Gawo 301 + Gawo 122: Kusankha Mtengo Watsopano wa China-US
Ponyamula katundu pakati pa China ndi United States mu 2026, ndalama zolipirira katundu pa chidebe chimodzi sizichokera ku chinthu chimodzi. Ndi ndalama zambiri - chiwongola dzanja cha msonkho, ndalama zowonjezera za Section 301 ku China zomwe zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira kuyambira 2018, ndi ndalama zowonjezera zadzidzidzi za Section 122 zomwe zidayambitsidwa mu February 2026 Khoti Lalikulu litathetsa malamulo am'mbuyomu a msonkho. Ogulitsa katundu kunja sangathenso kunyalanyaza momwe zigawozi zimagwirizanirana; kusiyana pakati pa chitsanzo cha mtengo wolowera chomwe chimagwira ntchito, ndi chomwe chimachotsa ndalama zambiri pa katundu aliyense wotumizidwa.
Bukuli likufotokoza zomwe Gawo 301 ndi Gawo 122 zili, momwe zimakhalira pamwamba pa zinthu zochokera ku China, zomwe zasintha m'miyezi yaposachedwa komanso zomwe ogulitsa zinthu ochokera kunja ayenera kuyembekezera pamene ndalama zowonjezera za Gawo 122 zikuyandikira kulowa kwa dzuwa pa Julayi 24, 2026. Tikatha, timamasulira Legalese kukhala manambala omwe mungagwiritse ntchito polemba mtengo.
Kutsitsimutsa Mwachangu: Zida Ziwiri Zosiyana Kwambiri Zamalamulo
Gawo 301 ndi Gawo 122 zimachokera ku magawo osiyanasiyana a malamulo amalonda aku US - mfundo yomwe imawerengedwa kuposa momwe ambiri oitanitsa zinthu kunja amadziwira. US ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito Gawo 301 la Trade Act la 1974 kuti Pambuyo pofufuza mwalamulo za machitidwe osalungama amalonda monga kuba katundu wanzeru kapena kusamutsa ukadaulo mokakamiza, Woyimira Zamalonda amaika misonkho kwa mnzake wina wamalonda. Alibe tsiku lotha ntchito komanso palibe malire alamulo pamtengo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake misonkho ya China Section 301 yomwe idakhazikitsidwa koyamba mu 2018 ikadalipobe mpaka pano.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, gawo 122 ndi chida chosakhalitsa komanso chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Chimapatsa mphamvu Purezidenti kuti agwiritse ntchito chiwongola dzanja chadzidzidzi chofika pa 15 peresenti pa zinthu zochokera kudziko lililonse, koma kwa masiku osapitirira 150 okha komanso kuti athetse vuto la kulipira ndalama. Sichinapangidwe kuti chikhale chokhazikika - ndi njira yokakamiza yomwe Congress idayikapo kuti ipereke chigamulo cha kanthawi kochepa.
Chifukwa chomwe zonsezi zilili zofunika tsopano ndi nthawi. Patangopita maola ochepa Khoti Lalikulu litachotsa msonkho waukulu wa IEEPA womwe unakhazikitsidwa ndi boma pa February 20, 2026, White House inasintha kupita ku Gawo 122, ndikusaina chikalata chomwe chinayika ndalama zosasintha pa pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomwe zimalowa kuchokera kunja kuyambira February 24. Msonkho umenewo sunalowe m'malo mwa Gawo 301 pa katundu wochokera ku China, koma unawonjezerapo.
Gawo 301: Gawo Lokhazikika pa Katundu Wochokera ku China
Misonkho ya Gawo 301 ku China ikugwira ntchito pa malonda a pachaka okwana madola pafupifupi 370 biliyoni, omwe adagawidwa m'magulu anayi azinthu zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa m'magawo pakati pa 2018 ndi 2019, kenako adasinthidwanso panthawi yowunikiranso ya 2024 pansi pa ulamuliro wa Biden. Kukwera kwa 2024 kudayang'ana madera ofunikira - magalimoto amagetsi, ma semiconductors, ma solar cell ndi zinthu zina zamankhwala - ndipo kudayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka Januwale 2026, kotero mitengo ina yayikulu kwambiri pamndandandawu ikadali yatsopano.
Zotsatira zake ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana kutengera mndandanda uliwonse womwe code yanu ya HTS ili. Mndandanda 4A, womwe uli pa 7.5 peresenti, umakhudza zinthu zambiri zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndipo katundu womwe uli pa Mndandanda 1 mpaka 3 nthawi zambiri amakhala pa 25 peresenti. Mitengo imakhala yokwera kwambiri m'malo ofunikira, ena mwa iwo ndi otsika kwambiri.
| Chigamulo cha mankhwala | Mndandanda wa Gawo 301 | Mtengo Wapano |
| Katundu wamba wogwiritsidwa ntchito (zamagetsi, zida zapakhomo) | Mndandanda 4A | 7.5% |
| Makina a mafakitale, mankhwala, zinthu zina zosankhidwa | Mndandanda 1–3 | 25% |
| Semiconductors | Zosintha za 2024 | 50% |
| Ma cell a solar | Zosintha za 2024 | 50% |
| Magalimoto amagetsi | Zosintha za 2024 | 100% |
| Zinthu zina zachipatala (ma syringe, PPE) | Zosintha za 2024 | 25 - 100% |
Pali zina zomwe zatsala pa ma code enaake a HTS ndipo USTR yawonjezera nthawi ndi nthawi - mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zachotsedwa ukuphatikizapo mazana a ma code azinthu ndipo wawonjezeredwa mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2026 m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina kuchotsedwa pang'ono kungachepetse mtengo kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kuyang'ana database ya USTR exclusion ndi code yanu ya HTS ya manambala 8 kapena 10 musanaganize kuti mtengo wa mndandanda wamutu ndi womwe mumalipira.
Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chinasinthidwa ndi chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu mu February. Chigamulo cha Khotilo chinali chokhudza mitengo yoyikidwa pansi pa International Emergency Economic Powers Act, yomwe ndi ulamuliro wosiyana ndi wa boma. Mitengo ya Gawo 301 ku China ikadalipobe ngakhale kuti mlandu wa IEEPA watha.
Gawo 122: Ndalama Yowonjezera Yakanthawi Yomwe Inasintha Masamu
Gawo 122 linayamba kupangidwa mwangozi, makamaka pokonzekera. Boma, litakumana ndi kutayika mwadzidzidzi kwa ndalama zolipirira ndi mphamvu pambuyo poti Khoti Lalikulu lalengeza mu Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump kuti IEEPA sililola purezidenti kuyitanitsa misonkho, linafuna njira ina mwachangu. Chida chofulumira kwambiri chomwe chinalipo chinali Gawo 122 la Trade Act ya 1974, chifukwa limapatsa Purezidenti mphamvu yodziyimira payokha - palibe kufufuza, palibe nthawi yodikira - kuti ayankhe pamavuto omwe alengezedwa kuti alipire ndalama.
Boma lidati malonda a katundu ndi ochepera $1.2 triliyoni pachaka komanso kuti ndalama zomwe mayiko ena aika pa intaneti ndi zoipa kwambiri. Ndalama zowonjezerazo zidayamba kugwira ntchito pa February 24, 2026 pa 10 peresenti, ndipo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maiko ndi m'magulu azinthu, kuphatikizapo kuchotsera katundu yemwe anali kale paulendo, zipangizo zina zaulimi ndi zachipembedzo, katundu woyenerera wa USMCA wochokera ku Canada ndi Mexico, ndi zina zochepa zomwe zalembedwa mu annexes ya chikalatacho.
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa Gawo 122 ndi zida zina zonse zamitengo zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ndi nthawi yake yomangidwa mkati. Lamuloli limaletsa ndalama zowonjezerazi kukhala masiku 150 pokhapokha ngati Nyumba Yamalamulo iwonjezera nthawiyo, ndipo palibe lamulo lomwe likuyembekezeredwa pakadali pano. Izi zikuyika tsiku lomaliza lokhazikika, loyendetsedwa ndi kalendala pa Julayi 24, 2026 - tsiku lomwe lakhala likukwera pafupifupi pafupifupi chenjezo lililonse lamalonda lomwe laperekedwa m'miyezi ingapo yapitayi, chifukwa ndi limodzi mwa mfundo zochepa zomwe zimakhazikika pamitengo yomwe siili bwino.
Nkhani ya zamalamulo sinathetsedwe kuyambira pa February 7, 2026. Gulu logawanika ku US Khoti la Zamalonda Padziko Lonse linaganiza kuti chilengezocho chinapitirira ulamuliro wa purezidenti chifukwa sichinatchule mtundu wa kuperewera kwa ndalama zomwe Gawo 122 likufuna. Chigamulocho chinalola kuletsa kosatha - koma kwa odandaula atatu okha omwe adasuma mlandu, osati kwa oitanitsa katundu wamba. Dipatimenti Yachilungamo idapempha apilo, ndipo pa June 11, 2026, Bungwe la Federal Circuit linapereka chiletso cha khoti laling'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti CBP yapitiliza kusonkhanitsa ndalama zokwana 10 peresenti kuchokera kwa aliyense, kuphatikizapo odandaula, pamene apilo ikupitirira.
Kwa ogulitsa ambiri ochokera kunja, zotsatira zake zonse za miyezi yambiri ya milandu sizinasinthe kwenikweni: ndalama zowonjezera zikupitilira kutengedwa pamalire ndipo njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira ndikupitiriza kulipira ndikusunga ufulu wobwezeredwa ndalama ngati makhothi asankha mwanjira ina. Mosiyana, dongosolo la CBP la CAPE linayamba kulandira mafayilo obwezeredwa ndalama zamagetsi kudzera mu ACE Portal mu Epulo 2026. Ogulitsa kunja omwe adalipira misonkho panthawi yoyambirira, yayikulu ya IEEPA (Epulo 2025 mpaka Febuluwale 2026) ali ndi ufulu wobwezeredwa ndalama pa gawo la IEEPA makamaka.
Kuyika Zigawo: Zimene Kutumiza Kochokera ku China Kumalipiradi
Mitengo ya katundu wochokera ku China ndi yokwanira, osati peresenti yoyambira yokha. Kuwerengera kolondola kwa mtengo wogulidwa nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi chiwongola dzanja cha Most Favoured Nation cha code yanu ya HTS, kuphatikiza chiwongola dzanja cha mndandanda wa Gawo 301, kuphatikiza Gawo 122 pomwe katunduyo samasulidwa, kuphatikiza - ngati katundu wanu ali mu chitsulo, aluminiyamu, mkuwa kapena magalimoto - Gawo 232 pamwamba pa zonsezo. Gawo 232 silimayikidwa pamwamba pa Gawo 122 nthawi zonse, kotero kuphatikiza kolondola kumadalira zolemba zalamulo zolumikizidwa ndi mzere wanu wa msonkho. Ndipo iyi ndi gawo lomwe cholakwika chaching'ono cha gulu chingawononge madola masauzande ambiri pa katundu.
| Chitsanzo | Maziko a MFN | Gawo 301 | Gawo 122 | Chiwerengero Chogwira Ntchito |
| Zovala, HTS 6109.10.00 | 16.5% | 7.5% (Mndandanda 4A) | 10% | ~ 34% |
| Zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi wamba | 0% | 7.5% (Mndandanda 4A) | 10% | ~ 17.5% |
| Gawo la mafakitale, Mndandanda 1–3 | 2 - 5% | 25% | 10% | ~ 37–40% |
| Chitsulo (Gawo 232 likugwira ntchito) | 0 - 5% | 25% | 10% + 25% (232) | 60% + |
| Ma cell a solar | 0 - 1.5% | 50% | 10% | ~ 60% |
Ndikoyenera kuyima kaye kuti tiganizire momwe izi zilili bwino kuposa theka loyamba la 2026. Khoti Lalikulu lisanapereke lamulo, misonkho yofanana pa katundu waku China motsatira IEEPA idakweza mitengo yogwira ntchito kufika pa 145 peresenti. Gawo 122 ndi locheperako ndi lamulo kufika pa 15 peresenti - pakadali pano ndi 10 peresenti - motero malire enieni a zinthu zambiri zochokera ku China atsika kufika pamlingo wa 35 mpaka 45 peresenti wa katundu wotumizidwa kunja wopanda njira, womwe ndi kuchepa kwakukulu, koma ukadali wokwera kwambiri m'mbiri.
Kuti tipereke muyeso weniweni kumbali ya ogula: chovala cha madola 200 chomwe chikanakhala chopanda msonkho motsatira malamulo akale a de minimis tsopano chikhoza kukhala ndi ndalama zokwana madola 68 mpaka 75 mu msonkho wophatikizana mukasakaniza MFN yoyambira, Gawo 301, ndi Gawo 122 pamodzi, osaphatikizapo ndalama zogulira. Ogulitsa ambiri ochokera kumayiko ena akusiya kutumiza katundu positi kupita ku zinthu zogulira katundu ndi katundu wonyamula katundu wambiri komanso kugawa katundu m'nyumba, chifukwa ndalama zokhazikika zolowera m'nyumba zimakhala zosavuta kuzilandira pamlingo waukulu.
Phiri la Julayi 24 ndi Zomwe Zikubwera Pambuyo pake
Malangizo onse pankhaniyi amapereka tsiku lomwelo. Ndalama zowonjezera za Gawo 122 zidzatha zokha nthawi ya 12:01 am pokhapokha ngati Congress ichitapo kanthu. Eastern, patatha masiku 150 kuyambira pomwe idayamba kugwira ntchito, pa Julayi 24, 2026. Boma silingathe kuwonjezera izi lokha, ndipo ngakhale lamulo lotchedwa Reclaim Trade Powers Act lathandizidwa ku Congress, ndi cholinga chosiyana - kuchepetsa ulamuliro wa msonkho wa purezidenti m'malo mowonjezera.
Boma sililola kuti ndalama zimenezo zingotha. Pa Marichi 11 ndi 12, 2026, USTR idayambitsa kafukufuku watsopano wa Gawo 301: woyamba wokhudza kupanga zinthu mopitirira muyeso m'maboma 16, kuphatikizapo China, ndi wina wofufuza njira zokakamiza anthu kugwira ntchito molimbika m'mabungwe 60 akuluakulu ogulitsa ku US. Onsewa adayendetsedwa mwachangu makamaka kuti dongosolo lolowera msonkho likhoza kupezeka nthawi ya Gawo 122 isanathe. Tsiku lomaliza lomwe USTR idalengeza kuti limalize kufufuzaku linali pa Julayi 20, 2026, masiku anayi dzuwa lisanalowe, ndipo dongosolo lomwe lili patebuloli lidzayika msonkho wa Gawo 301 wa pafupifupi 10 mpaka 12.5 peresenti m'maiko ambiri.
Kusintha kumeneku sikukhudza China makamaka makamaka mayiko ena, chifukwa China ili ndi dongosolo lake la Gawo 301 lomwe silikuvulazidwa ndi chilichonse mwa izi. Ngati ntchito yatsopano yokakamiza kapena kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso Gawo 301 lamalizidwa, mitengo imeneyo ikhoza kuyikidwa pamwamba pa misonkho yomwe ilipo ya Mndandanda 1 mpaka 4A ku China pazinthu zochokera ku China - ngakhale kuti mpaka pano, malamulo enieni okonzera zinthu anali asanamalizidwe, ndipo mosiyana ndi misonkho yomwe ilipo ya Gawo 301 ku China, misonkho yatsopano ya Gawo 301 yokakamiza anthu ogwira ntchito mokakamiza sikuyembekezeka kukhala pamwamba pa Gawo 232.
Pakadali pano, Gawo 232 likufufuza za mankhwala, zosakaniza zogwira ntchito zamankhwala ndi zida zachipatala zikupita m'njira zawo zosiyana ndi misonkho 100 peresenti pa mankhwala okhala ndi patent omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito pa Julayi 31, 2026 kwa makampani akuluakulu ndi pa Seputembala 29 kwa makampani ang'onoang'ono. Mosiyana ndi Gawo 122, Gawo 232 lilibe malire ovomerezeka pa mtengo kapena nthawi yomaliza - ndichifukwa chake boma likubwerezanso ngati chida cholimba komanso chanthawi yayitali.
Khoti Lalikulu linatsekanso chitseko chimodzi chomwe chinali chitatsegulidwa kwa zaka zambiri pakati pa mwezi wa June: pa June 15, 2026, linakana kuganizira za mlandu womwe wakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali pa Gawo 301 Mndandanda 3 ndi 4A pa katundu waku China, zomwe zinathetsa kuti milandu ndi kutsimikizira mitengoyo ikhalepo, mosasamala kanthu za momwe nkhani ya Gawo 122 ikuyendera.
Kodi Izi Zikutanthauza Chiyani pa Njira Yanu Yopezera Zinthu ndi Kutumiza Zinthu?
Koma palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chimasintha zenizeni zamalonda: China ikadali malo ofunikira kwambiri opangira zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika wa US, ndipo kukonzanso unyolo wonse wogulira sikofulumira komanso kotsika mtengo. Kwa ogulitsa ambiri ochokera kunja, njira yeniyeni ndiyo kukhala anzeru pankhani yogawa, nthawi ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu, m'malo moyesa kupeza njira yotulukira kwathunthu mumndandanda wamitengo.
Kugawa bwino HTS m'magulu ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite, komanso chinthu chomwe mungachiwononge kwambiri mukapanikizika nthawi. Katundu wosankhidwa molakwika ndi kamutu kamodzi kokha angawononge katunduyo ndi 7.5 peresenti ya Section 301, m'malo mwa 25 peresenti ya mtengo. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosungiramo katundu kapena malo ogulitsa akunja, izi zimathandiza ogulitsa kunja kupewa kulipira msonkho mpaka katunduyo atalowa mu malonda aku US, zomwe zingakhale zofunika kwambiri pakuyenda bwino kwa ndalama pamene mtengo wophatikizana wa katundu wotumizidwa ungapitirire gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mtengo wake wolengezedwa.
Chaka chino ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera nthawi yolowera m'dziko motsatira nthawi yomaliza monga pa Julayi 24. Katundu wololedwa kulowa m'dzikolo asanathe kutha kwa gawo la 122 amakhala ndi mtengo uliwonse womwe ukugwira ntchito panthawi yolowera, pomwe katundu wosungidwa ndikulowetsedwa pambuyo pake akhoza kukhala pansi pa njira yosiyana kwambiri komanso yosatchulidwa. Zisankho za nthawi yotereyi zimadalira kwambiri kupezeka kwa mnzawo wonyamula katundu yemwe amamvetsetsa nthawi yoyendera panyanja ndi kalendala yolamulira mokwanira kuti akonze kubwerera m'mbuyo kuchokera ku nthawi yomaliza yoperekedwa ndi khoti.
Umu ndi momwe zinthu zilili pomwe mnzawo wothandizana ndi malonda aku China ndi US amapeza njira yake. Kuyambira mu 2010, Shenzhen Topway Shipping Co., Ltd. yakhala kampani yopereka mayankho azinthu zamalonda apa intaneti. Gulu loyambitsa kampaniyi lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito zogulitsa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso zochotsera misonkho, makamaka njira yogulitsira pakati pa China ndi US - njira yeniyeni yogulitsira yomwe Gawo 301 ndi Gawo 122 zimapita mwachindunji.
Utumiki wa Topway Shipping umakhudza unyolo wonse wa katundu, kuyambira mayendedwe oyamba kuchoka ku China, mpaka malo osungiramo katundu ku US, mpaka kukonza zochotsera katundu, komanso kutumiza katundu womaliza kwa kasitomala womaliza. Kwa otumiza katundu omwe akuganiza zosintha kuchoka pa kutumiza katundu kupita ku njira yotumizira katundu wambiri komanso yosungiramo katundu ndi kugawa katundu poganizira momwe zinthu zilili panopa, mtundu umenewu wa chithandizo chochokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto umachepetsa mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi mgwirizano omwe akanaperekedwa mwachindunji kwa wotumiza katunduyo. Kampaniyo imaperekanso ntchito yosinthira yonyamula katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe komanso katundu wochepa kuposa chidebe kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimathandiza otumiza katundu kusankha kukula kapena kuchepa kwa mphamvu pamene malamulo a msonkho asintha popanda kukakamiza mgwirizano watsopano wa katundu nthawi iliyonse.
Mochulukirachulukira, kukhala ndi mnzanu amene akutsatira kusintha kwa malamulo tsiku ndi tsiku, m'malo mopeza za kusintha kwa mitengo kuchokera ku invoice ya broker wa kasitomu, ndi gawo la zomwe zimasiyanitsa ogulitsa kunja omwe amateteza ndalama zawo ndi omwe akuwononga ndalama zosafunikira.
Chidziwitso pa De Minimis ndi Kutumiza Ma Parcel Ang'onoang'ono
Kusintha kwina komwe kumalandira chidwi chochepa kuposa mitengo yayikulu, koma mwina kwasintha malonda apaintaneti kuposa gawo limodzi lililonse, ndiko kutha kothandiza kwa kutumiza kwaulere kwa zinthu zotsika mtengo kuchokera ku China. Kupatula kwa de minimis, kwa zaka zambiri, kwalola kutumiza kwamtengo wotsika $800 kulowa mu United States popanda misonkho yovomerezeka, zomwe zathandiza nsanja za ogula mwachindunji kutumiza zinthu mwachindunji kuchokera ku malo osungiramo katundu aku China pamtengo woyenera. Kuchotseraku kwakhala kukukulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono pazaka ziwiri zapitazi pa katundu wochokera ku China, ndipo msonkho womwe ulipo pano ukugwiranso ntchito ngakhale kuzinthu zomwe kale sizinkalipira msonkho.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti amalonda ambiri omwe amanga njira yawo yonse yogulitsira katundu potumiza katundu tsopano akuwerengeranso kuyambira pachiyambi. Njira yomwe idagwira ntchito pamene katundu wa madola 50 adabwera popanda msonkho, sigwira ntchito pamene katundu yemweyo tsopano ali ndi chiwongola dzanja cha MFN, Gawo 301 ndi Gawo 122 chomwe chingakhale pakati pa 20 ndi 40 peresenti kutengera HTS code. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe kuphatikiza katundu wambiri ndi kulowa mwalamulo kudzera mu bond facility kwakhala kokongola kwambiri kuposa kale, ngakhale kwa ogulitsa omwe apewa kuchuluka kwa mapepala olowera mwalamulo.
Kutsiliza
Ku US-China Zochitika za msonkho pakati pa chaka cha 2026 ndi zovuta kwambiri kuposa chaka chapitacho, koma sizikudziwika. Gawo 301 ndiye maziko okhazikika a misonkho yeniyeni ya ku China, yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi za kafukufuku ndi ndemanga, ndipo sizikutha mosasamala kanthu za zomwe makhothi apereka pa china chilichonse. Gawo 122 ndi khadi lachilengedwe, malo oimikapo magalimoto, komanso mpikisano wolipira womwe watsutsidwa mwalamulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi 24, 2026, ndi malo ena okhazikika a Gawo 301 omwe apangidwa kale kumbuyo kwake. Ntchito yothandiza ndi yofanana mosasamala kanthu za njira yomwe mungatsatire pa bizinesi iliyonse yosuntha katundu pakati pa China ndi United States: gawaniza bwino, onetsani kuchuluka kwa katundu m'malo mwa mtengo umodzi, yang'anirani tsiku lomaliza la Julayi 24 mosamala, ndikugwira ntchito ndi ogwirizana nawo omwe angathe kusintha njira yolowera ndi nthawi yolowera pamene malamulo akupitilirabe kuyenda. Kuchuluka kwa msonkho sikudzakhala kovuta kwambiri kusanayambe kukhazikika koma sikuyenera kukhala kosalamulirika ndi wogwirizana ndi katundu ndi kasitomu woyenera.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi Gawo 122 likusintha msonkho wa Gawo 301 pa katundu waku China?
A: Zero. Mizere iwiri pamwamba pa ina ya katundu wochokera ku China. Gawo 301 ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika ya msonkho wa China; Gawo 122 ndi ndalama zowonjezera zakanthawi kochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ogwirizana nawo ambiri ogulitsa. Katundu wochokera ku China akhoza kupereka zonsezi.
Q: Kodi ndalama zowonjezera za Gawo 122 zimatha liti?
A: Ikukonzeka kutha ntchito nthawi ya 12:01 am ndi lamulo. Eastern pa Julayi 24, 2026, masiku 150 kuchokera pamene yayamba kugwira ntchito pa Feb. 24, 2026, pokhapokha ngati Nyumba Yamalamulo yavomereza lamulo lowonjezera nthawiyo, lomwe silikuyembekezeka kuchitika pakadali pano.
Q: Kodi ndalama zowonjezera za Gawo 122 la 10% zikusonkhanitsidwabe ngakhale khoti litapereka chigamulo chotsutsana nazo?
A: Inde. Mu Meyi 2026 Khoti Loona za Malonda Padziko Lonse linapeza kuti msonkhowo ndi wosaloledwa, koma Bungwe la Federal Circuit linayimitsa lamuloli mu June poyembekezera apilo ya boma, ndipo pakadali pano CBP ikupitiliza kusonkhanitsa ndalama zowonjezera kuchokera kwa ogulitsa onse ochokera kunja.
Q: N’chiyani chomwe chimalowa m’malo mwa Gawo 122 pambuyo poti latha ntchito?
A: USTR yapereka ndalama zowonjezera za Gawo 301 za pafupifupi 10 mpaka 12.5 peresenti pa mayiko ambiri, kutengera kafukufuku wopitilira wokhudza anthu ogwira ntchito mokakamizidwa komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu opanga zinthu, zomwe zingalowe m'malo mwake, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kutsiriza ntchitoyo pasanathe nthawi yomwe dzuwa lilowa pa Julayi 24.
Q: Kodi ndingapeze ndalama zobwezera pa mitengo yomwe ndidalipira kale?
A: Ogulitsa kunja omwe adalipira misonkho motsatira ndondomeko yakale ya IEEPA kuyambira Epulo 2025 mpaka February 2026 akhoza kupempha kubwezeredwa ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito CBP's ACE Portal. Misonkho ya Gawo 301 sibwezeredwa, ndipo kupezeka kwa kubweza ndalama kwa Gawo 122 kumadalirabe zotsatira za apilo ya khothi lino.
