IBelt and Road ngo-2026: Ngaba iCorridor ephakathi kweTshayina neGrisi isakhula?
intshayelelo
Abantu abaninzi babecinga ukuba yayilinyathelo elinomngcipheko le-COSCO Shipping yaseTshayina ukuthenga uninzi lwezabelo kwiPiraeus Port yaseGrisi kwiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi eyadlulayo, xa iGrisi yayinengxaki. Ngowama-2026, eso sivumelwano siye saba liziko elibalulekileyo leBelt and Road Initiative (BRI) eYurophu. Ngumzekelo wokwenene wendlela esebenza ngayo idiplomacy yeziseko zophuhliso yaseTshayina.
Kodwa unyaka ka-2025 ufumene indibaniselwano yamanqaku amahle namabi. Kwelinye icala, ukubandakanyeka kwe-BRI kwihlabathi liphela kufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-USD 213.5 yeebhiliyoni kwiikhontrakthi zokwakha kunye notyalo-mali, ukunyuka kwe-19% kwinani lezivumelwano xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2024. Kwelinye icala, ukuphunyezwa kwePiraeus Container Terminal kwehle nge-6% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwi-3.98 yezigidi ze-TEU. Oku kubonisa ukuba le ndlela ijongene nemingeni yokwenyani, nangona isabalulekile ngokweqhinga. Njengoko singena ku-2026, umbuzo ophambili asikokuba ingaba indlela ephakathi kweTshayina neGrisi isakhula na. Kwakhona kukuba ingaba itshintsha ngeendlela ezigcina ibalulekile kwihlabathi apho i-geopolitics itshintsha khona, imithetho ye-EU iya isiba ngqongqo, kwaye ezinye iindawo zaseMedithera zihlala zizama ukugqitha oko.
Esi sincoko sijonga imeko yangoku yendlela ngedatha entsha, sihlalutya iingxaki, size sithethe ngento ethethwa ngabathumeli, iinkampani zezothutho, kunye nabo bonke abanye abathutha iimpahla phakathi kweAsia neYurophu.
I-BRI ngo-2026: Unyaka Obalaseleyo Ngee-Asterisks
Idatha evela ngo-2025 inomdla kakhulu. IZiko lezeMali kunye noPhuhliso oluLuhlaza kwiYunivesithi yaseFudan lithi ukusukela oko kwaqala i-BRI ngo-2013, iTshayina ichithe i-USD 1.399 trillion iyonke kuyo. Oku kuquka i-USD 837 billion ekwakheni kunye ne-USD 561 billion kutyalo-mali oluthe ngqo. Isimbuku sonyaka sowama-2025 yayiyi-USD 213.5 billion, eyayingaphezulu kunayo nayiphi na eminye iminyaka. Oku kwakubangelwa kakhulu ziintengiselwano kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, kwiGulf, nase-Afrika zamandla, ezemigodi, kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha.
Ukususela ngoJuni ka-2025, inethiwekhi ye-China-Europe Railway Express idibanisa izixeko zaseTshayina ezili-128 kwizixeko ezingama-229 kumazwe angama-26 aseYurophu. Yondla imithwalo ukuya nokubuya kwindlela yolwandle. Loo nethiwekhi kaloliwe ikhule ngakumbi nangakumbi njengenkxaso yeendlela zaselwandle, ingakumbi kuba iingxaki kuLwandle oluBomvu zenze ukuba abathwali baphinde bahlole izicwangciso zabo zokuhambisa izithuthi zika-2024 no-2025.
Kodwa indlela iyonke ye-BRI eYurophu inengxaki ngakumbi. Ukuphuma ngokusemthethweni kwe-Itali ngoDisemba ka-2023 kwaba yinguquko enkulu, kwaye ngo-2026, imephu yezopolitiko yayinciphile kakhulu. YiGrisi, iPortugal, neSerbia kuphela eziseneeprojekthi ezinkulu ezisebenzayo kumazwe ali-17 angamalungu e-EU awayesayine iimemoranda zokuqonda ze-BRI ngaphambili. UMthetho woHlolo loTyalo-mali oluNgqo lwaMazwe angaphandle we-EU, owaqala ukusebenza ngo-2019, uye wamisa phantse utyalo-mali olutsha lwaseTshayina kumazibuko, kwiigridi zombane, nakwii-telecoms kwiindawo ezininzi zebloko.
| Metric | 2024 | 2025 | utshintsho |
| Ukuzibandakanya kwe-BRI Global (i-USD bn) | ~ 179 | 213.5 | +19% (izivumelwano) |
| I-COSCO Ports Total Throughput (TEU) | 144.0m | 153.0m | + 6.2% YOY |
| Isiphelo seekhonteyina zePiraeus (TEU) | 4.23m | 3.98m | -6.0% YOY |
| Ingeniso yeGunya leZibuko lasePiraeus (€m) | 231 | 250.8 | + 8.6% YOY |
| Izixeko ze-China-Europe Railway Express | ~ 120 | 128 (CN) / 229 (EU) | Yandiswa |
| Amazwe asebenzayo e-EU BRI MoU (aphambili) | ~5 | 3 (GR, PT, RS) | Ukunciphisa |
Itheyibhile 1: IiMetriki zeBRI eziphambili kunye nePiraeus Performance, 2024–2025
Izibuko lasePiraeus: Ilitye Lesikhumbuzo Eliphantsi Koxinzelelo
IPiraeus inendawo ekhethekileyo kwibali le-BRI. Ikwindawo edibana kuyo iYurophu, iAsia, neAfrika, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokuba iimpahla zaseTshayina zingene kwiimarike zaseYurophu ngeSuez Canal. Imali yeCOSCO itshintshe izibuko elalinengxaki ukuya kwindawo enkulu yeekhonteyina kwimpuma yeMeditera. Amashishini aseTshayina athembise ukufaka i-350 yezigidi zeerandi ngqo kwiziseko zophuhliso zezibuko apho ngo-2026, kunye ne-200 yezigidi zeerandi kwezinye iiprojekthi ezidibene neezibuko.
Izibalo zemali zePiraeus Port Authority ngo-2025 zityhila ibali elinomdla ngamacandelo amabini. I-PPA yenze irekhodi lee-€250.8 yezigidi kwintengiso, ukunyuka kwe-8.6% kunyaka ophelileyo. IPier I yenze imali okokuqala ngqa. Imodeli yeshishini lezibuko itshintshile, yiyo loo nto izithuthi ezihamba ngolwandle kunye nemisebenzi engenazo iikhonteyina zombini zikhule. Isikhululo seekhonteyina esiqhutywa yiCOSCO Shipping Ports, kwelinye icala, sibone ukwehla kwe-6% kwimveliso, ukusuka kwi-4.23 yezigidi ze-TEU ngo-2024 ukuya kwi-3.98 yezigidi ze-TEU ngo-2025.
I-COSCO ithe ukwehla oku kungenxa yokwehla kwemfuno yokudluliselwa kwempahla kwiMeditera, kodwa loo ngcaciso isenokubuzwa. I-Tangier Med, inkampani ekhuphisana kakhulu nePiraeus kulo mmandla, yanda nge-8.4% ngexesha elinye, yafikelela kwi-11.1 yezigidi ze-TEU. Umgama phakathi kwezi zibuko zimbini uyakhula, kwaye iinkampani zokuthutha ziqala ukubona iTangier njengendawo efanelekileyo yokudlulisa iimpahla ukusuka kwiNtshona yeMeditera. I-Piraeus iseseyona zibuko ibalulekileyo kwiMpuma yeMeditera nakwinethiwekhi ye-Aegean feeder, kodwa ayisiyo yodwa ekhona.
| izibuko | Isiphumo soMsebenzi sika-2025 (TEU) | YoY Tshintsho | Indima yokuqala |
| IPiraeus (COSCO PCT) | 3.98 million | -6.0% | Utshintsho lweMpuma Med kunye nesango |
| I-Tangier Med (eMorocco) | 11.1 million | + 8.4% | Utshintsho lweWest Med kunye neAtlantic |
| IValencia (eSpain) | ~ 6.0 yezigidi | +~3% | Isango laseMzantsi Yurophu |
| I-Algeciras (eSpain) | ~ 5.5 yezigidi | Uzinzile | Isikhululo seStrait of Gibraltar |
Itheyibhile 2: Uthelekiso lweZibuko leeKhonteyina zeMeditera, 2025
Umgangatho weJografi kwezopolitiko: Kutheni iGrisi ihlala iyiNqaba yaseYurophu yaseTshayina
Nangona i-EU ingathandabuzi ngephulo le-BRI kunye nelaseTshayina elibanzi lokwakha iziseko zophuhliso, iGrisi inamathele kwindlela yayo esebenzayo. I-Athens ibisoloko ijonga iprojekthi yePiraeus ngokwembono yezoqoqosho, igxile kwimisebenzi, ingeniso yezibuko, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamaGrike kwiimarike zaseAsia. Oku kwahlukile kwisakhelo sokhuphiswano olucwangcisiweyo esixhaphakileyo eBrussels, eBerlin, naseWashington. Ezo zibalo azitshintshanga kangako ukusukela ngo-2026.
Uxinzelelo lwangaphandle lutshintshile. Imithetho etshintshayo ye-EU yotyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle (i-FDI) kunye neekhwelo ezikhulayo zaseTshayina "zokunciphisa" iziseko ezibalulekileyo zithetha ukuba naluphi na ukukhula kobukho be-COSCO eGrisi kuya kujongwa ngakumbi kunango-2016, xa isivumelwano sandiswa. Ukuphuma kwe-Itali kwi-BRI, iGlobal Gateway ye-EU eqokelela i-€300 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2027, kunye ne-US ekhuthaza ngokukhutheleyo amaqabane aseYurophu ukuba ashiye iziseko zaseTshayina zonke ezi zitshintshe imeko yezopolitiko kwilizwekazi. Oku kwenze umsebenzi weGrisi oqhubekayo ne-COSCO wacaca ngakumbi.
Kodwa indawo kunye noqoqosho lwaseGrisi kwenza kube nzima ukuhamba nje. IPiraeus ingenisa imali yokwenyani, idala imisebenzi yokwenyani, kwaye idibanisa urhwebo lokwenyani. Abanini beenqanawa baseGrisi, abaqhuba iinqanawa ezinkulu zorhwebo kwihlabathi, banonxibelelwano olunzima nabakhi beenqanawa baseTshayina kunye nabathwali abasele behlala amashumi eminyaka. ITshayina iseyindawo ethandwayo yeenqanawa ezineeflegi zaseGrisi. Iingxelo zezopolitiko zodwa azinakulungisa ubudlelwane kuba buyinkimbinkimbi kangaka.
Kubantu baseBeijing abaceba i-BRI, iGrisi ingaphezulu nje kotyalo-mali oluvela echwebeni; bubungqina bokuba le ngcinga iyasebenza. Ukuba iPiraeus ingahlala iyinxalenye esebenzayo, enengeniso, nekhulayo yothungelwano lolwandle, oko kungqina ukuba yonke i-Mediterranean arc yesicwangciso yingcinga elungileyo. Ukuba bayilahlile okanye bayibonile iwa, kuya kuba yingxaki enkulu kwizicwangciso zabo nakwimbonakalo yabo.
Ukuhamba koRhwebo: Yintoni eyenzeka ngokwenene kwiCorridor
Indlela ephakathi kweTshayina neGrisi ayisiyondlela enye nje kuphela; yinkqubo eneemodyuli ezininzi edibanisa amaziko okuvelisa aseTshayina kwiimarike zabathengi baseYurophu ngolwandle, ngoololiwe, nangendlela. Indlela ephambili yokuthumela imithwalo ihamba ukusuka kumazibuko amakhulu aseTshayina afana neShanghai, iNingbo, neQingdao ngeStrait of Malacca, inqumla uLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, idlula kwiSuez Canal, ize iye ePiraeus. Ukusuka ePiraeus, iilori noololiwe bathutha imithwalo ukuya kwiindawo ezikwiBalkans, kuMbindi Yurophu, nangaphaya.
Kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, uhlobo lweempahla ebezihamba kule ndlela lutshintshe kakhulu. Izithuthi zombane zaseTshayina, iibhetri ze-lithium, kunye neephaneli zelanga - oko iBeijing ikubiza ngokuba yimizi-mveliso "emitsha emithathu" - ngoku zimele isabelo esikhulayo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eYurophu ngeekhonteyina. Abathumeli baya benomdla ngakumbi kumgangatho wezibuko kunye noqhagamshelo lwangaphakathi kuba ezi zinto zixabisa kakhulu, zisebenza ngexesha, kwaye kufuneka ziphathwe ngononophelo. IPiraeus ifake imali ekuphathweni kwemithwalo ekhethekileyo kunye neenkampani ezizimeleyo ukuze ifumane olu hambo, kodwa iziphumo zixubene ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Iimveliso zolimo zaseGrisi, iwayini, kunye neoyile yomnquma ziya eTshayina ngepaseji xa zibuya. Nangona kunjalo, isixa sisesincinci xa sithelekiswa nokuhamba kwamanzi ukusuka eAsia ukuya eYurophu. Ukusilela korhwebo lwepaseji kufana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kweTshayina neYurophu kwaye kuseyingxaki yesakhiwo.
| ICandelo loRhwebo | Isikhokelo sokuhamba | 2025 Umkhwa | Iimveliso eziphambili |
| Impahla zomthengi | China → IYurophu | Ukukhula okuzinzileyo | Izixhobo zombane, izixhobo, amalaphu |
| I-EV kunye netekhnoloji eluhlaza | China → IYurophu | Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza | Ii-EV, iibhetri, iiphaneli zelanga |
| Iimveliso zezolimo | EYurophu → China | Uthobekile, uzinzile | Ioyile yomnquma, iwayini, ubisi |
| Iimpahla ezingekasilwa | IiBalkans → iTshayina | Ukukhula ngololiwe | Iiminerali, iisinyithi |
| Imithwalo yokuthutha | I-Asia → Iichweba zeMedi feeder | Ukuhla ePiraeus | Izikhongozeli ezixutyiweyo |
Itheyibhile 3: Ukuhamba Korhwebo Oluphambili Kwindlela YaseTshayina-iGrisi, 2025
Ukhuphiswano kunye nezinye iindlela: I-BRI ayiseyodwa
Ukususela oko i-BRI yaqala ngo-2013, enye yezona nguqu zinkulu ibe kukunyuka kwezinye iindlela ezinokuthenjwa. Iprojekthi ye-Global Gateway ye-EU iqokelele imali yokwenyani—i-€300 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2027—ukuphucula iziseko zophuhliso kwihlabathi liphela kwiindawo eziquka itekhnoloji yedijithali, utshintsho lwemozulu, amandla, ezothutho, impilo, kunye nemfundo. Ukusukela ngo-2021, i-G7's Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment iqokelele ngaphezulu kwe-60 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. Ngo-2027, inethemba lokuqokelela i-200 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeerandi. Inkqubo ye-Quality Infrastructure yaseJapan ithembise ngaphezulu kwe-300 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwiiprojekthi zase-Asia. Ezi azisekho nje izimvo ezisephepheni; ngoku zilwela ngamandla oorhulumente bamazwe afanayo nalawo i-BRI izama ukuwafumana.
I-India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), eyatyhilwa ngexesha lengqungquthela ye-G20 ka-2023, icebisa indlela yeendlela ezininzi edibanisa amazibuko aseIndiya neYurophu ngeGulf kunye namakhonkco kaloliwe kulo lonke elaseMbindi Mpuma. Le ndlela yenzelwe iMeditera. I-IMEC ibe nokulibaziseka okuninzi, okunye kwayo kungenxa yemfazwe ekhoyo eGaza. Nangona kunjalo, yindlela ethe ngqo yendlela yaselwandle ye-BRI ngeSuez Canal kunye nePiraeus. Ukuba i-IMEC ingaze isebenze, inokuthatha imithwalo emininzi ukusuka kwi-China-Greece corridor ngokunika amazibuko aseYurophu umthombo ongomnye wase-Asia wemfuno yokungenisa impahla.
Asinakulibala ngotshintsho lokhuphiswano olukhoyo kwiMeditera ngokwayo. Ngenxa yokukhula okukhawulezileyo kweTangier Med, ukukhula okuzinzileyo kweValencia, kunye namazibuko ase-Itali aseAdriatic aseTrieste naseGenoa, onke afumana utyalo-mali oluthile kwi-EU nakumashishini abucala, uPiraeus kufuneka asebenze nzima ukuze afumane yonke i-mainline call ayifumanayo. UDrewry uthi ukukhula kwe-container throughput yehlabathi kuya kwehla kuye kwi-1.8% kuphela ngo-2026. Oku kuthetha ukuba imakethi ayiphuhli ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukunceda onke amazibuko. Kuya kubakho imilo engaphezulu yezabelo.
Indlela Abathumeli Abanokuyihamba Ngayo Indlela Yokuhamba Ngomzila Ngo-2026
Kwabangenisi kunye nabathumela impahla ngaphandle abathutha impahla phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu, indlela ephakathi kweTshayina neGrisi iseyindlela elungileyo yokuhambisa impahla, kodwa ifuna ukulungiswa ngononophelo ngakumbi kunakwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo. Ngokutshintsha indlela yeenqanawa ezidlula kuLwandle oluBomvu, iindlela zokuxinana kweenqanawa zitshintshile. Ukuhamba ngeSuez Canal kubuyele kwisiqhelo, kwaye iPiraeus iseyindlela elungileyo yokuthumela impahla eya eMzantsi-mpuma nakwiYurophu eseMbindini kuba inexesha elifutshane lokuhamba.
Abathumeli kufuneka bazi ukuba iinkonzo zabathwali abasebenzisa iPiraeus njengezibuko labo eliphambili lokukhupha imithwalo zihlala zilula. Emva kokumiselwa kweGemini Cooperation kunye nokulungiswa kwenethiwekhi ngo-2024-2025, amaqela amaninzi amakhulu aye atshintsha imisonto yawo yaseAsia-Yurophu. Kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba zeziphi iindlela eziphambili ezisamileyo ePiraeus kwaye zeziphi ezinokuthi zithuthele iindawo zazo eziphambili zokumisa imithwalo zaseMedithera kwamanye amazibuko.
Iindaba ezimnandi kubathumeli ngenqanawa zezokuba ukhuphiswano phakathi kwePiraeus, iTangier, kunye nezinye izibuko zaseMeditera lugcine amaxabiso empahla kunye neentlawulo zokuphatha ziphantsi kakhulu. Injongo yokuqala ye-BRI yayiquka unxibelelwano olungcono lwesitimela ukusuka ePiraeus ukuya eBalkans. Oku kwenze ukuba ibe lukhetho olungcono lokuthumela impahla eSerbia, eHungary, nakwezinye iindawo.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kweenqanawa Eziphezulu Okukunceda Ngayo Ukuhambisa Imithwalo Kwindlela Ephakathi KwaseTshayina NaseYurophu
Yinto enye ukuqonda umfanekiso opheleleyo we-BRI kunye nomzila ophakathi kweTshayina neGrisi. Yinto enye ukuhambisa iimpahla ngokukhawuleza. Kulapho amaqabane anobuchule kwezothutho angena khona, kwaye iTopway Shipping ibisenza oko ukusukela ngo-2010.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen kwaye yasekwa liqela elinamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla, igxile kwizisombululo zemithwalo ezigcweleyo kunye ne-e-commerce logistics. Iingcambu zeqela ziseTshayina kwaye i-US Transportation yenye yezona ndlela zorhwebo zinzima nezintsonkothileyo kwihlabathi. Izakhono ezifanayo, uqeqesho lokusebenza, kunye nokugxila ekuthobeleni imithetho ezenza inkonzo yase-US yeTopway ibe ntle ziyasebenza nakwi-routing ye-China-Europe, kubandakanya ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okudlula ePiraeus kuze kudlulele kwiimarike zaseYurophu.
I-Topway ithumela imithwalo yaselwandle esuka eTshayina iye kumazibuko aphambili kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka namazibuko aseMeditera. Anikezela ngeenkonzo zomthwalo wesikhongozeli opheleleyo (FCL) kunye nomthwalo ongaphantsi kwesikhongozeli (LCL). Olu hlobo lokuguquguquka lubaluleke kakhulu kwiinkampani zorhwebo lwe-e-commerce kunye nabangenisi abaphakathi abangenazo iimpahla ezaneleyo zokugcwalisa ikhonteyina kodwa bafuna inkonzo ethembekileyo, elula ukuyilandelela, kwaye isusa amasiko kwindawo oya kuyo. Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo zenkampani luquka ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwinqanaba lokuqala, kwamanye amazwe. ukugcina, ukususwa kwempahla kwiirhafu, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla ngemayile yokugqibela. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokuluphatha lonke uhambo ukusuka kwisango lomzi-mveliso eTshayina ukuya kumthengi wokugqibela eYurophu.
Xa umzila weChina-Greece ujongene nemingeni efana nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwePiraeus kunye nokubeka esweni imithetho ye-EU, akuyonto ilula ukuba neqabane lezothutho elaziyo icala lokuthumela impahla laseTshayina kunye nomfanekiso wokuthobela imithetho yokungenisa impahla eYurophu. Kubalulekile kukhuphiswano. I-Topway Shipping isebenzisa zombini ezi zakhono kuyo yonke impahla ethunyelwayo.
| inkonzo | inkcazelo | Ifanelekile kwi |
| FCL Ocean Freight | Imithwalo epheleleyo yeekhonteyina ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwiizibuko ze-EU/Med | Abathengi be-B2B abangenisa impahla eninzi, abathengi be-B2B |
| LCL Ocean Freight | Ukuthunyelwa okuhlanganisiweyo kwemithwalo emincinci | Urhwebo lwe-elektroniki, abathumeli be-SME |
| Uthutho Lokuqala | Ukusuka kumzi-mveliso ukuya echwebeni eTshayina | Bonke abathumeli ngaphandle abafuna ukulandwa ngaphakathi elizweni |
| Ukususwa ozenzele kona | Ukuthobela imithetho yokungenisa impahla kwiindawo zokufikela | IPiraeus, amazibuko esango le-EU |
| IWarehousing yaphesheya | Indawo yokugcina kunye nokugcwalisa kufutshane nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo | Abathengisi be-e-commerce eYurophu |
| Ukuhanjiswa kweMile yokugqibela | Ukuhanjiswa kweengcango kwiimarike zaseYurophu | Iimpawu ze-DTC, amaqonga e-e-commerce |
Itheyibhile 4: Iinkonzo eziphambili zeTopway Shipping kwiKhorido ephakathi kweTshayina neYurophu
Ukujonga Phambili: Ngaba iKhorido Isakhula?
Impendulo enyanisekileyo kukuba kuxhomekeke kwinto othetha ngayo xa uthetha ngokukhula. Ngokuphathelele ukuveliswa kweekhonteyina ezingavuthwanga ePiraeus, u-2025 ubuyinyathelo lokubuyela umva. Le khonde isabaluleke kakhulu kumgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle waseTshayina nakuqoqosho lwaseGrisi ngokubhekiselele kukubaluleka kwesicwangciso kunye nokuzibophelela kutyalo-mali. Ngokuphathelele ixabiso lorhwebo, le khonde isenokuba ishukuma kancinci kodwa ithwele ubunzima obukhulu kwezoqoqosho ngeyunithi nganye, ingakumbi ukuba izinto ezinexabiso eliphezulu ezifana nee-EV kunye neenkqubo zebhetri zithatha indawo yeempahla ezenziweyo ezinexabiso eliphantsi.
I-Green Finance & Development Centre ithi ngo-2026, ukubandakanyeka kwe-Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) yaseTshayina kwihlabathi liphela kuya kuba kuphantsi kancinci kunenqanaba lerekhodi elibekwe ngo-2025. Kuya kubakho iintengiso ezinkulu ezimbalwa, kodwa ukumbiwa kwemigodi, ukuveliswa, kunye namandla aluhlaza kuya kusasebenza. I-Piraeus node inokuthi igxile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukhulisa indima yayo kwiindawo ezikude zaseGrisi endaweni yokuzama ukoyisa abakhuphisana nabo abanjengoTangier ngokubhekiselele kumthamo wokudluliselwa kwempahla oluhlaza.
Indlela yexesha elide ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: nokuba ubudlelwane bezorhwebo phakathi kwe-EU neTshayina buyazinza okanye buya busiba mandundu ngenxa yoxinzelelo lukaTrump kwi-US ukuba isebenzisane neTshayina; nokuba imeko kuLwandle oluBomvu iya iba ngcono okanye ibe mandundu kwaye iyaqhubeka nokunyanzela utshintsho lweendlela; kwaye nokuba iPiraeus inokutsala isizukulwana esilandelayo sempahla exabiso liphezulu, ingakumbi kwi-EV kunye neenkampani zokubonelela ngezixhobo zobugcisa obucocekileyo, oko kutshintsha urhwebo phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu. Akukho nanye kwezi zinto iqinisekileyo, kodwa zonke zikhomba kwindlela etshintshayo, engayi kuhamba.
isiphelo
Indlela ephakathi kweTshayina neGrisi ngo-2026 yimeko yokuqhubeka kweqhinga xa kufikwa kwiingxaki zokusebenza. I-BRI ayizange ibe nemali engaphezulu efakwe kuyo kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa eYurophu iye yehla yaba ngamaqabane ambalwa azinikeleyo, iGrisi iphambili. Nangona umthamo weekhonteyina zayo wehla ngo-2025 kwaye ukhuphiswano oluvela kwamanye amazibuko luye lwaqina, iPiraeus iseyeyona nto ibalulekileyo neyimpahla yokwenene yeziseko zophuhliso zaseTshayina eYurophu.
Ngaphezu kwako konke, le ndlela ibonisa ukuba idiplomacy yeziseko zophuhliso sisicwangciso sexesha elide. Akuzange kucingelwe ukuba utyalo-mali lweCOSCO ePiraeus luya kuhlawula kwingxelo enye yekota. Yayijoliswe ekugcineni ubukho bemikhosi yaselwandle yaseTshayina kwiMeditera amashumi eminyaka, kwaye yenze loo nto kanye. Ukuba le ndlela “isakhula” kuxhomekeke kwindlela oyijonga ngayo: umthamo, ixabiso, ukufikelela kwisicwangciso, okanye ukuqina. Kwiingongoma ezininzi, impendulo isengu-ewe.
Intsingiselo esebenzayo kwiinkampani ezithutha impahla phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu ilula: le ndlela iyasebenza, iyakhuphisana, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, ivuza abathuthi abasebenzisana namaqabane ezothutho abaziyo indlela yokujongana notshintsho lwayo. Iinkampani ezifana neTopway Shipping, enobudlelwane obuqinileyo neTshayina kwaye inokusingatha imithwalo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nothotho lonke lokuhambisa, luhlobo lwamaqabane anokwenza umahluko phakathi kokuthunyelwa kwempahla okungenamthungo kunye nokumangaliswa okubizayo.
FAQs
Q: Ingaba iPiraeus iseselona zibuko likhulu leekhonteyina kwimpuma yeMeditera?
A: Ewe. IPiraeus isesesona sikhululo seekhonteyina kwimpuma yeMeditera, nangona ukukhutshwa kwayo kuza kwehla nge-6% ngo-2025 ukuya kwi-3.98 yezigidi ze-TEU. Kwelo candelo lingaphantsi, abakhuphisana nayo abakufutshane baphatha izithuthi ezincinci kakhulu, nangona iTangier Med idlulile kuyo kuluhlu olupheleleyo lwezithuthi zaseMeditera.
Q: Ingaba iGrisi irhoxile ngokusesikweni kwiBelt and Road Initiative?
A: Hayi. IGrisi isenempahla enkulu ye-BRI kunye nobudlelwane bezoqoqosho ne-COSCO kunye nabatyali-mali baseTshayina, kodwa i-Itali yahamba ngokusesikweni ngoDisemba 2023. IGrisi, iPortugal, kunye neSerbia zisengamaqabane aphambili e-EU e-BRI.
Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthumela inqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya ePiraeus?
A: Ixesha eliqhelekileyo elithathwa yinqanawa ukusuka kwizibuko ezinkulu zaseTshayina (eShanghai, eNingbo, eQingdao) ukuya ePiraeus ngeSuez Canal ziintsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-35, kuxhomekeke kwinkonzo, izibuko elivela kulo, kunye nendlela. Amanye amaxesha okuhamba eCape of Good Hope ayede kakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki kuLwandle oluBomvu ngo-2024 nango-2025. Jongana nomthumeli wempahla yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaxesha eenkonzo asafana.
Q: Ngaba amashishini amancinci angayisebenzisa indlela yokuthumela impahla phakathi kweTshayina neGrisi?
A: Kakade ke. Amashishini abo bonke ubukhulu angayisebenzisa le ndlela ngenxa yeenkonzo zokudibanisa i-LCL (umthwalo ongaphantsi kwesikhongozeli). Iinkampani zeTopway Shipping kunye nezinye iinkampani zezothutho zibonelela ngempahla ehlanganisiweyo yolwandle ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aseYurophu. Oku kubandakanya ukususwa kwerhafu kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla okukhawulezileyo, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba namashishini amancinci e-e-commerce asebenzise iinkonzo zawo.
Q: Iyintoni imbono yotyalo-mali lwe-BRI ngo-2026?
A: Abahlalutyi bacinga ukuba umsebenzi we-BRI waseTshayina ngo-2026 uza kuba ngaphantsi kwinqanaba lerekhodi le-USD 213.5 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2025. Kuza kubakho iintengiso ezinkulu ezimbalwa, kodwa umsebenzi uza kuqhubeka kumandla, imigodi, kunye netekhnoloji eluhlaza. Ingqwalasela isiya kwiiprojekthi ezincinci, ezinobuchule ngakumbi ezihambelana ngcono nelizwe elisingethe kwaye zisebenzisa umxube weemodeli zokuxhasa ngemali.
