26/12/2025

Kusho ukuthini i-CNF? Umehluko ku-FOB naku-CIF

Okuqukethwe

Isingeniso

Uma ubhekene nokuhweba kwamazwe ngamazwe, izingcaphuno zokuthumela, noma ukuhweba nge-inthanethi okwenziwa ngaphesheya kwemingcele, usuke wabona imisho efana ne-CNF, i-FOB, ne-CIF esetshenziswa kuma-imeyili nasezinkontilekeni. Kubonakala sengathi iyafana, kodwa ngayinye iyashintsha ukuthi ubani okhokhela ini nokuthi ubani othatha ingozi ngezikhathi ezahlukene phakathi nohambo.

Abantu abangaqondi la magama amathathu bangase balwe, kudingeke bakhokhe imali engalindelekile echwebeni lokuya kulo, futhi kudingeke balinde iphakheji yabo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma usuyazi ukuthi i-CNF isebenza kanjani nokuthi ihluke kanjani ku-FOB kanye ne-CIF, kulula kakhulu ukukhetha ukuthunyelwa.

Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi i-CNF isho ukuthini ngempela empeleni, ukuthi ihluke kanjani ku-FOB kanye ne-CIF, ukuthi yiziphi izindleko kanye nezingozi ezithathwa yicala ngalinye, nokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani igama elifanele ibhizinisi lakho, ikakhulukazi uma uthumela usuka eShayina uye kwamanye amazwe.

Isho ukuthini i-CNF?

I-CNF vs CFR - Ingabe Ziyafana?

I-International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) isebenzisa igama elithi “CFR” (Izindleko kanye Nempahla) kuma-Incoterms amanje. Empilweni yangempela, abadayisi abaningi, abathumeli bempahla, kanye nabaphakeli basasebenzisa i-CNF noma i-C&F, ikakhulukazi e-Asia kanye namadokhumenti amadala.

Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela:

I-C&F = I-CNF = I-CFR (kwabaningi bebhizinisi)
Bobathathu basho into efanayo:
Umthengisi ukhokhela imikhiqizo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwayo echwebeni eliqondiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuba izimpahla zibekwe emkhunjini echwebeni lokuthunyelwa, umthengi uthatha ingozi.

Ungacabanga ngokufanele nge-“CNF Los Angeles” noma i-“C&F Hamburg” njenge-CFR ngaphansi kwe-Incoterms.

Lokho Okumbozwa Yi-CNF Ngempela

Umthengisi unesibopho salokhu okulandelayo ngaphansi kwegama le-CNF/CFR:

Izinto kanye nokupakishwa kwazo
Ukuthutha izimpahla zisuka ezweni elithumela impahla kwamanye amazwe ziye echwebeni lokuthunyelwa kwempahla
Ukuvunyelwa kwentela kanye namaphepha okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe
Ukuphathwa esikhumulweni sezindiza echwebeni lokulayisha (kuya ngemikhuba yendawo kanye nenkontileka)
Impahla eyinhloko yolwandle (izindleko kanye nempahla) iya echwebeni elishiwoyo.

Umthengi uphethe:

Umshwalense (ngaphandle kokuthi utholwe ngokwehlukana)
Kukhona ithuba lokulahlekelwa noma lomonakalo ngokushesha nje lapho izinto sezingaphakathi komkhumbi.
Izindleko echwebeni lokuya kulo (ukwehlisa umthwalo kanye nokuphathwa kwesiteshi uma kungafakiwe emthwalweni)
Izindleko zokungenisa kanye nezintela kanye nemikhuba yokuhlanza
Ukuthuthwa komhlaba kusuka echwebeni lapho uya khona kuya endaweni yokugcina yokulethwa

Okubalulekile: Umthengisi unesibopho sokuhambisa izimpahla echwebeni eliya kulo ngaphansi kwe-CNF, kodwa ingozi idlula kusenesikhathi kakhulu, echwebeni lokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla lapho impahla isebhodini.

Indlela i-CNF esebenza ngayo ekuthunyelweni okuvamile

Isimo Esilula Sesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

Cabanga ngomthengisi eShenzhen othumela ama-pallet ayi-10 kagesi kumakhasimende aseLos Angeles nge-CNF Los Angeles:

Umthengisi uhlela ukuthi amaloli athathe izimpahla enqolobaneni yawo aziyise echwebeni laseYantian noma eShekou eShenzhen.
Umthengisi unakekela ukulethwa kwezimpahla ngempahla yamasiko eShayina.
Umthengisi wenza amalungiselelo okuthutha izimpahla zasolwandle ezivela eShenzhen ziya ePort of Los Angeles.
Uma izitsha sezingene emkhunjini, umthengi uzibeka engcupheni.
Isikebhe siya eLos Angeles. Ikhasimende linesibopho sanoma yimuphi umonakalo owenzeka emikhiqizweni ngemva kokulayishwa, njengomonakalo obangelwa ulwandle olunolaka, ngaphandle kokuthi lithenge. umshwalense wezimpahla.
ELos Angeles, umthengi (noma i-ejenti yomthengi noma umthumeli wezimpahla) ukhokha:
- Izinkokhelo ethekwini okuyiwa kulo
- Ukusulwa kwentela, izintela, kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo
- Ukuthutha izimpahla ziye endaweni yazo yokugcina impahla noma esikhungweni sokugcwalisa ngomhlaba

Umthengi usenesibopho sanoma yimuphi umonakalo noma ukulahlekelwa okwenzeka phakathi nohambo, noma ngabe umthengisi ukhokhele "izindleko nempahla" eya eLos Angeles kusenesikhathi.

I-CNF vs FOB vs CIF: Umehluko Omkhulu

Ukuze uqonde umehluko ngokucacile, kuyasiza ukuqhathanisa ukuthi ubani okhokhela ini nokuthi ingozi ishintsha nini.

Ukuqhathanisa Okuphezulu

I-FOB (Mahhala Ugibele): Umthengi uthatha izindleko kanye nengozi kusenesikhathi.
I-CNF/CFR (Izindleko kanye Nokuthutha)Umthengisi ukhokhela imithwalo yolwandle, kodwa ingozi ithuthela kumthengi echwebeni lokulayisha.
I-CIF (Izindleko, Umshwalense, Nezimpahla)Lokhu kufana ne-CNF ngezindleko kanye nengozi, kodwa umthengisi uphinde abeke umshwalense omncane.

Imithwalo yemfanelo ngokwesikhathi

Nasi ithebula lokuqhathanisa elenziwe lula:

aspect	I-FOB (Mahhala Ugibele)	I-CNF / CFR (Izindleko kanye Nokuthutha)	I-CIF (Izindleko, Umshwalense kanye Nezimpahla)
Ubani ohlela intela yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe?	Ngokuvamile Umthengisi	Umthengisi	Umthengisi
Ubani okhokhela ezokuthutha zangaphakathi ezweni (ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe)?	Ngokuvamile Umthengisi	Umthengisi	Umthengisi
Ubani okhokhela imithwalo emikhulu yolwandle?	Umthengi	Umthengisi	Umthengisi
Ubani ohlela umshwalense wempahla?	Ngokuvamile Umthengi	Umthengi (akafakiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo)	Umthengisi (ikhava encane)
Indawo lapho ukudluliselwa khona kwengozi	Uma izimpahla zisesikebheni echwebeni lokulayisha	Uma izimpahla zisesikebheni echwebeni lokulayisha	Uma izimpahla zisesikebheni echwebeni lokulayisha
Ubani okhokha izindleko zechweba lokuya kulo?	Umthengi	Umthengi	Umthengi
Ubani ophatha intela yempahla engenayo kanye neyokungenisa?	Umthengi	Umthengi	Umthengi
Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile	Umthengi ufuna ukulawula imithwalo kanye nabathwali	Umthengi ufuna umthengisi akhokhe imithwalo kodwa aphathe ubungozi/umshwalense ngokwehlukana	Umthengi ufuna impahla kanye nomshuwalense oyisisekelo kufakwe

Zonke lezi zinkulumo ezintathu zithi ukudluliselwa kwengozi kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa: lapho impahla ilayishwa emkhunjini echwebeni lokuthunyelwa. Into eyinhloko eshintshayo ukuthi ubani okhokhela ukuthunyelwa nokuthi ubani othola umshwalense.

I-CNF vs FOB: Ubani Okufanele Asebenzise Yikuphi?

Uma i-FOB Inengqondo Kakhulu

I-FOB ithandwa kakhulu ngamakhasimende amakhulu kanye nabangenisi abanolwazi. Uma ivame ukuthandwa:

Umthengi unobudlelwano obuhle nezinkampani zokuthumela impahla noma izinkampani ezithumela impahla kanye namanani.
Umthengi ufuna ukuphatha:
- Ukukhetha inkampani yokuthutha
- Amashejuli okuhamba ngomkhumbi
- Amaphethini okuhambisa kanye nokudlulisa
Umthengi unezinhlelo zokubona kahle futhi angangeza idatha yempahla ku-ERP/WMS yakhe.

Uma izinto zisebhodini, umthengi ukhokhela imithwalo yasolwandle futhi uphethe imithwalo. Uma umthengi eyazi imakethe futhi enamandla amaningi okuxoxisana, lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni kwezindleko zizonke.

Uma i-CNF ilula kakhulu

I-CNF iyakhanga uma:

Umthengi ufuna ikhotheshini elula ukuyiqonda futhi ehlanganisa izindleko zokuthunyelwa ngomkhumbi ukuya echwebeni lapho uya khona.
Ikhasimende lisafunda ngezokuthutha futhi lingathanda ukuthi umthengisi aphathe uhlangothi lokuthumela nokuthumela izinto kwamanye amazwe.
Ikhasimende alithengi okuningi kakhulu futhi lingase lingakwazi ukuthola izindleko zokuthumela ezinhle lodwa.
Umthengisi nomthengi banobudlelwano obuhle, futhi umthengisi uthembekile.

E-commerce ye-e-federal, umthengi uvame ukuxoxisana ngamanani e-CNF echwebeni elikhulu lesango bese kuba nabalingani bakhe bendawo abaphatha ukusulwa kwempahla kanye nokulethwa kokugcina.

I-CNF vs i-CIF: Uyini Umehluko Wangempela?

I-CIF ne-CNF zibukeka zifana kakhulu ephepheni. Umshuwalense umehluko omkhulu.

Isibopho Somshwalense

Umthengisi akudingeki ahlinzeke ngomshwalense ngaphansi kwe-CNF/CFR. Uma umthengi efuna ukuvikelwa kulo lonke uhambo lwakhe lolwandle, kudingeka abe nomshwalense wakhe wempahla.
Ngaphansi kwe-CIF, umthengisi kumele athole okungenani umshwalense wempahla oyisisekelo (ngokuvamile i-Institute Cargo Clauses C noma into efanayo) ehlanganisa okungenani inani le-invoyisi kanye no-10%. Lokhu kuhloswe ukuba yisivikelo esiyisisekelo uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.

Kodwa iphuzu lapho ingozi idluliselwa khona lisafana kokubili ku-CNF naku-CIF: lapho impahla isesikebheni. Umshwalense awushintshi ukudluliselwa kwengozi okusemthethweni; umane nje ukukunikeza inethi yokuphepha.

Impumelelo Ewusizo

Ngokusebenza:

I-CIF ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho abathengi bengazi okuningi ngomshuwalense futhi befuna ikhambi elihlanganisa konke.
Abanye abathengi abahlakaniphile njenge-CNF bangcono futhi basungule umshwalense wabo ophelele, njenge-Institute Cargo Clauses A (zonke izingozi), osekelwe kuphrofayela yabo yengozi.

Uma uxuba i-CNF ne-CIF, ungacabanga ukuthi umshwalense ufakiwe kanti awufakiwe, bese uthola ngemuva kokulahlekelwa ukuthi akukho nqubomgomo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukufunda leli gama ngokucophelela futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyazi ukuthi umshwalense ufakiwe yini.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindleko Nezingozi: I-CNF vs FOB vs CIF

Ukuze ubone ukuthi igama ngalinye lithinta kanjani izimali zomthengisi, kuyasiza ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukuthi umthwalo wemfanelo womthengisi uhamba ibanga elingakanani.

Ukumbozwa Kwezindleko Ngokwesikhathi

Cabanga ngohambo njengolunezingxenye eziningana:

Ifektri noma i-warehouse yomthengisi
Ukuthutha amaloli ngaphakathi nezwe ukuya echwebeni lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe
Ukuphathwa echwebeni lokuthumela ngaphandle kanye namasiko okuhlanza
Imithwalo yolwandle eya echwebeni lapho uya khona
Imali yechweba lokuya kulo
Ukuhamba ngamaloli kusuka echwebeni kuya endaweni yokugcina impahla yomthengi

Indlela elula yokubheka ukuthi ubani obangela izindleko:

Isigaba Sohambo	Fob	I-CNF / CFR	Cif
1. Ifektri/indlu yokugcina impahla yomthengisi	Umthengisi	Umthengisi	Umthengisi
2. Ukuthutha ngamaloli angaphakathi nezwe ukuze kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe	Umthengisi	Umthengisi	Umthengisi
3. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuphathwa kwembobo (uhlangothi lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe)	Umthengisi	Umthengisi	Umthengisi
4. Imithwalo yolwandle eya echwebeni eliya kulo	Umthengi	Umthengisi	Umthengisi
5. Umshwalense wonyawo lolwandle	Umthengi (uma kudingeka)	Umthengi (uma kudingeka)	Umthengisi
6. Izindleko zechweba lokuya endaweni	Umthengi	Umthengi	Umthengi
7. Ukuthutha ngamaloli angaphakathi nezwe ukuya enqolobaneni yomthengi	Umthengi	Umthengi	Umthengi

Leli lungiselelo libonisa ukuthi i-CNF ne-CIF zibeka izindleko eziphezulu kumthengisi, kodwa azikho ingozi enkulu. Ingozi isaqhubeka nokufika endaweni yokulayisha.

Ukungaqondi Okuvamile Nge-CNF

“Umthengisi Unomthwalo Wemfanelo Kuze Kufike Izimpahla Echwebeni Eliya Kuyo”

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi umthengisi uthatha yonke ingozi kuze kube yilapho izimpahla zifika echwebeni eliqondiwe ngoba ukhokhela ukuthunyelwa. Akunjalo nge-CNF. Uma izinto sezifakiwe, ingozi idlula ngokusemthethweni echwebeni lokulayisha.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma impahla ibhujiswa isesendleleni futhi kungekho mshwalense, umthengi nguyena okumele ayikhokhele, yize engazange ayibhukhe impahla.

"I-CNF Ifaka Zonke Izindleko Zokuya"

Izindleko kanye nomthwalo oya echwebeni eliqondiwe kufakiwe ku-CNF, yize kungafaki ngokuzenzakalelayo:

Izimali zokuphatha endaweni yokugcina izinto
Imali yokugcina izinto echwebeni
Imali yokuhlolwa kwentela (uma ikhona)
Intela efana ne-VAT, imisebenzi, nokunye
Ukuthutha izimpahla phezu komhlaba

Lezi zindleko zokufika endaweni oya kuyo zingaba ziningi. Abathengi kufanele bahlale bebuza umthengisi wabo noma umlingani wezokuthutha ukuthi ziyini izimali ezivamile zokuya lapho ziya khona ngezimpahla zabo nendawo abaya kuyo.

"I-CNF Ihlala Ishibhile Kune-FOB"

Ngezinye izikhathi abahlinzeki bakunikeza isilinganiso esihle se-CNF ukuze benze okunikezwayo kwabo kubukeke kungcono, kodwa bangasebenzisa:

Imizila emide yokuhamba
Izinkampani zokuthwala ezingathembekile kangako
Izimali ezengeziwe ezifihliwe ekuphatheni noma ezimalini zamaphepha zendawo oya kuyo

I-FOB ingaba eshibhile iyonke uma umthengi enezinga elihle lokuthumela futhi ekhetha izindlela ezinhle kakhulu. Inketho "eshibhile" ephepheni ngokuvamile akuyona leyo ebiza kancane iyonke.

Kufanele Ukhethe Nini I-CNF?

Amacala Okusetshenziswa Okuhle Kwe-CNF

Uma i-CNF ingumqondo omuhle:

Usanda kuqala ukungenisa impahla futhi ufuna umthengisi anakekele izingxenye ezinzima zokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe.
Umthamo wakho uphakathi nendawo, futhi awunawo amandla amaningi okuthenga uma kukhulunywa ngempahla.
Uthumela izinto emachwebeni amatasa emhlabeni wonke njengeLos Angeles, eNew York, eRotterdam, eHamburg, eSingapore, nakwamanye lapho izindleko zokuthumela ziphansi futhi kulula ukuziqonda.
Kungcono usebenze nomuntu wendawo othumela impahla endaweni oya kuyo owazi imakethe yakho, imithetho yamasiko, kanye nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuyisa izinto ebangeni lokugcina.

Lapho i-CNF ingase ingabi yinto efanelekile

Uma i-CNF ingakulungeli, kungenzeka ukuthi ayifaneleki:

Ufuna ukwazi ukubona nokulawula izindleko zakho konke kusukela esitshalweni kuya endaweni yokugcina impahla.
Udinga amashejuli ohambo lokuhamba ngomkhumbi akhethekile noma izinkampani zokuthutha ukuze zihambisane nezikhathi ezithile lapho isitolo sakho singamukela khona izimpahla noma lapho une-aphoyintimenti ye-Amazon FBA.
Unezinkontileka zokuthutha eziqinile noma uyingxenye yeqembu labathengi abathola amanani angcono.
Umhlinzeki wakho wezokuthutha kufanele afake umshwalense ohlanganisiwe, ukulandelela, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha.

I-FOB noma i-EXW (Ex Works) ngesisombululo sakho sokuthutha impahla kungaba ngcono kwezinye izimo.

Amathiphu Awusizo Okusebenzisa i-CNF Ezinkontilekeni Zangempela

Yiba Neqiniso Ngechweba Eliqanjwe Ngalo

Njalo sho ichweba langempela lokuya kulo, kanje:

I-CNF yaseLos Angeles
I-CNF eNew York (NY/NJ)
I-CNF Rotterdam
I-CNF Felixstowe

Ungasebenzisi amagama ajwayelekile njengelithi “CNF USA” noma “CNF Europe.” Uma ukhuluma ngokuqondile, mancane amathuba okuba othile athole umbono ongalungile.

Cacisa ukuthi ubani okhokhela ukuthi yiziphi izindleko zechweba

Buza umhlinzeki wakho noma umlingani wakho wezimpahla:

Ingabe intengo ye-CNF iyamboza ukuphathwa kwesiteshi sokuthumela ngaphandle?
Ingabe kukhona “izindleko zendawo” endaweni yokuqala ezizokhokhiswa ngokwehlukana?
Zingakanani izimali zechweba lokuya kulo?

Kungaba usizo kakhulu ukuthola incazelo yezindleko zesampula zokuthunyelwa okuvele kuthunyelwe.

Xoxa Ngomshuwalense Ngokucacile

Umshwalense awufakiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-CNF. Khetha:

Uzothola umshwalense wakho wempahla?
Ungathanda yini ukuthi umthengisi noma inkampani yokuthumela impahla efana neTopway Shipping inikeze umshwalense njengento eyengeziwe?
Udinga izinga elingakanani lokumbozwa? (ubuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nengozi yonke)

Ulimi oluncane olukhuluma ngomshuwalense kwinkontileka yakho lungakusiza ukuthi ubhekane nezinkinga eziningi kamuva.

Indlela i-CNF, i-FOB, kanye ne-CIF ezisetshenziswa ngayo yi-C-Border E-Commerce

Lawa magama abaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho lwezokuthutha uma wenza ukuhweba nge-inthanethi okuwela imingcele, ikakhulukazi kusukela eShayina kuya e-US naseYurophu:

Izinkampani ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ze-e-commerce zingakhetha i-CNF noma i-CIF ukuze zenze izinto zibe lula ohlangothini lokuthumela ngaphandle futhi ziqashe umlingani wezokuthutha endaweni ozonakekela amasiko kanye nebanga lokugcina.
Abathengisi abakhulu noma abahlanganisi bavame ukushintshela ku-FOB futhi basebenzise amalungiselelo abo okuxoxiswana ngawo nabathwali bolwandle kanye nabahlanganisi.

Akuyona nje indaba yombono; ithonya ukuhamba kwemali yakho, izikhathi zokukhokha, ukuhlela isitokwe, kanye nendlela amakhasimende akho azizwa ngayo ngawe. Isu elihle lezokuthutha ngokuvamile lihlanganisa ama-Incoterms ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwezimpahla, inani lokuthunyelwa, kanye nendawo oya kuyo.

Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Topway Okungasiza Ngayo Ngokuthunyelwa Kwe-CNF, FOB, kanye ne-CIF

I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eShayina, ibilokhu ingumhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezixazululo ze-e-commerce logistics ezivela kwamanye amazwe kusukela ngo-2010. Lokho kusho ukuthi sibhekana nalawa ma-Incoterms nsuku zonke kumakhulu ezimpahla ezithunyelwayo.

Abantu abaqale inkampani yethu baneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 yesipiliyoni kwezokuthutha kanye nokususwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi phakathi kweShayina ne-US ekuhambiseni izinto. Singakusiza ukuthi uthumele ngaphansi kwe-CNF/CFR, i-FOB, noma i-CIF:

Bheka izindleko zomhlaba wonke ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene.
Yazi ukuthi ingozi iya kuphi nokuthi ungayisetha kanjani umshwalense wakho.
Khetha imithwalo engcono kakhulu yesikhathi sokuhamba, ukuthembeka, kanye nezindleko.

Sinikeza izinsizakalo zochungechunge lonke lwezokuthutha, njengokuthuthwa kokuqala kusuka emafektri nasezindaweni zokugcina impahla kulo lonke elaseShayina, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nokuphathwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Sinikeza iziteshi ze-e-commerce kanye nezitolo zakwamanye amazwe kugcinwa, ukuhlanzwa kwempahla emikhakheni ebalulekile, kanye nezixazululo zokulethwa kwempahla ezisheshayo ezenzelwe bona.

Siphinde sinikeze izinsizakalo zokuthutha ulwandle ezivela eShayina kuya emachwebeni abalulekile emhlabeni wonke angaba umthwalo ogcwele (i-FCL) noma umthwalo ongaphansi kwesitsha (i-LCL). I-Topway Shipping ingaba ngaphezu nje komhlinzeki wezimpahla; ingaba futhi umlingani wakho wezokuthutha. Bangakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi i-CNF, i-FOB, noma i-CIF iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthumela kwakho okulandelayo bese uphatha yonke into kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.

Isiphetho

Ku-invoyisi ye-pro forma, i-CNF, i-FOB, kanye ne-CIF kungaphezu nje kwamakhodi anezinhlamvu ezintathu. Zibeka imithetho yobudlelwano bakho bezentengiselwano zakwamanye amazwe, njengokuthi ubani okhokhela ini, ubani othatha ziphi izingozi, nokuthi izindleko zakho zokuthumela kanye nezikhathi zizoba zibikezeleka kangakanani.

Ukufingqa amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu:

I-CNF (CFR) isho ukuthi umthengisi ukhokhela imithwalo emikhulu yolwandle eya echwebeni elishiwoyo. Kodwa-ke, umthengi uthatha ingozi uma izinto sezilayishiwe emkhunjini.
I-FOB inikeza ikhasimende ukulawula okwengeziwe kanye nezindleko ngoba libhukha imithwalo emikhulu futhi livame ukuthola ukuhlanganiswa okungcono nokubonakala.
I-CIF ifana ne-CNF, ngaphandle kokuthi ifaka umshwalense omncane omiswa ngumthengisi, ovikela ikhasimende ngenkathi umkhumbi uselwandle.

Ukukhetha kwakho la magama kuzoncika ekutheni unolwazi olungakanani ngezokuthutha, ukuthi unegunya elingakanani lokuxoxisana nezinkampani zezindiza, nokuthi ukhetha yini ukulula noma ukulawula. Uma wazi kahle ukuthi yikuphi ukumbozwa kwezindleko, ukudluliselwa kwengozi, nokuthi ubani onesibopho somshwalense kanye nezindleko zokuya lapho uya khona, ungaxoxisana ngezinkontileka ezingcono futhi uvimbele izimanga ezingathandeki echwebeni.

Uma usebenza nomlingani wezokuthutha owaziyo ukuthi benzani, ikakhulukazi kwezentengiselwano ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele, ungaguqula le mithetho yemfundiso ibe yizixazululo zokuthumela zangempela nezithembekile. Yilapho izinhlangano ezifana ne-Topway Shipping zingasiza khona ngempela. Zingathuthukisa futhi zisebenzise ukugeleza kwe-CNF, FOB, noma i-CIF okusebenza nemodeli yebhizinisi lakho, izimakethe zakho, kanye nalokho abathengi bakho abakufunayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

U: Ingabe i-CNF iseyi-Incoterm esemthethweni, noma kufanele ngisebenzise i-CFR esikhundleni sayo?
A: I-Incoterms yakamuva ye-International Chamber of Commerce ithi igama elisemthethweni yi-CFR (Izindleko kanye Nokuthutha), hhayi i-CNF. Kodwa empilweni yangempela, abahlinzeki abaningi, abathumeli bezimpahla, kanye nabahwebi basasebenzisa i-CNF noma i-C&F njengesisho esidala. Esivumelwaneni, i-CNF cishe njalo isho izinto ezifanayo ne-CFR. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke umuntu uyaqonda, kungcono ukubhala ukuthi “CFR (Izindleko kanye Nokuthutha)” ezinkontilekeni ezisemthethweni futhi uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinhlangothi ziyavumelana ngokuthi isho ukuthini.

Q: Ngaphansi kwe-CNF, ubani onesibopho uma izimpahla zonakele ngesikhathi sohambo lwasolwandle?
A: Nge-CNF/CFR, ingozi isuka kumthengisi iye kumthengi lapho izinto zifakwa emkhunjini echwebeni lokuthunyelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umthengi unesibopho sanoma yimuphi umonakalo wemikhiqizo owenzeka ngesikhathi sohambo lolwandle, noma ngabe umthengisi ukhokhele ukuthunyelwa. Umthengi kungadingeka akhokhele ukulahlekelwa ngaphandle kokuthi kunenqubomgomo yomshuwalense ehlukile. Yingakho abantu abasebenzisa i-CNF kufanele bathole umshwalense wabo wempahla noma bacele umthengisi noma umhlinzeki wezokuthutha ukuba abaphathele wona.

U: I-CIF ihluke kanjani ku-CNF ebhizinisini lansuku zonke?
A: Umehluko omkhulu umshwalense. Umthengi uvame ukuhlela umshwalense uma ethenga okuthile esebenzisa i-CNF. Nge-CIF, umthengisi kufanele athole okungenani umshwalense wempahla oyisisekelo ukuze kuzuze umthengi. Lokhu kuvame ukumboza inani le-invoyisi kanye no-10%. Kodwa iphuzu lapho izinguquko zengozi zihlala zifana: lapho imikhiqizo isesikebheni echwebeni lokuhamba. I-CIF ayishintshi ukudluliselwa kwengozi okusemthethweni; imane nje inezela inethi yokuphepha yomshwalense.

U: Kungani abathumeli abaningi abanolwazi bekhetha i-FOB esikhundleni se-CNF noma i-CIF?
A: Abathumeli abaningi abanolwazi abanjengo-FOB bangcono ngoba ibanikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe enkambisweni yokuthumela, okuhlanganisa nokukhetha inkampani yokuthutha, umzila, kanye nesheduli. Bavame ukuba noxhumana nabo abahle kanye nezinkontileka ezixoxiswane ngazo nabathumeli bezimpahla noma imigqa yokuthumela, okungabasiza ukuthola amanani angcono kanye nensizakalo ethembekile. Nge-FOB, kulula ngabo ukwengeza ukulandelela, idatha, kanye nokuphathwa kwezingozi ezinhlelweni zabo. I-FOB isho ukuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo owengeziwe, kodwa kubathengi abakhulu noma abayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuholela ekwehleni kwezindleko eziphelele kanye nokusebenza okukhulu.

U: Ngingakwazi yini ukuxoxisana ngemibandela ye-CNF kodwa ngicele umlingani wami wezokuthutha ukuthi aphathe ukusulwa kwempahla kanye nokulethwa kwempahla ngendlela yokugcina?
A: Yebo, leyo yindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokwenza ibhizinisi ngaphesheya kwemingcele. Ungakhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngemigomo ye-CNF efaka phakathi uhlangothi lokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nomthwalo omkhulu wolwandle oya echwebeni oya kulo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungaqasha umlingani wezokuthutha njenge-Topway Shipping ukuze anakekele ukusulwa kwempahla, abale intela, aphathe ichweba oya kulo, futhi alethe imayela lokugcina endaweni yakho yokugcina impahla noma esikhungweni sokugcwalisa. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwenza izinto zibe lula ohlangothini lokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe ngenkathi kukunikeza ukulawula nokuguquguquka endaweni oya kuyo.