaliro ndi chinthu chimodzi. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo chenicheni cha gulu la zinthu zapakati, mwachitsanzo, mipando yapakhomo yochokera ku Guangdong Province yokhala ndi mtengo wa CIF wa $10,000.
| Mtengo wagawo | Mtengo Wogwiritsidwa Ntchito | Kuwerengera Base | Mtengo (USD) |
| Mtengo wa CIF (Katundu + Katundu + Inshuwaransi) | - | - | $10,000 |
| Customs Duty | 10% | $10,000 | $1,000 |
| Ufulu Wowonjezera wa Kasitomu (İGV) | 15% | $10,000 | $1,500 |
| Chiwerengero cha ndalama zomwe zatsala musanapereke VAT | - | - | $12,500 |
| VAT / KDV | 20% | $12,500 | $2,500 |
| Katundu Wonse wa Misonkho | - | - | $5,000 (50% ya CIF) |
| Mtengo Wonse Wofikira | - | - | $15,000 |
Chitsanzo chimatanthauza kuti ndalama zolipirira msonkho wa 10%, 15% İGV ndi 20% VAT. Mitengo yeniyeni imadalira khodi yeniyeni ya GTIP ndi gulu la zinthu. Chitsanzo ichi sichikuphatikizapo ndalama zolipirira msonkho wa RUSF, ÖTV kapena zolipirira msonkho wa custom processing/brokerage.
Mtengo wonse wogulira katundu ndi $15,000 pa $10,000 ya zinthu - phindu la 50%. Ndipo pa $5,000 ya misonkho, $2,500 (25% ya mtengo woyambirira wa CIF) ndi VAT. Iyi ndi masamu oyambira omwe anthu ambiri obwereketsa katundu nthawi yoyamba amainyalanyaza.
Ngati mtengo wanu unapangidwa pamtengo wa 30% pa mtengo wa zinthu zokwana $10,000, mtengo weniweni wa $15,000 tsopano ndi pafupifupi 20% - ndipo izi zisanachitike kuphatikizapo ndalama zogulira zinthu zochokera ku Turkey, zinthu zolowera mkati, ndi zina zotero. kuwuza ndi kugawa kwa anthu m'nyumba.
Mitengo ya VAT Kutengera Gulu la Zamalonda: Dziwani Musanatumize
Si magulu onse omwe ali ndi VAT yonse ya 20%. Kumvetsa mtundu wa malonda anu kungathandize kusintha momwe mumapangira mtengo.
| Chigamulo cha mankhwala | Mtengo wa VAT | zolemba |
| Katundu wambiri wa mafakitale, zamagetsi, mipando | 20% | Mtengo wamba — umagwira ntchito pa zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagulidwa ku China |
| Zakudya zoyambira, nsalu, mabuku | 10% | Mtengo wotsika — wotumiza kunja ayenera kutsimikizira kuyenerera |
| Sankhani zinthu zaulimi, zipangizo zopangira | 1% | Yochepetsedwa kwambiri — gulu lopapatiza, tsimikizirani HS code |
| Katundu wotumizidwa kunja | 0% | Osalipira VAT; ogulitsa kunja akhoza kubweza VAT yolowera |
Gwero: Chidule cha Misonkho ya PwC Turkey (Marichi 2026), globalvatcompliance.com
Kwa ogulitsa zinthu zoyenerera monga nsalu kapena chakudya choyambira, gawo la 10% lingakhale kuchotsera kwakukulu pa mtengo wamba. Komabe, miyezo yovomerezeka ndi yokhwima ndipo imachokera ku gulu. Ngati muyesa kupempha mtengo wotsika pazinthu zomwe sizili zoyenera mtengo wotsika, izi zimawonedwa ngati kulengeza kochepa ndipo zimaphatikizapo zilango za msonkho.
Mitengo Yachizolowezi ya Misonkho Kutengera Gulu la Zogulitsa kuchokera ku China
Gome ili m'munsimu likuwonetsa zomwe ogulitsa ochokera ku China ayenera kuyembekezera m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Izi ndi INDICATIVE RANGES - kutumiza kulikonse kuyenera kufufuzidwa poyerekeza ndi nambala yapadera ya GTIP.
| Chigamulo cha mankhwala | Customs Duty | İGV yachizolowezi | Onetsetsani Kuti |
| ogula zamagetsi | 0 - 5% | 0 - 10% | Ntchito zomwe zingatheke zotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu |
| Zovala & zovala | 8 - 12% | 10 - 20% | Zowongolera zaukadaulo za TAREKS |
| Mipando & katundu wamatabwa | 0 - 5% | 10 - 30% | Kuwonetsedwa kwakukulu kwa İGV |
| Zoseweretsa & katundu wamasewera | 0 - 5% | 5 - 15% | Zikalata zachitetezo ndizofunikira |
| Mapulasitiki ndi zinthu zapulasitiki | 4 - 6.5% | 10 - 20% | Chiwopsezo chothana ndi kutaya |
| Makina & zida | 0 - 3.5% | 0 - 5% | Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino kwa makampani |
| Zinthu zachitsulo ndi aluminiyamu | 0 - 15% | variable | Njira zogwira ntchito zoletsa kutaya madzi mu 2026 |
| Magalimoto (mafuta/osakanikirana) | 10% + 25% yowonjezera | - | ÖTV pamwamba; katundu wambiri |
Magwero: luposimport.com 2026 malangizo olowera kunja, celikelcpa.com, ndondomeko ya msonkho wa Unduna wa Zamalonda ku Turkey. Ziwerengero zonse ndi zongosonyeza zokha. Kuti mulowetse kunja nthawi zonse yang'anani mitengo yeniyeni ya khodi ya GTIP.
Kulimbitsa Malonda Paintaneti: Zomwe Zinasintha Mu 2024–2026
Ngati mwakhala mukugwiritsa ntchito njira yogulitsira zinthu pa intaneti yodutsa malire, kutumiza zinthu zazing'ono kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aku China kupita kwa ogula aku Turkey, malamulo asintha kwambiri. Mu Ogasiti 2024, mulingo wochotsera katundu wotumizidwa kunja unachepetsedwa kuchoka pa €150 kufika pa €30, ndipo pambuyo pake unasinthidwa kufika pa €27 (kuphatikiza kutumiza) pofika kumapeto kwa 2024. Mabizinesi ambiri otumiza zinthu zazing'ono tsopano sakuyenda bwino pazachuma, chifukwa msonkho wa 60% wa msonkho wa msonkho tsopano ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pa katundu woposa €27 wochokera kumayiko omwe si a EU kuphatikiza China.
Ndondomeko yosavuta yotumizira katundu wotsika mtengo wotumizira katundu wamalonda yachepetsedwa kwambiri. Tsopano, njira yoyendetsera kasitomu ikufunika potumiza katundu pakati pa €30 ndi €1,500. Zochita za Turkey zikuwonetsa njira ya EU - gululi lidzachotsa kwathunthu kuchotsera VAT ya €150 pa malonda apaintaneti pofika chaka cha 2026 - ndipo zikusonyeza kuti katundu wotsika mtengo komanso wokhoma msonkho pang'ono wochokera ku China pamsika waku Turkey udzatha.
Dongosolo la TAREKS (Turkey's Risk-Based Trade Control System) limawonjezera mavuto ena. Makamaka pazinthu zomwe ogula amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili ndi mankhwala - zoseweretsa, nsapato, zinthu zachikopa, ndi nsalu. Ogulitsa kunja ayenera kulembetsa pasadakhale kuti apeze satifiketi yogwirizana ndi magulu awa ndipo mayeso a labotale akupezeka. Ngati izi sizichitika bwino, mudzachedwa kupita kumisonkhano ya kasitomu ndipo muyenera kulipira ndalama zosungira.
Momwe Mungapangire Bajeti Molondola: Ndondomeko Yothandiza
Kuvuta kumeneku kumafuna njira yokhwima yogulira zinthu musanazitumize kunja. Iyi ndi njira yomwe ingakuthandizeni kupewa mavuto ambiri.
Gawo 1: Pezani Khodi Yoyenera ya GTIP Musanayitanitse
Khodi ya GTIP imafotokoza za msonkho wanu wa msonkho wa katundu, kuchuluka kwa katundu wanu wa İGV, kuchuluka kwa katundu wanu wa VAT komanso zosowa zanu zotsata malamulo. Musakhulupirire khodi ya HS ya wogulitsa. Makhodi otumizira katundu aku China ndi makhodi olowera ku Turkey nthawi zonse samagwirizana, ndipo malamulo a ku Turkey adzagwiritsa ntchito khodi yomwe akuona kuti ndi yoyenera. Tsimikizani khodi yanu musanatumize oda yanu yogulira pogwira ntchito ndi broker wa malamulo a msonkho waku Turkey (gümrük müşaviri).
Gawo 2: Pangani Mtengo Wanu Wofikira pa CIF, Osati EXW
Anthu ambiri ochokera kunja amagula EXW (Ex Works) kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aku China ndipo amaona molakwika mtengo wa katundu ndi inshuwaransi. Kuwerengera konse kwa katundu kumachitika pa CIF. Ngati ndalama zomwe mumalipira katundu wanu zakwera kwambiri ndiye kuti msonkho wanu wa msonkho ndi msonkho uliwonse wotsatira nawonso sunawerengedwe mokwanira. Musanapange bajeti yanu, pezani mtengo wabwino wa katundu, kuphatikizapo inshuwaransi.
Gawo 3: Ikani Chigawo Chilichonse Motsatizana
Udindo wa gululi umaphatikizapo ntchito zonse. Zitsatizanitseni: kuwerengera msonkho wa msonkho pa CIF, kenako kuwerengera İGV pa CIF, kenako kuwonjezera CIF + ntchito zonse kuti mufike pa VAT, kenako gwiritsani ntchito VAT. Kuwerengera ÖTV ngati kuli koyenera pa maziko oyenera musanapereke VAT. Apa ndi pomwe mitundu yambiri ya Excel imalakwitsa.
Gawo 4: Werengani Ndalama Zosakhudzana ndi Misonkho
Ku Turkey, Customs brokerage Ndalama zogulira zinthu zotumizidwa kunja kwa bizinesi zimatha kuyambira pa 41 TL mpaka kupitirira 12,000 TL kutengera kusinthasintha kwa malonda. Zinthu zosungidwa ku kasitomu zimawononga ndalama zosungira (ardiye), kuyambira pa 270 TL patsiku pa katundu wokwana 10kg mu 2025, ndi sikelo yotsika ya katundu wamkulu. Kuyesa kutsatira malamulo a TAREKS ndi ndalama zowonjezera pazinthu zamtengo wapatali kapena zoletsedwa mwaukadaulo. Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chili mu kuwerengera msonkho, koma zonse zimakhudza mtengo wanu wogwera pansi.
Gawo 5: Tsimikizirani Mkhalidwe Wotsutsa Kutaya Zinthu ndi İGV Kotala Lililonse
Misonkho yowonjezera ya Turkey ndi njira zopewera kutaya katundu zasinthidwa. Zomwe zikanakhala gulu lotseguka pamene mukhazikitsa unyolo wanu wopereka katundu zitha kukhala zitakopa njira yatsopano yodzitetezera pofika nthawi yomwe katunduyo amatumizidwa. Pangani kukhala gawo lokhazikika la kukonzekera kwanu kutumiza kunja kuti muwunikenso Official Gazette ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda, osati kamodzi kokha.
Kugwira Ntchito ndi Wogwirizana ndi Zinthu Zoyenera: Chifukwa Chake Ndikofunikira
Kuvuta kwa misonkho yochokera ku China kupita ku Turkey kumatanthauza kuti kusankha mnzanu wothandizana ndi katundu ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa momwe otumiza katundu ambiri amaganizira. Ngati wotumiza katundu sangathe kukupatsani upangiri pa gulu la GTIP, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa katundu kapena malamulo a TAREKS, si ndalama zosalowerera ndale, ndi udindo.
Kampani ya Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira mu 2010, ikumanga malo ake ogwirira ntchito pa nkhani zapadera zokhudzana ndi unyolo wotumizira katundu wochokera ku China. Gulu loyambitsa ili lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zaukadaulo wochita zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja, komanso chidziwitso chokwanira cha zomwe zimachitika pakati pa fakitale yaku China ndi doko lomwe likupita.
Chitsanzo cha utumiki cha Topway chimaphatikizapo unyolo wonse wa zinthu: mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku malo opangira mafakitale aku China, malo osungiramo katundu m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zikalata zochotsera katundu ndi kutumiza katundu kumapeto kwa ulendo. Kwa otumiza katundu ochokera kunja kupita ku Turkey, njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera ndalama ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chogwirizanitsa ntchito ndikuphatikiza ntchitozi ku gwero limodzi, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito ogulitsa katundu wosiyana, malo osungiramo katundu ndi malo ochotsera katundu. Topway imapereka ntchito zosinthika za FCL (Full Container Load) ndi LCL (Less than Container Load) kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza malo osungiramo katundu a Istanbul, Mersin ndi İzmir.
Ngati bungwe lanu likukulitsa kugula kwake kuchokera ku China kupita ku Turkey, kukhala ndi mnzanu wothandizana naye wodziwa momwe ndalama zonyamulira katundu zimayendera mu CIF - motero ku Turkey - si chinthu chapamwamba. Ndi kusiyana pakati pa bajeti yomwe imagwirizanirana ndi yomwe imagawikana pa malo osungira katundu.
Zolakwa Zofala Zomwe Zimasokoneza Bajeti Yochokera Kumayiko Ena
Kuvuta kwa misonkho yochokera ku China kupita ku Turkey kumatanthauza kuti kusankha mnzanu wothandizana ndi katundu ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa momwe otumiza katundu ambiri amaganizira. Ngati wotumiza katundu sangathe kukupatsani upangiri pa gulu la GTIP, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa katundu kapena malamulo a TAREKS, si ndalama zosalowerera ndale, ndi udindo.
Kampani ya Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira mu 2010, ikumanga malo ake ogwirira ntchito pa nkhani zapadera zokhudzana ndi unyolo wotumizira katundu wochokera ku China. Gulu loyambitsa ili lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zaukadaulo wochita zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja, komanso chidziwitso chokwanira cha zomwe zimachitika pakati pa fakitale yaku China ndi doko lomwe likupita.
Chitsanzo cha utumiki cha Topway chimaphatikizapo unyolo wonse wa zinthu: mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku malo opangira mafakitale aku China, malo osungiramo katundu m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zikalata zochotsera katundu ndi kutumiza katundu kumapeto kwa ulendo. Kwa otumiza katundu ochokera kunja kupita ku Turkey, njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera ndalama ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chogwirizanitsa ntchito ndikuphatikiza ntchitozi ku gwero limodzi, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito ogulitsa katundu wosiyana, malo osungiramo katundu ndi malo ochotsera katundu. Topway imapereka ntchito zosinthika za FCL (Full Container Load) ndi LCL (Less than Container Load) kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza malo osungiramo katundu a Istanbul, Mersin ndi İzmir.
Ngati bungwe lanu likukulitsa kugula kwake kuchokera ku China kupita ku Turkey, kukhala ndi mnzanu wothandizana naye wodziwa momwe ndalama zonyamulira katundu zimayendera mu CIF - motero ku Turkey - si chinthu chapamwamba. Ndi kusiyana pakati pa bajeti yomwe imagwirizanirana ndi yomwe imagawikana pa malo osungira katundu.
Kutsiliza
Dongosolo la misonkho ya ku Turkey yochokera kunja siliyenera kukhala losavuta ndipo katundu wa zinthu zochokera ku China ndi wovuta kwambiri. Mtengo wa VAT ndi 20% koma zimenezo ndi kuwerengera komaliza kokha. Ndalama yanu yeniyeni ya msonkho imatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe VAT imawerengedwera ndipo maziko ake amakula ndi ndalama zina zonse zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pake. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi VAT poyerekeza ndi mtengo woyambirira wa chinthu chanu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera kuposa mtengo wamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu akale omwe amatumiza kunja amalankhula za kutsitsa VAT yogwira ntchito ndi 18% kapena kuposerapo pa katundu waku China kupita ku Turkey.
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti ngati mwakonzeka bwino, mutha kuthana ndi vutoli. Kugawa bwino kwa GTIP, njira yoyendetsera bwino mtengo wolowera pansi, kudziwa bwino za İGV yomwe ilipo komanso momwe zinthu zilili komanso mnzanu wothandizana naye amene amamvetsetsa bwino njira yonse yochotsera katundu kuchokera ku fakitale yaku China kupita ku Turkey kudzateteza ndalama zanu kuposa kuyesa kuchepetsa kulengeza.
Turkey ikadali imodzi mwa misika yofunika kwambiri yogulira zinthu zopangidwa ku China ndipo mwayi ulipo. Koma masiku omwe mungatumize zinthu kunja popanda kumvetsetsa bwino kapangidwe ka misonkho atha. Bajeti ya katundu wonse - kuphatikiza VAT pamtengo wokwera - ndipo mwakonzeka kupikisana. Musanyalanyaze ndipo kuwerengera kudzachitika chifukwa cha ndalama zolipirira msonkho.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi VAT nthawi zonse imakhala 20% pa zinthu zomwe zimagulidwa kuchokera ku China?
A: Inde, pazinthu zambiri - mtengo wabwinobwino ndi 20%. Magulu monga zakudya zofunika ndi nsalu zina amachepetsedwa ndi 10 peresenti pomwe mitundu yochepa ya zinthu zaulimi imachepetsedwa ndi 1 peresenti. Nthawi zonse onani khodi ya GTIP ya malonda anu ndi ndandanda yovomerezeka ya VAT yaku Turkey kuti mutsimikizire mtengo womwe ukugwira ntchito.
Q: Kodi ndingapezenso VAT yomwe ndimalipira ku kasitomu?
A: Ngati mwalembetsa VAT ku Turkey ndipo mumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamisonkho, VAT Yochokera Kunja (KDV) nthawi zambiri imabwezedwanso ngati msonkho wolowera ku ngongole yanu ya VAT. VAT Yochokera Kunja ndi ndalama zosatha zomwe sizingabwezeretsedwe kwa mabizinesi omwe sanalembetsedwe VAT.
Q: Kodi Additional Customs Duty (İGV) ndi chiyani ndipo ndingadziwe bwanji ngati ikugwira ntchito pa katundu wanga?
A: İGV ndi njira yotetezera yomwe Turkey imaika pa mitundu ina ya zinthu, nthawi zambiri pazinthu zochokera ku China. Mitundu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi monga mipando, nsalu, mapulasitiki ndi zinthu zina zamafakitale. Musanagule, chonde onani database yovomerezeka ya Unduna wa Zamalonda ku Turkey komanso mndandanda waposachedwa wa IGV wa GTIP. Wogulitsa katundu wololedwa akhoza kutsimikizira izi kuti adziwe nambala yanu yazinthu.
Q: Kodi ndalama zotumizira kuchokera ku China zimakhudza misonkho yanga ku Turkey?
A: Chabwino, inde. Ku Turkey, misonkho yonse yochokera kunja imawerengedwa pa mtengo wa CIF - Mtengo, Inshuwalansi ndi Katundu. Mtengo wanu wonyamula katundu umawonjezera CIF yanu, zomwe zimawonjezera msonkho wanu wa msonkho, İGV yanu komanso maziko omwe VAT imatsimikizidwira. Nthawi zonse landirani mitengo yolimba ya katundu musanamalize bajeti yanu yopezera ndalama zoyendera.
Q: Kodi kukhwimitsa malamulo kwa 2024-2026 kwakhudza bwanji kutumiza kwa malonda ang'onoang'ono a pa intaneti kuchokera ku China?
A: Zambiri. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2024, dziko la Turkey linachepetsa malire a kuchotsera katundu kuchokera kumayiko ena kufika pa €27, kuphatikizapo ndalama zotumizira. Kutumiza katundu kuchokera kumayiko omwe si a EU kupitirira mtengo uwu tsopano kulipiritsa ndalama za msonkho wa 60%, kuphatikiza VAT. Njira yosavuta yochotsera katundu wamalonda wotsika mtengo yalimbikitsidwanso, zomwe zapangitsa kuti mitundu yotumizira katundu kuchokera ku China mwachindunji ikhale yopanda phindu malinga ndi malamulo omwe alipo panopa.
