Ugibe Olufihliwe lwe-VAT engu-18% Uma Ungenisa Usuka eShayina Uya eTurkey (Nendlela Yokuhlela Imali)
Isingeniso
Iningi labangenisi bezimpahla abavela eShayina baya eTurkey benza izibalo zabo ngentengo ye-invoyisi yomhlinzeki, mhlawumbe bangeze isilinganiso sempahla bese beyibiza ngosuku olulodwa. Bese kuba ne-customs bill - futhi ayifani nalokho ababekucabanga.
Imbangela cishe iyafana njalo. I-VAT, noma i-KDV njengoba ibizwa kanjalo eTurkey, ayisetshenziswa enanini le-invoyisi kuphela. Isetshenziswa ngaphezu kwentela kanye nemali ebekwe ngaphambi kwayo, kanye nenani lentela. Ezimpahleni eziningi, lelo zinga elizenzakalelayo lingu-20%. Kodwa indlela iTurkey ebeka ngayo intela ohlelweni lwayo lwentela yokungenisa - intela yentela eyisisekelo, intela eyengeziwe yentela (İGV) eqondisa ngqo izimpahla ezivela eShayina, bese kuba yi-VAT ebalwa esisekelweni esihlanganisiwe esikhuphukile - umthwalo we-VAT osebenzayo owuzwayo njengomngenisi ungabukeka njengo-18% noma ngaphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zomkhiqizo wakho wokuqala.
Lesi sifundo sichaza zonke izingqimba zesistimu yentela yokungenisa impahla yaseTurkey, sikufundise ukuthi unganquma kanjani izindleko zakho zangempela usebenzisa izibonelo ezisetshenzisiwe futhi sichaza ukuthi ungagwema kanjani amaphutha ajwayelekile esabelomali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu oqala ukungenisa impahla noma umphathi wokuthenga onolwazi, udinga ukuqonda lolu hlelo uma ufuna imali yakho iqhubeke nohambo oluvela eShenzhen oluya e-Istanbul.
Kungani i-VAT yaseTurkey ishaya kakhulu kunalokho okushiwo yiNhloko Yezintengo
Izinga le-VAT elijwayelekile laseTurkey lingu-20% futhi liyisibalo esaziwayo. “Okumangaza abangenisi ukuthi lelo phesenti elingu-20 lisetshenziswa kuphi. I-VAT yaseTurkey ekungenisweni kwempahla ayibalwa enteleni eyisisekelo enanini lemikhiqizo kodwa enanini lentela elihlanganisiwe. Lokhu kusho inani le-CIF lezimpahla (Izindleko + Umshuwalense + Ukuthutha) kanye nentela yamasiko kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izindleko noma ama-invoice asevele esetshenzisiwe. Isisekelo sentela sesivele senyuswe yikho konke okufike ngaphambi kokuba i-VAT ibalwe.
Isibonelo, izimpahla ezinenani elingu-$10,000 CIF, kanye nentela yempahla ethengiswayo engu-10% ($1,000), kanye neNtela Yempahla Eyengeziwe engu-15% ($1,500) ngenxa yemikhiqizo evela eShayina, izoba nesisekelo sentela ye-VAT hhayi engu-$10,000, kodwa engu-$12,500. I-VAT engu-20% ku-$12,500 ilingana no-$2,500, hhayi u-$2,000. Leyo $500 iyizindleko ezifihliwe amaspredishithi amaningi esabelomali angazibambi.
Phindaphinda lokho ngomthwalo ogcwele wesikhonteyina bese igebe lokuxhaswa liphenduka inkinga enkulu yokugeleza kwemali. Lo mphumela oyinkimbinkimbi yingakho ukuthunyelwa okuvamile okuvela eShayina kungabonakala njengomthwalo we-VAT ongu-18% noma ngaphezulu enanini le-invoyisi, yize izinga eliphansi lingu-20%.
I-Full Tax Stack: Yonke Ingqimba Okudingeka Uyazi
ITurkey ayikhokhisi noma iyiphi intela yokungenisa. Iqoqana kaningana, ngayinye phezu kweyokugcina. Udinga ukuqonda ukwakheka okuphelele ngaphambi kokuthi ukwazi ukwenza isabelomali ngempumelelo.
| Uhlobo Lwentela | ubende | Base | Okhokhayo |
| ICustoms duty (Gümrük Vergisi) | 0–20% (iyahluka ngekhodi ye-HS) | Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-CIF | Ngenisa |
| Intela Yentela Eyengeziwe (İGV) | 10–30% (yezimpahla zaseShayina) | Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-CIF | Ngenisa |
| I-Anti-Dumping Duty | Iyahlukahluka ngomkhiqizo | Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-CIF | Ngenisa |
| I-VAT (KDV) | 20% (okujwayelekile) | I-CIF + Yonke Imisebenzi | Umthumeli (ungabuyiselwa uma ubhaliswe nge-VAT) |
| Intela Yokusetshenziswa Okukhethekile (ÖTV) | Kuyahlukahluka (izimoto, izinto zikagesi, utshwala) | Imisebenzi ye-CIF + | Ngenisa |
| I-RUSF (uma kungeyona imali ekhokhwayo) | ~ 3% | Inani le-invoyisi | Ngenisa |
Imithombo: Izifinyezo Zentela zaseTurkey ze-PwC (Mashi 2026), uMnyango Wezohwebo waseTurkey, umhlahlandlela wokungenisa we-luposimport.com 2026
ICustoms duty (Gümrük Vergisi)
Lena intela eyisisekelo yokungenisa umkhiqizo, ngokusekelwe kukhodi ye-GTIP yomkhiqizo, inombolo yezinombolo ezingu-12 yaseTurkey yokwahlukaniswa kwentela okuvumelanisiwe. Yonke imikhiqizo engena eTurkey kudingeka inikezwe ikhodi ye-GTIP, futhi kunezijeziso ezinzima zokwabiwa okungalungile. Emikhiqizweni evela eShayina (esesigabeni "samanye amazwe" ngaphandle kwendawo ye-EU/FTA), intela eyisisekelo yemikhiqizo evamile ivame ukuba phakathi kuka-0%-20%, lapho izinto zikagesi zivame ukuya ezingeni eliphansi kanye nezindwangu noma eminye imikhiqizo yabathengi isezingeni eliphezulu.
Intela Yentela Eyengeziwe (İGV / EGV)
Lapha yilapho izimpahla ezivela eShayina zibhekana khona nongqimba lapho izimpahla ezivela e-EU zivame ukuphunyuka khona. ITurkey yethule intela eyengeziwe, evikelayo yamasiko ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokungeniswa kweShayina, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni efana nefenisha, ipulasitiki, izindwangu, izingxenye zemishini kanye nezinto zikagesi zasekhaya. ITurkey iye yandisa kancane kancane lezi ntela ngomzamo wokuvikela abakhiqizi basekhaya. Ngamazwi asebenzayo, i-İGV ingafinyelela amanye amaphuzu angu-10 kuya kwangu-30 ngaphezu kwentela eyisisekelo, kuye ngezimpahla - futhi isetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba i-VAT ibalwe.
Imisebenzi Yokulwa Nokulahla
ITurkey inezinyathelo zokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma ezisebenzayo ezisekelweni zensimbi, imikhiqizo ye-aluminium, amathayili e-ceramic, i-polyethylene, ezinye izindwangu zendwangu kanye namakhemikhali ahlukene (phakathi kwabanye) ngokumelene nokuthunyelwa kwempahla eShayina ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2026. Le misebenzi iqondene nomkhiqizo, futhi ingaba yinto ebalulekile. Ngaphambi kokungenisa noma iyiphi into, kuyimpoqo ukuqinisekisa i-Official Gazette kanye nohlelo lokuqapha loMnyango Wezohwebo lwekhodi yakho ethile ye-GTIP — hhayi ngokuzithandela.
I-VAT (KDV)
ITurkey inamazinga amathathu e-VAT: 1%, 10% kanye no-20%. Iningi lezimpahla ezingeniswayo ezivela eShayina lizokhokhiswa intela evamile engu-20%. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyisisekelo, ezinye izindwangu kanye nezincwadi kukhokhiswa intela ngesilinganiso esincishisiwe esingu-10%. Ububanzi besilinganiso esincishisiwe kakhulu esingu-1% bulinganiselwe. Ngokwethiyori, amabhizinisi abhalisiwe angabuyisa i-VAT yokungenisa njenge-VAT yokufaka uma kuqhathaniswa ne-VAT ephumayo, kodwa kulabo abangabhalisiwe nge-VAT kuyindleko eqondile nengenakubuyiselwa.
Intela Yokusetshenziswa Okukhethekile (ÖTV)
Ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye ezimotweni, ezinye izinto zikagesi, utshwala, ugwayi kanye neminye imikhiqizo yobukhazikhazi i-ÖTV yengezwe. Umthwalo wentela usuhlelwe kabusha ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezivela eShayina. Ngasekupheleni kuka-2025, kunentela eyengeziwe engu-25% (ubuncane $6,000) ezimotweni ezivamile nezixubile, u-30% (ubuncane $7,000-$8,500) ezimotweni ezixubile nama-EV axhunyiwe. Lokhu kuthatha indawo yentela eyengeziwe yangaphambili yezwe kodwa kudala isithiyo esibaluleke ngokulinganayo.
I-RUSF (Isikhwama Sokusekela Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinsiza)
Le ntela ivame ukulibaleka futhi isebenza ezintengiselwano zokungenisa ezingakhokhelwanga ngemali, njengalezo ezihilela izincwadi zesikweletu noma izimo zokukhokha ezihlehlisiwe. Inhlawulo engu-3% isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokungenisa. Uma unemigomo yokukhokha ethatha izinsuku ezingu-90, enye into okufanele uyihlelele isabelomali yi-RUSF.
Ukubalwa Kwangempela: Lokho Okubizayo Ngezimpahla ZaseShayina Ezingu-$10,000 Empeleni
Imibono iyinto eyodwa. Ake sihlole isibonelo esithile sesigaba somkhiqizo osezingeni eliphakathi, ake sithi, ifenisha yasekhaya engeniswe eSifundazweni saseGuangdong enenani le-CIF elingu-$10,000.
| I-Cost Component | Isilinganiso Esisetshenzisiwe | Isisekelo sokubala | Inani (USD) |
| Inani le-CIF (Izimpahla + Izimpahla + Nomshwalense) | - | - | $10,000 |
| Customs Duty | 10% | $10,000 | $1,000 |
| Intela Yentela Eyengeziwe (İGV) | 15% | $10,000 | $1,500 |
| Isamba esingaphansi ngaphambi kwe-VAT | - | - | $12,500 |
| I-VAT / KDV | 20% | $12,500 | $2,500 |
| Umthwalo Wentela Ophelele | - | - | $5,000 (50% ye-CIF) |
| Isamba Sezindleko Zokutholwa | - | - | $15,000 |
Isibonelo sithatha inkokhelo yamasiko engu-10%, i-İGV engu-15% kanye ne-VAT engu-20%. Amanani angempela ancike kukhodi ye-GTIP eqondile kanye nesigaba somkhiqizo. Lesi sibonelo asifaki izimali ze-RUSF, ÖTV noma zokucubungula amasiko/zomthengisi.
Izindleko eziphelele zokungenisa impahla zingama-$15,000 emikhiqizweni engu-$10,000 – inzuzo engu-50%. Futhi kuleyo ntela engu-$5,000, ama-$2,500 (25% yenani lokuqala le-CIF) yi-VAT. Lesi yisibalo esiyisisekelo abantu abaningi abangenisa impahla okokuqala abasinaki.
Uma imodeli yakho yamanani yakhiwe ngenani eliphelele elingu-30% entengo yomkhiqizo engu-$10,000, inani langempela lentengo etholwe ngu-$15,000 manje selicishe libe ngu-20% - futhi lokho kungaphambi kokufaka izindleko zokuthengisa zokungenisa zaseTurkey, ezokuthutha zangaphakathi nezwe, kugcinwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwekhaya.
Amanani e-VAT Ngesigaba Somkhiqizo: Yazi Ngaphambi Kokuthumela
Akuzona zonke izigaba ezikhokhiswa i-VAT ephelele engu-20%. Ukuqonda izinga lomkhiqizo wakho kungaba yinto eshintsha indlela obiza ngayo imodeli.
| Isigaba somkhiqizo | I-VAT Rate | amanothi |
| Iningi lezimpahla zezimboni, izinto zikagesi, ifenisha | 20% | Izinga elijwayelekile — lisebenza eningini lezimpahla ezingeniswa eShayina |
| Ukudla okuyisisekelo, izindwangu, izincwadi | 10% | Isilinganiso esincishisiwe — umngenisi kumele aqinisekise ukufaneleka |
| Khetha imikhiqizo yezolimo, izinto zokusetshenziswa | 1% | Isigaba esincane kakhulu — esinciphile, qinisekisa ikhodi ye-HS |
| Izimpahla ezithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe | 0% | Akukho VAT; abathumeli bangaphandle bangabuyisa i-VAT engenayo |
Umthombo: Izifinyezo Zentela Yenkampani ye-PwC Turkey (Mashi 2026), globalvatcompliance.com
Kwabangenisi bezimpahla zendwangu noma ukudla okuyisisekelo okufanelekile, izinga lamaphesenti ayi-10 lingaba isaphulelo esikhulu esilinganisweni esivamile. Nokho, izindinganiso zokufaneleka ziqinile futhi zisekelwe ekuhlukanisweni. Uma uzama ukufuna izinga elincishisiwe ezintweni ezingafaneleki izinga elincishisiwe, lokhu kubhekwa njengokungafinyeleli esinqumweni futhi kuhilela izinhlawulo zentela.
Amanani Entela Ajwayelekile Ngesigaba Somkhiqizo esivela eShayina
Ithebula elingezansi liqokomisa lokho abathumeli abathenga eShayina okufanele bakulindele ngokuvamile kuzo zonke izigaba ezivamile. Lezi yi-INDICATIVE RANGES – ukuthunyelwa ngakunye kumele kuhlolwe kuqhathaniswa nenombolo ye-GTIP ehlukile.
| Isigaba somkhiqizo | Customs Duty | I-İGV evamile | Qaphela |
| Ama-electronics abathengi | I-0-5% | I-0-10% | Imisebenzi engaba khona yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma |
| Izindwangu nezingubo | I-8-12% | I-10-20% | Izilawuli zobuchwepheshe ze-TAREKS |
| Ifenisha nemikhiqizo yokhuni | I-0-5% | I-10-30% | Ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwe-İGV |
| Amathoyizi nezimpahla zezemidlalo | I-0-5% | I-5-15% | Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuphepha |
| Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki nepulasitiki | I-4-6.5% | I-10-20% | Ingozi yokulwa nokulahla |
| Imishini nemishini | I-0-3.5% | I-0-5% | Ngokuvamile kuwusizo embonini |
| Imikhiqizo yensimbi ne-aluminium | I-0-15% | eliguqukayo | Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma ngo-2026 |
| Izimoto (uphethiloli/i-hybrid) | 10% + 25% eyengeziwe | - | I-ÖTV phezulu; umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu ophelele |
Imithombo: luposimport.com Umhlahlandlela wokungenisa ka-2026, celikelcpa.com, Isheduli yentela yoMnyango Wezohwebo waseTurkey Zonke izibalo ziyizinkomba kuphela. Ukuze uthole ukungenisa njalo hlola amanani athile ekhodi ye-GTIP.
Ukuqina Kwe-E-Commerce: Okwashintsha Ngo-2024–2026
Uma ubusebenzisa isu lokuhweba nge-inthanethi eliwela imingcele, uthumela imikhiqizo emincane ngqo evela kubaphakeli baseShayina kubathengi baseTurkey, isimo sokulawula sishintshe kakhulu. Ngo-Agasti 2024, izinga lokukhululwa ekungenisweni komuntu siqu lehlisiwe kusuka ku-€150 laya ku-€30, futhi kamuva labuyekezwa laba yi-€27 (kufaka phakathi ukulethwa) ngasekupheleni kuka-2024. Iningi lamamodeli ebhizinisi okuthunyelwa kwempahla emincane manje alikwazi ukusebenza kahle ngokwezomnotho, ngoba intela yamasiko engu-60% manje isetshenziswa ekuthunyelweni okungaphezu kwe-€27 okuvela emazweni angewona awe-EU kufaka phakathi i-China.
Indlela elula yokuthumela impahla engenayo yezentengiselwano ngenani eliphansi incishisiwe kakhulu. Manje, inqubo yentela iyadingeka ekuthunyelweni okuphakathi kuka-€30 no-€1,500. Isenzo seTurkey sibonakalisa indlela ye-EU - leli qembu lizosusa ngokuphelele ukukhululwa kwe-VAT engaphansi kuka-€150 kwezentengiselwano ze-inthanethi ngo-2026 - futhi libonisa ukuphela kokuthunyelwa okuqondile okuvela eShayina okungabizi kakhulu, okukhokhiswa intela kancane emakethe yaseTurkey.
Uhlelo lwe-TAREKS (Uhlelo Lokulawula Ukuhweba Olusekelwe Engozini lwaseTurkey) lunezela ungqimba olwengeziwe lwezinkinga. Ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni yabathengi enamakhemikhali kuyo - amathoyizi, izicathulo, izimpahla zesikhumba, izindwangu. Abangenisi kudingeka bafake isicelo kusengaphambili ukuze bathole isitifiketi sokuhambisana nalezi zigaba futhi ukuhlolwa kweqembu ngokuhlolwa kwelebhu kuyatholakala. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga kahle, uzobanjwa emasimini futhi kuzodingeka ukhokhe imali yokugcina impahla.
Indlela Yokwenza Isabelomali Ngokunembile: Uhlaka Olusebenzayo
Ubunzima budinga imodeli eqinile yezindleko zokungenisa ngaphambi kokungenisa. Lena inqubo ezokusiza ugweme izingibe ezivame kakhulu.
Isinyathelo 1: Thola Ikhodi Efanele ye-GTIP Ngaphambi Koku-oda
Ikhodi ye-GTIP ichaza izinga lakho lentela yamasiko, ukuvezwa kwakho kwe-İGV, izinga lakho le-VAT kanye nezidingo zakho zokuthobela imithetho. Ungathembi ikhodi ye-HS yomhlinzeki. Amakhodi okuthumela kwamanye amazwe aseShayina kanye namakhodi okungenisa aseTurkey awahlali ehambisana, futhi amasiko aseTurkey azosebenzisa ikhodi anomuzwa wokuthi ifanele. Qinisekisa ikhodi yakho ngaphambi kokuthumela i-oda lokuthenga ngokusebenzisana nomthengisi wamasiko waseTurkey onelayisensi (gümrük müşaviri).
Isinyathelo 2: Yakha Izindleko Zakho Zokufika ku-CIF, Hhayi ku-EXW
Abathumeli abaningi bathenga i-EXW (Ex Works) kubaphakeli baseShayina futhi bahlulela kabi izindleko zempahla kanye nomshwalense. Zonke izibalo zempahla zenziwa ngesisekelo se-CIF. Uma inkokhelo yakho yempahla iphakeme kakhulu, isisekelo sakho sempahla kanye nentela ngayinye elandelayo nayo iphansi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuthi ubeke isabelomali sakho, thola intengo enhle yempahla, okuhlanganisa nomshwalense.
Isinyathelo 3: Beka Zonke Izingqimba Ngokulandelana
Imithwalo yemfanelo yethimba ihlanganisa yonke imisebenzi. Zilandelelanise: bala intela yentela ku-CIF, bese ubala i-İGV ku-CIF, bese ufaka i-CIF + yonke imisebenzi ukuze ufinyelele isisekelo se-VAT, bese usebenzisa i-VAT. Bala i-ÖTV uma ikhona esisekelweni esifanele ngaphambi kwe-VAT. Yilapho iningi lamamodeli e-Excel liphambuka khona.
Isinyathelo 4: Bala Izindleko Ezingezona Ezentela
ETurkey, i-custom brokerage Izindleko zokungeniswa kwebhizinisi zingasukela ku-41 TL kuya ku-12,000 TL ngokusekelwe enkingeni yokuthengiselana. Izimpahla ezigcinwe emasimini zibiza izindleko zokugcina (ardiye), eziqala ku-270 TL ngosuku ngezimpahla ezifika ku-10kg ngo-2025, kanye nesilinganiso esishelelayo sempahla emikhulu. Ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana ne-TAREKS kuyindleko eyengeziwe yemikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu noma enqunyelwe ngokobuchwepheshe. Akukho neyodwa yalezi ezifakiwe ekubalweni kwentela, kodwa konke kuthinta izindleko zakho ezifike endaweni.
Isinyathelo 5: Qinisekisa Isimo Sokulwa Nokulahla Inkunkuma kanye Nesimo Se-İGV Njalo Ngekota
Izintela ezengeziwe zaseTurkey kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa nokulahla izimpahla zishintshiwe. Lokho okwakungaba yisigaba esivulekile lapho usetha uchungechunge lwakho lokuhlinzeka ngempahla kungenzeka ukuthi kwadonsela isinyathelo esisha sokuvikela ngesikhathi izimpahla zithunyelwa. Kwenze kube yingxenye evamile yokuhlela kwakho ukungenisa impahla ukuze ubuyekeze izizindalwazi ze-Official Gazette kanye ne-Ministry of Trade, hhayi umzamo owodwa.
Ukusebenza Nomlingani Ofanele Wezokuthutha: Kungani Kubalulekile
Ubunzima bentela yokungenisa impahla evela eShayina eya eTurkey busho ukuthi ukukhetha umlingani wezokuthutha kubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho abathumeli abaningi abakuqondayo. Uma umthengisi wezimpahla engakwazi ukukweluleka ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-GTIP, ukwanda kokuvezwa kwentela noma imithetho ye-TAREKS, akuyona izindleko ezingathathi hlangothi, kuyisibopho.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, ibilokhu isebenza kusukela ngo-2010, yakha umkhuba wayo ezindabeni ezikhethekile zezinkampani zokuhambisa impahla ezivela eShayina. Ithimba elisungule linolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15 lokuhlola izinto zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla, kanye nolwazi oluphelele lokusebenza ngalokho okwenzekayo phakathi kwefektri yaseShayina kanye nechweba lapho uya khona.
Imodeli yesevisi ye-Topway ihlanganisa lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha: ukuthuthwa kokuqala okuvela ezikhungweni zezimboni zaseShayina, izindawo zokugcina impahla zasogwini, amadokhumenti okukhishwa kwempahla kanye nokulethwa kokugcina. Kwabangenisi abathumela impahla eTurkey, indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa izindleko nokunciphisa ingozi yokuxhumana ukuhlanganisa lezi zinsizakalo emthonjeni owodwa, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa abathengisi bezimpahla ezihlukene, izindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nezindawo zokususa impahla. I-Topway inikeza izinsizakalo zokuthutha impahla zasolwandle ze-FCL (Full Container Load) kanye ne-LCL (Less than Container Load) eziguquguqukayo ezivela eShayina ziye emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi i-terminal yase-Istanbul i-Ambarlı, i-Mersin kanye ne-İzmir.
Uma inhlangano yakho yandisa ukuthengwa kwayo kwezimpahla kusukela eShayina kuya eTurkey, ukuba nomlingani wezokuthutha oqondayo ukuthi izindleko zokuthutha zingena kanjani ekulinganisweni kwe-CIF - ngakho-ke kusisekelo samasiko aseTurkey - akuyona into yokunethezeka. Umehluko phakathi kwesabelomali esinamathelayo nesahlukana ebhawulweni lamasiko.
Amaphutha Avamile Aphazamisa Isabelomali Sokungenisa Impahla
Ubunzima bentela yokungenisa impahla evela eShayina eya eTurkey busho ukuthi ukukhetha umlingani wezokuthutha kubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho abathumeli abaningi abakuqondayo. Uma umthengisi wezimpahla engakwazi ukukweluleka ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-GTIP, ukwanda kokuvezwa kwentela noma imithetho ye-TAREKS, akuyona izindleko ezingathathi hlangothi, kuyisibopho.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, ibilokhu isebenza kusukela ngo-2010, yakha umkhuba wayo ezindabeni ezikhethekile zezinkampani zokuhambisa impahla ezivela eShayina. Ithimba elisungule linolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15 lokuhlola izinto zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokususwa kwezimpahla, kanye nolwazi oluphelele lokusebenza ngalokho okwenzekayo phakathi kwefektri yaseShayina kanye nechweba lapho uya khona.
Imodeli yesevisi ye-Topway ihlanganisa lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha: ukuthuthwa kokuqala okuvela ezikhungweni zezimboni zaseShayina, izindawo zokugcina impahla zasogwini, amadokhumenti okukhishwa kwempahla kanye nokulethwa kokugcina. Kwabangenisi abathumela impahla eTurkey, indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa izindleko nokunciphisa ingozi yokuxhumana ukuhlanganisa lezi zinsizakalo emthonjeni owodwa, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa abathengisi bezimpahla ezihlukene, izindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nezindawo zokususa impahla. I-Topway inikeza izinsizakalo zokuthutha impahla zasolwandle ze-FCL (Full Container Load) kanye ne-LCL (Less than Container Load) eziguquguqukayo ezivela eShayina ziye emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi i-terminal yase-Istanbul i-Ambarlı, i-Mersin kanye ne-İzmir.
Uma inhlangano yakho yandisa ukuthengwa kwayo kwezimpahla kusukela eShayina kuya eTurkey, ukuba nomlingani wezokuthutha oqondayo ukuthi izindleko zokuthutha zingena kanjani ekulinganisweni kwe-CIF - ngakho-ke kusisekelo samasiko aseTurkey - akuyona into yokunethezeka. Umehluko phakathi kwesabelomali esinamathelayo nesahlukana ebhawulweni lamasiko.
Isiphetho
Uhlelo lwentela yokungenisa eTurkey aluhloselwe ukuba lula futhi umthwalo wezinto ezivela eShayina uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izinga le-VAT eliyinhloko lingu-20% kodwa lokho kumane nje kubalwa kokugcina. Ibhili lakho lentela langempela linqunywa ngesisekelo lapho kubalwa khona i-VAT futhi leso sisekelo siyakhula njengoba yonke imali eyengeziwe ifakwa ngaphansi kwayo. Isiphetho esisebenzayo ukuthi izindleko ze-VAT ezisebenzayo uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lomkhiqizo wakho wokuqala zivame ukuba phezulu kunezinga eliphansi. Yingakho abantu abadala abasebenzisa ukungenisa bekhuluma ngokudonswa kwe-VAT okusebenzayo okungu-18% noma ngaphezulu ezimpahleni zaseShayina eTurkey.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma ulungiselele kahle, ungabhekana nalolu bunzima. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-GTIP okunembile, imodeli yezindleko ezihlelwe kahle, ulwazi lwe-İGV yamanje kanye nendawo yokulwa nokulahla izimpahla kanye nomlingani wezokuthutha oqonda uchungechunge oluphelele kusukela efektri yaseShayina kuya ekususweni kwezimpahla zamasiko zaseTurkey kuzovikela imingcele yakho kangcono kakhulu kunanoma yimuphi umzamo wokunciphisa izimemezelo.
ITurkey isengenye yezimakethe ezibaluleke kakhulu zezimpahla ezenziwe eShayina futhi ithuba likhona. Kodwa izinsuku lapho ungangenisa khona ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele ukwakheka kwentela seziphelile. Bhajethi yenqwaba ephelele - kufaka phakathi i-VAT esisekelweni esiphakanyisiwe - futhi usukulungele ukuncintisana. Ungakunaki bese kubalwa imali yakho enkokhelweni yamasiko.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo: Ingabe izinga le-VAT ekuthengisweni kwempahla evela eShayina lihlala lingu-20%?
A: Yebo, ezintweni eziningi – izinga elijwayelekile lingu-20%. Izigaba ezifana nokudla okubalulekile kanye nezinye izindwangu zingaphansi kwesilinganiso esincishisiwe ngamaphesenti ayi-10 kanti uhla oluncane lwemikhiqizo yezolimo lungaphansi kwesilinganiso esingu-1%. Hlola njalo ikhodi ye-GTIP yomkhiqizo wakho ngamashejuli asemthethweni e-Turkish VAT ukuze uqinisekise izinga elisebenzayo.
U: Ngingakwazi yini ukubuyisa i-VAT engiyikhokhayo ezinkampanini zamasiko?
A: Lapho ubhalisele i-VAT eTurkey futhi usebenzisa imikhiqizo engenisiwe emisebenzini ekhokhiswa intela, i-Import VAT (KDV) ivame ukubuyiswa njengentela yokufaka ngokumelene nesibopho sakho se-VAT esiphumayo. I-Import VAT iyindleko engapheli engeke ibuyiswe, ehlala njalo yamabhizinisi angabhalisiwe i-VAT.
U: Iyini i-Additional Customs Duty (İGV) futhi ngazi kanjani ukuthi isebenza ezimpahleni zami?
A: I-İGV iyisinyathelo sokuvikela esibekwe yiTurkey kwezinye izigaba zemikhiqizo, ngokuvamile ekungenisweni kwemikhiqizo evela eShayina. Izigaba ezivamile ezithintekayo zifaka ifenisha, izindwangu, ipulasitiki kanye nezinye izinto zezimboni. Ngaphambi kokuthenga, sicela uhlole isizindalwazi esisemthethweni sentela yoMnyango Wezohwebo waseTurkey kanye nohlu lwamanje lwe-IGV oluqondene ne-GTIP. Umthengisi wezimpahla onelayisensi angakuqinisekisa lokhu ngekhodi yakho yomkhiqizo.
U: Ingabe izindleko zokuthumela ezivela eShayina ziyayithinta intela yami eTurkey?
A: Kulungile, yebo. ETurkey, zonke izintela zokungenisa zibalwa ngenani le-CIF - Izindleko, Umshwalense kanye Nempahla. Izindleko zakho zokuthutha zandisa i-CIF yakho, okwandisa intela yakho yentela, i-İGV yakho kanye nesisekelo lapho kunqunywa khona i-VAT. Njalo thola izingcaphuno zempahla eziqinile ngaphambi kokuthi uqedele isabelomali sakho sezindleko zokufika.
Q: Ukuqina kwemithetho ka-2024-2026 kuthinte kanjani ukuthunyelwa kwe-e-commerce encane evela eShayina?
A: Kuningi kakhulu. Ekupheleni kuka-2024, iTurkey yehlisa umkhawulo wokukhululwa ekungenisweni komuntu siqu waba yi-€27, okuhlanganisa nezindleko zokulethwa. Ukuthunyelwa okuvela emazweni angewona awe-EU ngale kwaleli nani manje kubiza inkokhelo yamasiko engu-60%, kanye ne-VAT. Inqubo yokususa impahla elula yokuthunyelwa kwezentengiselwano okunenani eliphansi nayo iqinisiwe, okwenza amamodeli okuthunyelwa kwempahla encane eqondile evela eShayina abe yingozi kakhulu ngaphansi kwesimo samanje sokulawula.
