Mtengo Wobisika wa VAT ku Greece: Zimene Wogulitsa Zinthu Waku China Aliyense Ayenera Kudziwa
Introduction
Anthu ochokera ku China akamadziwa mtengo wotumizira katundu ku Greece, nthawi zambiri amangoganizira za ndalama zotumizira katundu, ndalama zolipirira katundu, komanso mwina mitengo yoletsa kutaya katundu. Anthu salabadira kwambiri VAT, ndipo zimenezi zimawononga ndalama zambiri. Greece ili ndi imodzi mwa mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri ya VAT ku European Union ya 24%. Mtengo uwu umagwira ntchito pa mtengo wonse wa CIF wa zinthuzo, kuphatikizapo ndalama zina zowonjezera zotumizira katundu. Mukatumiza chidebe cha zinthu zamagetsi kapena zinthu za ogula kuchokera ku Shenzhen kupita ku Piraeus, mtengo wozitengera kumeneko ukhoza kukwera ndi ma euro masauzande ambiri.
Dongosolo la VAT ku Greece lakhalanso lovuta kwambiri m'zaka zingapo zapitazi. Khodi yatsopano ya VAT ku Greece, Law 5144/2024, idayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2024 ndipo idasintha momwe misonkho ya VAT imafotokozedwera ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusintha kwa EU ku VAT ya pa intaneti, monga dongosolo la Import One-Stop Shop (IOSS) ndi kutha kwa kuchotsedwa kwa katundu wotsika mtengo wa €22, kwasintha kwathunthu momwe mapaketi ang'onoang'ono ochokera ku China amalipiritsidwira msonkho. Cholepheretsa cha msonkho wa €150 chidzachotsedwa posachedwa, chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa EU Ecofin Council mu Novembala 2025. Izi zisintha zachuma chonse cha kutumiza mwachindunji kuchokera ku nsanja zaku China kupita kwa ogula aku Greece.
Tsamba ili ndi la ogulitsa aku China ochokera kunja, amalonda apa intaneti ochokera kumayiko ena, ndi oyang'anira zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa ku Greece kapena kunyamula katundu kudzera ku Piraeus. Limafotokoza momwe VAT imagwirira ntchito, limapeza zotsatira zenizeni pa mtengo wogulidwa, limakambirana zofunikira pakutsata malamulo, komanso limapereka malangizo amomwe mungathanirane ndi vuto la misonkho mwanzeru. Ngati mutumiza ku Greece ndipo simukusamalira bwino momwe VAT yanu imakhudzira, mwina mukusiya ndalama kapena, choyipa kwambiri, kudziika pachiwopsezo cha mavuto okhudzana ndi kutsatira malamulo.
Ndondomeko ya VAT ku Greece: Zoyambira Zomwe Wogulitsa Zinthu Aliyense Ayenera Kuzimvetsa
Greece ndi membala wa EU ndipo ikutsatira malangizo a VAT a EU, ngakhale ili ndi chiwongola dzanja chake chomwe chili chokwera kuposa chiwongola dzanja chochepa cha EU cha 15%. Greece ili ndi chiwongola dzanja cha VAT cha 24%, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zisanu zapamwamba kwambiri mu EU. Chakudya, malo ogona ku hotelo, ntchito zamalesitilanti, mayendedwe a okwera, ndi zina zothandizira zachipatala zonse ndi zitsanzo za magulu omwe ali oyenerera chiwongola dzanja chotsika cha 13%. Misonkho yotsika kwambiri ya 6% imagwira ntchito pamabuku, manyuzipepala, mankhwala, ndi matikiti a zisudzo. Khodi ya VAT ya 2024 idawonjezera chiwongola dzanja chotsika cha 4% pazinthu zina pamlingo uliwonse.
Zinthu zikafika ku EU kuchokera kunja kwa EU, monga zinthu zonse zochokera ku China, VAT imalipidwa pogula zinthu. VAT imadalira mtengo wa katunduyo (CIF value) kuphatikiza ndalama zilizonse zogulira katundu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ogulitsa katundu ambiri aku China samvetsa mfundo yofunika iyi: VAT sikutanthauza mtengo wa katunduyo wokha. Misonkho ya katunduyo imawonjezeredwa ku mtengo wa CIF (mtengo wa katundu + inshuwaransi + katundu wopita kumalire a EU). Chifukwa chake, ngati katunduyo ali ndi ndalama zogulira katundu za 5% poyamba, 24% ya VAT imadalira mtengo womwe uli kale ndi msonkhowo. Zotsatira za kuphatikiza zinthu zimakhala zazikulu.
Zinthu zina siziyenera kulipidwa VAT zikatumizidwa kunja. Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zikutumizidwanso kuchokera ku Greece kupita kudziko lomwe si la EU, katundu yemwe akusungidwa m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu wa kasitomu, ndi mitundu ina ya katundu yomwe ili pansi pa malamulo a EU othandizira. kuwuza Mu ndondomeko ya boma, katundu amene adzatumizidwa kudzera ku Piraeus kupita kwina akhozanso kuchotsedwa VAT. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa njira yoyendetsera zinthu.
| Mtengo wa VAT | mlingo | Magulu Ofunika Kwambiri |
| Standard Rate | 24% | Zamagetsi, zovala, makina, mipando, zinthu zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito |
| Mtengo Wochepetsedwa | 13% | Chakudya, mahotela, zakudya, mankhwala, mayendedwe a anthu |
| Chiwongola dzanja chotsika kwambiri | 6% | Mabuku, manyuzipepala, mankhwala, matikiti a zisudzo |
| Mtengo Wapadera Wochepetsedwa | 4% | Katundu wosankhidwa pansi pa Khodi ya VAT ya 2024 (monga mwalamulo) |
| Chiwongola dzanja cha Zero | 0% | Kutumiza kunja kwa EU, katundu wa B2B wamkati mwa EU wokhala ndi nambala yovomerezeka ya VAT |
| Mitengo Yochepetsedwa ya Zilumba | -30% pa magulu onse | Lesvos, Samos, Kos, Chios, Leros + adakulitsa mndandanda wa 2026 |
Chitsime: Unduna wa Zachuma ku Greece, VAT Code Law 5144/2024; mitengo yoyambira kuyambira Epulo 2026.
Momwe VAT Imawerengedwera Pazinthu Zochokera Ku China: Manambala Enieni
Mmene dziko la Greece limawerengera VAT yochokera kunja ndi chimodzimodzi ndi m'maiko onse a EU, komabe ogulitsa aku China ambiri saganizira izi mokwanira akamaika mitengo ya katundu wawo ku Europe. Si nkhani yongotsatira malamulo okha; kudziwa momwe mungawerengere kungakudziwitseni ngati njira yanu yopangira mitengo ikupanga ndalama.
Njira yodziwika bwino yodziwira izi ndikupeza choyamba mtengo wa CIF, womwe ndi ndalama zonse za malonda a katundu wanu, mtengo wotumizira kuchokera ku China kupita ku EU, komanso mtengo wa inshuwaransi. Chachiwiri, gwiritsani ntchito chiwongola dzanja choyenera cha msonkho wa EU, chomwe mungapeze mu database ya TARIC ya EU pogwiritsa ntchito HS code. Chachitatu, gwiritsani ntchito mtengo wa CIF ku msonkho wa msonkho. Chachinayi, kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa VAT yomwe muli nayo, chulukitsani ndalamazo ndi 24%. Izi ndi zomwe misonkho ya ku Greece idzatenga pa doko lolowera kapena zomwe muyenera kuziulula pasadakhale kudzera mu dongosolo la IOSS.
Chitsanzo Chogwira Ntchito: Kutumiza kwa Zamagetsi Zamagetsi
| Mtengo wagawo | Ndalama (EUR) | zolemba |
| Mtengo wa malonda wa katundu (FOB) | €10,000 | Mtengo wa invoice wolengezedwa |
| Katundu wapadziko lonse (ku China kupita ku Piraeus) | €800 | Zikuphatikizidwa mu kuwerengera kwa CIF |
| Insurance | €50 | Zikuphatikizidwa mu kuwerengera kwa CIF |
| Mtengo wapatali wa magawo CIF | €10,850 | Malo oyambira msonkho wa msonkho |
| Misonkho ya msonkho (monga, 3.7% ya zamagetsi) | €401 | Zogwiritsidwa ntchito ku mtengo wa CIF |
| Mtengo Woyenera Kulipira (CIF + Ntchito) | €11,251 | Maziko a kuwerengera VAT |
| VAT kuchokera kunja (24%) | €2,700 | 24% × €11,251 |
| Katundu Wonse wa Misonkho | €3,101 | Utumiki + VAT pamodzi |
| Mtengo Wogwira Ntchito wa Misonkho pa Mtengo Wamalonda | 31.0% | €3,101 ÷ €10,000 |
Dziwani: Izi ndi chitsanzo. Mitengo yeniyeni ya msonkho imasiyana malinga ndi HS code ndi gulu la zinthu. Onani database ya EU TARIC kuti mudziwe mitengo yeniyeni.
Mfundo yaikulu ya kuwerengera kumeneku ndi yakuti msonkho wonse womwe umaperekedwa pa katundu wotumizidwa, womwe ndi msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho ndi VAT, nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 25% ndi 35% ya mtengo woyambirira wa malonda wa chinthucho pa mitundu yambiri ya katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtolowo ukhoza kukhala waukulu kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi misonkho yotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu, monga nsalu zina, zinthu zachitsulo, zoumba, ndi zamagetsi. Ngati ogulitsa aku China agulitsa katundu wawo pamsika waku Greece popanda kuganizira za mtengo wonsewu, sadzakhala opikisana (ngati apereka ndalama kwa ogula) kapena ali ndi phindu lochepa kwambiri (ngati atenga misonkho).
Mtengo wa €150 Ukutha: Tanthauzo Lake kwa Ogulitsa Malonda Paintaneti
Kuchotsera msonkho wa €150 pa katundu wa msonkho wa katundu wa EU kunali chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri pa malamulo olowera ku EU kwa mabizinesi kwa zaka zambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti katundu wochepera €150 kuti alowe m'dzikolo sanalipidwe ndalama zilizonse za msonkho wa katundu ...
Dongosolo limenelo likutha. Mu Novembala 2025, bungwe la EU Ecofin Council linavomereza mwalamulo kuchotsa malire a €150. Greece ndi France zinayamba kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2026, ma phukusi onse otumizidwa kuchokera ku China, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi ofunika bwanji, adzayenera kulipira misonkho ya msonkho ya EU kutengera HS code yawo. Uku ndi kusintha kwakukulu pa momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito komwe ogulitsa malonda apaintaneti aku China omwe adapanga chitsanzo chawo cha bizinesi mozungulira €150 ayenera kuyankha nthawi yomweyo.
Kumbukirani kuti phukusi lokonzanso VAT la pa intaneti la EU linachotsa kuchotsera VAT kwa €22 pa katundu wochepa kwambiri mu Julayi 2021. Kuyambira pamenepo, zinthu zonse zomwe zatumizidwa kunja, mosasamala kanthu kuti zimawononga ndalama zingati, zayenera kulipira VAT. Mu 2026, msonkho wa msonkho udzagwira ntchito pa katundu yense, osati kokha omwe ali ndi mtengo woposa €150. Zachuma za kutumiza katundu motsika mtengo komanso wokwera kwambiri kuchokera ku China kupita ku Greece zikusintha kwambiri chifukwa cha ndalama zoyendetsera katundu pa phukusi (zomwe zikuyembekezeka kukhala pafupifupi €2 pa phukusi lililonse kutengera mapulani a European Commission).
| Threshold | Zisanafike zaka 2021 | 2021-2025 | Kuchokera ku 2026 |
| Kuchotsera VAT pa ma phukusi ang'onoang'ono | Imagwira ntchito pansi pa €22 | Yathetsedwa — VAT iyenera kulipidwa pa zonse | VAT iyenera kulipidwa pa zinthu zonse zotumizidwa kunja |
| Kusalipira msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho | Imagwira ntchito pansi pa €150 | Ikugwirabe ntchito pansi pa €150 | Kuthetsedwa - udindo pa onse |
| Ndondomeko ya IOSS ikupezeka | Ayi | Inde (kuyambira mu Julayi 2021) | Inde (akupitiriza) |
| Ndalama zolipirira phukusi lililonse | palibe | palibe | ~€2 pa phukusi lililonse (lokonzedwa) |
| Zotsatira zabwino pamtengo wa <€150 phukusi | Low | VAT yokha (24%) | VAT + Ntchito + Ndalama zoyendetsera |
Chitsime: Chigwirizano cha EU Ecofin Council cha Novembala 2025; Deta ya malingaliro a European Commission.
Kulembetsa kwa IOSS, OSS, ndi VAT: Kufotokozera kwa Zosankha Zanu Zotsatira Malamulo
EU idakhazikitsa malo ogulitsira zinthu zogulitsa zinthu (IOSS) mu Julayi 2021 kuti zikhale zosavuta kusonkhanitsa VAT pazinthu zotsika mtengo zomwe zimachokera kunja kwa EU. Kwa ogulitsa aku China omwe amatumiza ma phukusi amtengo wapatali mpaka €150 pa makasitomala aku Greece, IOSS ndiye chida chofunikira kwambiri chotsata malamulo.
Wogulitsa amalembetsa pulogalamu ya IOSS m'dziko limodzi la EU (kapena amagwiritsa ntchito mkhalapakati wolembetsedwa, zomwe zimafunika kwa ogulitsa omwe sali mu EU) ndipo amalandira nambala yapadera ya IOSS VAT. Wogulitsayo amawonjezera VAT pamtengo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziko lomwe akupita—24% ku Greece—panthawi yogulitsa, zinthuzo zisanatumizidwe. Kasitomala amalipira VAT pasadakhale, kenako imanenedwa ndikutumizidwa ku IOSS mwezi uliwonse. Bokosi likafika pamisonkhano ya Greece, wotumiza amawawonetsa nambala ya IOSS, ndipo misonkho imawalola kuti adutse VAT pamisonkhano (popeza VAT inali italipidwa kale polipira).
Phindu lenileni ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Makampani a kasitomu amatha kukonza mapaketi ndi nambala yovomerezeka ya IOSS mwachangu chifukwa safunika kudziwa ndikusonkhanitsa VAT pamalire. Mtengo wolipira ndi womveka bwino komanso womaliza kwa wogula, kotero palibe chilango chosayembekezereka cholowetsa katundu phukusi likafika. Kwa wogulitsa, zimachepetsa mwayi woti mapaketi adzasiyidwa akamatumiza anthu akuyesera kusonkhanitsa misonkho yowonjezera kwa ogula pakhomo.
Ngati ogulitsa aku China sagwiritsa ntchito IOSS, palinso "dongosolo lapadera" la ma phukusi okwana €150. Dongosololi likunena kuti wonyamula katundu kapena bungwe la kasitomu lidzatenga VAT kuchokera kwa wotumiza katunduyo akachotsa katunduyo pamisonkhano kenako n’kutumiza ku kasitomu ku Greece kamodzi pamwezi. Koma ngati pali zambiri, dongosololi ndi lovuta kwambiri ndipo limawononga ndalama zambiri kuti liyendetsedwe. IOSS sigwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza katundu wamkulu (FCL kapena LCL panyanja). M’malo mwake, amadutsa mu kasitomu wokhazikika, komwe VAT imalipidwa mwachindunji ku kasitomu ku Greece katunduyo akatulutsidwa.
| Njira Yotsatira Malamulo | Zoyenera Kwa | Ndani Amalipira VAT | Chofunika Kwambiri |
| Mapulogalamu onse pa intaneti | Maphukusi a B2C ≤ €150 | Wogulitsa amasonkhanitsa ndalama polipira | Nambala ya IOSS + mkhalapakati wa ogulitsa omwe si a EU |
| Makonzedwe Apadera | B2C maphukusi ≤ €150 (palibe IOSS) | Wonyamula katundu amasonkhanitsa katundu akafika | Udindo wa wolengeza (wonyamula) |
| Standard Import | Katundu wonse > €150 / B2B | Wotumiza kunja amalipira pa kasitomu | Kulembetsa VAT ku Greece kapena woimira ndalama |
| OSS (Yosakhala Yogwirizana) | Ntchito za digito za B2C ndi zinthu zina | Wogulitsa kudzera pa tsamba la OSS | Kulembetsa mu dziko limodzi la EU |
| Kuchaja Mobwerera (B2B) | B2B imapereka kwa ogula aku Greece omwe adalembetsa ku VAT | Maakaunti a ogula aku Greece | Nambala yovomerezeka ya VAT ya ku Greece ya wolandira |
Kulembetsa VAT ku Greece kwa Mabizinesi Osakhazikika
Makampani aku China omwe ali ndi malo ku Greece, malo osungiramo katundu otere pafupi ndi Piraeus, ayenera kulembetsa VAT ku Greece asanagulitse msonkho uliwonse. Kwa makampani omwe sanakhazikitsidwe kale, palibe kulembetsa kocheperako komwe kumafunika. Udindo umayamba ndi malonda oyamba okhometsa msonkho. Makampani omwe sali mu EU ayenera kulemba ntchito woimira zachuma yemwe ali ndi udindo wokwaniritsa zofunikira za VAT za kampani yakunja. Muyenera kuchita izi.
Nthawi zambiri, okhometsa msonkho osakhazikika amatumiza zikalata zawo za VAT miyezi itatu iliyonse. Komabe, mabizinesi omwe amasunga maakaunti awiri ayenera kutumiza mwezi uliwonse. Malinga ndi kusintha kwa VAT Code ya 2024, mabizinesi atsopano ayenera kutumiza mwezi uliwonse kuyambira pachiyambi. Pambuyo pa miyezi 24 yotumiza mwezi uliwonse, amatha kusintha kukhala kutumiza miyezi itatu iliyonse. Khodi ya bungwe la misonkho ku Greece (AADE/GSIS) imakulolani kutumiza zikalata zanu zonse pakompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito Fomu F2. Mukatumiza fomu yanu, muyeneranso kulipira VAT. Izi ziyenera kuchitika tsiku lomaliza la bizinesi la mweziwo nthawi yopereka lipoti itatha.
Ntchito Zotsutsana ndi Kutaya Zinthu: Ogulitsa Zinthu ku China Omwe Amakonda Kugulitsa Zinthu Zakunja Nthawi Zambiri Amasowa
Kuwonjezera pa ndalama zolipirira msonkho wanthawi zonse ndi VAT, zinthu zambiri zaku China zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ziyenera kulipira msonkho wa EU woletsa kutaya katundu zikafika ku Greece. Zoopsazi si malingaliro okha; ndi njira zenizeni, zokakamiza zomwe zingakweze kwambiri mtengo wonse wotumizira zinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa. Kuphatikiza pa msonkho wanthawi zonse wa CCT, msonkho woletsa kutaya katundu umawonjezedwa. Kenako, VAT imawerengedwa pa ndalama zonse.
Mabungwe a European Union's Trade Defense Instruments (TDIs) amakhudza zinthu zambiri zochokera ku China, monga zinthu zina zachitsulo ndi aluminiyamu, matailosi a ceramic, ma solar panels, ma e-bikes ndi njinga zamagetsi, zingwe za fiber optic, citric acid, mitundu ina ya nsapato, ndi zinthu zambiri za nsalu. Mitengo imatha kukhala yosiyana kwambiri, kuyambira manambala amodzi mpaka oposa 60% nthawi zina, ndipo ingasinthe pamene European Commission ikuyang'ana ndikusintha kafukufuku wake wotsutsa kutaya zinthu. Ogulitsa kunja aku China omwe sanayang'ane momwe ma HS code awo alili mu database ya EU TARIC alibe chidziwitso chokwanira cha ndalama zomwe amawononga.
| Chigamulo cha mankhwala | Ntchito Yokhazikika ya CCT (pafupifupi) | Ntchito Yotsutsa Kutaya Zinthu (pafupifupi) | Zotsatira Zophatikizana |
| Zitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo | 0% –6% | Kufikira 25% | Kukwera mtengo kwakukulu - kuwonjezeka kwakukulu |
| Matailosi Ceramic | ~ 6% | Kufikira 73% (ya kampani) | Kusokoneza msika kwambiri |
| Njinga zamagetsi / njinga zamagetsi | ~ 6% | Kufikira 79.3% | Choletsa kwa ogulitsa ambiri kunja |
| Ma solar panels/ma cell | 0% | Zimasiyana (zikuwunikidwa) | Yang'anirani kafukufuku wa EU womwe ukupitilira |
| Nsalu zina | 8% –12% | Zimasiyana malinga ndi malonda ndi kampani | Yang'anani TARIC musanatumize |
| Mankhwala a citric | ~ 6.5% | Kufikira 42.7% | Chofunika kwambiri pa mankhwala apamwamba pa chakudya |
Dziwani: Misonkho yoletsa kutaya katundu ndi ya kampani ndi ya malonda. Nthawi zonse tsimikizirani mitengo yomwe ilipo mu database ya EU TARIC (ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric) musanatumize.
Kuchotsera VAT ku Greek Island: Niche Koma Mwayi Weniweni
Anthu ambiri ochokera kunja kwa dziko lapansi sadziwa za kubwezeredwa kwa VAT pachilumbachi, komwe ndi gawo la dongosolo la VAT ku Greece. Mitengo yonse ya VAT imachepetsedwa ndi 30% pazinthu zomwe zimakhomeredwa msonkho pazilumba zinazake za ku Aegean. Zilumbazi tsopano ndi Lesvos, Samos, Kos, Chios, ndi Leros. Kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2026, mndandandawu udzakula mpaka kuphatikiza North Aegean Region, Dodecanese, ndi Regional Unit ya Evros.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiwongola dzanja cha 24% cha VAT chimatsika kufika pa 17% pazilumba zina. Chiwongola dzanja chotsika cha 13% chimatsika kufika pa 9%, pomwe chiwongola dzanja chotsika cha 6% chimatsika kufika pa 4%. Kwa mabizinesi omwe amagulitsa m'misika yazilumbazi, izi sizosiyana kwenikweni. Ngati katundu wanu adzagulitsidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazilumbazi, kaya kudzera mwa wogulitsa wakomweko, msika wofanana ndi wa Amazon womwe umaphimba zilumba za ku Greece, kapena kasitomala wabizinesi yemwe amakhala kumeneko, kudziwa momwe kapangidwe ka mtengo wotsika kameneka kamagwirira ntchito kungakuthandizeni kudziwa mtengo wa malo ndi mitengo yomwe ili yopikisana kwambiri.
Fodya ndi njira zoyendera sizimachotsera mtengo pachilumbachi. Ndipo ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuchotsera mtengo kumakhudza zinthu zomwe zili pachilumbachi zokha, osati zinthu zomwe zimangodutsa ku Piraeus popita kuzilumbazi. Malinga ndi malamulo am'deralo, zinthuzo ziyenera kupita kwa bizinesi kapena munthu pachilumbachi.
Khodi ya Kasitomu ya Dziko la 2025: Zomwe Zinasintha ndi Tanthauzo Lake
Greece idatulutsa National Customs Code yatsopano mu Julayi 2025. Uku kunali kusintha kwakukulu kwa lamulo lomwe cholinga chake chinali kusintha ndikusinthira njira zoyendetsera misonkho m'madoko onse aku Greece, kuphatikiza Piraeus. Zolinga zazikulu ndikupangitsa kuti kasamalidwe ka zinthu kakhale kotseguka, kosavuta kutsatira, komanso kogwira mtima. Izi sizimangokhala phokoso la mabungwe olamulira kwa ogulitsa aku China ndi anzawo ogwirizana nawo pazamalonda. Zimakhudza mwachindunji momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito.
Malamulo atsopanowa akhazikitsa Njira Yoyang'anira Magalimoto Amalonda ndi Ma Container yomwe ikuphatikizapo ukadaulo wamakono wa kasitomu kuphatikizapo makina osinthira a X-ray okhazikika komanso oyenda, makamera ozindikira mapaipi odziyimira pawokha, ndi zotchinga zowongolera zokha pazipata ndi potulukira m'madoko. Izi ndi kusintha kwakukulu pa luso la Greece lokhazikitsa malamulo a kasitomu. Kutumiza komwe sikuli kofunikira kwenikweni, ma code a HS omwe sanalengezedwe molakwika, ndi zochitika zosavomerezeka zomwe mwina sizinadziwike kale tsopano zitha kupezeka ndikulangidwa.
Uthengawu ndi wodziwikiratu kwa ogulitsa kunja aku China omwe adagwiritsa ntchito kugawa ma invoice, kuchepetsa mtengo, kapena kugawa kwa misonkho yosavomerezeka m'mbuyomu kuti achepetse mtengo wa CIF womwe adanena, komanso, VAT ndi msonkho wawo ku Greece: njira zimenezi zikuyika pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ku Greece, ngati muyika zinthu m'gulu la HS code yolakwika, mutha kutaya mpaka 100% ya mtengo wake ndipo muyenera kudikira nthawi yayitali kuti zichotsedwe. Nthawi yomwe kuyang'anira misonkho m'madoko aku Greece sikunali kokhwima ikutha.
Kuwunikira: Kuwongolera Zovuta za Kasitomu ku Greece ndi Kutumiza ku Topway
"Kuyambira mu 2010, Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka njira zoyendetsera zinthu kudzera m'mabizinesi apaintaneti. Amathandiza ogulitsa aku China kuthana ndi mavuto onse okhudzana ndi misonkho yapadziko lonse, VAT, ndi zinthu zomwe zikuyenda bwino m'misika yayikulu yapadziko lonse."
Ogulitsa kunja aku China sangathe kudutsa mosavuta VAT ndi malo osungira katundu omwe afotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi popanda thandizo kuchokera kwa ogwira nawo ntchito zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu ndi kutsatira malamulo omwe akudziwa zomwe akuchita. Kulembetsa ku IOSS, kuwona kulondola kwa CIF, kulembetsa ku Greek VAT kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito posungira katundu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapepala osungira katundu ali bwino ndi madera omwe zolakwa zingakhale zodula kwambiri komanso komwe mnzanu woyenera angakupatseni mwayi waukulu wogwirira ntchito komanso wokwera mtengo.
Anthu omwe adayambitsa Topway Shipping ali ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yokonza zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wa katundu wakunja. Ndi akatswiri pa zolemba zodutsa malire ndi kukonza mitengo ya katundu panjira zazikulu zotumizira katundu. Mphamvu yayikulu ya kampaniyo inali mu ntchito za Transportation ku China-US zomwe zikuphatikizapo unyolo wonse wa katundu kuyambira mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku malo opangira zinthu aku China, kudzera m'malo osungiramo katundu akunja, kuchotsa katundu wa katundu wakunja, komanso kutumiza katundu wakutali kwa ogula aku Greece ndi aku Europe. Ntchito zake zimafikira kumadoko ofunikira aku Europe, kuphatikizapo Piraeus.
Ntchito zotumizira katundu wa panyanja za Topway Shipping zosinthasintha za FCL ndi LCL zimapatsa ogulitsa aku China omwe akuganiza za njira yawo yaku Greece mwayi wopikisana wopeza njira yolunjika ya Piraeus. Izi ndi zabwino kwa ogulitsa katundu ambiri komanso makampani atsopano ogulitsa pa intaneti. Ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi kampani yotumiza katundu yomwe ili ndi ukatswiri wokhudza kutumiza katundu komanso kuchotsera katundu, monga kudziwa za makina a IOSS, kugawa ma code a HS, ndi zofunikira pakulembetsa ku Greek VAT. Mwanjira imeneyi, simuyenera kuthana ndi mgwirizano wogawanika womwe umachitika pamene ogulitsa katundu ndi ogulitsa katundu osiyana amagwira ntchito limodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri komanso zoopsa zotsata malamulo.
Njira Zothandiza kwa Ogulitsa Ku China: Kusamalira Kuchuluka kwa VAT Yanu
Ndi chinthu chimodzi kudziwa kuchuluka kwa VAT yomwe Greece iyenera kulipira. Chinanso ndikubwera ndi njira zothandiza zothetsera vutoli. Pali njira zingapo zalamulo zomwe ogulitsa aku China ndi ogulitsa ochokera m'mayiko ena angathandizire kukonza kapangidwe ka ndalama zawo popanda kuswa malamulo aliwonse a EU.
Lembetsani ku IOSS Musanayifune
Ngati mugulitsa mwachindunji kwa makasitomala aku Greece ndipo maoda anu ambiri ndi ochepera €150, muyenera kupanga kulembetsa ku IOSS kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2025. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti kuchotsera msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho posachedwa sikudzatha. Ngati mukufuna kuti ma phukusi anu adutse mwachangu kudzera mu milatho ya ku Greece, muyenera IOSS. Popanda izi, kampani yanu yonyamula katundu kapena wothandizira positi angayese kusonkhanitsa VAT potumiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale madandaulo ambiri, kubweza, ndi ma phukusi osiyidwa. Ogulitsa omwe si a EU ayenera kulemba ntchito mkhalapakati wolembetsedwa wa EU kuti agwiritse ntchito IOSS. Ili ndi lamulo, osati chisankho.
Gwiritsani Ntchito Ndondomeko Yosungira Zinthu Mwanzeru
Dongosolo la kasitomu ku Greece ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowonjezerera ndalama kwa mabizinesi omwe amatumiza katundu wambiri. Katundu akayikidwa molunjika m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu yokhala ndi bond mkati kapena pafupi ndi Piraeus, salipira VAT kapena msonkho wa msonkho akatumizidwa kunja. Katundu akatuluka m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndipo amaloledwa kuyenda momasuka, pamenepo ndiye kuti msonkho ndipo VAT imayenera kulipidwa. Ngati katunduyo atumizidwa kudziko lina la EU kuchokera ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu, palibe msonkho kapena VAT woti ulipire. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogwirira ntchito zotumizira katundu ndi malo ogawa katundu m'madera omwe amatumikira misika yoposa umodzi.
Tsimikizirani Mkhalidwe Wotsutsa Kutaya Zinthu Musanayambe Kugulitsa Zatsopano Zonse
Misonkho ya EU yoletsa kutaya katundu ndi yosiyana pa chinthu chilichonse ndi kampani iliyonse, ndipo imasintha pakapita nthawi pamene European Commission ikuyamba, kusintha, ndikuthetsa kafukufuku wamalonda. Ogulitsa kunja aku China omwe amawonjezera magulu atsopano azinthu popanda kuyang'ana kaye database ya EU TARIC kuti apeze njira zoletsa kutaya katundu akhoza kukhala ndi bilu yamisonkho ku Piraeus custom yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa momwe amafunira. Musanapange malonjezo opanga ndikugawa chinthu chatsopano, onetsetsani kuti kutsimikizira kwa TARIC ndi gawo lokhazikika pakupanga ndi kupeza zinthu.
Unikaninso Incoterms Yanu ndi Chitsanzo cha Mtengo Womwe Mwalandira
Anthu ambiri ochokera ku China amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya FOB, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amagulitsa zinthu padoko la China ndipo wogula ndiye amene ali ndi udindo pa ndalama zonse pambuyo pake. Izi n'zosavuta kuzimvetsa komanso kuziyeretsa, koma zikutanthauza kuti ogula anu ndi omwe amayang'anira njira ya milatho ya ku Greece ndi VAT, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimachita bwino. Muli ndi ulamuliro wambiri pa kuwerengera ndalama zonse zolandirira katundu ngati mugulitsa DDP (Delivered Duty Paid). Zimatengera malo anu pamsika ndi malire ngati FOB kapena DDP ndi yabwino, koma muyenera kudziwa mtengo wonse wolandirira katundu pansi pa Incoterm iliyonse kuti mupange zisankho zomveka pamitengo.
Kutsiliza
Mtengo wa VAT wa 24% ku Greece si nambala yokha pa fomu ya kasitomu; ndi mtengo wa kapangidwe kake womwe umawonjezera mitengo yolowera kunja, njira zopewera kutaya katundu, ndi ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu kuti upange msonkho wonse womwe ungakhale 30% kapena kuposerapo wamtengo wapatali wa malonda a zinthu zambiri zotumizidwa kunja ku China. Msika wa Greece nthawi zonse sudzakwaniritsa zomwe otumiza kunja omwe sanaganizire izi pokhazikitsa mitengo, kukhazikitsa malire, ndikukonzekera njira zoyendera.
Malamulo ndi malangizo akusinthanso mwachangu. Kusintha kwa VAT Code ya 2024, kutha kwa msonkho wa €150 mu 2026, National Customs Code yatsopano yokhala ndi ukadaulo wabwino wokhazikitsa malamulo, ndi malamulo okhwima a e-invoising ndi malipoti ku Greece zonse zikusonyeza chinthu chomwecho: masiku osamalira VAT ya ku Greece kudzera mu machitidwe osavomerezeka kapena kungonyalanyaza atha. Kutsatira malamulo kukukulirakulira.
Kwa ogulitsa kunja aku China omwe amachita zinthu moyenera—pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera yogawa ma code a HS, CIF valuation, IOSS kapena nyumba zosungiramo katundu, ndi ogwirizana nawo pa nkhani ya katundu ndi kutsata malamulo—Greece ndi doko lake la Piraeus ndi njira yosangalatsa kwambiri yolowera pamsika. Nyanja ya Mediterranean ikukhala yofunika kwambiri ngati malo olumikizirana pakati pa Asia ndi Europe. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chidziwitso cha msika wa ku Greece chikhale chamtengo wapatali, osati chochepa. Ogulitsa kunja omwe amawononga ndalama kuti apeze njira zolondola za VAT ndi kasitomu adzakhala ndi mwayi wokwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi opikisana nawo omwe akupitiliza kugwira ntchito mumdima.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi VAT yokhazikika pa katundu wotumizidwa ku Greece ndi yotani?
A: Mtengo wa VAT ku Greece ndi 24%. Izi zimagwira ntchito pazinthu zambiri zomwe zimachokera kunja kwa EU, kuphatikizapo katundu yense wochokera ku China. Izi zimadalira mtengo wa CIF wa zinthuzo komanso mitengo iliyonse yolowera kunja yomwe imagwira ntchito, osati mtengo wa katunduyo wokha.
Q: Kodi kuchotsedwa kwa msonkho wa €150 kukugwirabe ntchito potumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Greece?
A: Kukhululukidwa kwa msonkho wa €150 kudzatha kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2026, pambuyo poti EU Ecofin Council yavomereza izi mu Novembala 2025. Mu Julayi 2021, kukhululukidwa kwa VAT kwa €22 kunachotsedwa kale. Ogulitsa kunja aku China ayenera kuyamba kukonzekera mitengo yawo ndi malamulo awo akamaliza kukhululukidwa.
Q: Kodi ogulitsa kunja aku China ayenera kulembetsa kuti alandire VAT ku Greece?
A: Ngati muli ndi katundu ku Greece, mumapereka zinthu kwa makasitomala aku Greece kudzera mu sitolo yanu ya pa intaneti, kapena mumapereka ndalama zokhoma msonkho ku Greece, muyenera kulembetsa kuti mupeze VAT, nthawi zambiri kudzera mwa woimira zachuma ku Greece. Palibe kuchuluka kocheperako kolembetsa mabizinesi omwe sanakhazikitsidwe kale. Ngati mumagulitsa pa nsanja zolembetsedwa ndi IOSS kapena misika ngati Amazon, msika umasamalira VAT kwa inu, koma muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti izi zachitika.
Q: Kodi IOSS ndi chiyani ndipo kodi ndikuifuna ngati wogulitsa malonda apaintaneti waku China?
A: Pulogalamu ya IOSS (Import One-Stop Shop) ya EU imasonkhanitsa VAT pa zinthu zotsika mtengo (mpaka €150 pa katundu aliyense) pamalo ogulitsira, asanatumize. Ogulitsa ochokera kunja kwa EU, monga ogulitsa aku China, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito munthu wolembetsedwa wa EU kuti akafike ku IOSS. Sikofunikira ndi lamulo, koma ndikofunikira kuti makasitomala azitha kuvomereza bwino katundu wawo komanso kuti makasitomala awo akhale ndi chidziwitso chabwino ku Greece ndi mayiko ena onse a EU.
Q: Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati zinthu zanga zikukumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kutaya katundu ku Greece?
A: Gwiritsani ntchito HS code ya malonda anu kuti mufufuze mu database ya TARIC ya EU (ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric). Misonkho yotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu ndi yosiyana pa chinthu chilichonse ndi kampani iliyonse, ndipo ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kwambiri. Musanasankhe magulu a malonda pamsika wa ku Ulaya, chitani izi. Komanso, onaninso nthawi iliyonse EU ikayamba kufufuza zachitetezo cha malonda chomwe chimakhudza kutumiza kunja kwa China.
