Kutheni iingcaphuno zempahla eziphantsi ezivela eTshayina ukuya eFransi zihlala zithetha ukuphakelwa kwemali phakathi kwendlela ongazange uvumelane nazo
Ukuba imida kwimpahla ethunyelwayo sele incinci kakhulu, ixabiso lempahla elingaphantsi kakhulu kwenani labanye abantu lidla ngokubhukishwa ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kwindlela esuka eChina ukuya eFrance ngo-2026, ixabiso eliphantsi ngokungaqhelekanga alisoloko liluphawu nje lokuba umntu othumela impahla ngobubele. Uninzi lwexesha libonisa ukuba umzila ongasemva kwelo xabiso unesithuba esinye esingazange sichazwe kwiphepha leengcaphuno. Impahla ebonakala ngathi ihamba ngqo ukusuka eShenzhen okanye eNingbo ukuya eLe Havre inokudlula kwizibuko lehabhu, imikhumbi yokudlulisa impahla, iphinde ibekwe kwindawo yokugcina impahla ebotshelelweyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni iye kwindawo yayo yaseFransi. Oku akusemthethweni, okanye akuqhelekanga. Okumangalisayo kukuba abathumeli abasoloko belumkiswa ngayo ngaphambi kokuba basayine.
Eli nqaku lichaza indlela ezisebenza ngayo izinto eziphakathi kwendlela kule ndlela, isizathu sokuba zixhaphake kakhulu ngo-2026 kunakwiminyaka ezolileyo, zibiza malini umthumeli ngexesha kwaye zibeka emngciphekweni nokuba ixabiso lesihloko libonakala lilungile, kunye nendlela yokutolika ixabiso ukuze imilenze efihliweyo ibonakale ngaphambi kokuba isikhongozeli siphume echwebeni.
I-Anatomy yesicatshulwa esithi 'ngqo' esingesiso
Uninzi lweekowuteshini zempahla yaselwandle esuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi ziya kuquka izibuko lokuqala, izibuko lokuya kunye nexesha lokuhamba. Oko baqhele ukungakubandakanyi yishedyuli yokwenyani yenqanawa yomthwali, enokuba nomnxeba omnye okanye ngaphezulu ophakathi ngaphambi kokuba impahla ifike kumhlaba waseFransi. Ukuqinisekiswa kwetikiti kunokubonisa 'iShenzhen ukuya eLe Havre, iintsuku ezingama-38', kodwa umtya wokwenyani wenqanawa uhamba ngeSingapore uze emva koko eRotterdam apho ibhokisi ikhutshwa khona ize ilayishwe kwakhona kwinkonzo yokutya ukuze kufikelelwe kwinqanaba lokugqibela lohambo olufutshane oluya eFransi.
Le yinto eqhelekileyo kulo lonke eli shishini, kwaye ayiyongxaki ngokwayo. Ingxaki kukuba ixabiso eliphantsi lidla ngokuba lelendawo eqeshiweyo kwintambo yomnye umntu kwaye ayilonkonzo ethe ngqo, kwaye umthwalo oqeshiweyo kwi-slot uqala ukuxhuzulwa, uhanjiswe kwakhona okanye uqengqelwe kwinqanawa kamva xa umthamo uncipha. Umthumeli ohlawula ixabiso eliphantsi, ngokwenene, wamkela imeko ephantsi, ngaphandle kokwaziswa ukuba yiloo nto ayenzayo.
| Icandelo | Oko Kuthethwa Yiloo Ngcaphulo | Oko Kudla Ngokwenzeka Ngokwenene |
| Izibuko lemvelaphi yaseTshayina | Inqanawa eya ngqo eFransi | Inqanawa yokuphakela ukutya iye kwindawo yengingqi kuqala |
| Umlenze wolwandle | Umthwali omnye, ibhili enye yomthwalo | Indawo eqeshiweyo kwi-slot kumgca weqabane, ibhukishwe kwakhona ngexesha elifutshane |
| Izibuko lokufika laseYurophu | ILe Havre okanye iMarseille ngqo | IRotterdam, iAntwerp, okanye iHamburg, uze uqhubeke ngolwandle olufutshane okanye ngololiwe |
| Umlenze wangaphakathi | Ilori ithunyelwe ngqo kumntu othunyelweyo | Isuswe kwiqela kwindawo yokugcina impahla ebotshiweyo, iphinda ibekwe epaletini, emva koko ithuthwa ngelori |
| Ukususwa ozenzele kona | Isusiwe kanye kwindawo eya kuyo | Isusiwe kwizibuko lehabhu, ize iphindwe okanye ibhalwe kwakhona ekungeneni kokugqibela |
Akukho nanye kwezi zivumelwano engalunganga ngokwemvelo. Ukudibanisa ngehabhu kunokuba yindlela esebenzayo ngakumbi yemithwalo engaphantsi kwesikhongozeli, kwaye ukuphinda ususwe kwindawo ephakathi kunokufumanisa iziphene zamaphepha ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziingxaki ezinkulu ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ingxaki yokwenyani kukwahlukana phakathi kwesicatshulwa kunye nendlela. Oko kuqhawuka kulapho ukulibaziseka, iindleko ezongezelelweyo, kunye nokuphazamiseka konxibelelwano kudla ngokuba khona.
Kutheni u-2026 esenza oku kube yinto eqhelekileyo, hayi kancinci
Kulo nyaka, uxinzelelo oluninzi luye lwahlangana ukuze kunyanzelwe imithwalo emininzi ukuba ihambe ngendlela ejikelezayo, nangona abathuthi becinga ukuba babhukishe into elula.
Iinqanawa ezininzi ngoku zithatha iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-14 ngaphezulu kuneeshedyuli zangaphambili zeSuez ngenxa yobunzima obuqhubekayo kuLwandle Olubomvu kunye neStrait of Hormuz, ziqhubeka nokunyanzela ukuba zitshintshe indlela ejikeleze iCape of Good Hope. Iinqwelo ziphendula kuloo mgama wongezelelweyo ngokutshintsha iinkonzo kwaye enye impendulo ethandwayo kukudibanisa uthotho lokujikeleza kwengingqi lube linani elincinci leentambo ezinde ezibiza kwiindawo eziphambili zaseMantla Yurophu ngaphambi kokuba zidlulisele imithwalo kwiizibuko ezincinci ngenqanawa yokutya okanye inqanawa emfutshane. Olu tshintsho lunempembelelo ngqo eFransi, efumana inxalenye enkulu yemithamo yayo evela eTshayina ngeLe Havre kunye neMarseille, kodwa nakwezinye iizibuko ezifana neRotterdam, iAntwerp kunye neHamburg njengeendawo zokungena zesibini.
Okwangoku, ukuxinana kweenqanawa kwiindawo ezinkulu zaseTshayina ezifana neShanghai, iNingbo-Zhoushan, iShenzhen kunye neQingdao kuqhubekile nokubaleka ngaphezu kwamanqanaba aqhelekileyo ngaphambi kowama-2026, kunye nokulibaziseka kweentsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezili-10 xa ziqala. Rhoqo inqanawa ebambezeleka kwifestile yayo yokunduluka ecwangcisiweyo kuba ilinde indawo yokulala idla ngokuphoswa yinkonzo yayo yokuxhuma kwizibuko elilandelayo, nto leyo enokubandakanya umjikelo opheleleyo wenqanawa, rhoqo iveki okanye ngaphezulu, ngaphambi kokuba umthwalo uphinde udibane nenkonzo eya eFransi.
Emva koko kukho ukuhamba ngenqanawa okungenazo iinqanawa, apho umthwali erhoxisa uhambo lokuhamba ngenqanawa olwalubhengezwe ngaphambili ukuze kugcinwe umthamo wonke ulawulwa. Ukuthunyelwa okubhukishwe kwindlela ethe ngqo kunokubangela ukuba inkonzo irhoxiswe ngesaziso esifutshane kwaye inkxaso yomthwali idla ngokuqengqeleka loo mthwalo kuyo nayiphi na indawo ekhoyo, nto leyo edla ngokuba yindlela yokuhambisa impahla endaweni yokutshintsha indlela.
Ixabiso Elifihliweyo Alisoloko Liyimali. Ngamanye amaxesha Lixesha Nokubonakala
Uqikelelo lomthwalo othe ngqo odlula kwizibuko eliphakathi lunokuba nefuthe elincinci okanye lingabi naxabiso konke konke, ukuba nje lowo uthumela impahla udla umahluko. Ixabiso eliphezulu lidla ngokubonakala kwezinye iindawo ezimbini: ukuqinisekiswa kwexesha kunye nokubonakala kokulandelela.
Ngokwexesha elicwangcisiweyo, idatha yomqhubi we-China to France DDP marine lane ityhila ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-91% yemithwalo yokungena emnyango ifika kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-45 ukuya kwezingama-55, kunye nepesenti ephantsi, malunga ne-7%, kwiintsuku ezingama-55 ukuya kwezingama-65, kunye ne-2% kwiintsuku ezingama-65 okanye ezingama-75. Loo msila mide wenziwe ngokungalinganiyo yimithwalo efumana ukudluliselwa okungalindelekanga, ikhonkco elilahlekileyo, okanye isiganeko sokuphinda sikhutshwe kwizibuko eliphakathi. Umthumeli ocaphule kwisiphelo esisezantsi soluhlu aze agqibe kwisithuba eso ufumene ngempumelelo iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ezongezelelweyo zemali yokusebenza ebotshelelwe kuthutho, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwifenitshala, izixhobo zokomelela, izixhobo kunye nezinye iimpahla ezinkulu apho amaxabiso eyunithi ephezulu kwaye indawo yokugcina kwindawo esiya kuyo idla ngokucwangciswa kwangaphambili kwisithuba esithile sokuhanjiswa.
| Iphethini yokuhambisa indlela | Uhambo Oluqhelekileyo Lokungena Emnyango Ngendlu (2026) | Apho Ixesha Lilahlekileyo |
| Umnxeba ngqo, eShenzhen/Shanghai ukuya eLe Havre | Phantse iintsuku ezingama-45 ukuya kwezingama-55, malunga ne-91% yezinto ezithunyelweyo | Ixesha lokuthula phakathi kolwandle leentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-14, kunye nokuhlolwa kokufaka iifayile ze-ICS2 |
| Ukuhanjiswa ngeRotterdam/Antwerp | Iintsuku ezingama-55 ukuya kuma-65 malunga ne-7% yezinto ezithunyelweyo | Umnxeba wezibuko owongezelelweyo, ukubuyiselwa kwesikhongozeli, ukulinda okunokwenzeka kwebhethi |
| Ukudluliselwa kwempahla okanye ukuqengqeleka okuninzi | Iintsuku ezingama-65 ukuya kwezingama-75 malunga ne-2% yezinto ezithunyelweyo | Unxibelelwano lwe-feeder oluphosiweyo, ukulibaziseka komjikelo wenqanawa epheleleyo, ukususwa kwakhona |
Ngokuphathelele ukubonakala, indlela engathanga ngqo idla ngokubangela izikhewu ezininzi kwixesha lokulandelela, endaweni yokuba zimbalwa. Ngalo lonke ixesha umthwalo udluliselwa ukusuka kwenye inqanawa ukuya kwenye kukho ixesha apho imeko yesikhongozeli "ihamba phakathi kwezibonelelo" ngaphandle kohlaziyo oluyi-granular kwaye yonke isiganeko esongezelelweyo sokususwa kwerhafu kwizibuko eliphakathi yindawo apho amaxwebhu anokuma ngaphandle kwezaziso zexesha langempela kumthengisi. Kwinqanawa ethe ngqo kukho isigaba esiqhelekileyo sokuthula phakathi kolwandle seentsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezilishumi elinesine apho uhlaziyo olulodwa luyindawo yesathelayithi ye-AIS, kodwa kwindlela eneenyawo ezininzi oku kuba ngamaxesha amabini okanye amathathu ahlukeneyo okuthula.
Ibhokisi emnyama yeCustoms Clearance iyanda kakhulu xa ihanjiswa
Ukususela ngoSeptemba 2025, zonke iintlobo zothutho ziya kufuneka zingenise iSibhengezo sesishwankathelo soNgeniso phantsi kweNkqubo yoLawulo lokungenisa impahla 2, ngokuhambelana nayo yonke iManyano yaseYurophu kunye neFransi. Imfuneko enzima namhlanje kukufumana ifayile ichanekile ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ifike, kunye neenkcazo zemveliso ezichanekileyo, iikhowudi ze-HS kunye neenkcukacha zamaqela, kwaye ukufakwa kweefayili ezinganelanga kunokukhokelela ekubanjweni okungapheliyo kwixesha lonke lokuhanjiswa.
Ukufaka ifayili enye, umthengisi omnye, inqaku elinye lokungaphumeleli xa ukuthunyelwa kudlula kummandla omnye werhafu. Ukuba kukho ukudluliselwa kwerhafu, masithi ngeRotterdam ngaphambi kokuba uye kwidilesi yesiFrentshi, kunokubakho indawo yokufikelela kwirhafu eyongezelelweyo kwizibuko lehabhu nangona umthwalo usendleleni kwaye ungangeniswanga ngokusesikweni apho. Ukuba umntu othumela irhafu kuloo mlenze usebenzisa umthengisi owahlukileyo kunalowo wenza imvume yerhafu yesiFrentshi, ngoko ke umntu othumela irhafu ngoku uxhomekeke kumaqela amabini ahlukeneyo ukuba anxibelelane ngolwazi ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo. Isicelo esingqongqo seFransi se-EU Common External Tariff kwiikhowudi ze-HS ezingachazwanga kakuhle sele sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokulibaziseka kwerhafu kule ndlela. Yongeza indawo yokufikelela kwirhafu yesibini kumxube, kunye namathuba okuba uxwebhu lungangqinelani abangele ukwanda komlinganiselo.
Kulapho ixabiso lomthumeli ophethe irhafu ngaphakathi liba lokwenyani kwaye kungabi yingcamango nje kuphela. I-Topway Shipping eseShenzhen, ebisebenza ukusukela ngo-2010, imisele inkonzo yayo ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi ngendlela yokuba amaxwebhu, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhowudi ye-HS kunye neemfuno zokufaka i-ICS2 ziqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba impahla ihambe, kwaye iqela elifanayo ligcina umkhondo womgama wolwandle, nawuphi na umsebenzi wokudibanisa okanye wehabhu, kunye nokugqitywa kokugqibela kunye nokuhanjiswa eFransi. Ukubaluleka kolu qhubekeko kukuba isusa ukudluliselwa phakathi kwabathengisi, xa ulwazi lunokulahleka.
Indlela Yokufunda Isicatshulwa Ukuze Imilenze Efihliweyo Ibonakale
Uninzi lwezinto ezibalulekileyo ludla ngokubuzwa yimibuzo ethile ngaphambi kokuba ubhukishe, kungekhona emva kokuba ufumene loo imeyile yokulibazisa.
1. Buza ukuba ixesha lokuhamba elibonisiweyo lelokubiza ngqo okanye ukutshintshela kwinqanawa, kwaye ukuba yitransshipment, lidlula kweyiphi i-transshipment port. Umntu onokuphendula oku ngokukhawuleza ngegama lokwenyani lenqanawa kunye nokujikeleza usebenzisa idatha yokwenyani yeshedyuli, kungekhona umndilili wendlela eqhelekileyo.
Okwesibini, buza ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uhambo olwalubhukishwe ekuqaleni lurhoxisiwe okanye lujikwe. Ngaba ukuphinda ubuye kuza kuqhubeka kwindlela efanayo okanye kungagqibeki nakweyiphi na indawo ekhoyo, mhlawumbi kongezwe ukudluliselwa kohambo okwakungekho kwisicwangciso sokuqala? Abathumeli ababhukisha kwangaphambili - iintsuku ezili-14 ngaphambili zemithwalo epheleleyo yesikhongozeli kunye neeveki ezintathu ukuya kwezine ngaphambili ngexesha lexesha elixakekileyo ukusuka ngo-Agasti ukuya ku-Okthobha, okanye malunga neeholide ezinkulu zaseTshayina - banenkululeko engakumbi yokujongana nolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka ngaphandle kokuya kwiindlela ezingathanga ngqo.
Okwesithathu, ngokukodwa xa kuthunyelwa umthwalo omncinci kuneekhonteyina, buza ukuba kwenziwa njani ukuhlanganiswa kwempahla kwicala laseFransi. Impahla ye-LCL kweli tshaneli iphantse idityaniswe kwindawo ebotshelelweyo ngaphambi kokuba ifike okokugqibela, nto leyo eluhlobo lokuhanjiswa okucwangcisiweyo, kodwa umgangatho waloo msebenzi uyahluka kakhulu. Umntu onamava okudibanisa impahla kwicala laseFransi unokunciphisa ixesha lokuhlala kweli nqanaba. Umntu othumela impahla esebenza nge-arhente yasekuhlaleni engaphantsi kwekhontrakthi unokongeza iintsuku apha ezingabonakaliyo naphi na kuqikelelo lokuqala lokuthutha impahla.
Okwesine, nokuba bungakanani na uthutho, buza ukuba ngubani okhupha impahla kwi-asethi ngalo lonke ixesha xa impahla iwela umda, kwaye ukuba liqela elinye okanye uninzi lwabarhwebi abangaphantsi kwesivumelwano. Ingongoma enye yoxanduva lwempahla kwi-asethi ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekuhanjisweni kwempahla eFransi yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zokulibaziseka okungalindelekanga kwempahla enkulu efana nefenitshala, ii-treadmill, izitulo zokumasaja, iibhedi, ii-scooter kunye nezinye iindidi ezifanayo ezihlala zihamba kule ndlela.
Indlela Ebonakala Ngayo Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Kwindlu Ngendlu Okucatshulwe Ngendlela Eyinyaniso
Kwindawo yanamhlanje ejikelezwe yiCape, uqikelelo oluchanekileyo oluvela kumzi-mveliso waseTshayina ukuya kwidilesi yaseFransi ye-DDP yokuthutha imithwalo emikhulu lumalunga neentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-40, kunye nexesha elipheleleyo lokufika emnyango nomnyango, kubandakanya izithethe kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla kokugqibela, ukufika kuluhlu lweentsuku ezingama-45 ukuya kwezingama-65 kuninzi lwempahla ethunyelwayo. Iingcaphuno ezibonelela ngamaxesha akhawulezileyo okungena emnyango nomnyango kodwa ezingachazi ngqo inqanawa kunye nendawo enye yokucoca zifanelekile umbuzo olandelayo, kungekhona ukuba kuyaliwa, kodwa kucaciswe ukuba zeziphi kanye kanye iinqanaba uqikelelo olukhawulezileyo olucinga ngazo.
I-Topway Shipping ibonelela ngenkonzo yale ndlela equka uthutho lokuqala oluvela kumzi-mveliso okanye kumthengisi, uthutho lwaselwandle olubhukishwe ngeliso lokujikeleza kweenqanawa zokwenyani endaweni yomyinge weendlela eziqhelekileyo, phesheya kwezilwandle. ukugcina apho kufuneka ukuhlanganiswa okanye ukubekwa kweendawo, ukususwa kwerhafu yiqela elingaphakathi eliqhelene neemfuno zokuhlelwa kwe-EU Common External Tariff, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweekhilomitha zokugqibela kwidilesi yokugqibela yesiFrentshi. Le nkampani ikwabonelela ngomthwalo opheleleyo wesikhongozeli oguquguqukayo kunye neendlela ezingaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, okuvumela abathumeli ukuba bafanise ubungakanani bokuthunyelwa kunye nendlela enengqiqo, endaweni yokusilela ukuhlanganiswa kwayo nayiphi na ikowuteshini ephantsi eyenziweyo.
isiphelo
Uqikelelo oluphantsi kwindlela eya eTshayina ukuya eFransi alukho xabiso libi kwaye ukudluliselwa kwempahla akuyongxaki ngokuyimfuneko. Ingxaki ifika xa ixabiso elichaziweyo kunye nendlela ehanjiswa ngayo ingahambelani, kwaye olo qhawuko alubonakali de kube emva kokuba impahla sele iphumile echwebeni kwaye umyalezo wokulibaziseka uvela ngaphandle komxholo. Umda wokudluliselwa okungacwangciswanga ukuba ube libaziseko lokwenyani mncinci kunangaphambili, kwindawo apho ukutshintshwa kwendlela eKapa sele kongeze iveki enye ukuya kwezimbini kumaxesha okuqala okuthutha, apho ukuxinana kwezibuko kwiindawo zaseTshayina kongeza ezinye iintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezilishumi ngaphezu koko, kwaye apho iimfuno zokufaka i-ICS2 zinyuse umngcipheko kumaxwebhu eerhafu. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba isaphulelo esikwiphepha kunye nohambo oluthathwa yimpahla ngokwenene yinto enye kukubuza imibuzo efanelekileyo ngaphambi kokubhukisha, kwaye usebenze nomntu othumela impahla ogcina ukubonakala kunye noxanduva lwerhafu kuyo yonke indlela, endaweni yokuhambisa impahla phakathi kwamaqela angaxhunyiwe.
FAQs
Q: Ngaba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla rhoqo kuthetha ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwam kuza kubuya emva kwexesha?
A: Hayi. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okuninzi kwenzeka ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo kwaye kongeza ixesha elincinci okanye kongeza ixesha elingephi. Ingozi iphezulu kakhulu ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla akuqukwanga kuqikelelo lokuqala lokuhamba njengoko oku kuthetha ukuba impahla ibuyiselwe kwindlela emva kokubhukisha.
Q: Ndingayazi njani ukuba isicatshulwa sam sithetha ukuba uhambo luqhutywa ngqo okanye luqhutywa kwindawo enkulu?
A: Buza umntu othumela inqanawa ngegama lokwenyani lenqanawa kunye nokujikeleza kwezibuko kwindawo yokubhukisha. Isicatshulwa esisekelwe kwidatha yeshedyuli yokwenyani siya kuquka oku; isicatshulwa esiqhelekileyo sendlela eqhelekileyo ngokubanzi asiyi.
Q: Ngaba i-ICS2 iyayichaphazela impahla edlula kwelinye ilizwe le-EU ngaphambi kokuba ifike eFransi?
A: Ewe. I-ICS2 ifuna isibhengezo sesishwankathelo sokungeniswa ngaphambi kokufika kuzo zonke iintlobo zothutho, kwaye iindawo ezintsha zokunxibelelana kwizibuko eziphakathi ze-EU zinokuvelisa amathuba angakumbi okungenisa izikhalazo ukuba azilawulwa liqela elimanyeneyo.
Q: Ngaba kufanelekile ukuhlawula ngaphezulu isiqinisekiso sendlela ethe ngqo?
A: Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bexesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Indleko yemeko yokulibaziseka komsila omde (iintsuku ezingama-65 ukuya kuma-75 xa kuthelekiswa neentsuku ezingama-45 ukuya kuma-55) ngokubanzi iphezulu kunexabiso elifunekayo lokuhambisa impahla ngendlela ethembekileyo ukuba ufuna ukuhambisa impahla ngomhla othile.
