Izingxenye Zezimoto Zikagesi Ezivela eShayina Ziya e-US: Ugibe Lwentela Oluyi-100%
Umthengisi wezimpahla owathenga amamojula ebhethri le-lithium eShenzhen ekuqaleni kuka-2024 wayekhokha intela evamile kanye nenkokhelo yesigaba 301 engu-7.5%. Zama imithwalo efanayo namuhla futhi intela emigqeni eminingana yebhethri isiphindwe kathathu kuyilapho izimoto zikagesi ezigcwele ezivela eShayina zinentela enkulu engu-100%. “Esikhundleni somugqa wezindleko obikezelwayo, isheduli yentela isibe yisithiyo kunoma ubani othumela izingxenye ze-EV, ama-subassemblies noma amaphakethe agcwele e-United States. Le ndatshana izokhuluma ngokuthi isibalo esingu-100% sisebenza kuphi, ukuthi asisebenzi kuphi, ukuthi silingana kanjani nezinye izindlela zentela nokuthi isu lokungenisa elisebenzayo libukeka kanjani engxenyeni yesibili ka-2026.
Inguqulo elula: cishe azikho izingxenye ze-EV ezikhokha amaphesenti ayi-100. Lelo nani lingelazimoto zikagesi eziqediwe futhi, empeleni, lezimoto ezenziwe eShayina kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibheji lini elisesihlalweni. Izingxenye eziningi - amabhethri, omaginethi, ama-motor, ama-wire harnesses, ama-electronics - zisesitebhisini esihlukile samanani kusukela kumaphesenti angama-25 kuya kwangu-50, zibekwe phezu kwentela evamile futhi kwezinye izimo ngaphezu kwentela eyengeziwe yezwe esungulwe kulo nyaka. Umehluko phakathi kwezindleko zokufika ongazihlela, kanye nezindleko zokufika ezidlula i-margin yakho uma zifika, ukwazi ukuthi umkhiqizo wakho uhlala kuliphi ishelufu, nokuthi kungani.
Lapho I-Tariff Engu-100 Isebenza Khona Ngempela
Izinga elingamaphesenti ayi-100 libuyela emuva ekubuyekezweni komthetho kweminyaka emine kweHhovisi Lommeli Wezohwebo wase-United States kohlu lokuqala lwentela yeSigaba 301, olwaphela ngoSepthemba 2024. Lokho kuhlaziya kukhombe ezindaweni eziningana lapho ukunyuka okukhulu kwezimoto kubaluleke khona ngokwecebo, izimoto zikagesi zihola phambili, zikhuphuka zisuka ku-25% ziye ku-100% kusukela mhla zingama-27 kuSepthemba 2024. Umgomo oshiwoyo wawuqondile: ukwenza ukungeniswa okuqondile kwama-EV akhiwe eShayina kungabi namandla emakethe yaseMelika, kuvikela isisekelo sokukhiqiza ama-EV endawo esisesencane ezimotweni ezinenani eliphansi kakhulu kunalokho abakhiqizi base-US noma abambisene nabo abangakufanisa.
Isihluthulelo ukuthi izinga lamaphesenti ayi-100 lisekelwe ekutheni imoto yakhiwe kuphi, hhayi uhlobo lwayo olufakwe esivalweni se-trunk. Intengo isekelwe ezweni lapho ivela khona kanye nemingcele yokuqukethwe kwendawo, hhayi ubunikazi bezinkampani. Ngakho-ke imoto eyenziwe eShayina ngumkhiqizi ongeyena owaseShayina emhlabeni wonke ikhokhiswa intela efanayo yamaphesenti ayi-100 njenge-BYD noma i-Nio. Lokhu kakade kuphoqa okungenani inkampani eyodwa yaseYurophu eyenza izimoto eShayina ukuze zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe ukuze ihlole kabusha ukuthi yiziphi izimakethe lezo zimoto ezakhiwe eShayina ezithunyelwa kuzo. I-US ivinjelwe cishe yibo ngalesi silinganiso.
Izinga elingamaphesenti ayi-100 alihlanganisi ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo yonke yezingxenye, izingxenye kanye nezinhlelo ezingaphansi eziya ekudaleni i-EV kwenye indawo. Iphakethe lebhethri, injini yokushayela noma amaphaneli omzimba anikezwa ngokwawo avela eShayina futhi ahlanganiswe emotweni e-US, eMexico noma kwenye indawo eNyakatho Melika ahlolwa ngokwezigaba zawo zentela futhi awahlanganiswanga esilinganisweni semoto esiqediwe. Yilapho iningi lokungaqiniseki - kanye namaphutha amaningi abizayo - kwenzeka khona empeleni.
Iledi Langempela Lentela Yezingxenye Ze-EV
Izingxenye ze-EV ezivela eShayina zingaphansi kohlu lwemikhiqizo eminingi ehlukene yeSigaba 301, ngayinye ngesilinganiso esihlukile, kanye nesethi yokwenyuka okuqondene nomkhakha okwenziwa ngezigaba phakathi kuka-2024 noJanuwari 2026. Ithebula elingezansi lifingqa amanani abaluleke kakhulu kumaketanga okuhlinzeka nge-EV kusukela maphakathi no-2026. Lezi zinombolo zimele amanani eSigaba 301 kuphela; zibekwe phezu kwesilinganiso sentela ye-Most Favoured Nation esiyisisekelo sekhodi ye-HTS ngayinye, futhi ezimweni eziningi ngaphezu kwesinye isamba semali esengeziwe ezingeni lezwe.
| Isigaba sezingxenye | Izinga lesigaba 301 | Idethi yokuqala | amanothi |
| Izimoto zikagesi eziphelele | 100% | Septhemba 27, 2024 | Kusebenza ngokwezwe lokukhiqiza, hhayi ngohlobo lomkhiqizo |
| Amaphakethe namaseli ebhethri e-lithium-ion e-EV | 25% | Aug 1, 2024 | Kukhuphuke kusuka ku-7.5% ngaphambilini |
| Amabhethri e-lithium-ion angewona awe-EV | 25% | UJan 1, 2026 | Ihlanganisa isitoreji samandla kanye nezinye izinto zamakhemikhali ebhethri |
| I-graphite yemvelo kanye nama-magnet ahlala njalo | 25% | UJan 1, 2026 | Okokufaka kwebhethri eliyinhloko kanye nenjini |
| Amanye amaminerali abalulekile (i-cobalt, i-manganese, izinto ze-tungsten) | 25% | Aug 1, 2024 | Iphakela ukukhiqizwa kwe-cathode kanye ne-magnet |
| Ama-semiconductor kanye nama-electronics kagesi | 50% | UJan 1, 2025 | Ihlanganisa ama-chip amaningi e-EV control-unit |
| Izingxenye ezizenzakalelayo ezijwayelekile (Bhala izinto ezi-3) | 25% | Isilinganiso sefa | Ama-harnesses ezintambo, ama-bracket, izingxenye eziningi ezigxiviziwe |
Izinto ezimbili ziyaphuma kuleli thebula. Okokuqala, inombolo eyinhloko isebenza kuphela ezimotweni eziqediwe, hhayi kuma-semiconductor, lapho iningi labangenisi be-EV lizokhokha khona inkokhelo yezinga lezingxenye ezingama-50%, hhayi amaphesenti ayi-100. Okwesibili, ezinye zezindawo ezithinta kakhulu ukuhamba ngezinyawo, njengakumabhethri angewona ama-EV, i-graphite yemvelo kanye nama-magnet ahlala njalo, zaqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 2026, ngakho-ke abangenisi abaningi abakha amamodeli abo abiza kakhulu ngonyaka odlule basebenzisa idatha esivele iphelelwe yisikhathi.
Kungani Ama-Magnets kanye ne-Graphite Kubalulekile Ngaphezu Kokubukeka Kwazo
Ama-magnet ahlala njalo kanye ne-graphite yemvelo akuvamile ukukhulunywa ngayo engxoxweni mayelana nezindleko, kodwa ayisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-EV ngendlela embalwa kakhulu kwezinye izinto ezifakwayo. Cishe yonke injini kagesi emgwaqweni inama-magnet ahlala njalo angavamile, lapho iShayina ihlinzeka khona ngesabelo esikhulu sokunikezwa okucutshungulwayo emhlabeni. I-graphite yemvelo iyinto eyinhloko ye-anode esetshenziswa ekhemistri yebhethri yesimanje. Nakuba intela yamaphesenti angama-25 kunoma yikuphi okufakwayo ingeyona enkulu njengamaphesenti ayi-100, umthelela wezindleko ezihlanganisiwe kulo lonke umjikelezo wokukhiqiza ungaba mkhulu kunokushaya okukodwa kwamaphesenti ayi-100 ekungenisweni kwezimoto eziqediwe kumthengisi omncane ongenisa impahla, njengoba lezi zinto zithinta yonke iyunithi ekhiqizwe.
Imithetho Yokubeka Izimpahla: Isigaba 301, Isigaba 232, kanye Nenkokhelo Entsha Yezwe
Elinye lamaphutha avame ukwenziwa ngabangenisi ukucabanga ukuthi izinga leSigaba 301 liyindaba ephelele. Akuvamile. Okuqukethwe kwensimbi ne-aluminium ezingxenyeni ze-EV kungabangela izindleko zokuphepha zesizwe zeSigaba 232 ezingamaphesenti angama-25 ezihlukene neSigaba 301, futhi lokhu kokubili kungafakwa ekuthunyelweni okufanayo uma umkhiqizo ufaneleka ngaphansi kweziphathimandla zombili. Izingxenye zensimbi ezigxiviziwe - amabakaki, amaphaneli esakhiwo, izindawo zokuvala amabhethri - ziye zaba sengozini enkulu yalo mphumela wokufaka izinto, ngezigaba eziningana ezishintsha ngempumelelo kusuka esilinganisweni esihlanganisiwe eminyakeni yamashumi amabili ephezulu kuya esilinganisweni esihlanganisiwe esiseduze namaphesenti angama-50 lapho zombili izindlela zisetshenziswa ndawonye.
Uqhekeko olusha noluzimele lwenzeka maphakathi no-2026. Ngomhlaka-24 kuJulayi, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kweSigaba 301 okubandakanya abalingani abaningi bezohwebo kwaholela ekukhokhisweni kwemali eyengeziwe ezweni elithile ukuze kuthathelwe indawo imali eyengeziwe yomhlaba wonke eyayisebenza ngaphansi kwegunya elihlukile lomthetho. Ezintweni ezivela eChina, le mali eyengeziwe ingeziwe - hhayi esikhundleni sentela yamanje yezingxenye ze-EV ne-EV, ngakho-ke izinga langempela langempela lezingxenye ezithile manje seliphakeme kunalokho iSigaba 301% esishicilelwe sodwa esingakubonisa. Lesi silinganiso ngeke siphele ohlelweni olufanayo njengoba ezinye izinyathelo zingase ziphele, ngoba lesi sinyathelo sihamba ohlelweni lwaso lomthetho futhi asixhumene nokuphathwa kwezinkantolo kwentela ebekwe ngaphansi kwamandla ezomnotho aphuthumayo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi yini icala lakamuva elingashintshanga. NgoFebhuwari 2026, iNkantolo Ephakeme yachitha elinye iqoqo lezintela ezibekwe ngaphansi kweziphathimandla zezomnotho eziphuthumayo, hhayi umthetho wezohwebo. Leso siphetho asisebenzi emisebenzini yeSigaba 301, okuhlanganisa izinga lamaphesenti ayi-100 kuma-EV kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lezingxenye okuboniswe ngenhla, ngoba iSigaba 301 sisekelwe esisekelweni esihlukile, esihlala isikhathi eside somthetho. Iningi labangenisi abanethemba lokuthola impumuzo ezingxenyeni ze-EV esinqumweni senkantolo bathole ukuthi asizange.
Isibonelo Sezindleko Zokufika Esifanele Ukusethwa Ngaphambi Koku-oda
Izinombolo ezikushidi lokukhokhisa azisho lutho uze uziqhathanise ne-oda lokuthenga langempela. Ake sithi une-oda lamamojula ebhethri le-lithium ion e-EV elula yezentengiselwano. Zenziwa esitshalweni futhi zithunyelwa kumhlinzeki eShenzhen ngentengo yamadola ayi-100,000 ase-US. Ithebula elingezansi lichaza ukuqoqwa kwezindleko zokufika njengoba kungezwa ungqimba ngalunye olufanelekile.
| Ingxenye yezindleko | ubende | Inani (USD) |
| Inani lefektri (i-FOB) | - | 100,000 |
| Umsebenzi we-MFN oyisisekelo | 3.4% | 3,400 |
| Umsebenzi wesigaba 301 (ibhethri le-EV) | 25% | 25,000 |
| Inhlawulo eyengeziwe yezwe elithile (2026) | 10% | 10,000 |
| Imali Yokucubungula Izimpahla (cishe) | 0.3464%, ivaliwe | 346 |
| Impahla yolwandle, umshwalense, ukuphelelwa yisikhathi (isilinganiso) | - | 4,500 |
| Isamba sezindleko zokufika | - | 143,246 |
Lokho kungukukhuphuka ngamaphesenti angu-43 ngaphezu kwentengo yefektri ngaphambi kokuthi ifike ngisho esangweni lechweba – futhi lesi sibonelo asiyona ngisho imoto esiqediwe, kumane kuyi-subassembly yebhethri. Yenza izibalo ezifanayo ku-EV eqediwe futhi izinga le-Section 301 elingamaphesenti angu-100 lilodwa liphinda kabili intengo yefektri ngaphambi kokuthi wengeze impahla, izimali noma iprimiyamu. Akumangalisi ukuthi ama-EV aseShayina akhiwe ngokugcwele cishe awakho ezindaweni zokuthengisa zase-US.
Umbuzo we-USMCA: I-Loophole, i-Lifeline, noma i-Liability
Ngenxa yokuthi izimoto nezingxenye ezenziwe eNyakatho Melika ngokwemithetho ye-USMCA yokusuka zivame ukuthola ukuphathwa okunenzuzo noma okungekho ntela, abanye abangenisi baye bacabanga ukuhambisa izingxenye zaseShayina eMexico noma eCanada njengendlela yokudlula emananini aqondile aseShayina. Lona umgwaqo oyingozi, akuyona indlela emfushane yobuqili. I-Customs and Border Protection ibheka kakhulu izimangalo zemithetho yokusuka. Ingxenye emane idluliselwe ezweni lesithathu ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okunenjongo ayifanelekeli ukuphathwa kwe-USMCA; ihlala inesibopho njengempahla evela eShayina, kanti izinhlawulo zivame ukubekwa phezulu ngenxa yokudalulwa okungafanele.
Kukhona inguqulo esebenzayo yale ndlela, futhi ibukeka ihluke kakhulu ekuthuthweni. Uma umenzi ehambisa ngempela umkhiqizo onenjongo - ukuhlanganiswa kwebhethri, ukugoqa imoto, ukuhlanganiswa kwezimoto zokugcina - eMexico, futhi angabonisa okuqukethwe kwenani lesifunda okuhambisana nezidingo ze-USMCA, khona-ke athola impumuzo yangempela emkhiqizweni oqediwe. Kodwa amaseli angaphansi avela eShayina, omaginethi noma ama-semiconductor angena kuleso sitshalo saseMexico asabhekene namazinga afanayo eSigaba 301 asendleleni yokungena, ngoba imvelaphi yezinto eziluhlaza kanye nemvelaphi yomkhiqizo oqediwe kuhlolwa ngokuzimela. Ukonga kusesendaweni yokugcina yokuhlangana, hhayi ekufihleni umthombo wezingxenye.
Ukubuyekezwa okuhlanganyelwe kwe-USMCA ngo-2026 kwenezela elinye izinga lokungaqiniseki lapha. Iziphakamiso eziningana ezixoxwa ngazo zizoqinisa ukuhlolisiswa kokuqukethwe kwaseShayina kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuhlobene neShayina ngaphakathi kwe-bloc yaseNyakatho Melika ikakhulukazi ukuze kuqedwe lolu hlobo lwesisombululo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yiliphi isu lokuthola ulwazi elakhiwe eMexico njengendlela yokudlulisela izingxenye ze-EV zaseShayina kufanele liphathwe njengento ehambayo, kunokuba kube yindawo evulekile.
Indlela Abangenisi Abazivumelanisa Ngayo Ngempela Ngo-2026
Kulesi simo samanani ahlanganisiwe futhi ashintshashintshayo, iningi labangenisi bezingxenye ze-EV abanolwazi abazami ukudlula uhlelo lwentela; bahlela kabusha indlela abathenga ngayo, abahlukanisa ngayo kanye nabathutha ngayo. Nazi izitayela ezimbalwa phakathi kwezinhlangano ezikwazile ukugcina izindleko zazo zokufika zingaphazamiseki kulo nyaka:
Eqinisweni, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-HTS okunembile manje kuyinzuzo yangempela yokuncintisana, kunokuba kube yinto ehlelekile ehhovisi. Amamojula amabili ebhethri afanayo angahlukaniswa ngaphansi kwemigqa ehlukene yentela, kuye ngokuthi i-chemistry yeseli, i-voltage, noma ukusetshenziswa kokugcina okuhlosiwe. Amanani asebenzayo angahluka ngamaphesenti ayi-10 noma angama-20. Ukuthola ukuhlukaniswa kahle nokukwazi ukubhala phansi ukuthi kungani kuvame ukuba yigugu kakhulu kunokuthola intengo engcono yefektri.
Imodi yesibili iwukuhlukahluka kwe-node ethile ku-supply chain esebenzisana ne-China. Abanye abangenisi bathola i-grafite noma izinto ze-magnet ezivela e-China kodwa benza ukuhlanganiswa kwamaseli noma ukuqeda i-magnet e-Vietnam, e-Malaysia, noma kwenye indawo, inqobo nje uma ushintsho lubalulekile ngokwanele ukuvumela ushintsho lwangempela lwemvelaphi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kwe-CBP kokuguqulwa okukhulu. Lokhu akuyona indlela yokugwema ngokuphelele amanani entela kokuqukethwe kwe-China, njengoba intela yezinto zokusetshenziswa ingasebenza phezulu, kodwa ingashintsha ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi yengxenye eqediwe, ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu.
Iphethini yesithathu, evamile kakhulu imane nje iwukuhlela kangcono ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kanye nempahla yamasiko: ukuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa ukuze kusabalaliswe izindleko zokususwa okuhleliwe, ukuhlela ama-oda azungeze izinsuku ezaziwayo zokushintsha amanani kunokuba kubanjwe phakathi nokuthunyelwa lapho inani elisha liqala ukusebenza, kanye nokugcina impahla yokugcina impahla eboshiwe noma yaphesheya kwezilwandle ukuze ukudalulwa kwentela kuphathwe ukuze kuhambisane nesidingo sangempela sase-US kunokuba kukhokhwe konke ngesikhathi esisodwa nge-oda elikhulu lokuqagela.
Lapho Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Kufanelana Khona Kulesi Sithombe
Iningi labangenisi alikwazi ukwenza lokho kahle besebenzisa ispredishithi kuphela njengoba bebhekana namanani e-Section 301 ahlanganisiwe, ukunqwabelana kwe-Section 232, inkokhelo entsha yezwe, kanye nombuzo ohlala ukhona wokuthi ngabe ingxenye ethile iyafaneleka yini ngaphansi kwe-USMCA. Lolu uhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokusebenza olwakhelwe umlingani wezokuthutha onolwazi olujulile phakathi kweShayina ne-US.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen futhi isebhizinisini kusukela ngo-2010, ibilokhu isebenza iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi nanhlanu ekususweni kwezimpahla phakathi kweChina ne-US, okuyiyona ndlela lapho lezi zindleko zezingxenye ze-EV zilimaza khona kakhulu. Ithimba elisungule le nkampani lakha isizinda salo emsebenzini wezokuthutha wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nomsebenzi wezokuthutha ngaphambi kwendawo yamanje yezindleko futhi lokho kujula kubonakala endleleni isevisi ehlelwe ngayo namuhla: ukuthutha kokuqala okuvela emaqenjini efektri aseShayina, izindawo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya kohlangothi lwase-US, ukuphathwa kokususwa kwezimpahla zamasiko okucabangela izindlela zomsebenzi ezichazwe ngenhla kanye nokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina emnyango womthengi noma endaweni yokusabalalisa.
I-Topway Shipping iphinde inikeze izinketho zokuthutha olwandle eziguquguqukayo ezithwala umthwalo ogcwele kanye nomthwalo ongaphansi kwesitsha kusuka eShayina kuya emachwebeni amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele kubathumeli abathutha amabhethri e-EV, omaginethi, ama-motor noma ama-subassemblies kagesi, okubalulekile lapho ubukhulu be-oda bushintshashintsha ngokushintsha kwesidingo okuqhutshwa yintela. Ukuba nezindawo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya kwezilwandle, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini lwase-US, kuvumela abathumeli ukuba bathole isitoko ezweni ngaphambi kokushintsha kwentengo okuhleliwe, bese besinika emakethe yasekhaya ngesivinini sabo, kunokuba bakhathazeke nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi osebenzayo ngosuku oluqondile lapho isitsha sikhipha khona amasiko.
Abathengi abancane nabaphakathi bavame ukucabanga ukuthi lolu hlobo lwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha lungolwezinkampani ezithumela amakhonteyina amaningi ngenyanga, kodwa iphethini evamile iseduze nokuphambene nalokho: isevisi yomthwalo omncane kunesitsha (i-LCL) ivumela umngenisi omncane ukuthi ahlole umthombo omusha wezingxenye, noma alethe ukuhlolwa komklamo webhethri obuyekeziwe, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugcwalisa isitsha esigcwele ukuze nje athole amazinga okuncintisana okuthutha. Lokho kuguquguquka, kuhlanganiswe nokuvunyelwa kwentela yithimba elivele liqapha ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso seSigaba 301 kanye neSigaba 232 njalo, kususa umthombo omkhulu wokuqagela okuholela ezimpini zokuhlelwa kabusha okubizayo endleleni.
Imikhuba Yokubhala Enciphisa Ingozi Yokuhlola
Ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sentela uqobo, inani lamadola lokungeniswa okuhlobene ne-EV likhulu ngokwanele ukudonsela ukunaka kwe-US Customs and Border Protection, okukhulise ukuhlolwa kwayo kokuthunyelwa okunjalo. Abangenisi abagweme ukulungiswa okubizayo ngemuva kokungena bavame ukuba nemikhuba embalwa efanayo. Bagcina irekhodi lezinga le-binder le-bill yezinto zokwakha zengxenye ngayinye, okwanele ukukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-HTS kukhethwe ngamabomu, akukopishwanga kumkhiqizo ofanayo. Bagcina izitifiketi zomhlinzeki zemvelaphi futhi, lapho kufanele khona, izincazelo zenqubo yokukhiqiza ezisekela noma yisiphi isimangalo soshintsho olukhulu. Futhi benza ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi okuvamile beqhathanisa ukuhlukaniswa okumenyezelwe ngezaziso zamanje ze-Federal Register, kunokuthembela ekuhlukanisweni okukhethwe kanye futhi okungakaze kubuyekezwe.
Lokhu kufaneleke kakhulu ezingxenyeni ze-EV kunezinye izigaba eziningi zomkhiqizo ngoba ithebula lentengo eliyisisekelo lishintshe kaningi efasiteleni elincane kangaka. Ukuhlukaniswa okwakulungile futhi okuhambisana ngokuphelele ngo-2024 kungase kube ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esihluke ngokuphelele futhi i-CBP ngeke yamukele ukuthi "sakuhlukanisa ngaleyo ndlela ngonyaka odlule" njengesivikelo ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kwangemva kokungena. Isinyathelo esishibhile umthengisi angasithatha ukuze anciphise ubungozi ukwenza umkhuba wokuhlola ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpahla ngokuhambisana nesaziso samanje ngaphambi kwe-oda ngalinye lokuthenga elisha, kunokuba nje lapho ukuthunyelwa kuhlatshwe umkhosi.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Olusebenzayo Ngaphambi Kokufaka I-oda Lakho Elilandelayo
Ngaphambi kokuvuma i-oda lokuthenga izingxenye ze-EV zaseShayina, kufanelekile ukuma emibuzweni embalwa enquma izindleko zangempela, hhayi intengo enikeziwe yomkhiqizi. Iyini i-HTS classification eqondile futhi ingabe iqinisekisiwe ngokumelene nohlu lwamanje lweSigaba 301 hhayi ishidi lokubhekisela langaphakathi elingasebenzi? Ingabe izimpahla ziqukethe insimbi noma i-aluminium engabangela intela eyengeziwe yeSigaba 232 ngaphezu kweSigaba 301? Ingabe ukuthunyelwa kubalulekile ngokwanele ukuthi isikhathi esiseduze nosuku lokushintsha kwentengo olwaziwayo, njengoJanuwari 1, noma ushintsho lwenkokhelo eyengeziwe phakathi nonyaka, luzothinta kakhulu izindleko zokufika? Futhi uma noma iyiphi ingxenye yochungechunge lokunikezela idlula ezweni lesithathu, ingabe kukhona ushintsho lwangempela, olubhalwe phansi oluqhubekayo, noma ingabe ukuvezwa okulindele ukutholakala ekuhlolweni kwamasiko?
Akukho neyodwa yale mibuzo enesixazululo esingaguquki ngo-2026. Amanani abekwe ezinyangeni ezingu-18 ezedlule asevele ashintshiwe kabili, futhi isibuyekezo se-USMCA kulo nyaka singashintsha inketho yomzila eNyakatho Melika ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuphatha samanje. Iphutha elikhulu kakhulu umuntu ongenisa izingxenye ze-EV angayenza ngalesi sikhathi ukucabanga ukuthi ishidi lamanani onalo namuhla lisazoba neqiniso kwikota ezayo lapho wakha uhlelo lokuthola imali.
Isiphetho
Isihloko esithi “intela yamaphesenti ayi-100” siyiqiniso, kodwa sisengxenyeni encane yokuhweba kunalokho iningi labangenisi elikucabangayo: izimoto zikagesi eziphelele ezenziwe eShayina. Izingxenye ezihamba ngempela ezinchungechungeni eziningi zokuphakelwa—amabhethri, omaginethi, i-graphite, ama-semiconductor, ucingo kanye nezingxenye ezigxiviziwe—zihleli esitebhisini esihlukile, amaphesenti angama-25 kuya kwangu-50 ngaphansi kweSigaba 301, ngaphambi kokuba iSigaba 232 siguqulwe futhi kubekwe iprimiyamu entsha yezwe elithile. Isimo sentela, esibukeka sibhekwa njengesibalo esisodwa esilinganayo, sibonakala sibi kakhulu. Sihlukanise ngomugqa we-HTS, usuku lokusebenza kanye nomthetho wokubeka izinto ndawonye futhi kuyinto umngenisi angayihlela ngempela, intengo ibe yibhidi futhi ayilawule ngezinqumo zesikhathi kanye nomzila. Ukuthola lokho kuhlukaniswa kahle – nokuyigcina isesikhathini njengoba amanani eqhubeka nokushintshashintsha kuze kube ngu-2026 – umehluko phakathi kogibe lwentela kanye nezindleko ezifanele zokwenza ibhizinisi. Futhi uhlobo lomsebenzi umlingani wezokuthutha okhethekile waseShayina-US njengeTopway Shipping akhelwe ukusiza ngawo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q: Ingabe zonke izingxenye ze-EV ezenziwe eShayina zibhekene nentela yamaphesenti ayi-100?
A: Cha. Izinga elingamaphesenti ayi-100 lentela yeSigaba 301 lisebenza ezimotweni zikagesi ezigcwele ezenziwe eShayina. Izingxenye ngazinye, njengamabhethri, omaginethi, amamotha kanye nama-semiconductor, zikhokhiswa intela ngaphansi kwezigaba ezahlukahlukene, ngokuvamile ebangeni elingamaphesenti angama-25-50.
Q: Ingabe ukuhambisa izingxenye eMexico kungagwema intela yaseShayina?
A: Ukudluliselwa okulula okungafaki ukukhiqizwa okunenjongo akufanelekile ukuba nesimo se-USMCA futhi kuzocutshungulwa ngamasiko njengezimpahla ezivela eShayina. Umkhiqizo oqediwe ungase ufanelekele ukuphathwa okukhethekile uma kwenzeka ukuhlanganiswa kwangempela noma ukuguqulwa eMexico, kodwa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela eShayina ezisetshenziswayo zihlala zikhokhiswa ngokuzimela.
Q: Ingabe isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme mayelana namanani entengo sinciphise intela yezingxenye ze-EV?
A: Cha. NgoFebhuwari 2026, isinqumo saqeda intela ebekwe ngaphansi kwamandla ezomnotho aphuthumayo. Leso sinqumo asizange sithinte intela yeSigaba 301, okuhlanganisa naleyo etholakala kuma-EV kanye nezingxenye ze-EV, ezisekelwe egunyeni elihlukile lomthetho wezohwebo.
U: Ngingazinciphisa kanjani izindleko zami zokufika ezingxenyeni ze-EV zaseShayina?
A: Namuhla, izindlela ezithembeke kakhulu kubangenisi yizigaba ze-HTS ezinembile, isikhathi esiqaphile mayelana nezinguquko zesilinganiso ezihleliwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwesigaba 232 kuyasebenza, kanye nokusebenzelana nomlingani onolwazi lwezentela nempahla efana ne-Topway Shipping.
