Iyintoni iTerminal Handling Charge (THC)? Ingakanani?
intshayelelo
Akuwedwa owakha wajonga ngenyameko isicatshulwa sokuthutha impahla okanye i-invoyisi yokugqibela waza wazibuza ukuba ithetha ukuthini i-“Terminal Handling Charge (THC)”. I-THC libinzana eliqhelekileyo kwi-logistics elivela phantse kuzo zonke izikhongozeli zokuthutha impahla zaselwandle, kodwa alichazwa rhoqo ngesiNgesi esilula. Ukungaqondi kakuhle i-THC kunokubangela iingxaki kubathumeli, ingakumbi iinkampani ezincinci kunye nabathengisi be-e-commerce, xa kufikwa kwixabiso lokugqibela lemveliso.
Intlawulo yokuphatha iiTerminal ayisiyo "mali efihliweyo"; yindleko nje efunekayo yokuthutha iikhonteyina kunye nemithwalo kwiizibuko nakwiitheminali ezixineneyo. Kubiza imali ukuqhuba iikhreyini, iilori, iiforklift, abasebenzi beetheminali, amaphepha, kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko. I-THC yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuba iitheminali kunye nabathwali bafumane ezi ndleko, ngokuqhelekileyo ngesikhongozeli okanye i-cubic meter/ton.
Ingahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwizibuko ukuya kwelinye kunye nomthwali ukuya kwelinye kuba iiterminal zasekuhlaleni zilawula i-THC kwaye idla ngokuhlawuliswa ngabathwali okanye abathumeli bempahla. Lo mahluko unokuba nzima ukuwuchaza, ingakumbi xa uzama ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni ukuthunyelwa ngePort A kubiza kakhulu kunokuthunyelwa okufanayo ngePort B.
Kule posi, siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni iTerminal Handling Charge, igubungela ntoni, zithini iindidi zamaxabiso eziqhelekileyo, indlela iTHC ebalwa ngayo kwiimpahla zeFCL kunye neLCL, kunye nendlela iIncoterms echaphazela ngayo umntu omele ayihlawule. Siza kuxoxa nangezinye iimeko zokwenyani size sigqibe ngeengcebiso malunga nendlela yokuphatha iTHC kakuhle. Okokugqibela, uza kufunda indlela iqabane elinobuchule lezothutho elifana neTopway Shipping elinokukunceda ngayo ugcine iTHC kunye nazo zonke iindleko zakho zothutho zilawulwa.
Ukuqonda iTerminal Handling Charge (THC)
Intlawulo yokuphatha iTerminal yintlawulo egubungela iindleko zokuhambisa iikhonteyina kunye neempahla kwitheminali yezibuko. Yindleko yokuthutha ikhonteyina yakho okanye impahla ijikeleze indawo yetheminali, ukususela ngexesha ingena kwisango letheminali ide ilayishwe enqanaweni, okanye ukusuka enqanaweni ukuya esangweni xa ifika.
Xa kuthunyelwa iikhonteyina ezigcweleyo (i-FCL), i-THC idla ngokuhlawuliswa kwikhonteyina nganye. Kwimithwalo engaphantsi kwekhonteyina (i-LCL), iindleko zihlala zisekelwe kubunzima okanye kumthamo womthwalo wakho, njenge-cubic meter nganye okanye ngetoni nganye yengeniso. Ingqiqo iyafana, kodwa indlela ebonakala ngayo intlawulo kwibhili yakho inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela umthumeli wakho wempahla amisela ngayo amaxabiso awo.
Kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba i-THC ayifakwanga kwimpahla yolwandle. Nokuba inkampani yokuthumela imithwalo inika ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu lokuthutha imithwalo yolwandle, ixabiso lokugqibela liya kuquka i-THC kunye nezinye iifizi zikamasipala kwindawo yokuqala nakwindawo oya kuyo. Xa ufumana iikowuteshini, kudla ngokuba ngumbono olungileyo ukubuza ukuba i-THC ifakiwe na okanye akunjalo, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, kwicala lini (imvelaphi, indawo oya kuyo, okanye zombini).
Enye into abantu abadla ngokudideka ngayo kukuba ngubani obeka i-THC. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abaqhubi bee-terminal babeka iishedyuli zerhafu ezichaza iifizi zokuphatha ezisemthethweni. Abathwali kunye nabathumeli bempahla emva koko badlulisela ezi, ngamanye amaxesha bazibandakanya kwiirhafu zasekuhlaleni "zonke-in" kwaye ngamanye amaxesha bazibiza ngokwahlukeneyo ngokuthi "Imvelaphi ye-THC" kunye "neNdawo ye-THC." I-THC kwizibuko elithile inokutshintsha unyaka nonyaka kuba ii-terminals zinokutshintsha amaxabiso azo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwanee-terminals kwizibuko elinye zinokuba nezakhiwo zeendleko ezahlukeneyo kancinci.
Yintoni egutyungelwa yi-THC ngokwenene?
Intlawulo yoLawulo lweSitishi ihlawulela inani lemisebenzi yomzimba neyolawulo ekufuneka yenziwe ukuthutha imithwalo ngesitishi sezibuko. Uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lunokwahluka kwisitishi ngasinye, kodwa isiseko esisisiseko kukuba i-THC lixabiso lokusebenzisa iziseko zophuhliso zezibuko, izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi.
Kubomi bokwenyani, i-THC idla ngokuthetha izinto ezifana nokuphatha isango langaphakathi, ukuhambisa izikhongozeli zijikeleze isiphelo sendlela, ukuzibeka ebaleni, nokuzilayisha okanye ukuzikhupha enqanaweni. Ingabandakanya nendlela yokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-IT zesiphelo sendlela, ukujonga ukhuseleko olusisiseko, kunye nendlela yokujongana nomthwali kunye nesiphelo sendlela.
Enye indlela elula yokucinga ukuba i-THC igubungela ntoni kukujonga indlela yomthwalo edlula kwisiphelo sendlela.
Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo equkiweyo kwi-THC
| Inkqubo yenqanaba | Umzekelo Imisebenzi | Ngaba igutyungelwe yi-THC? |
|---|---|---|
| Isango lokungena / Isango lokuphuma | Ukujonga ilori esangweni, ukuskena isitya, ukwabela indawo yeyadi | Ewe |
| Ukuphathwa kweyadi | Isikhongozeli esithuthwayo esineelori zegadi, sipakishwa/sikhutshwa ebaleni | Ewe |
| Ukulayisha/ukukhulula inqanawa | Imisebenzi yeekreyini ukusuka elunxwemeni ukuya elunxwemeni, ukubeka izikhongozeli enqanaweni | Ewe |
| Ulawulo lwesiphelo sendlela | Amaxwebhu asisiseko, ukufakwa kwedatha, ukulungelelaniswa neenkqubo zokuthwala | Ngokuqhelekileyo |
| Ukhuseleko kunye nokubeka iliso | I-CCTV, ulawulo lokufikelela, iinkqubo zokudlula kwisiphelo sendlela | Ngokuqhelekileyo |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yokuhlola irhafu | Ukuhambisa isikhongozeli ukuya/ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlolwa | Ngamaxesha athile |
| Ukugcinwa ngaphaya kwexesha lasimahla | Indawo yokugcina igadi eyandisiweyo, ukungabikho kwemali | Hayi (ezahlukileyo) |
Ayizizo zonke iiterminal ezidwelisa ezi zenzo ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iterminal kunye nomthwali bayavumelana ngesantya se-THC esihlanganisiweyo kwisikhongozeli ngasinye, esithunyelwa kamva kumthumeli. Into ephambili ekufuneka ikhunjulwe kukuba i-THC inxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuphatha ezibonakalayo zeterminal, kungekhona ukuhambisa izinto kumgama omde.
Ngamanye amaxesha, abathumeli baxuba i-THC ne-demurrage okanye i-vaccination. Xa i-container ihlala ngaphakathi kwi-terminal ixesha elide kunexesha lokugcina lasimahla, ihlawulelwa i-demurrage. Xa i-container ihlala ngaphandle kwe-terminal ixesha elide kuneligunyazisiweyo, ihlawuliswa i-vaccination. Zombini zisohlwayo ezinento yokwenza nexesha. I-THC, kwelinye icala, lixabiso lokuphatha ekufuneka ulihlawule nokuba ulisebenzisa lonke ixesha lakho lasimahla okanye akunjalo. Idla ngokuhlawuliswa kanye xa ushukuma.
Ibalwa njani i-THC?
I-THC idla ngokubalwa ngokwesiseko sesikhongozeli ngasinye sokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kunye nobunzima/umthamo ngamnye wokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL. Ixabiso lokwenyani limiselwa yi-terminal kwaye lihlala lixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu besikhongozeli, uhlobo lwesikhongozeli, indawo, kunye necala (ukuthumela ngaphandle ngokuchasene nokungenisa).
Kwinqanaba elilula, i-FCL THC inokuba sisixa esimiselweyo kwisikhongozeli esingangeenyawo ezingama-20 kunye nesixa esiphezulu esimiselweyo kwisikhongozeli esingangeenyawo ezingama-40. Isiphelo sinokuba namaxabiso ahlukeneyo kwizikhongozeli ezomileyo eziqhelekileyo, izikhongozeli ezifrijiweyo (ii-reefers), kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nezikhongozeli ezivulekileyo okanye ezisicaba. Okukhona ukuphatha kuyinkimbinkimbi okanye kudinga izixhobo ezininzi, kokukhona i-THC iphezulu.
Kwimithwalo ye-LCL, imithwalo evela kubathumeli abaninzi idityaniswa ibe yisikhongozeli esabelwana ngaso. Kwimeko enjalo, i-THC yesikhongozeli sonke idla ngokusasazeka kuyo yonke imithwalo ngokusekelwe kumthamo okanye ubunzima obunokuhlawuliswa. Yingakho iindleko zengingqi ze-LCL ngamanye amaxesha zibonakala zinzima ngakumbi: umthengisi wempahla ubeka iindleko zesiphelo phakathi kwabathengi abaninzi abahlukeneyo.
Isikhokelo sibalulekile. Amanye amazibuko aneerhafu ezahlukeneyo zeTHC zokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokungenisa, nto leyo ebonisa iipateni zabasebenzi basekuhlaleni, amanqanaba okuxinana, okanye iindlela zemarike. Kwamanye amazwe, abalawuli banokubeka okanye baqondise amanqanaba eTHC, ngelixa kwamanye, amazibuko anenkululeko engaphezulu yokubeka amaxabiso awo.
Ngokwembono yomthumeli, i-THC idla ngokuba yinxalenye yeqela elikhulu elibizwa ngokuba “ziindleko zasekuhlaleni” okanye “iindleko zemvelaphi/indawo oya kuyo”. Ungabona imigca efana nethi “THC Origin”, “THC Destination”, “Documentation Fee”, kunye nethi “Security Fee” idityaniswe ndawonye. Ukuba ufuna ukuqonda iindleko zakho ngokucacileyo, kusengqiqweni ukubuza umboneleli wakho wezothutho ukuba akuchazele ukuba leliphi icandelo eliyinxalenye yokuphatha isiphelo.
Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-THC kwihlabathi liphela
Uluhlu lweentlawulo lunokuba lukhulu kakhulu kuba i-THC ichaphazeleka zizinto eziquka amaxabiso abasebenzi basekuhlaleni, imveliso yesiphelo, iziseko zophuhliso lwezibuko, kunye nomthetho. Ii-hub ports ezinkulu kunye nee-terminals eziphuhliswe kakuhle zihlala zineendleko eziphezulu, kodwa zikwasebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Ii-ports ezincinci okanye ezizenzekelayo kancinci zinokuhlawulisa kancinci, kodwa ukulibaziseka kunye nethrafikhi kunokwenza iindleko zakho zizonke zinyuke.
Le theyibhile ingezantsi inika kuphela amanqanaba arhabaxa kwi-USD kwisikhongozeli esiqhelekileyo esomileyo. Ezi azizo iirhafu ezisemthethweni, kwaye ziya kutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha nangokwesiphelo, kodwa zikunika umbono orhabaxa wesikali abathumeli abadla ngokujongana naso.
| Ummandla / Uhlobo lwezibuko | Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-THC ye-FCL eyi-20′ (Isalathisi) | Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-THC ye-FCL eyi-40′ (Isalathisi) | Iingxelo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amazibuko amakhulu eTshayina | US$80 - 180 | US$120 - 260 | Iiterminals ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ukhuphiswano oluqinileyo |
| Amazibuko amakhulu ase-US | US$150 - 350 | US$250 - 450 | Iindleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi kunye neziseko zophuhliso |
| Amazibuko amakhulu e-EU | US$120 - 280 | US$200 - 420 | Iindleko zahlukile phakathi koMntla Yurophu kunye noLwandlekazi iMeditera |
| Amachweba emarike asakhasayo | US$60 - 150 | US$100 - 240 | Iirhafu zingahluka kakhulu; iziseko zophuhliso zisenokungabi phambili kangako |
| Transshipment hubs | US$90 - 220 | US$130 - 320 | Imisebenzi enzima kodwa idla ngokuba nemveliso ephezulu |
La manani luqikelelo lokuqala nje kuphela. I-port pair ethile, i-carrier, i-terminal, kunye nazo naziphi na izixhobo okanye iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo ziya kuchaphazela i-THC yakho yokwenyani. Xa ujonga i-LCL, awuyi kubona lonke izinga lesikhongozeli. Endaweni yoko, uya kubona intlawulo nge-cubic meter okanye ngetoni nganye yengeniso equka i-THC kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nezinye iifizi zasekuhlaleni.
Xa kusenziwa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali okanye kuthelekiswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa, i-THC akufuneki ijongwe yodwa. Kufuneka ijongwe kunye nezinye iindleko zemvelaphi kunye neendawo ekuyiwa kuzo. Ukuba izibuko lisebenza kakuhle, i-THC engaphezulu isenokukhokelela ekunciphiseni iindleko xa inciphisa ukulibaziseka, iifizi zokugcina, kunye neengozi.
I-THC yokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL vs LCL
I-THC ilula kakhulu kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa yi-FCL. Uninzi lwexesha, uhlawula isixa-mali esimiselweyo kwisikhongozeli ngasinye, esisekelwe kubukhulu kunye nohlobo lwesikhongozeli. Ukuba uthutha isikhongozeli esomileyo esingangeenyawo ezingama-40 ukusuka kwizibuko elikhulu eTshayina ukuya kwizibuko elikhulu e-US, kufuneka ulindele ukubona i-THC kuzo zombini iziphelo, apho icala ngalinye litshaja kube kanye kwisikhongozeli ngasinye kwicala ngalinye.
I-THC yinxalenye yesakhiwo seendleko ezintsonkothileyo zokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL. Umthumeli wempahla kufuneka ahlule iindleko zesikhongozeli, ezifana ne-THC, ukuhlanganiswa, ukususwa kokuhlanganiswa, kunye nokuphathwa kwempahla yokugcina impahla, phakathi kwabo bonke abathumeli kuba uninzi lwabathumeli abahlukeneyo basebenzisa isikhongozeli esinye. Yingakho ii-invoyisi ze-LCL zihlala zineendleko ezininzi zasekuhlaleni kuzo ongaziboniyo kwisicatshulwa esilula se-FCL.
Kubomi bokwenyani, i-LCL THC idla ngokufakwa kumgca ofana nothi “iindleko zemvelaphi (nge-CBM)” okanye “iindleko zokuya (nge-CBM).” Nokuba umrhumo awubizwa ngokuba yi-THC, usathetha into enye: ukuhambisa impahla kwisiphelo sendlela. Xa uthelekisa ukhetho lwe-FCL kunye ne-LCL, kufuneka ujonge amaxabiso okuthutha impahla kunye neendleko zasekuhlaleni, njenge-THC, ukuze ukhethe leyo ikunika ixabiso elifanelekileyo ngeyunithi nganye yomthwalo.
Umzekelo: Ukuthelekisa unyango lwe-THC lwe-FCL kunye ne-LCL
| umba | FCL (Umthwalo ogcweleyo wesikhongozeli) | I-LCL (Ngaphantsi Komthwalo Wesikhongozeli) |
|---|---|---|
| Isiseko sokutshaja | Ngesikhongozeli ngasinye (20′, 40′, njl.njl.) | Ngokwe-CBM okanye ngetoni yengeniso |
| Ukubonakala kwi-invoyisi | Rhoqo njengemigca eyahlukileyo ye-THC Origin / THC Destination | Idla ngokudityaniswa kwiindleko zasekuhlaleni ezivela/ekufikeni |
| Ukwabiwa koxanduva | Ihlawulwe liqela elinoxanduva phantsi kwe-Incoterms | Kwabelwana ngabo bonke abathumeli abakwinkqubo yokudibanisa |
| Uqikelelo lweendleko | Ubungakanani obuphezulu besikhongozeli kunye neeports zaziwa xa sele zikho | Kuxhomekeke kumthamo ohlawulelwayo wokwenyani kunye nolwakhiwo lokudibanisa |
Kwabathumeli abathumela iipakeji ezininzi, i-FCL idla ngokuqikelelwa ngakumbi ngokwembono ye-THC. I-LCL isenokuba sisivumelwano esihle kubathumeli abancinci, kodwa kubalulekile ukusebenza nomntu othumela impahla onokuchaza indlela i-THC kunye nezinye iifizi zasekuhlaleni ezifakwe ngayo kwiindleko ze-CBM nganye.
Ngubani ohlawula i-THC kwaye nini? (Indima ye-Incoterms)
Ii-Incoterms ezivunyelwene ngazo phakathi komthengi nomthengisi zinempembelelo enkulu ekubeni ngubani ohlawula i-THC ekugqibeleni. Ii-Incoterms zichaza apho umngcipheko kunye noxanduva lweendleko zomthengi nomthengisi zitshintshana khona. I-THC yenye yeentlawulo zasekuhlaleni eziza kuhlawulwa licala elinye okanye elinye.
Umthengi unoxanduva lokuhlawula phantse zonke iindleko zomthengisi emva kokuthengisa, lo gama nje imiqathango ifana ne-EXW (Ex Works). Oko kudla ngokubandakanya i-THC kwizibuko lokulayisha nokukhupha impahla, kuba umthengi unoxanduva lomthwali oyintloko. Umthengisi akanyanzelekanga ukuba enze okuninzi.
I-FOB (Free On Board) ithetha ukuba umthengisi uhlawula iindleko zokusa iimveliso kwindawo yokulayisha, ukukhupha irhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye nokuzibeka enqanaweni. Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba umthengisi uhlawula i-THC kwindawo yokuqala kwaye umthengi uhlawula i-THC kwindawo eya kuyo. Kodwa irhafu yendawo inokwahluka, ngoko ke kungcono ukujonga nomboneleli wakho wezothutho ukuba iindleko zabelwana njani.
Umthengisi uhlawulela aze alungiselele i-major imithwalo yolwandle ukuya kwizibuko eliya kwindawo ephantsi kweCIF okanye iCFR. Oku kudla ngokuquka i-THC yokuqala kunye nokuthunyelwa kolwandle. Umthengi uhlala enoxanduva lwe-THC eya kwindawo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwayo ngaphakathi kwelizwe, ngaphandle kokuba amaqela avumelana ngenye indlela okanye asebenzise amagama anjenge-DAP okanye i-DDP.
I-DAP (Delivered At Place) kunye ne-DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) zibeka umthwalo ongakumbi kumthengisi. Kwezi meko, umthengisi unokufuneka ahlawule i-THC kwindawo yokuqala nakwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, kunye nokuthutha ngaphakathi elizweni kwaye mhlawumbi namasiko kunye neerhafu kwi-DDP. Umthengi ufumana ixabiso elihanjiswayo "elipheleleyo".
Ngenxa yokuba i-THC ngamanye amaxesha iyinxalenye enkulu yeentlawulo zasekuhlaleni, ukungaqondani malunga ne-Incoterms kunokubangela iingxaki. Umzekelo, umthengi unokucinga ukuba umthengisi uhlawula yonke imirhumo kwizibuko, kuquka i-THC, ngelixa umthengisi ecinga ukuba i-THC ekuqalekeni yeyomthengi. Izivumelwano ezibhaliweyo kunye neengcaphuno ezineenkcukacha ezichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba ngubani ohlawula i-THC kwizibuko ngalinye zinceda ukugcina izinto zingahambi kakuhle.
Iindleko zeTHC vs ezinye iiPort kunye neeRekhodi
I-THC yenye yeendleko oza kuziphawula kwiinkonzo zezibuko kunye namaxwebhu. Ukwazi indlela eyahluke ngayo kwezinye iindleko kunokukunceda uxoxisane ngcono kwaye kukunike ixabiso elichanekileyo.
Ukukhupha amatyala okuhambisa impahla, ukulawula amaphepha, kunye nokuthumela idatha kumagunya erhafu okanye ezibuko kudla ngokubiza imali. Ezi ntlawulo zezomsebenzi wolawulo kwaye azinanto yakwenza nokuhambisa izikhongozeli ebaleni.
Ngamanye amaxesha, iindleko zokhuseleko zongezwa kwiindleko zokhuseleko olongezelelweyo kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko kwizibuko, kuquka ukulandela imithetho ye-ISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security). Zinokuhlawulisa ngesikhongozeli ngasinye okanye ngemithwalo, kwaye azifani ne-THC.
Iindleko zokugcina impahla okanye zokunciphisa imithwalo zisekelwe kwixesha kwaye zisebenza xa impahla okanye isitya sakho sihlala kwisiphelo sendlela ixesha elide kunexesha lasimahla elivunyelweyo. Nangona zihambelana ngokucacileyo nokusetyenziswa kwemithwalo, ezi ntlawulo azikho kwi-THC. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okuhamba kakuhle kakhulu kunokufuneka kuhlawule i-THC, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okulibazisekayo kunokwakha indawo yokugcina eninzi kunye nokunciphisa imithwalo ukongeza kwi-THC.
Ukuba isitya sihlala ngaphandle kwesitishi ixesha elide kunelo ligunyazisiweyo, njengakwindawo yakho yokugcina impahla okanye emotweni, kuya kufuneka uhlawule iindleko zokubamba. Umthwali (ongumnini okanye oqeshisa isitya) uhlawulisa ukubamba, ngelixa i-THC ihlawulisa ukubamba ngaphakathi kwesitishi.
Kuya kuba lula ukuthetha nabathuthi bempahla kunye nababoneleli ukuba ukhumbula la maqela. Ungabuza, “Ingaba oku kusetyenziselwa ukuphatha, uxwebhu, ukhuseleko, ukugcina, okanye ukusebenzisa isikhongozeli?” xa ubona into ethile emgceni. Loo mbuzo mnye unokukunceda uphephe ukudideka kwaye wonge imali.
Indlela Yokulawula I-THC
Awunakuyiphepha ngokupheleleyo i-THC, kuba umthwalo wakho kufuneka uphathwe kwiitheminali. Nangona kunjalo, unokulawula indlela ezicace ngayo neziqikelelwayo ngayo ezi ntlawulo, kwaye unokwenza izigqibo ezinciphisa iindleko kunye nemingcipheko engabalulekanga.
Enye into eluncedo onokuyenza kukusebenzisa ii-Incoterms ezihambelana nezakhono zakho nolwazi onalo olukunika ithuba. Ukuba uneqabane elifanelekileyo lezothutho kwilizwe othumela kulo iimveliso zakho kwamanye amazwe, ungafuna iimeko ezikuvumela ukuba ulawule kwaye uxoxisane ngqo ngemvelaphi ye-THC endaweni yokuvumela umthengisi ukuba ayenze. Kwelinye icala, ukuba uqinisekile ngakumbi ngokungenisa iimveliso kwamanye amazwe, ungafuna okwahlukileyo.
Enye indlela ekrelekrele yokonga imali kukudibanisa izinto ozithumelayo. Ukuba uhlala uthumela iilothi ezincinci ze-LCL ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwindawo enye, unokukwazi ukuphucula iipatheni zakho zokudibanisa, utshintshele kwi-FCL ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ubucwangcisile, okanye usebenzise amazibuko asebenza kakuhle kwaye anamanqanaba aphantsi e-THC.
Kubalulekile nokuba neekowuteshini ezicacileyo. Xa ubuza ngexabiso, ungamxelela umntu othumela i-THC ukuba ifakiwe na, ukuba kunjalo, ukuba ifakiwe kwi-port kwaye ikwinqanaba lini. Abantu abaninzi abanamava okuthumela i-THC banokukunika uthelekiso oluhambelanayo lwexabiso lilonke lendlu ngendlu, kuquka i-THC, kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa i-intanethi okanye iinkonzo.
Okokugqibela, ukukhetha iqabane lezothutho elazi okuninzi malunga neendlela zakho zorhwebo eziphambili kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu. Umthumeli wempahla othumela impahla eTshayina nase-US yonke imihla okanye kwezinye iindlela eziphambili uhlala eseke ubudlelwane neeterminals, ukuqonda kakuhle indlela izinto ezisebenza ngayo kuloo ndawo, kwaye evavanye iindlela zokusebenza ezinciphisa iimpazamo, ukulibaziseka, kunye neentlawulo ezongezelelweyo zasekuhlaleni.
Imizekelo Esebenzayo: Uqikelelo lwe-THC kwiThunyelo lokwenyani
Ukuze siqonde ngcono i-THC, makhe sijonge imizekelo emibini elula. Le ayisiyo irhafu yokwenyani, kodwa ibonisa indlela i-THC ehambelana ngayo nomfanekiso weendleko.
Cinga ngokuthumela i-FCL enye engama-40-foot ukusuka eShenzhen ukuya eLos Angeles enemiqathango ye-FOB. Umthengisi wakho uhlawulela iilori zasekuhlaleni ukuya echwebeni kunye nerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle. Wena, njengomthengi, uhlawulela umthwalo wolwandle.
Umthumeli wempahla yakho usenokuthi:
- Ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa ukusuka eShenzhen ukuya eLos Angeles kubiza i-$1,200.
- I-THC emthonjeni (egutyungelwe ngumthengisi phantsi kwe-FOB): inxalenye yemirhumo yasekuhlaleni yomthengisi
- I-THC kwindawo oya kuyo (eLos Angeles): $320 kwisikhongozeli esingangeenyawo ezingama-40
- Iintlawulo zamaphepha endawo oya kuyo kunye nokhuseleko: US$80
Kulo mzekelo ulula, ujongene ngqo ne-THC kwindawo oya kuyo, apho i-US$320 iyinxalenye "yeentlawulo zendawo oya kuyo." Inxalenye ye-THC isanxulumene neerhafu zesiphelo, ngoko ke isenokungatshintshi rhoqo njengexabiso lokuthutha ulwandle.
Ngoku khawuzibone njengomnini wevenkile ekwi-intanethi othumela iimpahla ze-LCL zisuka eShanghai zisiya eNew York. Izinto ozithunyelelweyo ziyi-5 CBM kunye ne-1,000 kg, kwaye umthamo ohlawuliswayo yi-5 CBM.
Isicatshulwa sakho singabonisa:
- Uthutho lwaselwandle (LCL, ngeCBM nganye): US$60 kwi-5 CBM = US$300
- Iintlawulo zasekuhlaleni zemvelaphi (kubandakanya isabelo se-THC, nge-CBM nganye): US$25 × 5 CBM = US$125
- Iindleko zasekuhlaleni kwindawo oya kuyo (kubandakanya isabelo se-THC, ngokwe-CBM): US$40 × 5 CBM = US$200
Kwiindleko zengingqi nganye ye-CBM, i-THC ixutywe nezinye iinkonzo zikamasipala. Awunakubona umgca we-THC ochanekileyo, kodwa usekhona. Ukuba umntu othumelayo utshintsha i-terminal yokudibanisa okanye amaxabiso e-terminal anyuka, amaxabiso endawo nganye ye-CBM anokutshintsha ukuze abonise amanqanaba amatsha e-THC.
Ungabuza imibuzo ethe ngqo xa usiya kwiikowuteshini ucinga ngeTHC, njengokuthi “Yeyiphi inxalenye yeendleko zasekuhlaleni zokuphatha izikhululo?” Zizinzile kangakanani ezo ndleko? Ngaba kukho ezinye izikhululo okanye iindlela ezinokuba zithembekile okanye ezingabizi kakhulu xa zizonke?
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa kweTopway Okukunceda Ngayo Ukulawula I-THC kunye neNdleko iyonke yeLogistics
I-THC yenye nje yeendawo ezininzi ze-logistics equation yamashishini e-commerce aphesheya kwemida kunye namashishini aphesheya. Iqabane elifanelekileyo le-logistics linokukunceda uqonde kwaye ujongane nezi ndleko ngendlela enceda ishishini lakho liphuhle endaweni yokuhlala likubambe ungalindelanga.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eTshayina, ibingumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida ukusukela ngo-2010. Iqela elisungule linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwerhafu, ligxile kakhulu kwi-US naseTshayina. I-Topway iyazi indlela ukuphathwa kwe-terminal esebenza ngayo kumazibuko amakhulu aseTshayina nakwii-gateways zase-US kuba bebekwishishini ixesha elide. Bayazi nendlela i-THC esebenza ngayo nezinye iindleko zasekuhlaleni ebomini bokwenyani.
Iinkonzo zeTopway zigubungela lonke uthotho lwezinto ezithunyelwayo, ukusuka ekuthatheni iimpahla kwiifektri okanye kwiindawo zokugcina impahla ukuya ekuzigcineni kwamanye amazwe, ukucoca amasiko kwindawo yokuqala neyayisiya kuyo, kunye nokuzihambisa kubathengi bakho bokugqibela okanye kumaziko okuzalisekisa. ITopway inokukunceda ubone umfanekiso wexabiso lilonke, kuquka iTHC, ngokulawula nokulungelelanisa lonke uthotho. Ngale ndlela, akuyi kufuneka ujongane namalungiselelo ahlukeneyo apho kungekho mntu unombono opheleleyo.
I-Topway inikezela ngeenkonzo eziguquguqukayo zomthwalo we-full-container (FCL) kunye nomthwalo we-less-than-container (LCL) wokuthutha ulwandle ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aphambili kwihlabathi liphela. I-Topway inokukunceda ukhethe ukuba i-FCL okanye i-LCL ingcono nini kwishishini lakho, nokuba ukulungele na ukuba nee-container ezipheleleyo okanye usathumela ezincinci. Baza kujonga i-THC, amaxabiso okudibanisa, ixesha lokuhamba, kunye neendlela zakho zokuthengisa.
I-Topway inokudala izisombululo ezikhethekileyo zezothutho ezigcina iindleko zakho zeyunithi nganye zizinzile kubathengisi be-e-commerce abathumela e-US nakwezinye iimarike ezibalulekileyo rhoqo. Oku kunokuthetha ukuphucula iindawo zokudibanisa, ukukhetha ii-terminals ezinezakhiwo ze-THC ezizinzileyo, kunye nokudala amasiko asebenzayo kunye nemisebenzi yokugqibela enciphisa ukulibaziseka, ukuthintela iindleko ezongezelelweyo zokugcina, kwaye kwenze kube lula ukuhlela imali yakho.
Xa usebenza nenkampani efana neTopway Shipping, ufumana iqela elingayazi nje imithetho kunye neerhafu ezibhalwe ephepheni, kodwa nendlela abasebenza ngayo ebomini bokwenyani kumazibuko nakwiitheminali.
isiphelo
Uphawu olukhulu lwe-port logistics yanamhlanje yi-Terminal Handling Charge (THC). Yindleko yokusebenzisa iziseko zophuhliso ze-port, izixhobo, kunye nabasebenzi ukuhambisa iikhonteyina kunye neempahla. Ayiloxabiso "elifihliweyo" ngengqiqo engqongqo, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuliqonda xa libandakanywa kwiindleko zasekuhlaleni okanye xa abathwali kunye nabathumeli abahlukeneyo besebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo ukuyichaza.
Kwabathumeli, ingakumbi abo benza urhwebo lwe-e-commerce oluwela imida okanye urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe oluqhelekileyo, ukwazi i-THC kubalulekile ekwenzeni uqikelelo lweendleko oluchanekileyo kunye nezigqibo zamaxabiso. Ungavavanya iikowuteshini ngokuzithemba kwaye uxoxisane ngokufanelekileyo nababoneleli kunye nabathengi ukuba uyazi ukuba i-THC igubungela ntoni, yahluke njani kwi-demurrage, ukubanjwa, kunye neendleko zamaphepha, kunye nendlela echaphazeleka ngayo luhlobo lwesikhongozeli, izibuko olikhethayo, kunye ne-Incoterms.
Ubungakanani be-THC kwiizibuko ezahlukeneyo nakwii-terminals bunokwahluka kakhulu. Kodwa kufuneka uhlale uzijonga ngokwemeko yecandelo lonke lokuhambisa. Amaxabiso okuthutha impahla elwandle, uthutho lwangaphakathi, amasiko, ukugcina, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla okuya kudlula iyure yokugqibela konke kuyayichaphazela i-THC kunye nokuba uhlawula malini. Ngamanye amaxesha, indlela ene-THC engaphezulu kodwa ethembekileyo inokuba lolona khetho lungcono lweshishini.
Ekugqibeleni, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokujongana ne-THC kukusebenza neqabane lezothutho eliyaziyo imizila yakho yorhwebo kunye nesicwangciso sakho seshishini kwaye livulelekile kwaye lithembekile kuwe. Xa inkampani yobungcali efana neTopway Shipping inyamekela ezothutho zakho ukusuka kwindawo osuka kuyo ukuya kwindawo oya kuyo, i-THC iba yinto eyaziwayo nelawulekayo endaweni yokuba yinto engathandekiyo kwityala lakho.
FAQs
Q: Yintoni kanye kanye iTerminal Handling Charge (THC)?
A: Intlawulo yokuphatha iTerminal yirhafu ehlawulela ukuhambisa izikhongozeli kunye nemithwalo kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Idla ngokubandakanya ukuhambisa nokubeka izinto ebaleni, ukulayisha okanye ukukhulula izikhongozeli kwiinqanawa, kunye neenkqubo zokungena nokuphuma kweenqanawa. Kwimithwalo ye-FCL, i-THC idla ngokuhlawuliswa yisikhongozeli, ngelixa kwimithwalo ye-LCL, idla ngokuhlawuliswa yiyunithi yomthamo okanye ubunzima.
Q: Kutheni i-THC ihlawuliswa ngokwahlukileyo kwimpahla yolwandle?
A: I-THC ihlawulwa ngokwahlukeneyo kuba inento yokwenza nendlela eziphathwa ngayo iimpahla kwiindawo ezithile zokuthutha impahla, kungekhona indlela ezithunyelwa ngayo imigama emide ngolwandle. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle lixabiso lokuthumela impahla phakathi kwamazibuko, ngelixa i-THC lixabiso lokusebenzisa izibonelelo zeendawo zokuthutha impahla kunye nabasebenzi basekuhlaleni ngaphambi nasemva kohambo lolwandle. Ngokwahlula ezi ntlawulo, abathwali kunye neendawo zokuthutha impahla banokutshintsha iirhafu zasekuhlaleni ngaphandle kokutshintsha amaxabiso esiseko sokuthutha impahla.
Q: Ngubani onoxanduva lokuhlawula i-THC, ngumthengi okanye ngumthengisi?
A: Ii-Incoterms ezisetyenzisiweyo kwikhontrakthi yokuthengisa zimisela ukuba ngubani onoxanduva lwe-THC. Kwi-FOB, umthengisi udla ngokuhlawula i-THC yokuqala kwaye umthengi uhlawula i-THC eya kwindawo. Umthengi udla ngokuhlawula i-THC kuzo zombini iindlela xa esebenzisa i-EXW. Umthengisi unokufuneka ahlawule i-THC kwindawo yokuqala nakwindawo eya kuyo ukuba usebenzisa i-DAP okanye i-DDP. Kubalulekile ukubhala phantsi ukuba ngubani onoxanduva lwe-THC kwizibuko ngalinye.
Q: Ngaba i-THC, ukunciphisa uxinezeleko, kunye nokubanjwa zizinto ezifanayo?
A: Hayi, ezi ziintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeentlawulo. I-THC lixabiso lokuthutha izikhongozeli kunye nemithwalo ngesiphelo sendlela. I-Demurrage lixabiso lokugcina elihlawuliswayo xa isikhongozeli sihlala kwisiphelo sendlela ixesha elide kunexesha elivunyelweyo lokukhululeka. Xa isikhongozeli sigcinwe ixesha elide ngaphandle kwesiphelo sendlela, uya kohlwaywa ngokubanjwa. Bonke abathathu banokubonakala kwityala lakho, kodwa bavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Q: Kutheni amazinga e-THC ahluke kangaka phakathi kwamazibuko?
A: Amanani e-THC ahlukile kuba isikhululo ngasinye kufuneka sijongane neendleko zabasebenzi ezahlukeneyo, utyalo-mali lweziseko zophuhliso, ithrafikhi, kunye nemithetho. Nokuba zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, amazibuko amakhulu, azenzekelayo kakhulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo anokuba ne-THC enkulu kuba abiza kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Amasikhululo amancinci okanye aphuhlileyo angahlawulisi i-THC encinci, kodwa kusenokufuneka ulinde ixesha elide okanye ube semngciphekweni wokufika emva kwexesha rhoqo.
Q: Ndingayinciphisa njani impembelelo ye-THC kwixabiso lam lilonke lezothutho?
A: Awunakuyiphepha ngokupheleleyo i-THC, kodwa ungayinciphisa imiphumo yayo ngokukhetha i-Incoterms efanelekileyo, ulungiselele ubungakanani bokuthunyelwa, kunye nokudibanisa imithwalo apho kufanelekileyo. Ukuba usebenza nenkampani yezothutho esele ikho ixesha elide, banokukunceda ukhethe amazibuko, iinkonzo, kunye neendlela ezihambelana kakuhle phakathi kwe-THC, amaxabiso okuthunyelwa, kunye nokuthembeka ngokubanzi. Kubalulekile nokuba cacileyo kwaye uthembeke xa unika iikowuteshini.
Q: Ingaba i-THC isebenza kuphela kwimithwalo ye-FCL, okanye nakwimithwalo ye-LCL?
A: I-THC isebenza kuzo zombini iinqanawa ze-FCL kunye ne-LCL, kodwa ixabiso lahlukile kuzo zombini. Kwi-FCL, i-THC idla ngokuba linqanaba elifanayo kwisikhongozeli ngasinye. Kwi-LCL, i-THC yinxalenye yeentlawulo zokuphatha zasekuhlaleni ezabelwana ngazo ngabathumeli abaninzi kwaye ziboniswa njengentlawulo nge-CBM nganye okanye ngetoni nganye yengeniso. I-THC iya kubandakanywa kwiirhafu ezinkulu zasekuhlaleni zemvelaphi kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo kwiingcaphuno ezininzi ze-LCL.
Q: Ngaba i-THC ikhe ibandakanye irhafu okanye irhafu yerhafu?
A: Hayi, i-THC ayinazo iirhafu, ezifana neerhafu zerhafu, iirhafu zokungenisa impahla, okanye irhafu eyongeziweyo. Abasemagunyeni berhafu baqokelela ezo rhafu kurhulumente. I-THC yintlawulo ehlawuliswa ziiterminals kunye nabathwali ngokuphatha iinkonzo kwizikhululo zezibuko. Ixabiso kunye nohlobo lweemveliso zisetyenziselwa ukubala iindleko zerhafu zerhafu nganye nganye.
Q: Ngaba i-THC ingatshintsha phakathi konyaka emva kokuba ndivumile ngexabiso?
A: I-THC inokutshintsha xa abathwali okanye ii-terminals zitshintsha amaxabiso azo, nto leyo abayenzayo xa iindleko zinyuka okanye imithetho emitsha isebenza. Ukuba unesivumelwano sexesha elide nenkampani yezothutho, ingatsho ukuba olu hlobo lotshintsho kufuneka lwenziwe njani. Kubomi bokwenyani, utshintsho oluncinci kwi-THC luyenzeka rhoqo, kodwa ababoneleli abanobuchule baya kukwazisa malunga naluphi na utshintsho olukhulu oluchaphazela ukuthunyelwa kwakho.
Q: I-Topway Shipping ingandinceda njani ukulawula i-THC ngempumelelo?
A: Ukususela ngo-2010, iTopway Shipping ibigxile kwi-e-commerce logistics ewela imida kwaye iyazi okuninzi malunga nokuthunyelwa kwempahla phakathi kweTshayina ne-US kunye nezinye iindlela zorhwebo ezibalulekileyo. ITopway ingakunika umfanekiso ocacileyo wazo zonke iindleko, kuquka i-THC, ngokulawula lonke uthotho lwezothutho, ukususela kwinqanaba lokuqala lothutho kunye nokugcinwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ukuya ekugqityweni kwerhafu kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla okukhawulezileyo. Banokukunceda ukhethe amazibuko afanelekileyo, amanqanaba enkonzo, kunye neendlela zokuthumela ukuze i-THC ibe yinxalenye enokuqikelelwa nelawulekayo yenkcitho yakho iyonke yezothutho.
