I-Austria Customs 101: Oko Kufuneka Wonke Umthumeli Welizwe waseTshayina Akwaziyo Ngaphambi Kokuthunyelwa
intshayelelo
I-Austria lilizwe elingenalo ulwandle elinabantu abangaphantsi kwezigidi ezisithoba, kodwa kubathumeli-mpahla baseTshayina kunye neenkampani zorhwebo lwe-e-commerce eziwela imida yindlela eya kwenye yeemarike zabathengi ezizityebi kakhulu kwi-Central Europe. I-Austria lilungu elipheleleyo le-European Union ukusukela ngo-1995 kwaye ngenxa yoko kufuneka ilandele umthetho werhafu ye-EU. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimfuno ziyafana, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kungqongqo kwaye amaxwebhu awanakucwangciswa.
Uninzi lwabathumeli-mpahla baseTshayina bawela kumgibe wokujonga i-Austria njengenye indawo nje. Enyanisweni, isakhelo serhafu yase-Austria singumdibaniso wemithetho ye-EU, iinkqubo ezithile zase-Austria, ukufakwa kwefayili nge-elektroniki okunyanzelekileyo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo we-VAT onganyamezeliyo nto leyo ethintela nokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle okunexabiso eliphantsi. Inyathelo eliphosiweyo lithetha ukuba umthwalo wakho useHamburg, Koper okanye kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseVienna ofumana isohlwayo.
Le ncwadi iza kukunceda unciphise ukungaqiniseki kwaye ikunike ingcaciso esebenzayo nehlaziyiweyo yazo zonke izinto ekufuneka uzazi ngaphambi kokuba uthutho lwakho olulandelayo luhambe eShenzhen, eGuangzhou okanye eYiwu. Igubungela yonke into ukusuka ekubalweni kwemisebenzi kunye neemfuno ukuya kwiimpahla ezingavumelekanga, ukuhlelwa kwekhowudi ye-HS, kunye nendlela iqabane elinolwazi lokuthuthwa kwempahla elinokuyenza lula ngayo le nkqubo.
I-Austria njengeLungu leeRhafu ze-EU: Oko kuthetha ntoni kuwe ngokwenene
Xa uthumela iimveliso e-Austria awujongani negunya leempahla zelizwe elinye kuphela – ujoyina yonke imanyano yamasiko ye-European Union. I-Austria yamkela imithetho yokungenisa i-EU xa yajoyina ngo-1995, kwaye ngoku yonke imisebenzi yamasiko ilawulwa yi-Union Customs Code (UCC), kwaye iirhafu ziqokelelwa ngokuhambelana ne-Common External Tariff (CET) ye-EU, epapashwe ngenkqubo ye-TARIC.
Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba iimveliso ezidlula kwizibuko elikhulu le-EU ezifana neHamburg eJamani okanye iKoper eSlovenia zinokuthunyelwa e-Austria ngaphandle kweenkqubo ezongezelelweyo zerhafu. Imithwalo emininzi evela eTshayina isuswa ngerhafu kwizibuko lokungena laseYurophu, endaweni yokuba ithunyelwe kwilizwe lase-Austria. Ukuthunyelwa kuhamba ngololiwe okanye ngelori ukuya eVienna, eGraz okanye eLinz. Ukwazi uthungelwano lwezinto ezithuthwayo kubalulekile, njengoko kuchaza ukuba yeyiphi iofisi yerhafu eza kujongana nesibhengezo sakho, kunye nemithetho ye-VAT yelizwe esebenza kuyo ekuqaleni ngaphambi kokuba iimveliso zingene kwilizwe lase-Austria.
Igunya elifanelekileyo lemicimbi yezerhafu zase-Austria yiZollamt Österreich (iOfisi yezerhafu zase-Austria) ephantsi kweBundesministerium für Finanzen (uMphathiswa wezeMali kaRhulumente). Kwabangenisi bezorhwebo, zonke izibhengezo zenziwa ngekhompyutha kusetyenziswa i-Automated Import System (AIS) e-Austria, eqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yezerhafu kulo lonke i-EU.
Imisebenzi, iiRhafu, kunye nendlela yokubala iindleko zakho zokufika
Ulwakhiwo lweendleko oluneziteya ezintathu
Zonke iinqanawa ezithunyelwayo zorhwebo ezivela eTshayina ukuya e-Austria ziphantsi kolwakhiwo lweendleko eziphindwe kathathu: irhafu yerhafu, irhafu yexabiso elongeziweyo (i-VAT), kwaye, kwezinye iindidi zeemveliso, irhafu yempahla ethengiswayo. Ukwazi indlela ezihlanganiswa ngayo kubalulekile ekucwangcisweni ngokuchanekileyo kweendleko zokufika.
Umrhumo werhafu ubalwa ngokwexabiso le-CIF leemveliso, oko kukuthi, Ixabiso leempahla + i-inshurensi + uThutho oluya kwizibuko lokungena le-EU. Izinga elifanelekileyo lomrhumo lisekelwe kwikhowudi ye-TARIC enamanani ali-10 yemveliso. Nje ukuba umrhumo ubalwe, i-VAT yongezwa phezu kwexabiso elipheleleyo elidibeneyo: ixabiso le-CIF kunye nomrhumo werhafu. Esi siphumo sokudibanisa sesinye sezizathu zokuba iimveliso ezinomthwalo ophezulu zibize kakhulu kunokuba abathumeli bempahla belindele ekuqaleni.
Amaxabiso eVAT
Inkqubo ye-VAT yase-Austria ineentlobo ezintathu. Iipesenti ezingama-20 zerhafu zibangela uninzi lwezinto ezingeniswa eTshayina. Kukho iirhafu ezimbini ezincitshisiweyo kwiindidi ezithile:
| Ixabiso leVAT | izinga | IiMpahla eziSebenzayo |
| Umgangatho oMiselweyo | 20% | Uninzi lweempahla ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe (izixhobo ze-elektroniki, impahla, oomatshini, njl.njl.) |
| Ireyithi eNcitshisiweyo | 13% | Amatikiti obugcisa, iwayini, i-cinema |
| Ireyithi eNcitshisiweyo | 10% | Ukutya, iincwadi, amayeza, izithuthi zabakhweli |
Ii-Thresholds ze-De Minimis — Umthetho Omangalisa Abathengisi Be-E-Commerce
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo, kwaye zihlala zingaqondwa kakuhle, zokungenisa e-Austria yinkqubo yokumisela i-de minimis. Kwimpahla ethengiswayo enexabiso elingaphezulu kwe-€150, kuya kusetyenziswa umrhumo werhafu kuphela. Akukho ntlawulo ihlawulwayo ngale nto. I-VAT de minimis ayi-euro, nangona kunjalo, ngoko ke lonke ishishini elingenisayo liphantsi kwe-VAT nokuba ixabiso layo lingakanani na.
| Uhlobo lwe-Threshold | ixabiso | Intsingiselo |
| Umrhumo weMinimis weCustoms | €150 | Akukho rhafu yempahla erhafiswayo engaphantsi kweli xabiso |
| I-VAT De Minimis | €0 | I-VAT ihlala isebenza nokuba ixabiso lokuthunyelwa lithini |
| Umda we-IOSS (B2C) | ≤€150 | Umthengisi uqokelela i-VAT kwindawo yokuthengisa nge-IOSS scheme |
Kubathengisi be-e-commerce be-B2C abathumela iipasela zomntu ngamnye ze-€150 okanye ngaphantsi, inkqubo ye-EU ye-Import One-Stop Shop (IOSS) inikezela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo. I-VAT iqokelelwa kwindawo yokuthengisa kwaye umthengisi uyithumela ngqo kwi-EU tax authorities, okukhawulezisa ukucocwa kwerhafu kwaye kuthintele umthengi ekuhlawuleni i-VAT kwakhona kumda. Ukuba ungumthengisi othumela izinto ezingaphezu kwe-€150 kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba irhafu kunye ne-VAT zigutyungelwe sisibhengezo serhafu ngexesha lokungenisa.
Amaxabiso eMirhumo yeKhowudi ye-HS eqhelekileyo kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zaseTshayina
I-2025 EU Combined Nomenclature yongeze ezinye izihloko ezincinci ze-granular kwiindidi zeemveliso eziphezulu, kuquka izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye neebhetri. Kwabathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina ikhowudi ye-TARIC efanelekileyo enamanani ali-10 ibalulekile. Ukwahlulahlula ngokweenkcukacha kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo ezifikelela kwi-30% yexabiso leempahla kunye nayo nayiphi na irhafu efunekayo. Nazi ezinye izahluko ze-HS eziqhelekileyo ezibalulekileyo kurhwebo lwe-China-Austria:
| Isahluko se-HS | Udidi lweMveliso | Ixabiso loMsebenzi oQhelekileyo |
| Isahluko 85 | Izixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo zombane | 0% –3.7% |
| Isahluko 61–64 | Impahla, impahla, izihlangu | 6.5% –12% |
| Isahluko 94 | Ifenitshala kunye neebhedi | 2.7% –5.6% |
| Isahluko 95 | Izinto zokudlala kunye nemidlalo | 2.7% –4.7% |
| Isahluko 39 | Iiplastiki kunye nezinto zazo | 3.2% –6.5% |
| Isahluko 73 | Izinto zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi | 2.7% –3.7% |
| Isahluko 8507 | Iibhetri zeLithium-ion (zihlaziywe ngo-2025) | 0% –2.7% |
Izihlokwana ezintsha neziphuculweyo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion (HS 8507) ngo-2025 luphuhliso olukhulu kubavelisi beebhetri baseTshayina kunye nabathumeli bezixhobo ze-elektroniki, abathumela ngakumbi kubathengi baseYurophu.
Amaxwebhu afunekayo: Fumana oku ngendlela engafanelekanga uze ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuyeke
Kwishishini ngalinye elingeniswayo elivela eTshayina, amasiko ase-Austrian - kunye nenkqubo yerhafu ye-EU ngokubanzi - zifuna iseti ethile yamaphepha. Isizathu esiphezulu sokuba ukuthunyelwa kwamasiko kulibaziseke kwaye kugcinwe ngamaphepha angekhoyo okanye aneempazamo. Ngokukodwa, bajonga ngokusondeleyo i-invoyisi yorhwebo. Ubuxoki ngexabiso eliphantsi ukuze kuthintelwe iirhafu kuthetha ukubaleka irhafu, kwaye amasiko ajonga rhoqo amaxabiso afunwayo ngokuchasene nedatha yemarike kunye neendawo zorhwebo lwe-e.
| Uxwebhu | Iimfuno eziphambili |
| I-invoyisi yentengiso | Kufuneka ibandakanye: ulwazi lomthengisi/umthengi, inkcazo eneenkcukacha zeempahla, ikhowudi ye-HS, ixabiso leyunithi, ixabiso lilonke kwi-EUR, ilizwe lemvelaphi, i-Incoterms |
| Uluhlu lokupakisha | Inani leebhokisi, ubunzima obupheleleyo/obupheleleyo ngephakheji nganye, ubukhulu |
| IBill of Lading / AWB | Ikhutshwe ngumthwali; kufuneka ihambelane neenkcukacha ze-invoyisi |
| Isibhengezo seCustoms (SAD) | Uxwebhu olunye loLawulo olufakwe nge-elektroniki nge-AIS yase-Austria (iNkqubo yokungenisa ezenzekelayo) |
| Isatifikethi semvelaphi | Imfuneko kwiibango zomsebenzi okhethekileyo; Ifomu A ye-GSP |
| Amaxwebhu okuMakisha/okuhambelana neCE | Kuyimfuneko ukuthenga izinto ze-elektroniki, iithoyi, oomatshini, iiPPE ezithengiswa kwimarike ye-EU |
| Inombolo ye-EORI | Ubhaliso kunye nokuchongwa kwabaSebenzi bezoQoqosho be-EU — luyimfuneko kubo bonke abangenisi bezorhwebo |
Izinto ezimbalwa kolu luhlu zifuna isaziso esikhethekileyo. Inombolo ye-EORI (Ubhaliso kunye nokuchongwa kwabaSebenzi bezoQoqosho) yimfuneko enyanzelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkampani engenisa iimpahla zorhwebo kwi-EU. Uyayidinga ukuze ukhulule ukuthunyelwa kwakho. Ukuba ungumthengi wase-Austria okanye inkampani ekwi-EU, kufuneka ubhalise i-EORI kulawulo lwerhafu yase-Austria ngaphambi kokungenisa kwakho okokuqala. Abathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina abathumela ngemigaqo ye-DDP bahlala besebenzisana ne-EORI ngommeli wabo wezezimali we-EU okanye umthengisi werhafu.
Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinto ze-elektroniki, izinto zokudlala kunye noomatshini eTshayina kukwadibana nomnye umqobo oqhelekileyo: uphawu lwe-CE. Ileyibhile ye-CE ibonisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana neemfuno ze-EU zempilo, ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Iimveliso ezineleyibhile ye-CE zingathengiswa ngokukhululekileyo kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EU, ngaphandle kovavanyo olongezelelweyo lwesizwe. Ngaphandle kwayo, iindidi zeemveliso ezingavumelekanga zinokuthathwa emdeni. Ngokuhlolwa ngakumbi kwezinto ze-elektroniki zabathengi kunye nezinto zokudlala zabantwana ezenziwe eTshayina, amaxwebhu okuthobela i-CE kufuneka agqitywe kwangethuba ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe.
Iimpahla Ezingavumelekanga Nezithintelweyo: Izinto Ezingenakungena e-Austria
I-Austria ibona ukuvinjelwa kokungeniswa kwempahla kwi-EU, okwenziwa ngeenkqubo ze-PROHI (Import Suspension) kunye ne-RSTR (Import Restriction) zenkqubo ye-TARIC; Iindidi ezifanelekileyo nezithintelweyo zabathumeli ngaphandle baseTshayina zezi zilandelayo.
ISivumelwano soRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe kwiintlobo ezisengozini yokutshabalala (i-CITES) sithintela ngokupheleleyo iimveliso ezenziwe ngezilwanyana ezikhuselweyo okanye ezivela kwizilwanyana ezisengozini yokutshabalala. Oku kuquka uphondo lwendlovu, iqokobhe lofudu, ikorale, izikhumba zezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kunye neentlobo ezithile zemithi enzima yasetropiki. Amagunya erhafu e-Austria nakwiindawo zokungena ngaphakathi kwe-EU ahlola ezo mpahla, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwazo kusengozini yokubanjwa kunye neentlawulo zolwaphulo-mthetho.
Izixhobo, iimveliso zomkhosi kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kabini zifuna imvume ekhethekileyo yokungenisa impahla. Ezi zilawulwa yi-Austria phantsi koluhlu lwe-Wassenaar Arrangement. Abathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina abathumela izixhobo zoshishino, isoftware okanye iteknoloji enokuthi isetyenziswe kabini bayacetyiswa ukuba bajonge ukuba bayafuna na ukufumana ilayisenisi yokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe kwiigunya zaseTshayina nokuba bayafuna na ukufumana ilayisenisi yokungenisa impahla yase-Austria. Ukungafumani ilayisenisi efunekayo kukwaphulwa komthetho okukhulu.
Izilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nezityalo ezithile zifuna iziqinisekiso zogqirha wezilwanyana kunye nococeko lwezityalo. Iimveliso zokutya kufuneka zihambelane nomthetho wokhuseleko lokutya we-EU kwaye zibhalwe ngokufanelekileyo ngesiJamani. Izinto okanye iimpahla zomgunyathi eziphula amalungelo obunini bobukrelekrele be-EU zithathwa emdeni ziinkqubo zokunyanzeliswa kwerhafu ye-EU - inkxalabo ekhulayo kubathengisi baseTshayina beempahla ezinophawu okanye ezibonakala ngathi zinophawu.
Ezinye iimveliso zezolimo ziphantsi kolawulo lwelayisenisi yokungenisa njengoko kuchaziwe phantsi komthetho wezolimo we-EU. Nangona i-Austria ingakuthinteli ukungeniswa kwenyama okanye iimveliso zobisi ezivela kwimpahla evela kumazwe angamalungu e-EU, zonke iimpahla ezivela eTshayina ziphantsi kweenkqubo eziqatha zokuqinisekiswa kwezempilo ezenza ukungeniswa kokutya okucutshungulwayo kube nzima kakhulu.
Iinketho zokuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eOstriya
I-Austria ayinazibuko lazo, ngoko ke imithwalo yaselwandle evela eTshayina ifika ngezibuko zaseYurophu ize ihambe ngololiwe okanye ngendlela. Imizila yokungena exhaphakileyo yemithwalo yaseTshayina nase-Austria yiHamburg (eJamani), Rotterdam (eNetherlands), Koper (eSlovenia) kunye neTrieste (e-Italy). Isikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseVienna (VIE) siphatha imithwalo yomoya. Kukho iindleko ezahlukeneyo, uthutho kunye nokulandelwa kwemithetho kwindlela nganye:
| ifashoni | Ixesha lokuhamba | Eyona ilungiselelwe | Izibuko lokungena |
| FCL Ulwandle uLwandle | Iintsuku eziyi-25-35 | Imithwalo emikhulu, izikhongozeli ezingama-20ft/40ft | IHamburg, iKoper, iTrieste |
| LCL uThutho loLwandle | Iintsuku eziyi-30-40 | Umthamo omncinci ukuya kophakathi, uguquguqukayo | eHamburg, eRotterdam |
| Uloyiko lomoya | Iintsuku eziyi-5-7 | Ixabiso eliphezulu, imithwalo yempahla yexesha | Isikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseVienna (VIE) |
| I-DDP (Umnyango ukuya emnyango) | Kuya | Inkonzo ye-elektroniki, ebandakanya konke | Indawo yokugcina impahla yabangenisi |
Kwimithwalo emikhulu, imithwalo yaselwandle iseyeyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu. Imithwalo epheleleyo yesikhongozeli (i-FCL) yinkqubo yokusebenzisa isitya esingama-20ft okanye ama-40ft kuphela kwishishini lakho, kwaye ngokubanzi icetyiswa kwiimpahla ezixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-USD $20,000 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-15 cubic metres. Xa uthutha imithwalo engaphantsi kwesikhongozeli (i-LCL), imithwalo yakho idityaniswa neyabanye abathuthi, nto leyo engabizi kakhulu ukuba uthutha imithwalo ephantsi kodwa yongeza ixesha lokudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa kwicala ngalinye.
Ababoneleli be-e-commerce abanqumla imida kubathengi base-Austria baya beguqukela kwi-DDP (Delivered Duty Payed). Phantsi kwe-DDP, umthengisi waseTshayina okanye iqabane lakhe lezothutho linoxanduva lwazo zonke iirhafu zerhafu, iirhafu kunye neerhafu, ukuhambisa izinto emnyango womthengi ngaphandle kwezinye iindleko. Le modeli yenza amava omthengi abe lula kakhulu kodwa ifuna ukuba umthengisi okanye iarhente yakhe ibe ne-EU EORI kwaye inyamekele ubhaliso lwe-VAT okanye ukuthotyelwa kwe-IOSS - kulapho iqabane elinamava lezothutho libaluleka khona.
Ezona mpazamo zibiza kakhulu ezenziwa ngabathumeli bempahla eTshayina - kunye nendlela yokuziphepha
Emva kokusebenza ne-China-Europe freight iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, iipatheni zeempazamo aziguquguquki. Eyona mpazamo ibiza kakhulu kukubeka izinto ngokweenkcukacha phantsi kwekhowudi ye-HS engalunganga, nokuba ngengozi okanye ngabom. Amagunya eerhafu e-Austria nase-EU anyuse umgangatho wokujonga ngokuzenzekelayo phakathi kweekhowudi ze-HS ezichaziweyo kunye neenkcazo kwii-invoyisi zeshishini ngo-2025. Ukungafani kukhokelela ekuhlolweni kweengxelo kunye nezohlwayo zinokufikelela kwi-30% yexabiso lezinto - ngaphezu kweerhafu ezifunekayo.
Ingxaki yesibini eqhelekileyo kukungaxatyiswa kwexabiso leemveliso kwi-invoyisi yorhwebo. Oku kukukhwabanisa nje irhafu, kwaye amagosa erhafu ayazi kakuhle amaxabiso emarike eempahla eziqhelekileyo zaseTshayina. Bajonga ixabiso elichaziweyo ngokuchasene needathabheyisi, iinkqubo zorhwebo lwe-elektroniki kunye nedatha yokuthunyelwa kwempahla yembali. Kumashishini asemthethweni umngcipheko wokufunyanwa (kunye nomonakalo obangelwa ligama kunye nokufakwa kuluhlu lwabamnyama) ungaphezulu kakhulu kolondolozo lwerhafu lwexesha elifutshane.
Ingxaki yesithathu eqhubekayo kukungabikho kwamaxwebhu aneleyo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokubanjwa kwempahla erhangqwe kwiizibuko zokungena zaseYurophu lulwazi olungekhoyo okanye oluphikisanayo phakathi kwe-invoyisi yeshishini, uluhlu lokupakisha kunye ne-bill of lading. Nokuba umahluko kwinani leeyunithi okanye inkcazo engachanekanga yezinto - 'iimpahla' okanye 'impahla' endaweni yegama lemveliso ethile - inokugcina imvume kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki njengoko iofisi yempahla icela ulwazi oluthe kratya. Imeko iba mandundu ukuba awuphenduli ngokukhawuleza kumbuzo wempahla erhangqwe ...
Umzekelo, abathengisi bempahla abancinci baseTshayina kunye nabaqhubi be-e-commerce abazikhathazi ngokumakisha i-CE kunye nemigaqo yokuhambelana kwemveliso ye-EU de izinto zabo zibe semdeni. Awunakufumana amaxwebhu okuhambelana nemveliso emva kokuba iimveliso zisemdeni, ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Izibhengezo ze-CE ezingesemthethweni ziya kukhokelela ekubeni izixhobo ze-elektroniki, iithoyi, iimveliso zonyango kunye nezixhobo zokuzikhusela zomntu zibanjwe okanye zitshatyalaliswe.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kweenqanawa Eziphezulu Okuyenza Lula Ngayo I-China-Austria Logistics Yakho
Nokuba kukuhlelwa kweTARIC kunye nokubhaliswa kwe-IOSS, okanye ukulungelelaniswa kokuthobela i-CE kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-DDP, ukuhamba ngeenkqubo zerhafu zase-Austria kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima owenziwa lula ngoncedo olunobuchule. Nantsi apho iTopway Shipping ingena khona.
Ukususela ngo-2010, iTopway Shipping eseShenzhen ibingumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida. Yasekwa liqela elinamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwerhafu, iTopway Shipping ifumene ulwazi oluninzi kwiinkcukacha-manani zolawulo kunye nokusebenza ezibandakanyekayo ekuthuthweni kwempahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwiindawo zehlabathi.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kweTshayina ne-US yeyona nto iphambili kwiTopway. Ngaphezu koko, iinkonzo zayo zigubungela lonke uthotho lwezothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka uthutho oluhamba phambili oluvela kwimizi-mveliso yaseTshayina, kunye nolunye urhwebo lwangaphandle. ukugcina, ukususwa kweempahla ngokweengcali, kunye nokuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo okuhamba ngeenyawo. I-Topway inezisombululo eziguquguqukayo zokuthutha imithwalo yolwandle kwimithwalo ye-Full Container Load (FCL) kunye ne-Less-than-Container-Load (LCL) evela eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu aseYurophu kubathumeli abathumela impahla e-Austria nakwimarike yaseYurophu ngokubanzi. Nokuba uthumela ipallet okanye isitya esipheleleyo, sinikezela ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo kunye nenkonzo ethembekileyo.
Kumashishini abandakanyeka kurhwebo lwe-e-commerce oluwela imida, ubuchule beTopway kwiinkqubo zokususwa kwempahla bubaluleke kakhulu. Bayazi kakuhle imithetho ye-EU, ukuthotyelwa kwe-IOSS kwempahla engeniswayo ye-B2C enexabiso eliphantsi kunye neemfuno zamaxwebhu ezahlula ukususwa kwempahla ngokulula kokuhlala okubizayo. Ukuthunyelwa kweTopway yindawo enye yokunxibelelana. Asibashiyi abathumeli ukuba bazifumanele indlela yabo yokungena kwindawo engaziwayo yokulawula - sinyamekela uthotho lwezinto zokuhamba ukusuka kwisango lomzi-mveliso womthengisi wakho ukuya emnyango womthengi wakho wase-Austria.
I-Topway Shipping yingcali yezothutho enamava okukunceda wandise imisebenzi yakho yokuthumela impahla e-China-Austria, uphephe ukulibaziseka, iindleko zomsebenzi ezingalindelekanga okanye iingxaki zokuthobela imithetho, kwaye wenze uthotho lwakho lokuhambisa impahla lusebenze ngcono kwaye imivuzo yakho ikhuseleke ngakumbi.
isiphelo
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-Austria kunzima kakhulu kunokubhukisha nje isikhongozeli nokuthumela i-invoyisi. Kufuna ulwazi olusebenzayo lomthetho werhafu ye-EU, ukuhlelwa kwe-HS okuchanekileyo, amaxwebhu acokisekileyo, ukuthotyelwa kwe-VAT kuquka ne-IOSS yorhwebo lwe-e-commerce kunye nolwazi lokuba iimpahla ezingavumelekanga nezithintelweyo zisetyenziswa njani kwimida ye-EU. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba umgaqo-nkqubo uqinile kodwa uyaqikelelwa. Landela imithetho kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuya kuhamba ngokulula; ungayithobeli kwaye uya kuhlawula kakhulu xa ulibaziseka, uhlawuliswa kwaye ubanjwe yimpahla.
Eli lizwe lithatha ngokuthe ngcembe isabelo esikhulu sempahla engeniswa eTshayina, ukusuka kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye neempahla zelaphu ukuya kwifenitshala kunye nezixhobo zoshishino, kwaye abangenisi abaphumeleleyo baya kuba ngabo baqala ukuthobela imithetho ukususela ngosuku lokuqala. Nokuba ungumthumeli-mhlaba okokuqala e-Austria, okanye ungumthengisi odumileyo waseTshayina owandisa umsebenzi wakho waseYurophu, ukuqonda amasiko akunyanzelekanga. Yisiseko esakhelwe phezu kwaso yonke enye into.
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ufunde yonke imfuneko ngokwakho kunye namaqabane anamava kwezothutho afana neTopway Shipping. Kodwa kuyafuneka uyazi kakuhle ijografi ukuze ubuze imibuzo efunekayo, ubone izibane ezibomvu, kwaye wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nendlela iimpahla zakho ezifika ngayo e-Austria zivela eTshayina. Esi sikhokelo sikunika eso siseko.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (FAQs)
Q: Ngaba ndifuna inombolo ye-EORI ukuze ndingenise iimpahla e-Austria ezivela eTshayina?
A: Ewe. Zonke izinto ezingenisa ngorhwebo kwi-EU, kuquka ne-Austria, kufuneka zibe nenombolo ye-EORI esebenzayo. Ngaphandle kwayo isibhengezo sakho seerhafu asinakucutshungulwa kwaye iimpahla zakho ziya kugcinwa. Ngaphakathi kwi-EU, abathengi babhalisa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Zollamt Österreich. Abathengisi baseTshayina abathumela impahla phantsi kwemigaqo ye-DDP badla ngokuququzelela i-EORI ngommeli wezemali we-EU.
Q: Ingaba i-VAT ihlala ihlawuliswa kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa e-Austria ezivela eTshayina, kwanakwiimpahla ezinexabiso eliphantsi?
A: Ewe. Ngokungafaniyo nerhafu yerhafu, ekhutshwayo xa kuthunyelwa izinto ezingaphantsi kwe-€150 okanye ngaphantsi, i-VAT inomda ophantsi we-zero euros, oko kuthetha ukuba isebenza kuyo yonke into engeniswayo kurhwebo nokuba ixabiso lingakanani na. Abathengisi banokusebenzisa isicwangciso se-IOSS se-EU ukuqokelela nokuthumela i-VAT kwindawo yokuthengisa izinto ezithunyelwayo ze-B2C e-commerce ezingaphantsi kwe-€150.
Q: Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndihlela iimpahla zam phantsi kwekhowudi ye-HS engalunganga?
A: Ukungahlelwa kakuhle kwezinto kunokubangela isohlwayo se-30% yexabiso lezinto, kunye neerhafu ezingahlawulwanga ngokwaneleyo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, iimpahla zingathathwa. Soloko ubuza ingcali yerhafu okanye umthengisi ukuqinisekisa ikhowudi yakho ye-TARIC enamanani ali-10 ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe.
Q: Ndingathumela izixhobo ze-elektroniki ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-Austria ngaphandle kophawu lwe-CE?
A: Hayi. Ii-elektroniki, iiToys, oomatshini kunye nezinye iindidi zeemveliso ezilawulwayo zifuna ukuba uphawu lwe-CE luthengiswe kwimarike ye-EU. Iimveliso apho uxwebhu oluhambelana ne-CE oluhambelanayo kunye nolwe-conformity alufumanekiyo zinokugcinwa kwaye/okanye zitshatyalaliswe emdeni. Ukuthobela i-CE kufuneka kulungiselelwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwaye kungabi emva koko.
Q: Lingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuhamba ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-Austria?
A: Ixesha lokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aseYurophu (eHamburg, eKoper, eTrieste) limalunga neentsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-35. Nika iintsuku ezi-2-5 zokuthutha ukuya kwizixeko zase-Austria. Ukuthunyelwa ngenqwelomoya ukuya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseVienna kudla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezi-5-7 ukusuka kwiindawo ezinkulu zomoya zaseTshayina.
Q: Kuthetha ukuthini ukuthunyelwa kwe-DDP kwaye ingaba kufanelekile e-Austria?
A: I-DDP (Delivered Duty Payed) ithetha ukuba umthengisi unoxanduva lwazo zonke iirhafu zerhafu, iifizi kunye neerhafu, kwaye uhambisa iimveliso kwindawo yomthengi ngaphandle kweentlawulo ezongezelelweyo. Ilungele ukuthunyelwa kwe-e-commerce e-Austria, kodwa umthengisi okanye iqabane lakhe lezothutho kufuneka libe ne-EU EORI kwaye linyamekele ukuthotyelwa kwe-VAT kwicala le-EU.
