Ingqalelo yabaThumeli bangaphandle: IVietnam inyusa iNqanaba layo kwizinto zomgunyathi ezithutyelweyo-ezi ndidi zeMveliso zikwiiCrosshairs.
Ukuba uthumela iimpahla eVietnam – nokuba nge-B2B, i-e-commerce ewela imida, okanye ngokuthengisa ngobuninzi – kufuneka uphathe u-2025 njengesiqalo sotshintsho. Eli lizwe aliseyiyo nje “isiseko sokufumana izinto ngexabiso eliphantsi” okanye indawo elula yokudlulisela impahla. Liya lisiba lelinye lawona maqela anamandla kakhulu eMzantsi-mpuma Asia ekulweni nokuthengiswa kwezinto ngokungekho mthethweni kunye neempahla zomgunyathi.
Ngasekupheleni kuka-2025, urhulumente waseVietnam wabhengeza iphulo likazwelonke lokulwa nokuthengiswa ngokungekho mthethweni, ubuqhetseba kurhwebo kunye neemveliso zomgunyathi, eliqala nge-16 kaDisemba 2025 ukuya kwi-15 kaMatshi 2026, apho onke amasebe, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kunye nemikhosi yogcino-mthetho behlanganisiwe. Oku kwakha phezu komzamo weminyaka emininzi owenziwa ziiarhente zerhafu kunye nolawulo lwemarike, kubandakanya nesicwangciso sokunyanzeliswa sika-2024 esijolise ngokukodwa kwimpahla yomgunyathi kunye nokwaphulwa kwepropathi yengqondo.I-VnEconomy)
Kwangaxeshanye, i-United States icinezele iVietnam ngendima yayo kurhwebo lobuxoki, kuquka ukubiza iSaigon Square yaseHo Chi Minh City njenge "makethi eyaziwayo" yezinto zobuxoki. NgoMeyi 2025, abasemagunyeni baseVietnam bahlasela le mall baza bathimba amawaka eewotshi zeRolex zobuxoki, iibhegi zezandla zasePrada kunye nezinye izinto zodidi oluphezulu.
Kubathengisi bangaphandle kunye nabathengisi abawela umda, oku kuthetha into enye: ukuthunyelwa kwakho kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kunangaphambili ukuba kuhlolwe - kwaye kubanjwe - ukuba kukho naluphi na uphawu lokwaphulwa kwe-IP, ukuchazwa kakubi okanye umsebenzi we-grey-market.
Apha ngezantsi kukho uhlalutyo olusebenzayo lwezinto ezenzekayo, zeziphi iindidi ezijoliswe kuzo, kunye nendlela amashishini asemthethweni afanele aziqhelanise ngayo.
Kutheni iVietnam iqinisa isikrufu kwiimpahla zomgunyathi nezithutyeleziswa ngokungekho mthethweni
Kukho amandla amaninzi ahambelanayo abangela olu lwaphulo-mthetho luqhubekayo:
- Ingcinezelo yasekhaya evela kumashishini anyanisekileyo
Abavelisi baseVietnam kunye nabanini beempawu kudala bekhalaza ngelithi bancitshiswa ngezinto ezingeyonyani nezingekho mgangathweni. Amajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni anika ingxelo yokuba abavelisi abasemthethweni kumacandelo afana nokutya, ubusi kunye nezongezo zempilo bayasokola ukukhuphisana kuba ezomgunyathi zithengiswa ngamaxabiso aphantsi kakhulu ngokusebenzisa amajelo osasazo oluntu kunye namajelo angekho sikweni. - Ukwanda kobuqhetseba kurhwebo lwe-elektroniki
Kwi-2024 yodwa, imikhosi yokulawula imarike yaseVietnam iqhube ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwe-3,400 egxile kwi-e-commerce; I-1,256 yala matyala abandakanya inkohliso okanye i-IP-infringing iimveliso ezithengiswa kwi-intanethi. (iVietnamnews.vn) Iiplatform ezifana neTikTok, Facebook, Shopee kunye neLazada ngoku ziphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulayo lokususa uluhlu olungeyonyani kunye nokomeleza ukuqinisekiswa komthengisi. - Irhafu yase-US kunye neengxoxo zorhwebo
IVietnam ibisoloko ijongwa yi-US ngemiba efana nokudluliselwa kwempahla ngokungekho mthethweni kunye norhwebo lobuxoki. Imithetho ebhaliweyo icebisa izohlwayo eziqatha kwiimpahla ezithi zisuka eVietnam ngokungeyonyani ukuze kuthintelwe ukuhlawuliswa kweerhafu kwiimveliso zaseTshayina, ingakumbi kumacandelo afana nefenitshala, izixhobo zombane kunye nentsimbi.Reuters) Ulwaphulo-mthetho oludumileyo kwiimpahla zobunewunewu zomgunyathi eSaigon Square ludibene ngokucacileyo noxinzelelo lwaseMelika malunga nobusela kunye neenkohliso. - Amaphulo karhulumente ngokubanzi kunye neenjongo zokunyanzelisa
IKomiti yoLawulo yeSizwe yaseVietnam yokulwa nokuthuthwa ngokungekho mthethweni ibike amakhulu amawaka olwaphulo-mthetho kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kuquka amatyala angaphezu kwe-10,000 aquka iimpahla zomgunyathi okanye ezingaphantsi komgangatho.Uhlelo lwesiNgesi lwe-SGGP) U-Hanoi yedwa waphatha amawaka amatyala okuthengiswa kunye nokuthengiswa komgunyathi kwiinyanga ezintlanu zokuqala ze-2025, kunye nezininzi zokutshutshisa.
Ngamafutshane, uphawu lwezopolitiko oluvela eHanoi lucacile: Ukuzityeshela izinto zobuxoki okanye ezibhengezwe ngendlela engafanelekanga akusamkelekanga.
Iindidi zemveliso eziphambili phantsi koqwalaselo olulodwa
Nangona nayiphi na into ethengiswayo inokubanjwa ukuba iphula amasiko okanye imithetho ye-IP, iindidi ezithile ziye zakhankanywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumaphulo asemthethweni kunye nokupapashwa kweendaba. Abathengisi kumazwe angaphandle kula macandelo kufuneka bathathe a iprofayile yomngcipheko ophezulu.
Itheyibhile 1 - Iindidi zemveliso ezinomngcipheko ophezulu kwi-Vietnam yangoku yokuqhekeka
| udidi | Kutheni kusemngciphekweni omkhulu | Ugxininiso oluqhelekileyo lokunyanzeliswa |
|---|---|---|
| Imfashini kunye nezixhobo zodidi oluphezulu | IVietnam ichongwe njengesixeko esiphambili seempahla zobunewunewu zobuxoki; uhlaselo lwaseSaigon Square lwathimba iRolex, iPrada, iGucci, iLV, iDior, iHermès, njl. | Ukwaphulwa kwemithetho yophawu lwentengiso, ukungabikho kwee-invoyisi, ixabiso elichazwe gwenxa kunye nenkcazo |
| Izihlangu & nezemidlalo | Iimpawu zehlabathi eziqhele ukwenziwa zomgunyathi; zihlala zithengiswa kwiimarike nakwi-intanethi | Ukusetyenziswa kweelogo ezidumileyo, ukungeniswa kwempahla engafakwanga uphawu kamva ephawulwe ngeempawu zomgunyathi |
| Iiwotshi kunye nobucwebe | Ixabiso eliphezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci - ilungele ukuthengiswa ngokungekho mthethweni; iRolex yomgunyathi igqanyisiwe | Iimpawu zorhwebo zomgunyathi, ukuhlawula ii-invoyisi ezingaphelelanga, ukuhambisa imali kumazwe angaphandle |
| I-Electronics kunye nezixhobo zefowuni | Ubuninzi obukhulu nge-e-commerce; iitshaja zobuxoki kunye nezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zivezwe kuhlaselo lwaseHanoi | Imigangatho yokhuseleko, amanqaku omgunyathi, ukungabikho kwamaxwebhu emvelaphi |
| Amayeza kunye nezongezo zempilo | Ichaphazela impilo yoluntu; ijoliswe kwimiyalelo yenkulumbuso malunga nokutya okungeyonyani, ubisi kunye neziyobisi (IVietnam+ (iVietnamPlus)) | Iimveliso ezingabhaliswanga, inkohliso okanye iilebhile ezitshintshiweyo, ukuthengiswa kwe-intanethi ngaphandle kwelayisensi |
| Izithambiso kunye nokhathalelo lomntu | Isenziwa rhoqo ngomgunyathi, ithengiswa ngokubanzi ngemidiya yoluntu kunye nokusasaza bukhoma | Imvelaphi yobuxoki, ukubhalwa kakubi, ukuphulwa kwemimiselo yezempilo |
| Ukutya & neziselo (kuquka ubisi) | Amatyala obisi olungeyonyani kunye neemveliso zokutya ezikhankanyiweyo kumaxwebhu karhulumente (IVietnam+ (iVietnamPlus)) | Izatifikethi zokhuseleko lokutya, ukulandeleka kwemvelaphi, ulwimi lokulebhile kunye nemihla yokuphelelwa |
| Izixhobo zeemoto, oomatshini kunye neempahla zoshishino | Inxulunyaniswa nokudluliselwa kwempahla kunye nobuqhetseba bemvelaphi kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eziya eMelika (Reuters) | Ikhowudi ye-HS i-mis-declaration, iileyibhile zobuxoki "Yenziwe eVietnam", iilayisensi ezilahlekileyo ze-IP |
| Izinto zokudlala kunye nezinto zokubhala nge-e-commerce | Ukukhula okuqinileyo kumatyala omgunyathi kurhwebo lwe-intanethi kuwo wonke ummandla (iVietnamnews.vn) | Imigangatho yokhuseleko, ukwaphulwa kwe-IP, isilumkiso seminyaka yobudala kunye nokunyhashwa kwamanqaku okhuseleko |
Ukuba iimveliso zakho ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eVietnam ziwela kulo naluphi na olu luhlu, kuya kufuneka ucinge ukuba omabini amagosa athengisa amasiko kunye nentengiso asebenza ngokuzingela ukuthunyelwa okungahambelaniyo.
IVietnam inyanzelisa njani ukuqhekeka
Icebo lokunyanzelisa umthetho laseVietnam lingashwankathelwa ngokwamanqanaba amathathu:
Ukuhlolwa kwemida kunye nokuhlalutywa komngcipheko werhafu
I-Vietnam Customs ibike amawaka eempazamo zokwaphulwa komthetho werhafu kunye neempahla ezithinjiweyo ezixabisa amakhulu ezigidi zeerandi kwiinyanga zokuqala zowama-2024. Abasemagunyeni bayaqinisa uhlalutyo lomngcipheko ku:
- Umhlaba uqhagamshelene neTshayina neLaos, apho ukuthengiswa ngokungekho mthethweni kweempahla zabathengi, ukutya okukhenkcezisiweyo kunye nepetroli kuxhaphakile;
- Amazibuko amakhulu, ngakumbi ukuthunyelwa kweenqanawa kunye nokuthutyeleziswa kwepetroli;
- Iinqwelomoya kunye neendawo zokuhambisa impahla ngokukhawuleza ezisetyenziselwa iipasela ezincinci ezineempahla okanye iziyobisi zomgunyathi.I-VnEconomy)
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla evela kwimvelaphi eyaziwayo yomngcipheko ophezulu, okanye ukubandakanya iikhowudi zemveliso ezinomngcipheko ophezulu, kunokwenzeka ukuba zijongene nokuhlolwa okucacileyo, kubandakanywa nokuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa kokubaluleka kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwamalungelo e-IP.
Ugqogqo lokuhlolwa kwemarike & namaphulo asekuhlaleni
Kwizixeko ezifana neHanoi, iSebe lezoPhando lweMarike liqalise amaphulo ajoliswe kuwo afana nelithi “Say No to Counterfeit Goods, Commercial Fraud, and Smuggling”, nto leyo ekhokelele kukwaphulwa kwamakhulu eemali kunye nezohlwayo ezibalulekileyo kwinyanga enye nje kuphela.
Abasemagunyeni basebenzisane namapolisa kunye namagosa abucala ukuze:
- Ukuhlasela iindawo zokugcina impahla kunye neefektri ezincinci eziphinda zifake iilebhile okanye zihlanganise iimpahla ezinophawu lobuxoki;
- Hlola iivenkile kunye neemarike ezaziwa ngokuthengisa izinto ezinegama eliphantsi kubakhenkethi;
- Thatha amayeza omgunyathi, izinto zokuthambisa kunye nezongezelelo eziphula imithetho yezempilo.
Olu hlaselo lwangaphandle kwe-intanethi luhlala lubuyela emva kwiirekhodi zokungenisa elizweni, ezinokuthi emva koko ziqalise uphando lokubuyela emva kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphambili.
Urhwebo lwe-elektroniki kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweendaba zoluntu
Abasemagunyeni baseVietnam ngoku babiza ngokucacileyo kumaqonga amakhulu-iShopee, iLazada, iTikTok, i-Facebook, i-Zalo-ukuqinisa amanyathelo okuthintela ukudweliswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwempahla yomgunyathi kunye nengenakulandeleka. (iVietnamnews.vn)
Amanyathelo angundoqo aquka:
- Ukufuna abathengisi ukuba banikezele ngeziqinisekiso zobhaliso lweshishini kunye nezemveliso;
- Ukususa uluhlu oluphula imithetho yentengiso okanye olungenazo imvelaphi/ilebhile ezifanelekileyo;
- Ukwabelana ngolwazi malunga naboni abaphindayo kunye nee-arhente zonyanzeliso.
Kubathengisi abawela imida, oku kuthetha ukuba ivenkile yakho ye-intanethi kunye namaphepha emveliso anokuhlaziywa kungekuphela nje ngeqonga, kodwa nangabalawuli.
Oko kufuneka kwenziwe ngabathumeli bamanye amazwe kunye nabathengisi abanqumla imida ngoku
Xa kujongwa le meko, abathumeli-mpahla ngaphandle kufuneka baphathe ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo njengotyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo kunomthwalo wolawulo. Nanga amanyathelo abambekayo:
Coca ipotfoliyo yemveliso yakho
- Susa zonke iikopi zomgunyathi okanye "eziphefumlelweyo" zeempahla ezinophawu kuzo naziphi na izinto ezithunyelwa eVietnam. Ukuthengisa izinto ezifana "nezibonakala" ezisebenzisa iilogo okanye imibala efanayo kusenokuthathwa njengokwaphulwa komthetho.
- Ukuba ungumvelisi we-OEM okanye we-white-label, qiniseka ukuba uneelayisenisi ze-IP ezibhaliweyo okanye iikhontrakthi ezikuvumela ukuba wenze iimpahla ezineempawu zorhwebo ezithile.
- Kwimpahla zentengiso ezingwevu (iimveliso zokwenyani ziphinde zahanjiswa ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso), qaphela ukuba abanini bebhrendi banokusebenzisana nabasemagunyeni baseVietnam ukunqanda ukungenisa elizweni okunxuseneyo.
Qinisa amaxwebhu kunye nezibhengezo
- Qinisekisa ukuba ii-invoyisi zakho zorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha kunye neekhowudi ze-HS zihambelana neempahla zangempela, kungekhona inkcazo "engabizi" esetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umsebenzi.
- Kwicandelo elinobuzaza (amayeza, izinto zokuthambisa, ukutya, izixhobo ze-elektroniki), lungiselela zonke izatifikethi eziyimfuneko - umzekelo, ubhaliso lwemveliso, iingxelo zovavanyo, okanye iimpawu zokuhambelana nemigaqo.
- Nika amaxwebhu acacileyo emvelaphi (afana neeSatifikethi zeMvelaphi) kwaye uphephe naluphi na uhlobo lwesenzo olunokuthiwa lufana nolwenziwe "eVietnam" kwiimpahla zangaphandle.
Sebenza namaqabane asekuhlaleni, athobelayo
- Khetha abarhwebi kunye nabasasazi abanerekhodi elandelwayo yokukhutshwa kwezithethe ezifanelekileyo, hayi abo bathembisa "nayiphi na imveliso, akukho maphepha".
- Buza amaqabane asekuhlaleni ukuba ajongana njani nokuhlolwa okunokwenzeka kunye neenkqubo zangaphakathi zokuthobela imithetho abazilandelayo.
- Qwalasela ukupakishwa kwendawo kunye nokuleyibheli kulwimi lwaseVietnam kunye neemfuno zolawulo, kunokuxhomekeka kwipakethe yegeneric yehlabathi.
Lungiselela uhlolo kunye nophicotho lwasemva kokuphuma kwetyala
- Qeqesha iqela lakho ukuba liphendule ngokukhawuleza xa amagosa erhafu okanye olawulo lwemarike ecela amaxwebhu okanye iisampulu.
- Gcina i-archive yeekhontrakthi, iilayisensi ze-IP kunye namaphepha obugcisa anokuthi kwabelwane ngawo nabasemagunyeni baseVietnam ukubonisa ukuba semthethweni.
- Uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lolibaziseko olunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlolwa; ukungxamela abarhwebi ukusika iikona kunokubatyhala ngakwindlela ezimfutshane ezinobungozi.
Amathuba acwangcisiweyo: ukuthotyelwa njengento ekhuphisanayo
Ngelixa uqhekeko lunokuvakala ngathi lubuhlungu, lukwavula indawo yabathengisi bangaphandle abahloniphekileyo:
- Iimveliso zobuxoki ziyasuswa kwimarike, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu ezifana neempahla zodidi oluphezulu, izinto zokuthambisa kunye nezongezo zempilo, nto leyo evuselela amathemba kumashishini athembekileyo alandela imithetho.
- Amaqonga kunye nabathengisi bafuna ngenkuthalo iimpawu ezithembekileyo ezinokubonelela ngamaxwebhu kunye nokulandeleka.
- Iimpawu zaseVietnam zizama ukutshintsha indawo ukusuka kwindawo “yobuxoki” ukuya kwindawo “yomgangatho owenziwe eVietnam”, kwaye amaqabane angaphandle athatha i-IP kunye nokhuseleko nzulu aya kwamkeleka ngakumbi.
Ukuba unokubonisa uthotyelo oluluqilima, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhusele ubambiswano oluzinzileyo kunye nokumiswa kweprimiyamu njengoko imarike icoca.
Uluhlu lokujonga ngaphambi kokuba uthumele eVietnam
Ngaphambi kokuba ukuthunyelwa kwakho okulandelayo kuhambe ukuya eVietnam, sebenzisa olu luhlu lukhawulezayo lokukhangela:
- Imveliso esemthethweni
- Ngaba naziphi na izinto zikopi ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukwaphulwa kophawu lwentengiso?
- Ngaba kukho izinto ezithintelweyo okanye ezingavumelekanga phantsi komthetho waseVietnam (umz., amayeza athile, izixhobo)?
- Ugunyaziso lwe-IP kunye nophawu
- Ngaba unayo imvume ebhaliweyo yokusebenzisa lonke uhlobo kunye nelogo kwiimveliso zakho okanye ukupakisha?
- Amaxwebhu eCustoms
- Ngaba iikhowudi ze-HS, iinkcazo kunye namaxabiso abhengeziweyo abonisa ngokuchanekileyo iimpahla?
- Ngaba unazo iiSatifikethi zeMvelaphi ezisemthethweni kunye nezinye iimpepha ezixhasayo?
- Ukuthotyelwa komthetho
- Ukutya, izinto zokuthambisa, amayeza, izongezo, izixhobo ze-elektroniki: ngaba wena okanye umthengisi wakho ongenisa impahla ninobhaliso olufunekayo kunye neengxelo zovavanyo?
- Ukuphonononga okufanelekileyo kweqabane
- Ngaba umthengisi wakho waseVietnam uyaziwa ngemisebenzi ethobelayo?
- Ingaba banaso isicwangciso sokuhlolwa nophicotho?
- Ubukho kwi-Intanethi
- Ukuba uthengisa ngeShopee, iLazada, iTikTok, iFacebook okanye amanye amaqonga, ngaba uluhlu lwakho luhambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-IP kunye nemithetho yokulebhile?
Ukuhamba kokugqibela
Isigidimi esingasemva kohlaselo olutsha lwaseVietnam asicacanga: iimpahla ezithutyeleziswayo nezingeyonyani aziseyiyo “ishishini elinomngcipheko omncinci, elinomvuzo ophezulu” – zizinto eziphambili ekunyanzelisweni komthetho.
Kwabathumela impahla kwamanye amazwe, eli lixesha lokuba:
- Phuma kuyo nayiphi na imodeli yeshishini engwevu okanye emnyama;
- Tyala imali kumaxwebhu, umkhondo kunye nobudlelwane namaqabane athembekileyo;
- Phatha iVietnam njengemarike yexesha elide, esekelwe kwimithetho, kungekhona nje indlela engabizi kakhulu.
Ukuba uyahlengahlengisa ngoku, unokunqanda ukubanjwa okubuhlungu kwaye endaweni yoko ubeke uphawu lwakho njengenxalenye yentshukumo yaseVietnam ukuya kurhwebo olucocekileyo, olukumgangatho ophezulu.
