Ukuthunyelwa kwe-VAT yokungenisa impahla yaseJamani kunye nokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL: Indlela yokubala ixabiso lakho lokwenyani lokufika
intshayelelo
Xa bethenga izinto ezivela eTshayina ukuya eJamani, uninzi lwabangenisi bajonga ixabiso kuphela. Balwa nzima malunga namaxabiso efektri, bajonge amabhidi ambalwa okuthumela, baze bakholelwe ukuba yonke into iza kulunga echwebeni. Ukuba ucinga oko, wenza enye yezona mpazamo zibiza kakhulu onokuzenza kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Inyani yile yokuba xa ukuthunyelwa kwakho kufikelela kwindawo yokugcina impahla yaseJamani, ixabiso lokugqibela linokuba ngaphezulu nge-50% ukuya kwi-80% kunelo ulihlawulele umthengisi. I-VAT yokungenisa eJamani yi-19% kwizinto ezininzi, kwaye le rhafu ayixhomekekanga kwixabiso lempahla kuphela; ikwasekelwe kwixabiso lokuthunyelwa, i-inshurensi, kunye neentlawulo zerhafu. Ukuba umbutho wakho uthumela imithwalo epheleleyo yeekhonteyina (i-FCL) evela eTshayina, kufuneka wazi yonke i-landed cost equation. Oku kuthetha umahluko phakathi komgca wemveliso owenza imali kunye nalowo utya kancinci kancinci imali yakho.
Esi sifundo sigubungela indlela yokufumana ixabiso lokufika kwempahla ethunyelwa yi-FCL eJamani, indlela esebenza ngayo i-VAT yokungenisa impahla yaseJamani ngo-2025-2026, kunye nendlela yokucwangcisa izinto zakho ukuze kungabikho zimanga kumda.
Ukuqonda i-VAT yaseJamani yokuNgenisa izinto ngaphandle (Einfuhrumsatzsteuer)
I-VAT yokungenisa impahla, okanye i-Einfuhrumsatzsteuer (EUSt) ngesiJamani, isebenza kwizinto eziza eJamani zivela kwilizwe elingekho kwi-EU, njengeTshayina. Amaxabiso ayafana, kodwa oku akufani ne-VAT eqhelekileyo kwintengiso e-US. Igunya leerhafu laseJamani (iZoll) liqokelela i-VAT yokungenisa impahla, hayi iofisi yerhafu. Le rhafu iqala xa iimpahla zingeniswa kweli lizwe, hayi xa zithengiswa.
Izinga eliqhelekileyo le-VAT yokungenisa impahla eJamani yi-19%. Eli zinga lisebenza kwiimpahla ezininzi zorhwebo, ezifana nezixhobo ze-elektroniki, oomatshini, iimpahla, ifenitshala, kunye neemveliso zabathengi. Ezinye izinto, ezinje ngeencwadi, iimagazini, kunye nezinye izinto zokutya, zihlawuliswa irhafu ngexabiso eliphantsi le-7%. Akukho tshintsho lubhengeziweyo kolu lwakhiwo lwamaxabiso ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2025 ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2026.
Isishwankathelo seNqanaba le-VAT laseJamani
| udidi | Ixabiso leVAT | Imizekelo eqhelekileyo |
| Umgangatho oMiselweyo | 19% | Izixhobo zombane, impahla, oomatshini, uninzi lweempahla |
| Ireyithi eNcitshisiweyo | 7% | Iincwadi, amaphephandaba, iimveliso zokutya, iindawo zokuhlala ehotele |
| Izinga leZero / Ukukhululwa | 0% | Iinkonzo ezithile zemali kunye ne-inshurensi |
I-VAT yokungenisa impahla isekelwe kwixabiso leempahla ezithengiswayo kunye nomrhumo wempahla ezithengiswayo, kungekuphela nje kwixabiso leemveliso. Le yinto abantu abaninzi abaqalayo ukuyingenisa abangayiqondiyo. Ngenxa yesi siphumo sidibeneyo, umthwalo wakho we-VAT wokwenyani ungaphezulu kwe-19% yesixa se-invoyisi. Abasemagunyeni baseJamani basebenzisa ixabiso le-CIF (Ixabiso, i-Inshurensi, i-Freight) ukuze bafumane ukuba kufuneka babize malini. Le yimali ehlawulwayo yemveliso, iindleko zokuzithumela kwamanye amazwe, kunye neprimiyamu ye-inshurensi.
Amashishini abhalisele i-VAT aze angenise izinto ukuze ziphinde zithengiswe okanye zisetyenziswe kwishishini lawo anokufumana i-VAT yokungenisa ayihlawulileyo ngokufaka ingxelo yawo ye-VAT rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba yinto yemali engenayo endaweni yeendleko ezisisigxina, kodwa ixesha libalulekile kuba irhafu kufuneka ifumane intlawulo ye-VAT ngaphambi kokuba iimveliso zikhutshwe, kwaye ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwenzeka kumjikelo owahlukileyo. Ukuba awubhaliselanga i-VAT, awunakufumana i-VAT yokungenisa, oko kuthetha ukuba yindleko yokwenyani.
I-EU yasusa i-€22 de minimis bar ye-VAT yokungenisa ngoJulayi 2021. Oku kuthetha ukuba yonke into eziswe kwi-EU ivela kwilizwe elingelilo ilungu ngoku inoxanduva lokungenisa i-VAT, nokuba ibiza malini na. Inkqubo ye-Import One-Stop-Shop (IOSS) ivumela abathengisi ukuba baqokelele kwaye bahlawule i-VAT kwizinto ezixabisa ngaphantsi kwe-€150 kwi-e-commerce ye-B2C. Kodwa kwiimpahla zeshishini ze-FCL, inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuhlawula i-VAT kunye nokubhengeza amasiko isebenza ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuthunyelwa kweFCL ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eJamani: Oko Uhlawulela Khona
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla nge-Full Container Load (FCL) yeyona ndlela iphambili iTshayina neJamani ezirhweba ngayo ngobuninzi. I-FCL yeyona ndlela ilungileyo xa impahla yakho ingaphezulu kwe-12–15 CBM okanye ufuna uxolo lwengqondo oluza nokuba nesikhongozeli esizinikeleyo. Uhlawula intlawulo emiselweyo yesikhongozeli sonke, nokuba yi-20ft, 40ft, okanye 40ft High Cube. Akunamsebenzi ukuba usebenzisa igumbi elingakanani na ngokwenene. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungathembela kwixabiso, amaxesha okuthutha akhawuleza kune-LCL, kwaye amathuba okonakala okanye ukungcola ngenxa yokulayisha kunye.
IShanghai, iNingbo, iShenzhen (Yantian/Shekou), iQingdao, iGuangzhou, kunye neTianjin zezona zibuko ziphambili zaseTshayina apho imithwalo yeFCL iya khona eJamani. IHamburg yeyona ndawo ibalulekileyo yokungena eJamani, iphatha iikhonteyina ezininzi kunayo nayiphi na enye izibuko laseJamani. IBremen/Bremerhaven lolunye ukhetho oluphambili, ngakumbi kwiimpahla ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso kunye neemoto.
Iintlobo zeeContainer zeFCL kunye noLuhlu lweeNqanaba zangoku (2025–2026)
| Uhlobo lweContainer | isikhundla | Ixabiso eliphakathi (eTshayina-eJamani) | Ixesha lokuhamba |
| 20ft umgangatho | ~25 CBM / 22,000 kg | $ 1,500 - $ 3,000 | Iintsuku eziyi-28-38 |
| 40ft umgangatho | ~55 CBM / 26,500 kg | $ 2,500 - $ 4,500 | Iintsuku eziyi-28-40 |
| 40ft High Cube | ~68 CBM / 26,500 kg | $ 3,500 - $ 5,500 | Iintsuku eziyi-28-40 |
Ixabiso elisisiseko lokuthutha liyinxalenye enye nje yento omele uyityale. Amaxabiso okuthutha elwandle aziwa ngokungabandakanyi iifizi ezongezelelweyo eziqokelelana ngokukhawuleza. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa ezona ndleko ziqhelekileyo ezongezelelweyo ekufuneka uzicwangcisele xa ufumanisa ixabiso lakho lokuthumela le-FCL.
Iintlawulo eziQhelekileyo ze-FCL kwiBhajethi ye
| Intlawulelo enkulu | inkcazelo | Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo |
| BAF | I-Bunker Adjustment Factor – intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yeendleko zepetroli | $100–$400/TEU |
| THC | Intlawulo yokuphatha isiphelo sendlela apho imvelaphi/indawo eya khona | $150–$300/TEU |
| I-PSS | Intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yexesha lonyaka (ngesiqhelo kwi-Q3–Q4) | $200–$600/TEU |
| Umrhumo woxwebhu | Ibhili yemithwalo kunye namaphepha eerhafu | $ 50- $ 150 |
| Demurrage | Ukugcinwa kweekhonteyina echwebeni ngaphaya kweentsuku zasimahla | $ 100 + / ngosuku |
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eHamburg kudla ngokuthatha phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-28 ukuya kwezingama-40, kuxhomekeke kwizibuko lokuhamba, indlela yomgca wokuthumela, kunye nokuba kukho naziphi na izibuko zokuthumela iinqanawa endleleni. Uninzi lweenqanawa zaseTshayina-eYurophu zisadlula kwiSuez Canal. Ngo-2024, iingxaki kuLwandle oluBomvu zanyanzela ezinye izithuthi ukuba zijikeleze iCape of Good Hope, nto leyo yongeze iintsuku ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-12 kunye ne-$300 ukuya kwi-$500 kwisikhongozeli ngasinye kwiindleko ezongezelelweyo zepetroli. Le meko iqhubekile nokuchaphazela amaxabiso okuthutha ukuya kutsho ngo-2025.
Ifomula yeendleko ezifikelelweyo: Ukubalwa kweNyathelo ngeNyathelo
Ixabiso lokufika lixabiso lilonke lokuthumela imveliso ukusuka kumvelisi ukuya kwindawo yakho yokugcina impahla okanye kwindawo yokusasaza eJamani. Ngaphambi kokuba ubeke ixabiso lemveliso, kufuneka ulazi eli nani, kungekhona emva kokuba ukuthunyelwa kufike. Kukho amanqanaba amaninzi kule ndlela kuba irhafu yaseJamani ihlawulisa i-VAT ngaphezu kwexabiso lemveliso kuphela.
Inyathelo 1: Misela ixabiso le-CIF
Ixabiso leempahla zaseJamani liqala nge-CIF (Ixabiso, i-Inshurensi, i-Freight). Ixabiso leempahla ze-FOB, ixabiso lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kunye i-inshurensi yempahla Iprimiyamu kufuneka yongezwe yonke. Le yinombolo esetyenziswa yiZoll ukumisela ukuba ingakanani irhafu yerhafu ekufuneka ihlawuliswe.
INyathelo 2: Bala uMsebenzi weRhafu
Sebenzisa izinga elifanelekileyo lerhafu kwixabiso le-CIF. Ikhowudi ye-HS (Harmonized System) yeempahla zakho kunye nelizwe apho zivela khona zigqiba amaxabiso erhafu. Isiseko sedatha se-EU TARIC kunye nenkqubo ye-EZT-online yaseJamani zombini zikuvumela ukuba ujonge amaxabiso. Amaxabiso eempahla ezivela eTshayina adla ngokuqala kwi-0% (kwezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezinto ezikrwada) ukuya kwi-12% nangaphezulu kwiimpahla kunye nempahla. Ezinye iintlobo zeempahla zinemisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla impahla ukongeza kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Bala isiseko se-VAT yokungenisa
Ixabiso le-CIF kunye nentlawulo yerhafu ehlawulweyo zenza isiseko se-VAT yokungenisa. Oku kudibanisa yikona okwenza izinga le-VAT libe phezulu kune-19%. Isiseko sakho se-VAT sinyuka siye kwi-€13,366 ukuba ixabiso lakho le-CIF liyi-€12,550 kwaye umthwalo wakho yi-€816. Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlawula i-19% iyonke, kuquka nentlawulo.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Yongeza Zonke Iindleko Ezincedisayo
Iindleko zakho zokufika emhlabeni ziquka okungaphezulu nje kwerhafu yempahla ethengwayo kunye ne-VAT yokungenisa impahla. Ikwabandakanya neendleko zokuphatha izikhululo zezibuko (THC), umthengisi wamasiko imirhumo, nayiphi na ukugcina echwebeni, kunye neendleko zokuhambisa impahla ukusuka echwebeni ukuya kwidilesi yakho yokuhanjiswa eJamani. Ezi ntlawulo ziyinyani kwaye zinkulu, ingakumbi kwabo baqalayo ukungenisa impahla abangacingi ngazo.
Umzekelo oSebenzisiweyo: Ixabiso leempahla ze-€10,000, ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL engama-20ft ukuya eHamburg
| ixabiso Component | Imali (EUR) | amaNqaku |
| Ixabiso leMpahla (FOB) | €10,000 | Ixabiso le-invoyisi |
| Uthutho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (FCL, 20ft) | €2,500 | ETshayina → Hamburg |
| I-inshorensi yemithwalo (0.4%) | €50 | Yeempahla + imithwalo |
| Ixabiso le-CIF (Isiseko seCustoms) | €12,550 | Iimpahla + Ukuthutha + I-inshurensi |
| UMrhumo weRhafu (umz., 6.5%) | €816 | Kuxhomekeke kwikhowudi yeHS |
| Isiseko se-VAT yokungenisa | €13,366 | Irhafu yeCIF + yeRhafu |
| I-VAT evela ngaphandle (19%) | €2,540 | Isebenza kwisiseko se-VAT |
| Ukuphathwa kwePort & THC | €300 | Iintlawulo zezibuko laseHamburg |
| Customs Brokerage | €200 | Iintlawulo zee-arhente |
| Ukuhanjiswa kwelizwe (eJamani) | €350 | Izibuko ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla |
| Iindleko ezizisiweyo zizonke | €16,756 | +67.6% ngaphezulu kwe-FOB |
Kule meko, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla nge-invoyisi yefektri ye-€10,000 kunexabiso lilonke lokufika elimalunga ne-€16,756, elingaphezulu nge-67.6% kunexabiso lokuqala lezinto. Amashishini abhalisele i-VAT angayifumana inxenye ye-VAT yokungenisa (€2,540), nto leyo ethoba ixabiso lokwenyani elingenakubuyiselwa libe malunga ne-€14,216. Sekunjalo, inyani yokuba i-VAT ibotshelelwe kwimali yokusebenza ngelixa ilinde ukubuyiselwa yinto enkulu kumashishini akhulayo.
Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Eziqwalaselwe Ukuthobela Imithetho eJamani ngo-2025–2026
IJamani inemithetho nemigaqo engqongqo yokungenisa impahla esetyenziswa kakuhle. Kukho amanyathelo amaninzi okuthobela imithetho ekufuneka uwathathe ngaphambi kokuba ukuthunyelwa kwakho kokuqala kweFCL kufike eHamburg.
Ukuba ishishini lifuna ukungenisa izinto kwi-EU, kufuneka lifumane inombolo ye-EORI (Ubhaliso kunye nokuQondwa kwabaSebenzi bezoQoqosho). Umthwalo wakho uya kugcinwa kwi-customs ngaphandle kwayo. Ukuba uyinkampani evela ngaphandle kwe-EU engenisa iimpahla eJamani, uya kufuna ubhaliso lwe-VAT yaseJamani okanye ummeli wezemali. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2025, i-EU Small Business Scheme phantsi kweCandelo 19a loMthetho we-VAT yaseJamani iya kwenza kube lula kumashishini amancinci ahlangabezana neemfuno ezithile ukuba enze ishishini. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabangenisi bezorhwebo abasebenza kwisikali se-FCL kuya kufuneka babhalisele i-VAT epheleleyo.
Ukuthobela imithetho ethile yemveliso kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Iimpahla ze-elektroniki kunye nezombane kufuneka zibe neempawu ze-CE kwaye zilandele umyalelo we-WEEE. Ukuze uthengise ezi mpahla eJamani, kufuneka ube ne-WEEE-Reg.-Nr. ebhalisiweyo. Izinto eziwela phantsi kwemithetho ye-REACH, ingakumbi iikhemikhali kunye nezinto ezibandakanya iikhompawundi ezingavumelekanga, kufuneka zibe namaphepha afanelekileyo. Izinto ezidibana nokutya zifuna imvume ye-LFGB. Ukuba awubonisi iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo, i-customs ingagcina iimveliso zakho, ikunyanzele ukuba uzithumele kwakhona kwamanye amazwe, okanye uzitshabalalise ngeendleko zakho.
I-EU itshintshe amagama ayo adibeneyo ngo-2025, yongeza izihloko ezingaphantsi ezintsha zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion (HS 8507) kunye neemveliso ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuhlelwa kwekhowudi ye-HS kubonelela ngesiseko sokubalwa kwemisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo. Enye yeempazamo ezixhaphakileyo nezibiza kakhulu kwi-logistics yokungenisa impahla kukungahlelwa kakuhle. Oku kunokukhokelela kwimisebenzi engahlawulwanga ngokwaneleyo (enokukhokelela kwiimfuno zokuhlawula emva kunye nezohlwayo) okanye kwimisebenzi ehlawulwa kakhulu (oko kuthetha ukushiya imali etafileni). Ngaphambi kokuba ubhukishe ukuthunyelwa kwakho, soloko ujonga iikhowudi zakho ze-HS ngokuchasene nedathabheyisi yamva nje ye-EU TARIC.
Indlela ukuthunyelwa kweTopway okuxhasa ngayo imisebenzi yakho yeFCL ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eJamani
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eTshayina, ibingumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida ukusukela ngo-2010. I-Topway Shipping idume ngokuba namaxabiso acacileyo, inkxaso yokuthobela imithetho ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokubonakala ngokupheleleyo kwiindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokuhambisa. Oku kungenxa yokuba iqela layo eliyisunguleyo linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 ekusebenzeni ngokusesikweni kwiindlela zamazwe ngamazwe zokuhambisa impahla kunye nokususwa kwempahla.
I-Topway Shipping iphatha zonke izinto ezithunyelwa ngabangenisi abathumela i-FCL besuka eTshayina besiya eJamani. Oku kuquka ukuqokelela iimpahla kumzi-mveliso, ukubhukisha imithwalo yolwandle kunye namaphepha, ukucoca irhafu eHamburg okanye eBremen, kunye nokuzihambisa kwindawo yakho yokugcina impahla okanye kwiziko lokuzalisekisa naphi na eJamani. Ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi bayazi okuninzi malunga nemithetho yerhafu ye-EU, ungaqiniseka ukuba unekhowudi ye-HS kunye namaphepha afanelekileyo kwasekuqaleni. Oku kunciphisa amathuba okulibaziseka okanye iingxaki zokuthobela imithetho kumda.
I-Topway Shipping ingathumela zombini imithwalo yolwandle ye-FCL kunye ne-LCL ukusuka kuzo zonke izibuko ezinkulu zaseTshayina, ezifana neShenzhen, iShanghai, iNingbo, iGuangzhou, iQingdao, kunye neTianjin, ukuya kwiindawo eziphambili kwihlabathi liphela. Iqela liza kulungelelanisa isisombululo ukuze sihambelane neprofayili yakho yemithwalo kunye nexesha, nokuba ufudusela isitya se-20-foot sezinto ze-elektroniki zabathengi, i-40-foot High Cube yefenitshala, okanye udibanisa ukuthunyelwa okuncinci kwe-LCL ukuze wonge imali. Izisombululo zokugcina impahla zaseYurophu zaphesheya zinika iinkampani ukhetho oluninzi xa kufikwa ekulawuleni uluhlu lwezinto kwiimarike ezingaphezu kwesinye okanye zifuna indawo yokubeka iimpahla ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe.
Enye yezinto ezenziwa ngcono yiTopway Shipping kukuncedisa ekucwangciseni iindleko zokufika. Iqela aliniki nje ixabiso lokuthuthwa; likwasebenza nabangenisi ukuze libabonise yonke indleko, kuquka imithwalo, irhafu, i-VAT, kunye nezinye iindleko, ngoko ke akukho zimanga xa ukuthunyelwa kufika. Olu hlobo lolwazi olucacileyo luluncedo kakhulu kwimibutho esandul’ ukuqalisa ukuhambisa i-FCL eJamani. Kwabangenisi abanamava, oku kuthetha ukwenza izigqibo ezingcono malunga namaxabiso kunye nokugcina umkhondo ongcono weendleko zempahla.
Ukuba ishishini lakho liyakhula kwaye ufuna iqabane lezothutho eliyaziyo zombini icala lokuthumela impahla eTshayina kunye nemithetho yokungenisa impahla yaseJamani, iTopway Shipping inokukunceda ngaloo nto kwasekuqaleni.
Amaqhinga Okuphucula Ixabiso Lakho Lokufika
Inyathelo lokuqala kukuqonda le fomula. Iingenelo zokwenyani zivela ekuyenzeni ibe ngcono. Abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe abakhathaleleyo ukulawula iindleko zokufika baneenketho ezininzi.
Ukukhetha i-Incoterms efanelekileyo kutshintsha ukuba ngubani onoxanduva lweliphi icandelo lohambo kwaye ngubani ohlawulela lona. I-FOB (yasimahla kwiBhodi) yeyona ntetho ixhaphakileyo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle evela eTshayina. Ikunika ulawulo lokubhukisha impahla, ngoko ungathetha ngqo nomntu othumela impahla yakho endaweni yokuhlawula uphawu lomthengisi. Nge-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), umthengisi okanye umboneleli wezothutho unyamekela yonke into, kuquka irhafu kunye ne-VAT. Oku kwenza izinto zibe lula, kodwa kudla ngokubiza ngaphezulu kwaye kunokwenza kube nzima ukubona ulwakhiwo lweendleko ezipheleleyo.
Ixabiso lokuthumela imveliso nganye liyanyuka okanye lihle kuxhomekeke ekubeni zingaphi izikhongozeli ezisetyenzisiweyo. Isikhongozeli esingama-40ft sidla ngokubiza ngaphezulu kwama-25–40% kunesikhongozeli esingama-20ft, kodwa sinokuthwala phantse kabini. Ukuba umthwalo wakho uphantse ugcwalise ibhokisi engama-20ft, ukunyuka uye kwibhokisi engama-40ft phantse rhoqo kukongela imali ngeyunithi nganye. Impahla nganye ixhamla ngokwenza uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwe-CBM ngaphambi kokubhukisha nokupakisha ngendlela eyandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwevolumu.
Ungonga imali eninzi ngokubeka ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla yakho ukuze ingabi phantsi ngexesha lexesha elixakekileyo. Amaxabiso empahla adla ngokunyuka kakhulu kwikota yesithathu neyesine njengoko abathumeli bempahla belungiselela iiholide kunye noNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina. Ukuba ucwangciso lwakho lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo luguquguquka, ungonga i-15–30% kwiindleko zokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ngokubhukisha ngaphandle kwezi festile kunye nokuvala amaxabiso nomthumeli wempahla yakho ngokusebenzisa iikhontrakthi zangaphambili okanye izivumelwano zenkonzo yexesha elide. Ukuba unenkampani ehlawula i-VAT, ukusebenza nomthengisi werhafu yakho ukwenza isicwangciso sakho sokurhoxiswa kwe-VAT yokungenisa impahla sisebenze kakuhle kangangoko kuya kunceda imali yakho yokusebenza.
isiphelo
Xa uthumela i-FCL esuka eTshayina ukuya eJamani, kukho iindleko ezininzi kakhulu kuneerhafu zokuthutha ulwandle kunye namaxabiso efektri. Ixabiso lokufika linokuba ngaphezulu kwama-60% kunexabiso lakho le-FOB ngenxa ye-19% ye-VAT yokungenisa impahla yaseJamani, iirhafu zerhafu ezisekelwe kwikhowudi yakho ye-HS kunye nexabiso le-CIF, iifizi zokuphatha izibuko, iifizi zomthengisi, kunye neendleko zokuhambisa impahla ngaphakathi elizweni. Asingomsebenzi wokubalwa kwezimali we-back-office kuphela ukuqonda nokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo umfanekiso weendleko ezipheleleyo. Lukhetho lweshishini oluphambili oluthatha isigqibo sokuba imveliso ifanelekile ukungeniswa okanye ayifanelekanga.
Wakuba uyayazi le fomula, kulula: qala ngexabiso le-CIF, yongeza izinga lerhafu yempahla, fumana i-19% ye-VAT kwixabiso lilonke eliquka irhafu, uze wongeze zonke ezinye iintlawulo. Yenza le mathematika ngaphambi kokuba ufake iodolo, hayi emva kokuba izikhongozeli zithunyelwe.
Xa usebenza neqabane lezothutho elifana neTopway Shipping ukuze liphathe imisebenzi yakho yeFCL ukusuka eShenzhen okanye nakweyiphi na izibuko elikhulu laseTshayina ukuya eJamani, ufumana ulwazi oludingayo lokulawula ngokuzithemba ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yerhafu, ukhethe izikhongozeli ezilungileyo, kwaye uqikelele ixabiso lakho lokwenyani lokufika. Ingcinga ayikokuthutha nje iimpahla; kukwenza oko ngendlela eyenza imali.
FAQs
Q: Ingakanani irhafu ye-VAT yokungenisa impahla evela eTshayina yaseJamani ngoku?
A: Izinga eliqhelekileyo le-VAT yokungenisa eJamani yi-19% yexabiso le-CIF lezinto kunye nayo nayiphi na irhafu yerhafu yempahla. Izinga eliphantsi le-7% lisebenza kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto, njengeencwadi kunye nezinye iimveliso zokutya.
Q: Ndingayibuyisa na i-VAT yokungenisa ehlawuliweyo eJamani?
A: Ewe, ukuba ishishini lakho libhaliselwe i-VAT eJamani kwaye uzisa iimveliso zokusetyenziswa okanye ukuthengisa kwishishini, ungayifumana i-VAT yokungenisa njengerhafu yokufaka ngembuyekezo yakho ye-VAT eqhelekileyo. Abantu kunye namashishini angabhaliselanga i-VAT abanakuyifumana kwakhona.
Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthunyelwa kweFCL ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eJamani?
A: Uthutho olusuka kwelinye icala luye kwelinye ludla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezingama-28 ukuya kwezingama-40, kuxhomekeke kwizibuko elisuka kulo kunye nendlela. Lilonke, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla emnyango ukuya kwelinye, kuquka ukucutshungulwa kwerhafu kunye nokuhanjiswa kwayo ngaphakathi elizweni, kudla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kwezingama-55.
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwerhafu yempahla ethengiswayo kunye ne-VAT yokungenisa impahla?
A: Ikhowudi ye-HS kunye nelizwe apho imveliso yakho ivela khona kumisela irhafu yerhafu, eyirhafu yorhwebo. I-VAT yokungenisa impahla yirhafu yeempahla ezihlawuliswa ngexabiso eliqhelekileyo lasekhaya le-19%. I-VAT yokungenisa impahla isekelwe kwixabiso le-CIF kunye nerhafu yerhafu yerhafu, oko kuthetha ukuba irhafu ifakiwe kwisiseko se-VAT.
Q: Ngaba ndifuna inombolo ye-EORI ukuze ndingenise impahla ye-FCL eJamani?
A: Ewe. Onke amashishini angenisa iimpahla kwi-EU kufuneka abe nenombolo ye-EORI (Ubhaliso kunye nokuQondwa kwabaSebenzi bezoQoqosho). Ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuya kubanjwa kwi-customs ukuba awunayo. Amashishini kwi-EU kufuneka afake izicelo ngesebe le-customs lelizwe lawo. Amashishini angaphandle kwe-EU anokubhalisa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-customs yaseJamani.
Q: Ndingayikhetha nini i-FCL kune-LCL yokuthumela eJamani?
A: I-FCL yeyona ndlela ilungileyo xa ukuthunyelwa kwakho kukhulu kune-12–15 CBM, xa ukhuseleko lwemithwalo lubalulekile, okanye xa ufuna ukusa imveliso yakho apho ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okuza ne-LCL. I-LCL yindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuthumela iipakeji ezincinci kuba yabelana ngendawo yesikhongozeli nabanye abathumeli.
