Kulemera kwa Volumetric vs. Kulemera Kwenikweni: Siyani Kulola Wotumiza Katundu Wanu Kuwerengera Zonse Popanda Inu
Introduction
Wogulitsa aliyense wodutsa malire ali ndi nthawi imeneyo: mumalandira invoice yonyamula katundu, ndipo nambala yake ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa mtengo womwe mudapatsidwa. Mumayimbira wotumiza katundu wanu, ndipo yankho lake limabwera m'mawu awiri - kulemera kwa volumetric. Ngati ziganizo zimenezo zikupangitsa maso anu kunyezimira, nkhaniyi ndi yanu makamaka.
Kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa kulemera kwa volumetric ndi kulemera kwenikweni si nkhani yaikulu kwa akatswiri a zautumiki. Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimakuthandizani kwambiri pa ndalama zomwe mumatumiza ndipo kusiyira munthu wina kuwerengera kumatanthauza kusiya ndalama zonse pa katundu aliyense wotumizidwa. Mukamvetsa masamu ndi zovuta zake, mutha kuyang'ana mabilu molimba mtima, kukambirana mitengo yabwino, ndikukonza njira yanu yopakira katundu musanatuluke pa malo opangira katundu.
Kodi Tikulankhula Chiyani Kwenikweni?
Kulemera kwenikweni ndiko komwe kumamveka. Uku ndi kulemera konse kwa katundu wanu monga momwe kumayesedwera pa sikelo. Kumaphatikizapo katunduyo, kuphatikizapo zinthu zopakira, ndi ma pallets kapena ma crating. Zosavuta, konkire komanso zosavuta kuzitsimikizira.
Palinso chinthu chotchedwa kulemera kwa volumetric (kapena kulemera kofanana, kapena kulemera kwa DIM). Ndi nambala yowerengedwa yomwe imakuuzani kulemera kwa katundu wanu kutengera kuchuluka kwa malo omwe amatenga m'galimoto kapena ndege ya wonyamula katundu. Mfundo yake ndi yosavuta, wonyamula katundu ali ndi mphamvu yolemera komanso malo okwanira. Kutumiza katundu kopepuka koma kochuluka kumatenga malo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ponyamula katundu wolemera kwambiri, motero wonyamula katundu amafunika njira yolipirira kutayika kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza. Lingaliro linali kupanga njira yomwe imamasulira miyeso yakuthupi kukhala yofanana ndi kulemera.
Izi zimadziwika kuti kulemera kwa volumetric kapena dimensional, ndipo zonyamulira zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatirayi kutengera muyezo wa IATA: Kulemera kwa Volumetric (kg) = (Kutalika cm x M'lifupi cm x Kutalika cm) / 6,000. Kutembenuka kwachizolowezi kwa LCL ocean shipment = 1 CBM = 1,000 kg. Zonyamulira zimalipira ndi kuchuluka kwa muyeso weniweni wa cubic kapena voliyumu yofanana ndi kulemera.
Akawerengera zolemera zonse ziwiri, kampani yonyamula katundu imagwiritsa ntchito nambala yayikulu kwambiri. Imeneyo imatchedwa kulemera koyenera kulipira ndipo ndiyo maziko a invoice yanu. Apa ndi pomwe ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amadabwa.
Chitsanzo Chowerengera Mwachangu: Kunyamula Ndege
| Mtundu wa Mtundu | Miyeso Yodzaza (cm) | Kulemera Kwenikweni | Kulemera kwa Voliyumu (gawo 6,000) | Chargeable Kunenepa |
| Sofa mu bokosi lamatabwa | 180 × 90 × 80 | 60 makilogalamu | 216 makilogalamu | 216 makilogalamu |
| Gawo la makina olimba | 50 × 40 × 30 | 85 makilogalamu | 10 makilogalamu | 85 makilogalamu |
| Kusunthidwa | 200 × 80 × 40 | 55 makilogalamu | 107 makilogalamu | 107 makilogalamu |
| Mpando wokomera | 120 × 70 × 90 | 78 makilogalamu | 126 makilogalamu | 126 makilogalamu |
| Firiji | 90 × 75 × 170 | 82 makilogalamu | 192 makilogalamu | 192 makilogalamu |
Chifukwa Chake Izi Ndi Zofunika Kwambiri Pa Katundu Waukulu Ndi Wolemera
Ngati mumagulitsa zinthu zazing'ono zokhuthala, monga zitsulo zolimba, zamagetsi zokhuthala kapena zipangizo zopangira, kulemera kwenikweni nthawi zambiri kumakhala chinthu chachikulu ndipo simungakhale ndi vuto ndi kuwerengera kwa voliyumu. Komabe, kwa aliyense wotumiza mipando, zida zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, kunyumba zipangizo, mipando yotikita minofu, mabedi kapena zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri, kulemera kwa voliyumu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kulemera kwenikweni. Ili ndi gulu la zinthu zomwe zikulimbikitsa chitukuko chachikulu cha katundu wamkulu wodutsa malire.
Zimenezi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamene ogulitsa amatumiza kudzera mwa ma broker omwe nthawi zambiri samafotokoza momveka bwino za amene amagwiritsa ntchito wogawa katundu. Wogawa katundu wa IATA wokhazikika pa ndege ndi 6000 pomwe ena onyamula katundu mwachangu amagwiritsa ntchito 5000, zomwe zikutanthauza kulemera kwakukulu kwa voliyumu ndipo motero amalipiritsa ndalama zambiri. Kutumiza katundu wa LCL panyanja kumatsatira lamulo la W/M. Ngati wotumiza katundu wanu asankha wogawa katunduyo koma osakufotokozerani, kusiyana pakati pa kuyerekezera kwanu ndi invoice yomaliza kungakhale kwakukulu.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuwerengera sikuyenera kuchitidwa mu bokosi lakuda. Muyenera kudziwa kukula kwa katunduyo akafika mu phukusi lake lomaliza, muyenera kudziwa gawo lomwe wonyamula katunduyo amagwiritsa ntchito ndipo muyenera kuchita kuwerengera nokha musanavomereze mitengo iliyonse.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana Yotumizira
Kawirikawiri, chisokonezo chimabwera chifukwa chogawa katundu si chofanana kwa aliyense. Chimasiyana malinga ndi mayendedwe, chonyamulira katundu, komanso nthawi zina malinga ndi njira kapena mtundu wa katundu. Musanasungitse, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kutumiza kwanu kuti muyerekezere mtengo woyenera.
| Njira Yotumiza | Wogawanitsa Wokhazikika | zolemba |
| Kunyamula Ndege (IATA Standard) | 6,000cm³/kg | Chofala kwambiri pa ndege zonyamula katundu wamba |
| Express Courier (DHL, FedEx, UPS) | 5,000cm³/kg | Zolimba - zimapangitsa kuti kulemera kwa voliyumu kukhale kwakukulu |
| LCL Ocean Freight | 1 CBM = 1,000 kg | Kuchaja kutengera W/M, iliyonse yomwe ndi yayikulu |
| FCL Ocean Freight | Mtengo wa chidebe chathyathyathya | Zitseko zolemera pa mtundu uliwonse wa chidebe zikugwirabe ntchito |
| China-Europe Rail (中欧班列) | Zimasiyanasiyana ndi wogwiritsa ntchito | Kawirikawiri zimafanana ndi malamulo a nyanja ya LCL |
Kugawa kwa 6,000 sikochepa poyerekeza ndi kugawa kwa 5,000. Pa 160 x 80 x 100 cm yotumizira, kulemera kwa voliyumu kumakhala pafupifupi 213 kg pansi pa 6,000. Ndi 256kg, ngati kuli pansi pa 5,000. Chosintha chimodzichi chikupanga kukhudza kwa $172 pa chidutswa chimodzi chokha pa $4/kg. Ndipo ngati muchulukitsa ndi chidebe chonse, kukhudzako kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri mwachangu kwambiri.
Kumene Ogulitsa Amataya Ndalama Posazindikira
Cholakwika chachikulu ndi kudziwa kukula kwa katundu wotumizidwa kutengera katunduyo osati pa chipangizo chomangidwira. Ngati sofa ndi 180 x 85 x 75 cm koma yatumizidwa mu bokosi lamatabwa la 195 x 100 x 90 cm, kulemera kwa voliyumu kudzatsimikiziridwa pa kukula kwa bokosilo osati pa chinthucho. Ogulitsa akunena za kukula kwa zinthu zomwe zapangidwa ndi katundu wawo kenako n’kudabwa ndi mtengo wake sanaganizire zenizeni za katundu wotumizidwayo.
Munthu wachiwiri amene wachita izi amanyamula katundu mopitirira muyeso, ndipo izi zimachitika makamaka m'zinthu zosalimba pamene ogulitsa alakwitsa kwambiri pankhani yosamala. Sentimita iliyonse ya thovu, bokosi lililonse lalikulu, bokosi lililonse la kukula kwachizolowezi lomwe limayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a chinthu chosakhala chachilendo limathandizira kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri. "Njira yabwino yopezera katundu imateteza katunduyo popanda kuwonjezera zinthu zosafunikira ndipo kupeza kuti ndalamazo ndi njira yeniyeni yopezera ndalama - osati kusokoneza chitetezo."
Vuto lachitatu ndilakuti kutumiza sikumaphatikizidwa. Nthawi zambiri, kuphatikiza kutumiza kamodzi m'malo mwa ziwiri zazing'ono kumatanthauza kulipira ndalama zochepa kawiri. Otumiza katundu abwino adzakuuzani izi - koma pokhapokha ngati agwiritsa ntchito njira yolankhulirana ndi akaunti yanu m'malo mongosungitsa malo.
Momwe Katswiri Wothandizira Kutumiza Zinthu Amasinthira Equation
Apa ndi pomwe kusankha makina otumizira katundu kumafunikira kwambiri kuposa momwe ogulitsa ambiri amaganizira poyamba. Makina otumizira katundu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse amatha kusuntha katundu wanu, koma katswiri wamkulu komanso wolemera amapereka luso losiyana kwambiri pa kuwerengera kulemera kulikonse, kulongedza katundu kulikonse, komanso kusankha njira iliyonse.
Topway Shipping ndi bizinesi yotumiza katundu yochokera ku Shenzhen yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010. Gulu loyambitsa ili lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza katundu ndi misonkho yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo lingaliro lonse la bizinesi limachokera pa ntchito imodzi yapadera - kutumiza katundu wolemera kwambiri kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe ndi North America. Malire ogwirira ntchito ndi zidutswa za katundu wolemera mpaka matani 8 ndi mamita 8 pamphepete iliyonse, mtundu wa katundu womwe anthu ambiri otumiza katundu sangakwanitse, womwe umafuna chidziwitso chakuya cha kapangidwe ka katundu, kusankha katundu wonyamula katundu komanso kulumikizana kwa katundu womaliza kumapeto kwa ulendo.
Popeza Topway imayang'ana kwambiri pamsika uwu, gulu lawo lili ndi chidziwitso chakuya cha momwe kulemera kwa volumetric kumakhudzira mtundu wa zinthu zomwe amagwira ntchito nazo - mipando, zida zapakhomo, zida zolimbitsa thupi, zida zamafakitale, ndi zinthu zina zogulira zambiri. Popereka upangiri pa kulongedza, akuchita izi ndi zolinga ziwiri: kukonza chitetezo cha katundu komanso kukula kwa zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa ndi kuwerengera kulemera komwe kumayikidwa.
Amaphimba Europe m'maiko 25 a EU, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), komwe amachotsa katundu ndi gulu lawo lovomerezeka osati kudzera mwa othandizira am'deralo. Kwa ogulitsa omwe katundu wawo wachedwa kutumizidwa kumalire a Europe chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zikalata kapena kusintha kwa mitengo kosayembekezereka, ubwino wa kuchotsa katundu wodzilamulira wokha ndi wodzilamulira wokha ndi wodziwikiratu nthawi yomweyo.
Timapereka ntchito zonse zoyendera monga kutumiza katundu panyanja, kutumiza katundu wa pandege, sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe, ndi zina zotero. kuwuza, kukonzekera kwa FBA, ndi kutumiza kwa B2B/B2C mtunda waufupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makasitomala ali ndi ufulu weniweni wogwirizanitsa njira yotumizira ndi mbiri yogwiritsira ntchito bwino mtengo wa katundu aliyense wotumizidwa m'malo mokakamizidwa kupeza yankho limodzi. Deta yofalitsidwa ya magwiridwe antchito ikuwonetsa kuti 91 peresenti ya katundu wotumizidwa ndi DDP m'nyanja amafika mkati mwa masiku 45 mpaka 55, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogulitsa zinthu zazikulu azidalira kwambiri mayendedwe awo kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi makasitomala nthawi imodzi.
Mndandanda Wowunikira Wothandiza Musanatumize Zotsatira
Nayi njira yokonzedwa bwino yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito musanatumize katundu, m'malo mongolandira invoice. Yambani ndi miyeso yomaliza yopakidwa - osati miyeso ya chinthu, osati miyeso ya katoni yoyikidwa kale, koma miyeso yeniyeni ya chinthucho momwe chidzaperekedwere kwa wonyamula katundu. Yesani chinthu chopakidwa pa sikelo yovomerezeka ndipo lembani kulemera konsekonse kuphatikizapo ma phukusi onse.
Kenako chitani kuwerengera voliyumu nokha pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera yotumizira. Yerekezerani zotsatira ndi kulemera konse kwenikweni. Kulemera kwanu kolipiridwa ndi chilichonse chomwe chilipo. Mtengo umenewo uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito polemba mtengo wa katundu wanu. Ngati chiwerengero chomwe mwapatsidwa chili chosiyana ndi mtengo, funsani kuti akufotokozereni.
Chongani gawo lomwe likugwirizana ndi kampani yanu yonyamula katundu. Ngati mukutumiza kudzera pa mthenga wothamanga, tengani 5000. Ganizirani 6,000 pa katundu wamba wa pandege. Ngati LCL ocean isintha Cubic kukhala CBM ndikugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la W/M. Ngati mwasankha katswiri wotumiza katundu pazinthu zazikulu, muwapemphe kuti akutsogolereni kuwerengera kwathunthu pa kutumiza kwanu koyamba limodzi - mnzanu wowonekera bwino adzachita izi popanda kukayikira.
Pomaliza, yesani mitengo molingana ndi mitundu ya katundu wanu wolemera womwe mungalipire. Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziyambe kuyenda bwino zimawerengedwa mosiyana, komabe mukayang'ana mitengo ya katunduyo, katundu wooneka ngati wokwera mtengo wa pandege akhoza kupikisana ndi LCL. Njira yoyenera imadalira nthawi yomwe zinthuzo zimafunika, mtengo wa katunduyo, komanso komwe kampani yanu ili munthawi yake yosungira katundu.
Kuyerekeza kwa Njira Yotumizira: Kutumiza katundu wambiri ku China kupita ku Europe
| mafashoni | Maulendo Odziwika | Zokwanira Kwambiri | Kuganizira Kwambiri |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | masiku 12-15 | Katundu wamtengo wapatali, wofunika kwambiri pa nyengo | Mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri pa kg; kulemera kochepa ndikofunikira |
| Ocean Freight (LCL) | masiku 45-50 | Katundu wolemera, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimawononga ndalama zambiri | Lamulo la W/M likugwira ntchito; mitengo yokhazikika |
| Sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe | masiku 30-45 | Katundu wapakati pa malonda apaintaneti | Ndandanda yokhazikika; ndalama zabwino/nthawi yabwino |
| Nyumba Yosungiramo Zinthu Zakunja + Makilomita Omaliza | Zimasiyana malinga ndi katundu | Kukwaniritsidwa kwa B2C pafupipafupi | Imafuna kudzipereka pasadakhale kwa zinthu zomwe zili mumndandanda |
Kukonza Mapaketi: Ndalama Imodzi Yomwe Imalipira Kutumiza Konse
Ngati pali kusintha kwina komwe nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa ndalama zonyamula katundu kwa ogulitsa zinthu zazikulu, kumakhala kuthera nthawi pakupanga kulongedza katundu musanasankhe njira yotumizira katundu. Kulumikizana pakati pa kukula kwa phukusi ndi kulemera komwe kungathe kulipiridwa ndi kosavuta komanso kogwirizana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mawonekedwe abwino a kulongedza katundu amachititsa kuti katundu azilipira mtengo nthawi iliyonse akatumizidwa.
Cholinga chake si kuchepetsa chitetezo, koma kuchotsa zinthu zosafunikira. Mapepala ophimba thovu omwe amakupatsani malo okwana 10cm pomwe 5cm ingachite bwino ntchito, mabokosi opangidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa mkati, mabokosi ofanana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga mawonekedwe azinthu zosazolowereka - zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti kulemera kwa voliyumu kukhale kosafunikira komwe mumalipira pa kusungitsa kulikonse. Kugwira ntchito ndi injiniya wonyamula katundu - kapena katswiri wonyamula katundu yemwe amamvetsetsa zofunikira zoteteza komanso zachuma - nthawi yomweyo amatha kuzindikira kusagwira ntchito bwino kumeneku ndikumasulira zotsatira zake kukhala kuchepetsa mtengo.
Kwa ogulitsa kutumiza kudzera mu Amazon FBA kapena kudzera m'malo osungiramo katundu akunja, palinso zovuta zina: ma CD amatha kutsegulidwa, kuunikidwa ndikupakidwanso m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu, ndipo miyeso yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polipira mkati mwa nyumba yosungiramo katundu ikhoza kusiyana ndi miyeso yomwe yalembedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Kudziwa komwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuwerengera kulikonse mu unyolo wanu woperekera katundu—ndi amene amayang'anira malo aliwonse oyezera—kumakupatsani chidziwitso chomwe mukufunikira kuti muwongolere ndalama kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto, osati kokha pa doko lochokera.
Kutsiliza
Kulemera kwa volumetric si nyenyezi pa invoice yanu yonyamula katundu. Ndi njira yopangira mitengo yomwe imakhudza mwachindunji zomwe mumalipira pa katundu wamkulu aliyense, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa kumvetsetsa ndi kunyalanyaza kungakhale madola masauzande ambiri pa chidebe chilichonse pa nyengo yonse yotumizira katundu.
Ogulitsa bwino kwambiri pakuwongolera ndalama zonyamula katundu apanga kuwerengera kulemera koyenera kukhala luso lofunika kwambiri pabizinesi. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti muyenera kukhala katswiri wa zamayendedwe. Zimaphatikizapo kusankha mnzanu amene ali ndi luso lenileni pa mtundu wa katundu wanu, munthu amene amawerengera poyera manambala, amalangiza za kukonza zonyamula katundu, ndikupanga dongosolo loyendetsera katundu lomwe limagwirizanitsa malire anu azachuma ndi zomwe mukuyenera kupereka.
Kudziwa bwino zinthu kumeneku kumabweretsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa makampani omwe amatumiza katundu wambiri kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe kapena North America. Nthawi ina invoice yonyamula katundu ikakhala yayikulu kuposa momwe mumayembekezera, mudzadziwa komwe mungayang'ane komanso mafunso enieni oti mufunse.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi kulemera koyenera kulipitsidwa ndi chiyani, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani kumakhudza invoice yanga?
A: Kulemera komwe kungathe kulipitsidwa ndikokwera kuposa kulemera kwenikweni kapena kulemera kwa katundu wanu. Onyamula amalipiritsa kutengera nambala iyi chifukwa kulemera ndi malo onse ndi zinthu zochepa pagalimoto iliyonse kapena ndege. Kulemera kwa voliyumu nthawi zambiri kumapambana pazinthu zazikulu monga mipando kapena zida zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha ndalama zomaliza.
Q: Ndi gawo liti logawa lomwe ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito powerengera kulemera kwa volumetric?
A: Kutumiza katundu wamba wa ndege - gwiritsani ntchito 6,000. Miyeso mu cm. Kwa otumiza katundu mwachangu monga DHL, FedEx kapena UPS, chogawa nthawi zambiri chimakhala 5000 - chocheperako komanso chokwera mtengo pazinthu zolemera. Pa katundu wa LCL wa m'nyanja gwiritsani ntchito 1 CBM = 1000 kg pa lamulo la W/M. Nthawi zonse yang'anani chogawa ndi chonyamula chanu musanavomereze mtengo uliwonse.
Q: N’chifukwa chiyani invoice yanga yonyamula katundu ili yokwera kuposa mtengo woyambirira?
Yankho: Kufotokozera kofala kwambiri ndi kwakuti mtengowo unachokera pa miyeso yoyerekezeredwa kapena kukula kwa chinthucho ndipo invoice ikuwonetsa miyeso yeniyeni yomaliza yokonzedwa. Tsimikizirani miyeso yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chilichonse, pangani kuwerengera kwanu kwa voliyumu ndipo funsani wotumiza wanu kuti akufotokozereni momwe kulemera komwe kungalipidwe kunawerengedwera.
Q: Kodi katundu wa m'nyanja amagwiritsa ntchito kulemera kwa volumetric monga momwe katundu wa m'mlengalenga amachitira?
A: Lamulo la W/M (Kulemera kapena Muyeso) limagwira ntchito pa katundu wa LCL panyanja, pomwe mtengo wolipidwa umadalira kulemera kwakukulu kwa ziwirizi: kulemera kwenikweni kapena kuchuluka kwa CBM komwe kumatanthauziridwa kukhala kulemera kofanana pogwiritsa ntchito 1 CBM = 1,000 kg. Pa kutumiza kwa FCL, chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika cha chidebe chimalipidwa. Zoletsa kulemera ziyenera kutsatiridwa pa mtundu uliwonse wa chidebe.
Q: N’chiyani chimapangitsa kuti Topway Shipping ikhale yoyenera makamaka kwa katundu wamkulu kwambiri?
A: Kuyambira mu 2010, Topway Shipping yakhala ikugwira ntchito yogulitsa katundu wamkulu komanso wolemera kwambiri m'malire a dzikolo, yokhala ndi mphamvu yogulitsa katundu m'modzi mpaka matani 8 ndi mamita 8. Gulu lawo limadziwa bwino za chuma cha magulu a zinthu zomwe amachita, lili ndi chilolezo cha msonkho m'maiko 25 a EU ndipo limapereka chithandizo chathunthu kuyambira kunyamula katundu m'fakitale ku China mpaka kutumizidwa komaliza. Zambiri pa www.topwayshipping.com
