Indlela iPiraeus eyaba yiZibuko lesi-5 elikhulu eYurophu kwiZikhumbi ezingaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15
intshayelelo
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, iPort of Piraeus yayilizibuko eliphakathi leMeditera, libekwe kwindawo yama-93 phakathi kwamazibuko eekhonteyina zehlabathi, kwaye iinqanawa ezinkulu kwihlabathi zazingayinaki kakhulu. Iphatha malunga nezigidi ezi-5 ze-TEU ngonyaka ngoku, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yamazibuko amahlanu amakhulu eekhonteyina kwi-European Union. Elinye lamabali empumelelo yeziseko zophuhliso kwimbali yanamhlanje yolwandle lutshintsho olwenzeka kwiminyaka emalunga ne-15.
I-COSCO Shipping Corporation yaseTshayina yiyo eyenze oku kwenzeka. Yaqala ukusebenzisa izitishi ezimbini zeekhonteyina zePiraeus ngo-2009-2010, yathenga isikhundla esikhulu kwiPiraeus Port Authority (PPA) ngo-2016, kwaye ngo-2021, yayinazo iipesenti ezingama-67 ze-PPA. Emva koko, kwakukho utyalo-mali oluninzi kwiziseko zophuhliso, ukuphuculwa kwemisebenzi, kunye nokulungiswa kwezicwangciso okwenza iPiraeus yaba lisango elibalulekileyo kwimpuma yeMeditera kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yeBelt and Road Initiative yaseTshayina (BRI).
Esi sincoko sichaza ngqo indlela eyenzeka ngayo loo nto, kuquka ukhetho lotyalo-mali, amanyathelo okufikelela kwimveliso, imiba yezopolitiko, kunye noko kuthethwa kukunyuka kukaPiraeus kubathumeli, iinkampani zezothutho, kunye nekamva lendawo yaseYurophu yeechweba zeekhonteyina.
Apho uPiraeus waqala khona: Isiseko sangaphambi kweCOSCO
Ngaphambi kowama-2010, iPiraeus yayisiya isihla kancinci kancinci. Izibuko lalingasebenzi kakuhle njengoko lalinokuba njalo ngenxa yeengxaki zoqoqosho zaseGrisi, iziseko zophuhliso zezibuko ezindala, kunye nokungabikho kwendlela ecwangcisiweyo. IPiraeus yayikwindawo edibana kuyo iYurophu, iAsia, neAfrika, inendlela yendalo yokufikelela emanzini anzulu kwaye ikufutshane nendlela yeSuez Canal. Yayinazo zonke izibonelelo zejografi ezinokwenzeka, kodwa yayingenalo icebo lemali okanye lolawulo lokuzisebenzisa.
Malunga nowama-2010, inani lee-TEU ezazidlula kweli zibuko lalimalunga ne-1.5 yezigidi. Eli zibuko lalibekwe kwindawo yama-93 kwihlabathi liphela kuba lalingakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo emininzi kwaye lalingenazo iindlela ezininzi zokunxibelelana phakathi kweendlela. Iikhreyini zalo nazo zazindala kwaye kwakukho iingxaki ngeeyuniyoni ezenza imeko yokusebenza ibe nzima. Uninzi lwemithwalo eyayithunyelwa ziinkampani ezinkulu zokuthutha impahla zisuka eAsia zisiya eYurophu yayidlula kwiindawo zaseMantla Yurophu ezifana neRotterdam, iAntwerp, kunye neHamburg. Phantse azizange zime kwiMeditera ukuze zifumane iifowuni eziphambili.
Emva kwengxaki yezemali ka-2008, urhulumente waseGrisi wayephantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lwezemali kwaye wayefuna iindlela zokwenza imali kunye nokufaka utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwiziseko zakhe. Ukuthengiswa kwePiraeus kwakuya kuba yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yelo cebo, kwaye kwakuya kutshintsha indlela ezithuthwa ngayo izikhongozeli eYurophu ngeendlela abantu abambalwa ababezilindele.
Utyalo-mali lweCOSCO: Ukubheja okucwangcisiweyo kwiJografi yeMeditera
I-Piraeus Container Terminal SA, inkampani engaphantsi kwe-COSCO Shipping, yayisebenza ukususela ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2010. (PCT) iphumelele amabhidi amabini aphesheya okuqhuba iiTerminals II kunye ne-III ePiraeus. Eli yayilinyathelo lokuqala ekuthathweni ngokupheleleyo kwemisebenzi yezibuko. I-COSCO yaqala ngokukhawuleza ukuphucula ii-quays ezikhoyo, yafaka ii-cranes zanamhlanje zokuya elunxwemeni, yaza yakha iPier III. Oku kwandisa amandla kunye nesantya sokusebenza ngaxeshanye.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yayikukuthenga isabelo se-51% kwiPiraeus Port Authority ngo-2016. I-COSCO yathenga lonke igunya lezibuko, kungekuphela nje izitishi zeekhonteyina, malunga ne-368.5 yezigidi zeerandi. Ubunini be-COSCO bukhule bafikelela kwi-67% ngo-2021, emva kokuba ifezekise uxanduva lwayo lotyalo-mali, olufikelela kwi-600 yezigidi zeerandi.
Ingqiqo ecwangcisiweyo yayicacile. I-China yayisebenza kwiBelt and Road Initiative yayo, kwaye i-Piraeus yayinonxibelelwano olukhawulezayo lwaselwandle ukusuka kwimizi-mveliso yaseTshayina ukuya kubathengi baseYurophu. Kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezine ixesha elincinci kunye namafutha ukuhambisa imithwalo evela kumazibuko aseTshayina ukuya ePiraeus kunokuba kuthatha ukuya eRotterdam okanye eHamburg. IPiraeus yaba "yintloko yedrako" kwizicwangciso ze-China zokuphucula uthutho lwayo eYurophu.
| zigaba | Unyaka | inkcukacha |
| I-COSCO iphumelele isivumelwano sokuqala sesiphelo | 2009-2010 | Ulawulo lweTerminals II kunye neIII luyaqala |
| Ukwakhiwa kwePier III kugqityiwe | 2013 | Ukongezwa okukhulu kwamandla |
| I-COSCO ifumene i-51% ye-PPA | 2016 | Ulawulo olupheleleyo lwegunya lezibuko |
| Ukuphuma kwesikhongozeli kufikelela kwi-3.7M TEU | 2018 | Ukukhula okukhulu ukusuka kwi-1.5M ngo-2010 |
| Izabelo zeCOSCO zinyuke zaya kuma-67% | 2021 | Emva kokuzalisekisa iimbopheleleko zotyalo-mali |
| IPiraeus ifikelela kumthamo we-TEU oyi-6.2M | 2022 | Isikhundla sehlabathi sinyukela kwi-40 ephezulu |
| IPiraeus ifikelela kwi-~5.1M TEU throughput | 2023 | Ibekwe kwindawo yesi-4 kwi-EU |
| Izithuba ze-PPA zirekhoda ingeniso ye-€230.9 yezigidi | 2024 | Nangona kukho impembelelo embi kuLwandle oluBomvu |
Utshintsho kwiZiseko zoPhuhliso: Oko kwakhiwe yi-€600 yezigidi
Ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa kwemali yeCOSCO ePiraeus kunzima ukubuqikelela. Ukususela ekufakweni kweekhreyini ukuya kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zedijithali ukuya kwii-quay ezintsha ngokupheleleyo, izibuko lakhiwa kwakhona ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwiminyaka elishumi elinesiqingatha. Namhlanje, iPiraeus inee-terminals ezintathu zeekhonteyina ezinomthamo odibeneyo odlula i-7.5 yezigidi zeeTEU ngonyaka - ukwanda okuphindwe kahlanu ukusuka kwisiseko sangaphambi kweCOSCO.
I-Pier I, elawulwa yiPiraeus Port Authority ngokuthe ngqo, iphatha malunga ne-1.0–1.3 yezigidi zeeTEU ngonyaka. I-Piers II kunye ne-III, ezilawulwa yi-PCT phantsi kolawulo lwe-COSCO, xa zidibene zinomthamo obhengeziweyo we-5.7 yezigidi zeeTEU. Izibuko ngoku linendawo ezininzi zamanzi anzulu ezinokukwazi ukuthwala imikhumbi ye-container emva kwePanamax kunye ne-ultra-large (ULCVs) edlula ii-TEU ezili-16,000, ubude bayo bumalunga ne-1,150 yeemitha kwiindawo zokugcina ii-container kuphela.
Ngaphaya kweekhonteyina, iPiraeus iye yaba yindawo yokuthutha izinto ezininzi. Isikhululo seemoto sinokuthwala izithuthi ezili-12,000 ngaxeshanye. Isikhululo seemoto siphatha ukuya kuthi ga kwizigidi ezingama-25 zeetoni ngonyaka. Izibuko likwaye laba yindawo enkulu yokuthutha abantu eYurophu — igama elibonisa ukubaluleka kwalo njengomnyango wokungena kwiziqithi zaseGrisi — kwaye lineendawo ezininzi zokuthutha abantu. Iikhreyini zokuthutha abantu ukuya elunxwemeni, izithuthi ezikhokelwayo ezenzekelayo (ii-AGV), kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lweekhonteyina zeCATOS zonke zimele utyalo-mali olubeke iPiraeus ngokuhambelana nezibonelelo eziphezulu zaseMntla Yurophu.
| Udidi lweZiseko zoPhuhliso | Ngaphambi kweCOSCO (~2009) | Umthamo wangoku (2024) |
| Ugqithiso lwesikhongozeli | ~1.5M TEU/ngonyaka | ~4.8–5.1M TEU/ngonyaka |
| Umthamo weSitishi seKhonteyina | ~1.5M TEU | 7.5–8.3M TEU |
| Uhlu lweePort zeHlabathi | 93rd | Ama-40 aphezulu kwihlabathi |
| Uludwe lweeZibuko zeZikhonteyina ze-EU | Ngaphandle kwe-10 ephezulu | Ngowama-5 (2024) |
| Umthamo weTerminal yeMoto | KuNcinci | Ze12,000 izithuthi |
| Indawo yeCargo | KuNcinci | Iitoni ezingama-25M ngonyaka |
| Utyalo-mali olupheleleyo lweCOSCO | - | ~ €600 yezigidi |
Ukukhula Komphumo: Amanani Axela Ibali
Ukufikelela kwisikhongozeli yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokubonisa ukuba izibuko liqhuba kakuhle kangakanani na kwezorhwebo, kwaye ijika lokukhula likaPiraeus liyamangalisa ngayo nayiphi na indlela yokulinganisa. Ngokwedatha yePortEconomics, ukufikelela kwinani kunyuke ukusuka kwi-TEU ezingaphezu kwe-1.5 yezigidi ngo-2010 ukuya kwi-TEU ezizigidi ezi-3.7 ngo-2018 kwaye kwaqhubeka nokunyuka ukuya kwi-TEU ezizigidi ezi-6.2 ngo-2022, ukunyuka kwama-284.7% ukusukela ngo-2007.
Ngowama-2023, iPiraeus yayiphethe phantse ii-TEU ezizizigidi ezi-5.1, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yindawo yesine exakekileyo kwiikhonteyina kwi-EU, indawo yayo ephezulu, iphambi kweValencia kwaye isemva nje kweHamburg. Izinga lokukhula nge-2% ngo-2022-2023 lalimangalisa kuba lenzekile xa amazibuko amathathu aphezulu aseYurophu (iRotterdam, iAntwerp-Bruges, kunye neHamburg) onke abona ukwehla okungaphezulu kwe-7%. Oku kubonisa indlela iPiraeus ekhuphisana ngayo, ingakumbi xa kuziwa kwishishini lokuhambisa impahla.
Imbono yowama-2024 iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi. IPiraeus ibone ukwehla kwe-8% kwizambuku ze-TEU, ikakhulu ngenxa yengxaki yoLwandle oluBomvu, eyanciphisa ukuhamba kweSuez Canal yaza yenza iMpuma Mediterranean yaba yinto omnye umhlalutyi ayibize ngokuba “yindawo yokungena emanzini.” Njengoko iinkampani zokuthutha zitshintsha iindlela zazo ezijikeleze iCape of Good Hope, inani leenqanawa ezithunyelwa ePiraeus lehla. IValencia inyukele kwindawo yesi-4 kuluhlu lwe-EU, ityhala iPiraeus ukuya kwindawo yesi-5. Uhlu lwePortEconomics luqwalasela kuphela iiPiers II kunye ne-III ezisebenza neCOSCO, ngoko ke yonke imeko inzima ngakumbi. Xa ufaka kwisiphelo seekhonteyina sePPA, i-output iyonke yePiraeus iphezulu kune-Algeciras, eyiyona ichasene nayo kakhulu kuluhlu.
Nangona bekukho iingxaki ngobuninzi, i-PPA ibe neziphumo zemali ezibalaseleyo ngo-2024. Ingeniso iyonke yenkampani inyuke nge-5% ukusuka ngo-2023 ukuya kwi-230.9 yezigidi zeerandi. Ingeniso yangaphambi kwerhafu inyuke nge-17.4% ukuya kwi-112.9 yezigidi zeerandi. Inzuzo emva kwerhafu inyuke nge-30.8% ukuya kwi-87.4 yezigidi zeerandi. Kunyaka wesine ngokulandelelana, imali yenkampani ibe ngcono. Oku bekubangelwa kushishino oluninzi oluvela kwizikhululo zezithuthi (ukunyuka nge-28.2%), ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elunxwemeni, kunye nemisebenzi yohambo ngenqanawa.
IPiraeus njengeZiko lokuThutha: Isango, kungekhona indawo ekuyiwa kuyo kuphela
Into ebalulekileyo abantu abayikhumbulayo rhoqo xa bejonga iPiraeus ngaphandle kukuba ayisiyo nje indlela yokungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle, kodwa ikwayindawo yokudlulisela ukuthunyelwa. Uninzi lweekhonteyina ezidlula kwiPiers II kunye neIII zeCOSCO ziyathunyelwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ziza ngeenqanawa ezinkulu ezivela eAsia zize emva koko zithunyelwe kwiinqanawa ezincinci eziya kwizibuko zoLwandle oluMnyama, kwizibuko zaseAdriatic, kwiimarike zaseMpuma Yurophu, nakwiizibuko zaseMntla Afrika.
I-COSCO yaqala ukutsalwa yiPiraeus ngenxa yale modeli yokudluliselwa kwenqanawa. Ivumela iinqanawa ezinkulu ukuba zime kanye kwiMeditera, ePiraeus, endaweni yezininzi, nto leyo egcina ipetroli nexesha kuhambo. Iinethiwekhi zezothutho emva koko zithutha imithwalo ngokukhawuleza ziye kwiimarike zesibini. IPiraeus lizibuko eliphambili leendawo ezifana neTurkey, iRomania, iBulgaria, iUkraine (ngaphambi kwemfazwe), iYiputa, i-Israel, kunye nommandla wonke waseLevant.
Unxibelelwano lwezitimela ezininzi lwenze kwaba lula ukuba izibuko lidibane neemarike ezikummandla waseYurophu. Indlela yokuthutha impahla yaseBalkans kunye nonxibelelwano oluya kuMbindi Yurophu kwenza iPiraeus ibe ngumncintisani kungekuphela nje njengendawo yokudlulisela impahla eMeditera kodwa ikwayindlela eyahlukileyo yokufikelela kubathengi baseMzantsi-mpuma nabaseMbindi Yurophu. Oku kuyingxaki ethe ngqo kulawulo lwamazibuko aseMntla Yurophu awayesoloko elawula ukuhamba kwempahla.
Ubukhulu beJografi: Iinkxalabo ze-BRI, i-NATO, kunye neWashington
IPiraeus ayikho kwimeko yezopolitiko. Utshintsho lwezibuko yinkampani karhulumente waseTshayina kwilizwe elingamalungu e-NATO lubangele iingxaki ezininzi kumagosa aseNtshona, ingakumbi eWashington. Ingxaki ephambili ilula: I-COSCO lishishini karhulumente waseTshayina, ngoko ke iQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina lilawula phezu kwalo. Oku kunokwenza amaqabane e-NATO abe sesichengeni malunga nokufikelela kubukrelekrele, iindawo zokuthintela uthutho, okanye amandla olawulo lwezopolitiko.
I-United States yabeka i-COSCO kuluhlu lwayo lwabantu abamnyama ngo-2025 ngenxa yenkxalabo yokhuseleko lwesizwe. Oku kwenza ubudlelwane be-US-Greece kunye ne-US-China bube nzima nangakumbi ngaxeshanye. IGrisi ibilumkele kakhulu ubudlelwane bayo ne-diplomacy, isebenzisa ubudlelwane bayo neTshayina ukuzisa imisebenzi kunye notyalo-mali ngelixa igcina izithembiso zayo kumalungu e-NATO kunye ne-EU. Urhulumente waseGrisi usenayo i-7.1% ye-PPA, kwaye i-free float yi-25%. I-PPA ibithengiswa kwi-Athens Stock Exchange ukusukela ngo-2003.
Inkalo yezopolitiko ingaphezulu nje kwengxolo yangasemva yamashishini. Yenza ukufikelela kwizibuko kungaqinisekiswa, iphakamisa amathuba okuba kubekho isohlwayo, kwaye yenza ukhuseleko lwezivumelwano zexesha elide lungaqinisekanga. Isivumelwano seCOSCO sihlala kude kube ngu-2052, oko kuthetha ukuba sinokusebenza iminyaka engama-30. Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane obutshintshayo phakathi kwe-US ne-China bunokutshintsha isikhundla sezopolitiko sezibuko ngeendlela ezichaphazela indlela abathuthi beenqwelo-moya bamazwe ngamazwe abazihambisa ngayo imithwalo yabo.
Oko Kuthethwa YiPiraeus Ngabathumeli Bempahla BaseTshayina BaseYurophu
IPiraeus ibe yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuhambisa iimpahla kwiimarike zaseYurophu, ingakumbi eMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, kwiiBalkans, nakwiMpuma Mediterane. Xa kuthelekiswa namazibuko aseMantla Yurophu, ithuba lokuhamba linokuba ziintsuku ezine ukuya kwezintlanu. Oku kuthetha iindleko zokuthwala impahla ezingabizi kakhulu, imijikelo yokuzalisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nothungelwano lokubonelela olusabela ngakumbi.
Iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe nazo ziseke amaziko okusasaza kufutshane nezibuko kuba kulula ukufikelela kwiindawo ezikhulayo zorhwebo lwe-e-commerce kunye namaziko okusasaza eGrisi nakwiindawo ezingqongileyo. Emva kokuba i-COSCO ityale imali, i-HP yavula indawo yokusasaza eGrisi. Ngo-2013, iHuawei yabhengeza iinjongo ezifanayo ezingazange zenzeke de kwaba ngu-2024. Oku kwenza iPiraeus yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemixokelelwane yokubonelela ngeenkonzo kwihlabathi liphela yeengcali zobuchwepheshe, nto leyo eyaqinisa ngakumbi ukubaluleka kwezibuko.
IPiraeus ayiseyiyo nje indlela yokukhetha iinkampani zezothutho ezisebenza kwi-corridor yaseTshayina neYurophu. Iye yaba yindlela ekhethwayo yokuthutha impahla ethile, ingakumbi iimpahla ezenziweyo ezithatha ixesha elide, izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi, izixhobo zeemoto, kunye neempahla ezithengiswayo eziya kwiimarike zaseMzantsi naseMpuma Yurophu.
Ingqwalasela: Ukuhambahamba phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu ngeTopway Shipping
“I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eTshayina, ibingumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida ukusukela ngo-2010. Njengoko amazibuko afana nePiraeus etshintsha indlela imithwalo ehamba ngayo phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu, kubaluleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili ukuba neqabane lezothutho elinamava amaninzi.”
Ukuvela kwePiraeus njengesango eliphambili eliya kwiMeditera kwenze izinto zaba lula nangakumbi kubathumeli bamanye amazwe eTshayina. Iinketho zendlela ezazisiya kumazibuko aseMantla Yurophu ngoku zifuna ukujonga ngokucokisekileyo amaxesha okuhamba, uqhagamshelo lwezothutho, indlela eyenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngayo irhafu, kunye namathuba okuhambisa impahla afikelelekayo kwiimarike ezininzi ekujoliswe kuzo.
Abantu abaqalise iTopway Shipping banamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla, begxile kakhulu kwiTshayina kwaye i-US Transportation yenye yeenkonzo zabo, kodwa bakwakhonza amazibuko amakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, njengePiraeus kunye nezinye iindlela ezibalulekileyo zaseYurophu. Banokusingatha zonke izinto zokuthunyelwa kwempahla ukususela kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuthunyelwa kwempahla ukusuka kwiifektri zaseTshayina ukuya kwiindawo zokugcina impahla zaphesheya, ukususwa kwempahla yempahla yerhafu, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla okukhawulezileyo. Kubathumeli abajonga indlela yePiraeus, olu hlobo lwenkonzo edibeneyo, olugubungela lonke uthotho ukusuka kwisango lomzi-mveliso eShenzhen okanye eGuangzhou ukuya kwishelufu yempahla yerhafu eAthens okanye eBelgrade, yiyo kanye into eyenza inzuzo yeqhinga lezibuko libe lithuba lokwenyani leshishini.
I-Topway Shipping ikwanazo neenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle eziguquguqukayo ezine-full-container-load (FCL) kunye ne-less-than-container-load (LCL). Oku kuthetha ukuba abathengisi abakhulu kunye nabathengisi abancinci be-e-commerce banokufumana izivumelwano ezilungileyo zokuthutha. Njengoko indlela yeMeditera isusa amashishini amaninzi kwi-corridor yaseTshayina-Yurophu, ukusebenzisana namaqabane ezothutho ayaziyo indlela esebenza ngayo izibuko kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo izithethe kuloo ndawo kunokukunika ithuba lokwenene ngaphezu kwabakhuphisana nawe.
Indawo yoKhuphiswano: Apho uPiraeus emi khona namhlanje
Ngowama-2024, iRotterdam kunye neAntwerp-Bruges zazisesephezulu kuluhlu lwezikhululo zeenqwelo-mafutha zaseYurophu. Umda phakathi kwazo wawungaphantsi kwama-TEU angama-300,000, eyona incinci kunayo yonke. IHamburg yalandela, yalandelwa yiValencia kunye nePiraeus, ababerhweba ngeendawo ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ebalwa ngayo imiqulu. I-Algeciras ngoku ikufutshane ngokwaneleyo nePiraeus ukuze ifikelele kuyo, ingakumbi kuba iTanger Med (eyayiphethe ii-TEU ezili-10.24 lezigidi ngo-2024, ukunyuka kwe-18.8% ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo) itshintsha ukuhamba kweempahla kwiNtshona yeMeditera.
Isikhundla sokhuphiswano sexesha eliphakathi sikaPiraeus sixhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto ezimbini: indlela esonjululwa ngayo imeko yoLwandle oluBomvu kunye nendlela ebuyiselwa ngayo ishishini kwindlela yeSuez Canal, kunye notyalo-mali oluqhubekayo lweCOSCO ekukhuliseni amandla kunye nokuphucula unxibelelwano. Izibuko lifuna ukuba lelona likhulu eYurophu, nto leyo eya kuthetha ukuba ukukhula kweTEU kuya kufuneka kube ngamanani aphindwe kabini kangangeminyaka eliqela. Okwangoku, elo phupha lisephupha nje, kodwa iqonga leziseko zophuhliso leCOSCO lenza ukuba libe yinjongo yexesha elide enokwethenjelwa endaweni yokuba yiminqweno nje.
| Izibuko leeKhonteyina ze-EU | Umqulu we-TEU ka-2024 (malunga) | Unyaka-ngonyaka Utshintsho | Udidi (2024) |
| Rotterdam | ~14.8M TEU | + 4.1% | 1st |
| I-Antwerp-Bruges | ~14.5M TEU | + 8.1% | 2nd |
| Hamburg | ~8.3M TEU | + 4.5% | 3rd |
| Valencia | ~5.8M TEU | +Iinombolo eziphezulu zodwa | 4th |
| IPiraeus (Piers II kunye ne-III) | ~4.8M TEU | -7.8% | 5th |
| Algeciras | ~4.7M TEU | ~Iflethi | 6th |
| UGioia Tauro | ~4.0M TEU | +Inani eliphindwe kabini | 7th |
Umthombo: PortEconomics.eu, 2025. Qaphela: Amanani ePiraeus abonisa iPiers II kunye neIII ezisebenza ngeCOSCO kuphela; ivolumu epheleleyo yeeport kuquka ne-PPA terminal iphezulu.
Indlela Engaphambili: Izicwangciso Zokwandisa kunye Nezinto Eziphambili Kwizicwangciso
Nangona umthamo wezithuthi kwiPiraeus Port Authority wehlile ngo-2024, amabhongo abo otyalo-mali asemakhulu. Eli zibuko liqhubela phambili ngamanyathelo okwandisa izikhululo zalo, ukuphucula amakhonkco alo oololiwe abaphakathi, kunye nokukhulisa imisebenzi yalo yohambo ngenqanawa kunye nezithuthi njengemithombo emitsha yengeniso. I-COSCO ithe esidlangalaleni ukuba ifuna ukwenza iPiraeus ibe lizibuko elikhulu leekhonteyina eYurophu. Ukuze yenze oku, kuya kufuneka yoyise iHamburg kunye neeBenelux heavyweights.
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kuya kuba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi. Iinkqubo zoluntu lwezibuko, iinkqubo zoxwebhu olusekelwe kwi-blockchain, kunye nokubeka esweni izikhongozeli ezisebenza ne-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) zonke zikwiluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zisebenze kuzo. Olu phuculo alubalulekanga nje kuphela ekwenzeni imisebenzi isebenze kakuhle, kodwa lukwanceda ekwenzeni izibuko libe nomtsalane ngakumbi kwiindlela zokuthumela iimpahla zehlabathi ezijonga iifowuni zezibuko kumgca omkhulu we-Asia-Europe.
Kukwakho necala lokusingqongileyo eliya libaluleka ngakumbi. Amazibuko aseYurophu aphantsi koxinzelelo olungakumbi lokuba asebenzise umbane oluhlaza ngokufaka umbane oselunxwemeni, izibonelelo ze-LNG bunkers, iiprojekthi zovavanyo lwe-hydrogen, kunye neendlela zokuhambisa imithwalo eziluhlaza. Amandla ePiraeus okutsala isizukulwana esilandelayo seenqanawa ezikhupha umbane ophantsi kakhulu aza kuyinceda ukuba ihlale ikhuphisana xa ishishini laselwandle litshintsha kwiminyaka yoo-2030.
isiphelo
IPiraeus isuke ekubeni yindawo yama-93 kwezona zibuko zibalaseleyo zaseMeditera yaya kwindawo yesi-5 kwezona zikhulu eYurophu kwisithuba esingaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15. Oku kubonisa indlela imali, isicwangciso esicacileyo, kunye nendawo elungileyo ezinokusebenzisana ngayo ukutshintsha ukuhamba korhwebo kwihlabathi liphela. Ingcamango yotyalo-mali lwe-COSCO oluxabisa i-600 yezigidi zeerandi yayiyindlela yokubheja kwijografi yeMeditera. Olu bhejo luye lwahlawula lukhulu, nangona uxinzelelo lwezopolitiko kunye nemeko yoLwandle oluBomvu zenze izinto zangazinzi ngakumbi.
Kwabathuthi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka ikhunjulwe kukuba iPiraeus ngoku yindlela yokwenyani, exhaswa ngemali, kwaye inomthamo ophezulu wokudlulisa iimpahla phakathi kweAsia kunye neMzantsi/Mpuma Yurophu. Kukho ukonga okukhulu kweentsuku ezine ukuya kwezintlanu ngexesha lokuhamba xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izibuko eMntla Yurophu. Inethiwekhi ye-feeder yezibuko igubungela lonke iMpuma Mediterane kunye noLwandle Olumnyama. Ukwehla komthamo ngo-2024 kwakubangelwa kakhulu zizinto zangaphandle, ezifana nokuphazamiseka koLwandle Olubomvu, kwaye kungengenxa yokuba izibuko lalibuthathaka ngokwesakhiwo. Njengoko indlela yeSuez Canal ibuyela kwisiqhelo, ezinye zezi ndleko zinokuthi zibuyele umva.
Amandla kaPiraeus okukhuphisana neRotterdam kunye neAntwerp kwiindawo eziphezulu kuluhlu lweechweba zaseYurophu aya kuxhomekeka kutyalo-mali oluqhubekayo, uzinzo kwezopolitiko, kunye nendlela eli chweba elinokuguqula ngayo umthamo walo wokudluliselwa kwezithuthi libe lunxibelelwano oluqinileyo lweendlela ezininzi. Kucacile ngokucacileyo ukuba eli chweba litshintshe ngokusisigxina iziko lobunzima bezinto zokuhambisa iikhonteyina zaseYurophu. Olu tshintsho luya kuchaphazela isicwangciso sothungelwano lokubonelela ngeenkonzo iminyaka emininzi ezayo.
FAQs
Q: Kutheni iCOSCO ikhethe iPiraeus kunezinye iichweba zaseMeditera?
A: IPiraeus yayiyeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokuba iinqanawa ezivela kumazibuko aseMpuma Asia zifikelele kubathengi baseYurophu ngeSuez Canal. Yanciphisa ixesha lokuhamba ngeentsuku ezine ukuya kwezintlanu xa ithelekiswa namazibuko aseMantla Yurophu. Izicwangciso ze-COSCO zothutho lwaseYurophu phantsi kweBelt and Road Initiative zibonelelwe ngcono lizibuko lendalo laseGrisi elinamanzi anzulu, ukungabikho kophuhliso (oko kuthetha ukuba kukho indawo yokukhula), kunye nokukulungela kwalo ukuthengisa izinto zabucala ngexesha lengxaki yemali.
Q: Ingaba uPiraeus usekwindawo yesi-5 eYurophu ngo-2025?
A: Ngokwedatha yePortEconomics ka-2024, iPiraeus lizibuko lesihlanu elixakekileyo kwi-EU lokuhamba kweekhonteyina kwiipiers zalo ezisebenza ngeCOSCO. Ukuba ubala ubungakanani bezibuko lilonke, kuquka ne-terminal yePPA, ukubekwa okusebenzayo kunokuba mkhulu. Ingxaki yoLwandle oluBomvu ivelise ukwehla kwexesha elifutshane kwe-7.8% ngo-2024, ngelixa umkhwa wezibuko ixesha elide usakhula.
Q: Ingxaki yoLwandle oluBomvu iyichaphazela njani indlela yokuthutha impahla edlula ePiraeus?
A: Ngenxa yengxaki yoLwandle oluBomvu, iinkampani ezininzi zokuthutha imithwalo kwafuneka zitshintshe iindlela zazo ukuze zijikeleze iCape of Good Hope yaseAfrika endaweni yokusebenzisa iSuez Canal. Oku kwenze ukuba iinqanawa ezinkulu zaseAsia-Europe zimbalwa ezime ePiraeus ukuze zithuthe iimpahla, yiyo loo nto inani leenqanawa lehla ngo-2024. Ukubuyisela umzila weSuez Canal kuya kunceda ngoko nangoko ubungakanani bokudluliselwa kwemithwalo okudlula ePiraeus.
Q: Iyintoni isabelo se-COSCO kwiPiraeus Port Authority?
A: I-COSCO Shipping ina-67% yePiraeus Port Authority SA (PPA), eyathi yathengwa kancinci kancinci, iqala nge-51% ngo-2016 yaza yakhula yaya kwi-67% ngo-2021 emva kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zotyalo-mali. Urhulumente waseGrisi unama-7.1% enkampani, kwaye ama-25% athengiswa kwi-Athens Stock Exchange.
Q: Ngaba amashishini amancinci naphakathi angafikelela kwiPiraeus routing yokuthunyelwa kwempahla phakathi kweTshayina neYurophu?
A: Ewe. Iinkonzo zokudibanisa i-LCL kunye neenkampani zokuhambisa impahla ezifana neTopway Shipping zenza imithwalo ehanjiswa ngePiraeus ifumaneke ukuze inciphise umthwalo, nangona abathumeli abakhulu beFCL banokuqhubeka ngqo baye echwebeni. Iinkonzo ze-LCL zidibanisa imithwalo emincinci evela kubathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina ibe yimithwalo epheleleyo yeekhonteyina. Oku kwandisa iindleko ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kunika iinkampani zazo zonke iisayizi ukufikelela kwiingenelo zePiraeus zejografi kunye nexesha.
