Ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze kungeniswe iimpahla ezivela eTshayina kunye neClear Customs?
intshayelelo
Xa ungenisa izinto ezivela eTshayina naphi na emhlabeni, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha, ingakumbi xa kufikwa kumaphepha afunekayo. Urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, imithetho yerhafu, kunye ne-logistics zonke ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iimpepha ozifunayo kunye nendlela yokudlula kwiirhafu. Abantu kunye namashishini afuna ukungenisa izinto kwilizwe ezivela eTshayina kufuneka azi ukuba zeziphi iimpepha abazidingayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ihamba kakuhle nangokukhawuleza, kunye nokuthintela ukulibaziseka okanye iintlawulo kumda. Eli nqaku lichaza ngokweenkcukacha amaphepha abaluleke kakhulu owadingayo ukuze ungenise izinto eTshayina kwaye udlule kwiirhafu.
Amaxwebhu abalulekileyo afunekayo xa kungeniswa iimpahla ezivela eTshayina
Xa uzisa nantoni na eMelika evela eTshayina, kufuneka ube namaphepha ambalwa abalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle kwaye ilandela imithetho. La maphepha aneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, njengokuqinisekisa izinto, ukubonisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yelizwe oya kulo, nokwenza kube lula ukuba iimpahla ziwele imida. Makhe sijonge la maphepha ngokusondeleyo.
1. I-invoyisi yoRhwebo
I-invoyisi yorhwebo mhlawumbi lolona xwebhu lubalulekileyo lokungenisa izinto kweli lizwe. Yibhili yezinto ezibonisa umthengi, umthengisi, iinkcazo zemveliso, ubungakanani, amaxabiso, kunye nemigaqo yokuhlawula. I-Customs ifuna olu xwebhu ukuze ifumanise iirhafu kunye neerhafu, kwaye inika ingxelo epheleleyo yentengiselwano.
I-invoyisi yorhwebo kufuneka ibe:
- Igama kunye zoqhagamshelwano ulwazi lomthengisi
- Igama lomthengi kunye nendlela yokunxibelelana naye
- Uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezinto, kuquka inani, ixabiso leyunithi, kunye nexabiso lilonke
- Imigaqo yokuthunyelwa (i-Incoterms)
- Indlela yokuhlawula kunye nemali esetyenzisiweyo
Olu xwebhu lubaluleke kakhulu ekubhengezeni ixabiso lezinto kunye nokuzithumela kwi-customs.
Uluhlu lokupakisha
Uluhlu lokupakisha lolunye uxwebhu olubalulekileyo olukuxelela indlela ezipakishwa ngayo izinto, njengokuba zingaphi iipakeji ezikhoyo, okukuzo, kunye nalo naluphi na olunye ulwazi lokupakisha olufunekayo. Amagosa erhafu asebenzisa uluhlu lokupakisha ukujonga ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngokuchasene ne-invoyisi yorhwebo kwaye aqinisekise ukuba iimpahla ezifanelekileyo ziziswa kweli lizwe.
Eli phepha kufuneka libe:
- Uhlobo lokupakisha, njengeebhokisi, iikreyithi, okanye iipalethi
- Isixa seebhokisi
- Uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezinto ezikwiphakheji nganye
- Ubunzima bokuthunyelwa, zombini i-gross kunye ne-net
- Ubungakanani beepakeji
Kwizibuko lendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, uluhlu lokupakisha lwenza kube lula ukujonga nokuqinisekisa izinto.
3. IBhili yoThutho (B/L)
Iphepha lokuhambisa impahla lixwebhu elisemthethweni elibonisa ukuba umthumeli kunye nomthwali banesivumelwano sokuthumela impahla. Likwasebenza njengerisithi yeemveliso emva kokuba zisenqanaweni. Udinga iphepha lokuhambisa impahla ukuze ubange iimpahla kwizibuko oya kulo, kwaye irhafu iyayifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwayo kuyinyani.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhili zomthwalo, ezifana nezi:
- I-Ocean Bill of Lading: Le yindlela oyisebenzisela ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa.
- I-Air Waybill: Yeyokuthunyelwa ngenqwelo moya.
- I-Express Bill of Lading: Uhlobo lwe-Bill of Lading olungafuni xwebhu lokuqala ukuze izinto zihambe.
UMthetho woThutho kufuneka ube:
- Ulwazi malunga nomthumeli kunye nomthumeli
- Ziziphi iimveliso
- Izibuko lokulayisha nokukhupha impahla
- Imigaqo yokuthunyelwa (i-Incoterms)
- Umhla wokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa
4. Isiqinisekiso seMvelaphi
ISatifikethi seMvelaphi (i-COO) liphepha elibonisa apho izinto eziziswayo zenziwa khona. I-Customs ingadinga olu xwebhu ukuze ifumane iirhafu ezifanelekileyo, okanye ukufumana iirhafu eziphantsi okanye izivumelwano zorhwebo ezikhethekileyo ngeenkqubo ezithile zorhwebo.
Eli phepha libaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko apho:
- Ilizwe elingenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe linezivumelwano zorhwebo neTshayina.
- Ezi zinto zifanelekile kwiirhafu eziphantsi.
Isatifikethi kufuneka sivele kwigunya elivunyiweyo okanye kwi-chamber of commerce kwilizwe apho iimpahla zithunyelwa khona.
5. Isibhengezo esiphuma ngaphandle
Isibhengezo sokungenisa impahla luxwebhu oludwelisa izinto eziziswa kweli lizwe, ixabiso lazo, kunye nendawo ezivela kuyo. Uninzi lwexesha, abasemagunyeni berhafu kweli lizwe abangenisa impahla bayawadinga la maphepha. Isibhengezo siqinisekisa ukuba izinto zihlelwe ngokuchanekileyo phantsi kweekhowudi zerhafu ezifanelekileyo kwaye zinoxanduva lokuhlawula irhafu kunye neerhafu ezifanelekileyo.
Ingxelo yokungenisa kufuneka ibe:
- Ikhowudi ye-HS, okanye udidi lwezentengiselwano, kwimveliso nganye
- Ixabiso lezinto
- Ilizwe apho ivela khona kwaye iya khona
- Inkcazo yezinto kunye nendlela ezimele zisetyenziswe ngayo
Amagosa erhafu asebenzisa la maphepha ukujonga izinto aze abone ukuba zingakanani irhafu kunye nerhafu ezimele zihlawulwe.
6. Customs Bond
Ibhondi yerhafu yempahla luhlobo lomshuwalense oqinisekisa ukuba umngenisi uza kulandela yonke imithetho nemithetho yerhafu yempahla. Le bondi iqinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na irhafu, iifizi, okanye izohlwayo ezifunekayo kwirhafu yempahla ziya kuhlawulwa. Idla ngokufuneka kwiimpahla ezinkulu ezithunyelwayo okanye kubangenisi abangahlalanga belandela imithetho yerhafu yempahla ngaphambili.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeebhondi zerhafu:
- Ibhondi yokungena kunye: Le bondi ilungele ukuthunyelwa kube kanye kwaye ihlala ixesha lonke lenkqubo yokungenisa.
- Ibhondi eqhubekayo: Igubungela ukuthunyelwa okungaphezulu kwesinye unyaka wonke.
7. Ilayisensi yokungenisa elizweni
Urhulumente welizwe ongenisa iimveliso angadinga ilayisenisi yokungenisa impahla, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zeziphi iintlobo zeempahla eziziswayo. Ilayisenisi yokungenisa impahla liphepha elikuvumela ukuba uzise izinto ezithile kweli lizwe. Idla ngokuba yimfuneko kwiimpahla ezithintelweyo, ezifana nokutya, amayeza, okanye iimveliso zasefama.
Amazwe ahlukeneyo anemithetho eyahlukeneyo yokufumana ilayisenisi yokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe, kwaye unokufuna ukufumana amaxwebhu okanye iimvume ezingaphezulu kwimibutho karhulumente efanelekileyo.
8. Inombolo yeSazisi yeRhafu (TIN)
Abangenisi kumazwe aliqela bafuna iNombolo yoLwazi lweRhafu (i-TIN) okanye into efanayo ukuze bakwazi ukungenisa iimpahla. I-TIN igcina umkhondo werhafu kunye nemirhumo ehamba nezinto ezizisiweyo. Iqinisekisa ukuba umngenisi ubhalisiwe kwirhafu kwaye uvumelekile ukwenza ushishino kumazwe ngamazwe.
Ngokwesiqhelo ufumana le nombolo kwi-ofisi yerhafu yasekuhlaleni, kwaye kufuneka uyinike i-customs xa uthumela izibhengezo zokungenisa impahla okanye amanye amaphepha.
9. Iziqinisekiso zokuhlola
Ezinye izinto, ezinje ngokutya, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, okanye amalaphu, zinokufuna iziqinisekiso zokuhlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba zikhuselekile, zisempilweni, okanye zisemgangathweni. Ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe, ezi ziqinisekiso zihlala zinikezelwa ngamaqela asemthethweni okanye ngabasemagunyeni bokuhlola eTshayina.
Umzekelo, iimfuno zokhuseleko lokutya zingafuna isatifikethi esivela kumbutho wokhuseleko lokutya, ngelixa izixhobo ze-elektroniki zingadinga isatifikethi esibonisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko yamazwe ngamazwe.
10. Amaxwebhu okuSusa iRhafu yerhafu
Emva kokuba iimveliso zifikile kwilizwe eziya kulo, umngenisi kufuneka anike irhafu zonke iimpepha ezingentla ukuze zivulwe. Ngaphambi kokuba izinto zikhutshwe, amagosa erhafu aza kujonga amaphepha, aqinisekise ukuba umxholo wokuthunyelwa uchanekile, kwaye aqinisekise ukuba zonke iirhafu kunye neentlawulo zihlawulwe.
Isishwankathelo seTheyibhile yamaxwebhu aphambili
| Uxwebhu | Injongo | Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukuze kufunyanwe irhafu yerhafu? |
|---|---|---|
| I-invoyisi yentengiso | Iinkcukacha zentengiselwano kunye nexabiso leempahla | Ewe |
| Uluhlu lokupakisha | Uhlalutyo lwephakheji kunye nomxholo | Ewe |
| Ityala lokhwela | Ubungqina bokuthunyelwa kunye nekhontrakthi yezothutho | Ewe |
| Isatifikethi semvelaphi | Iqinisekisa ilizwe apho iimpahla zivela khona | Ewe, ngeenjongo zerhafu |
| Isibhengezo esivela ngaphandle | Isibhengezo esineenkcukacha zerhafu yempahla kunye nokuhlelwa kwerhafu | Ewe |
| Customs Bond | Isiqinisekiso seinshorensi sokuthobela imithetho yerhafu | Ewe, kwiimpahla ezinkulu ezithunyelwayo |
| Ilayisensi yokungenisa elizweni | Ifuneka kwimpahla elawulwayo | Ngamaxesha athile |
| Inombolo yokuchonga irhafu (TIN) | Uchonga umngenisi ngeenjongo zerhafu | Ewe |
| Izatifikethi zokuHlola | Qinisekisa imigangatho yokhuseleko okanye yomgangatho kwiimveliso ezithile | Ngamaxesha athile |
isiphelo
Ukuze ungenise izinto kweli lizwe ngempumelelo ukusuka eTshayina, kufuneka ucwangcise kwangaphambili kwaye wazi ukuba zeziphi iimpepha ozifunayo. Ukuze ukhawuleze ugqibezele irhafu, udinga i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi yempahla, isatifikethi semvelaphi, kunye namanye amaphepha. Abangenisi kufuneka balungele amathuba okufuna amanye amaphepha, ilayisenisi yokungenisa okanye isatifikethi sokuhlola, kuxhomekeke kwinto abayizisayo. Ukulandela yonke imithetho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka, izohlwayo, okanye iintlawulo.
I-Topway Shipping inazo zonke iimpendulo kumashishini afuna iqabane elithembekileyo lezothutho ukuze aphathe imithwalo yawo ngaphesheya kwemida. I-Topway Shipping ibikhokela kwizothutho zamazwe ngamazwe ukusukela ngo-2010. Banikezela ngeenkonzo ezenzelwe wena kwindlela yorhwebo phakathi kwe-China ne-US kunye neenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle eziguquguqukayo ze-FCL kunye ne-LCL kumazibuko aphambili ehlabathi. Zisisombululo esilungileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkampani efuna ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokungenisa impahla kwilizwe evela e-China kuba bayazi okuninzi malunga nokususwa kwempahla kunye nezothutho.
FAQs
Q: Yintoni i-invoyisi yorhwebo, kwaye kutheni ifuneka?
A: I-invoyisi yorhwebo liphepha elidwelisa ixabiso, isixa, kunye nenkcazo yeemveliso ezibandakanyekayo kwintengiselwano. Irhafu kufuneka ijonge iirhafu kunye neerhafu.
Q: Ngaba ndifuna uluhlu lokupakisha izinto endizithumelayo?
A: Ewe, iiarhente zerhafu zifuna uluhlu lokupakisha ukuze zijonge ukuba yintoni ekwiphakheji kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba izinto ezifanelekileyo ziyangena.
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweBill of Lading kunye neAir Waybill?
A: I-Air Waybill yeyokuthunyelwa ngenqwelo moya, kwaye i-Bill of Lading yeyokuthunyelwa kwempahla yolwandle. Zombini zibubungqina bokuthunyelwa kunye nesivumelwano sokuthwala.
Q: Ndingasifumana njani iSatifikethi seMvelaphi?
A: Ngokwesiqhelo, igumbi lorhwebo okanye umbutho ogunyazisiweyo kwilizwe apho iimpahla zithunyelwa khona unika iSatifikethi seMvelaphi. Sibonisa apho iimpahla zenziwe khona.
Q: Ingaba ndifuna ilayisenisi yokungenisa impahla kuzo zonke iimpahla?
A: Awudingi layisenisi yokungenisa nantoni na. Ihlala iyimfuneko kwizinto ezilawulwayo kuquka ukutya, amayeza, kunye nezinye izinto ze-elektroniki.
Q: Yintoni ibhondi yerhafu, kwaye ndiyidinga nini?
A: Ibhondi yerhafu luhlobo lomshuwalense oluqinisekisa ukuba irhafu kunye nemirhumo ziya kuhlawulwa. Ingafuneka kwiimpahla ezinkulu ezithunyelwayo okanye kubathumeli bempahla abangengomalungu elizwe abanembali yokungayilandeli imithetho.
