Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eFransi: Iimfuneko zokuMakisha i-CE ongenakukwazi ukuzitsiba
Amagosa erhafu aseFransi akhupha amawaka eepakethe kunye neekhonteyina ebhantini inyanga nenyanga ukuze ajonge ngokusondeleyo, kwaye inxalenye enkulu yezo zinto zingafunyanwa emva kwiphepha elinye elilahlekileyo: ubungqina bokuhambelana kwe-CE. Kumthengisi waseTshayina okanye umthengisi we-Amazon.fr othenga kwifektri eYiwu okanye eShenzhen, uphawu lwe-CE lunokubonakala ngathi luyinto esesikweni efihliweyo kwimifanekiso yemveliso yomthengisi. Hayi, akunjalo. Sisibhengezo esisemthethweni kwaye ukwenza okungalunganga kunokuguqula ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yolwandle okuqhelekileyo kube yikhonteyina egcinwe eLe Havre kangangeeveki ngelixa imali yakho iphela.
Esi sifundo sigubungela oko kuthethwa kukuphawulwa kwe-CE kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina ukuya eFransi ngo-2026, oko kutshintshileyo ngomthetho omtsha we-EU njengoMthetho woBuchule bokuHlala kwiCyber kunye noMgaqo woKhuseleko lweMveliso ngokubanzi, kunye nendlela amasiko aseFransi ahluke ngayo kwamanye amazwe e-EU. Sikwajonga icala elisebenzayo: indlela amaphepha afanele ahambe ngayo nomthwalo wakho, kunye nendlela iqabane lezothutho elisemhlabeni elinokuthintela ngayo ukuthunyelwa okusemthethweni ukuba kungaxhonywa ngezizathu ezinxulumene nokungathobeli kwaphela.
Nokuba uthumela ipalethi yakho yokuqala yezixhobo zasekhaya ezixhunyiweyo okanye isitya sakho samashumi amahlanu sezixhobo ezincinci zasekhitshini, umbuzo uhlala ufana: ngaba amaphepha angasemva kwale mveliso ayahambelana noko kulindelwe ngumthetho we-EU, kwaye uyasinda ekunxibelelaneni negosa lezerhafu elibone yonke into?
Ingozi iphezulu kakhulu. Kumazwe aliqela angamalungu, izohlwayo zokungathobeli umthetho wokuvumelanisa i-EU ngoku zinokufikelela kwiimali ezintandathu, ukongeza kwixabiso lorhwebo elikhawulezileyo lokuthunyelwa kwempahla, ukurhoxiswa koluhlu lwemarike okanye umthengi adlulisele ngokuthula umyalelo olandelayo wokuthenga kwenye imboni. Oko akufanele kuthintele umthengisi wempahla oqalayo ovela kwimarike yaseFransi, eseyenye yezona ndawo zivulelekileyo zokungena kwi-EU. Kukubonisa ukuba umsebenzi wokuthobela imithetho ngokwenene uthwala umthwalo kwaye awungobuhle.
Oko Kuthethwa Yi-CE Marking Kwimpahla Yakho
Uphawu lwe-CE alulophawu lomgangatho kwaye alukhutshwa yiofisi karhulumente ehlola imveliso yakho ngaphambi kokuba uyithumele. Luzibhengezo ezenziwe ngumenzi okanye, kwiimeko ezininzi, umngenisi werekhodi ukuba imveliso iyahambelana nayo yonke imithetho efanelekileyo yokuvumelanisa i-EU ngaphambi kokuba ifike kwimarike ye-EU. Oonobumba ababini bathetha i-Conformite Europeenne kwaye ukuzifaka ngaphandle kokwenza umsebenzi libango lobuxoki, asiyondlela emfutshane.
Umzekelo, kwimpahla ethunyelwa eTshayina ukuya eFransi, umzi-mveliso waseTshayina udla ngokuba ngulowo umthetho waseYurophu uwujonga njengomvelisi, kodwa uxanduva lomngenisi lukwiqela elibeka iimpahla kwimarike kwi-EU, edla ngokuba ngumthengi waseFransi okanye inkampani ebhalisiweyo yaseFransi. Ukuba akukho qela lenze umsebenzi wokuthobela imithetho, bobabini bayachaphazeleka. Umngenisi uchaphazeleka phantsi koMgaqo (EU) 2019/1020 wokubeka esweni imakethi kwaye umvelisi wokwenyani uyachaphazeleka ukuba abasemagunyeni be-EU banokulandela izinto ngeerekhodi zerhafu.
Kule meko, iFransi inamandla amaninzi ekugcinweni kwemithetho yemihla ngemihla kunamanye amazwe akufutshane nayo. I-Direction Generale des Douanes ihlola amaxwebhu kwindawo yokungena, ngelixa i-DGCCRF, igunya lokukhusela abathengi kunye nobuqhetseba laseFransi, lihlola xa iimpahla zithengiswa, sele zikwiindawo zokugcina impahla okanye kwiishelufu. Imveliso ingadlula kwimida yerhafu kwaye isuswe kwimarike emva kweeveki ukuba amaphepha obuchwephesha axhasa uphawu lwe-CE akasebenzi.
Zeziphi iindidi zeMveliso ezibangela ukuMakishwa kwe-CE
Ayizizo zonke iimveliso ezifuna uphawu lwe-CE. Isibophelelo sisebenza kuphela apho olo hlobo lwemveliso lugutyungelwe ngumyalelo okanye ummiselo othile we-EU, kwaye kukho imithetho engaphezulu kwamashumi amathathu enjalo esebenzayo. Itheyibhile engezantsi idwelisa iindidi eziqhelekileyo ezithunyelwa zivela kwiifektri zaseTshayina ukuya kubathengi nakwiimarike zaseFransi.
| Udidi lweMveliso | Umthetho oLawulayo | Imfuneko ephambili |
| Izinto ze-elektroniki kunye nezombane (50-1000V AC) | Umyalelo wombane ophantsi 2014/35/EU | Uvavanyo lokhuseleko, ifayile yobugcisa, iSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho |
| Izixhobo ezingenazingcingo neziqhagamshelweyo | Isikhokelo seRadiyo yezixhobo zika-2014/53 / EU | Uvavanyo lwe-RF kunye, ukususela ngo-2026 ukuya phambili, uhlolo lokhuseleko lwe-cyber oluqhutywa kancinci kancinci |
| Izinto zokudlala kunye neemveliso zabantwana | I-Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC | Uvavanyo lokhuseleko lweekhemikhali nolwemishini, uvavanyo lwengozi yokukrwitshwa |
| Oomatshini kunye nezixhobo zoshishino | Ulawulo loomatshini (EU) 2023/1230 | Uvavanyo lomngcipheko, ifayile yobugcisa; imithetho yecandelo elazisiweyo esele isebenza |
| Izinto zokukhusela | Ummiselo wePPE (EU) 2016/425 | Uhlu lodidi lomngcipheko, oludla ngokuhlolwa ngumbutho wesithathu |
| Iimveliso zokwakha | Ummiselo weeMveliso zoKwakha (EU) 2024/3110 | Isibhengezo sokusebenza phantsi kwemigangatho evisisanayo |
| Iimveliso ezixhunyiwe/ezisebenzisa isoftware | UMthetho Wokumelana Neengxaki Ze-Intanethi (i-EU) ka-2024/2847 | Amaxwebhu okhuseleko ngokoyilo, aqala ukusebenza kancinci kancinci ukuya kuthi ga ngoDisemba 2027 |
Ixabiso lokufika apho liyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kudidi. Isincamathiselo esilula esiqinisekisiweyo sinokubhalwa kwiimvavanyo kunye namaphepha angamakhulu ambalwa eedola. Imveliso enkulu okanye isixhobo sonyango esifuna ukuvavanywa ngokupheleleyo sinokufikelela kumashumi amawaka ee-euro ngaphambi kokuba iyunithi enye ithunyelwe. Ukuba uyifumana le nto kwinqanaba leekowuteshini kwaye uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwayo, oko konga ixesha elininzi lokuxoxisana kwakhona kamva, endaweni yokuyifumana emva kokuba kusayinwe umyalelo wokuthenga.
Imveliso enye ingaba phantsi kwezi frameworks zimbini okanye ezintathu ngaxeshanye. Umzekelo, isikali sekhitshi esisebenza nge-wifi sinokufuneka sihlangabezane neLow Voltage Directive, iRadio Equipment Directive kwaye ekugqibeleni iCyber Resilience Act ngaxeshanye. Yiyo loo nto ucwangciso lokuthobela imithetho kufuneka luqale kwinqanaba loyilo lwemveliso eTshayina, hayi xa kukho isitya esibhukishiweyo.
Kwakhona khumbula ukuba izibophelelo zokumakisha i-CE azipheli xa ikhonteyina isusiwe kwi-customs. Abasemagunyeni abajongene nokubeka esweni imarike banokucela ifayile yobugcisa emva kweminyaka imveliso ithengisiwe, kwaye abavelisi ngokubanzi kufuneka bayigcine iminyaka elishumi, ngoko ke amaxwebhu aveliswayo okuthunyelwa kwenye inqwelo kufuneka asinde ekuhlaziyweni kwemveliso izihlandlo ezininzi.
Utshintsho Lolawulo luka-2026: Yintoni Entsha Kwabangenisi Bempahla
Uphawu lwe-CE aluzange luhlale lumi. Kukho utshintsho oluninzi olubalulekileyo olusele lwenziwe kude kube ngu-2026 no-2027, kwaye abathengisi bamazwe angaphandle abagqibela ukujonga imithetho kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo bajongene nomfanekiso ongasasebenziyo ngoku.
UMthetho woKunyamezela kwiCyber
Umgaqo (i-EU) ka-2024/2847 ufuna iimfuno ezinyanzelekileyo zokhuseleko lwe-cyber kuyo nayiphi na imveliso yehardware okanye yesoftware enento yedijithali ethengiswa kwi-EU. Endaweni yomhla omnye wokuphela, ukuqaliswa kuyacwangciswa. Ukusebenza ngokusesikweni kwemibutho yovavanyo lokuhambelana nokulandelwa kwemithetho eya kuhlola iimveliso ezinxulumene nomngcipheko ophezulu kuya kuqala ngoJuni ka-2026. Ukususela ngoSeptemba ka-2026, abavelisi beemveliso ezixhunyiweyo kufuneka baxele ubuthathaka obusetyenziswa ngokukhutheleyo kunye neziganeko zokhuseleko ezinzulu ngejelo lengxelo eliphakathi. Uninzi lwezi mbopheleleko, kubandakanya uxanduva lokumakishwa kwe-CE ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa kokhuseleko lwe-cyber, luya kuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kuphela ukususela nge-11 kaDisemba ka-2027, kodwa iimveliso ezibekwe kwimarike ngaphambi koko zisenokubuyiselwa kwizinga ukuba zenze utshintsho olukhulu emva koko.
Ukuba ungumzi-mveliso owenza iimveliso zasekhaya ezikrelekrele, izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo okanye nantoni na ehambelana ne-app, kungcono ukucwangcisa oku ngoku kunokuba ukuyeke de kufike ixesha elibekiweyo. Amaxwebhu okhuseleko, iindlela zokulawula ubuthathaka kunye nexesha lokutyhilwa kubasebenzisi bokugqibela kufuneka zonke zibekho kudala ngaphambi kokuba iqumrhu elinolwazi libe namandla okuzihlola.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-CRA ayipheleli nje kwizixhobo ze-IoT ezicacileyo. Ukuba imveliso ine-app, inkqubo yokuhlaziya i-firmware, okanye naluphi na uhlobo lonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi, mhlawumbi ikwindawo enkulu, itsala iindidi apho umzi-mveliso waseTshayina ebengenakuzijonga ngaphambili 'njenge-tech' - ukusuka kwizibane ezikrelekrele ukuya kwizixhobo zasekhitshini ezixhunyiweyo ukuya kwizixhobo zokomelela komzimba.
Umgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko lweMveliso Jikelele
Ukususela ngoDisemba ka-2024, uMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko lweMveliso Jikelele uthathe indawo yomyalelo wokhuseleko lwemveliso endala kuyo nayiphi na impahla yabathengi, nokuba iphawulwe nge-CE okanye hayi. Ifuna umntu onoxanduva obizwa kwi-EU ukuze athengise kwi-intanethi. Uluhlu lwesaphulelo saseFransi i-Amazon okanye i-Cdiscount olungenandawo yokunxibelelana esemthethweni kwi-EU ngemiba yokhuseleko lungumsantsa wokuthobela imithetho ngokwalo, nokuba imveliso iyayifuna okanye ayifuni uphawu lwe-CE kwaphela.
Ulawulo loomatshini kunye neemveliso zokwakha
I-Machinery Directive ithathelwe indawo yi-Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230. Uninzi lwezibonelelo zezinto eziphathekayo sele zisebenza kwaye ezinye izibonelelo ze-acknowledge-body ziya kuqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2027. I-Construction Products Regulation (EU) 2024/3110 nayo yaqala ukusebenza kwiimpahla ezininzi zokwakha ukususela ngoJanuwari 2026, kodwa iimveliso esele zithobela umgaqo omdala ka-2011 kwaye zigutyungelwe yimigangatho ekhoyo ehambelanayo zinokuqhubeka nokusebenza phantsi kwaloo migangatho de ezintsha zifikelele kudidi ngodidi.
Inyathelo ngenyathelo: Ukulungiselela ukuthunyelwa kwe-CE ngaphambi kokuba kuhambe eTshayina
Umsebenzi kufuneka uqale ngokuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwemiyalelo efanelekileyo, kuba uqikelelo olungachanekanga apha luchitha yonke into elandelayo. Umenzi okanye iqabane lakhe lokuthobela imithetho emva koko lilandela inkqubo yovavanyo lokuhambelana nemithetho echazwe kuloo mthetho, enokuba luvavanyo lwangaphakathi lwezinto ezinobungozi obuphantsi, kodwa iindidi ezinobungozi obuphezulu zifuna umbutho ovunyiweyo onolwazi ukuze uvavanye kwaye uqinisekise imveliso.
Nje ukuba uvavanyo lugqityiwe, ifayile yobugcisa kufuneka ihlanganiswe kwaye igcinwe iminyaka eli-10. Oku kuquka imizobo yoyilo, uvavanyo lomngcipheko, iingxelo zovavanyo kunye nemigangatho esetyenziswayo. Emva koko umenzi kufuneka atyikitye iSibhengezo sokuVumelana ne-EU, esiluxwebhu olukhethekileyo lomthetho (hayi uphawu lwe-CE) apho yonke imiyalelo imveliso ethobelayo idweliswa khona. Kuphela xa olo xwebhu lukhona apho uphawu lwe-CE lunokuthi lunamatheliswe kwiimpahla, kwisikhongozeli salo okanye kumaxwebhu anxulumene nalo, ngolo hlobo lokukhetha phantsi kwemithetho emininzi.
Inqanaba lokugqibela, ekulula ukuliphosa kwindawo yokuvelisa eGuangdong, kukuqinisekisa ukuba amaphepha ahamba nezinto, zombini ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwedijithali. Abathengisi berhafu baseFransi bafuna ukuba iSibhengezo sokuVumelana kunye nesishwankathelo sobuchwephesha esixhasayo sinikezelwe xa siceliwe. Ukulibaziseka apha sesinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuba ukuthunyelwa okuvumelanayo kugcinwe emdeni, kuba nje kungekho mntu ucinga ukuba unika uxwebhu oluchanekileyo kumthumeli wempahla.
Kunceda ukuphatha ifayile yobugcisa njengerekhodi ephilayo endaweni yokuba ibe yinto enokufikelelwa kube kanye. Ukuba naluphi na umba wemveliso uphuculwe ngumzi-mveliso, nokuba yi-firmware okanye ngumthengisi wenxalenye enye ye-elektroniki, umzi-mveliso kufuneka uphinde uhlole ukuba uvavanyo lwangoku lokuhambelana nemithetho lusasebenza na. Utshintsho olukhulu lunokuphelisa iSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho esichanekileyo ngomhla esasayinwa ngawo.
Iimfuno ezithile zaseFransi ngaphaya kophawu lwe-CE
Isatifikethi se-CE sikwi-EU iphela kodwa iFrance yongeza uxanduva lwayo lwesizwe oluphazamisa abathumeli ngaphandle abacinga ukuba ifayile enye yokuthobela imithetho isebenza ngokufanayo kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu.
| Imfuneko | Oko Ikugubungelayo | Inyanzeliswa Ngu |
| Umthetho wolwimi lwaseLoi Toubon | Imiyalelo yokhuseleko, izilumkiso, kunye neelebheli kufuneka zivele ngesiFrentshi | DGCCRF |
| Igalelo le-eco-contribution kwi-Filiere REP | Imirhumo eyongezelelweyo yoxanduva lomvelisi wokupakisha, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, amalaphu, ifenitshala | I-Ecologic, i-Ecosystem, kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo eziphila |
| Ilogo ye-Triman | Ukuphinda usebenzise imiyalelo yokumakisha kuyimfuneko kwiipakethe ezininzi zabathengi ezithengiswa eFransi | I-ADEME / DGCCRF |
| Umntu onoxanduva osekwe kwi-EU | Umntu obizwa ngegama ngemicimbi yokhuseleko phantsi kweGPSR, ofunekayo kwintengiso yemarike ekwi-intanethi | DGCCRF |
Inani elimangalisayo labathumeli-mpahla abaqalayo ukuthengisa kwamanye amazwe liwela phantsi kweenkqubo zokufaka isandla kwindalo, kuba zisetyenziswa phezu kophawu lwe-CE, kungekhona njengotshintsho, kwaye ubhaliso kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba iimpahla zifike kwimarike yaseFransi, kungekhona emva kokuba uhlolo lwe-warehouse luphawule umsantsa. Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokupakisha, izixhobo ezincinci kwanefenitshala, kwaye nganye inenkqubo yayo yokubhalisa.
Kwenzeka ntoni kwiFrench Customs ngaphandle kophawu oluhambelanayo
Ngokwesiqhelo xa irhafu yaseFransi iphawula ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngenxa yokungabikho okanye amaxwebhu e-CE angathandabuzekiyo, isikhongozeli sigcinwa kwindawo ebotshelelweyo ngelixa umngenisi ezama ukwenza iSibhengezo sokuVumelana esisenokuba asisekho okwangoku. Kwizibuko ezifana neLe Havre okanye iMarseille-Fos, kufakwa iindleko zokugcina imihla ngemihla, kwaye ukuba amaxwebhu awaziswanga ngexesha elivunyelwe yirhafu, umthwalo ungavunyelwa ngokupheleleyo ukungena, uthunyelwe kwakhona ngeendleko zomngenisi, okanye utshatyalaliswe kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo.
Iimveliso sele zithengiswa kwaye zijongiwe ngaphaya komda yi-DGCCRF kunye nenkqubo yesilumkiso esikhawulezileyo yeSafety Gate ye-EU (eyathatha indawo yenkqubo yangaphambili ye-RAPEX). Imveliso ephawulwe kwiSafety Gate iphawulwa ngaxeshanye kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EU kwaye abathengisi baseFransi abafumanisa ukuba bathengisa imveliso ebuyiselwayo okanye engathobeliyo imithetho bahlala beyeka uku-odola kwakhona kuloo mthengisi ngoko nangoko, nto leyo ebiza kakhulu ixesha elide kunayo nayiphi na ikhonteyina enye ephethweyo.
Ngokomgaqo akukho nanye kwezi zinto ikhethekileyo eFransi – lonke ilizwe elililungu le-EU linendlela yalo yokujonga imida kunye nokuhlolwa kwemarike. Into eyahlukileyo ngeFransi ngokwesiqhelo kukudityaniswa kwenkcubeko esebenzayo yokuhlola irhafu kwizibuko zayo ezinkulu (kunye negunya lokukhusela abathengi elihlala lijonga iimveliso emva kokuba zifike eshelufini), oko kuthetha ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okugqithileyo ngosuku lokuqala akunyanzelekanga ukuba kube semthethweni kwiinyanga ezilandelayo.
Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Ezenziwa Ngabathumeli Bamanye Amazwe baseTshayina
Ingcamango engaqhelekanga kakhulu iphakathi kophawu olufanelekileyo lwe-CE kunye nophawu olubizwa ngokuba yi-'China Export', olufana kakhulu kodwa olungenalo igunya elisemthethweni kwi-EU. Enyanisweni, abasemagunyeni baseFransi bacinga ngokusetyenziswa kwesiqinisekiso se-CE sobuxoki, nokuba asikuko ngabom kodwa sisiphumo sokupakisha isitokhwe somthengisi, njengesibhengezo sobuqhetseba kwaye asiyompazamo yokubhala ilebheli engenatyala.
Esinye isikhewu esiqhelekileyo kukuqinisekiswa kwemveliso efuna ukuphononongwa ngumntu ngamnye, rhoqo kuba umzi-mveliso ukope indlela yokuhambelana nemveliso kumgca wemveliso ofanayo kodwa ongafaniyo. Abathumeli ngaphandle badla ngokusilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomntu onoxanduva lwe-EU phantsi koMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko lweMveliso Jikelele xa bethengisa ngeemarike ze-intanethi, becinga ukuba uphawu lwe-CE lodwa luyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zokuthengisa kwi-intanethi, ngelixa uluhlu lweemarike ngoku lunenqanaba elahlukileyo loxanduva.
Okokugqibela, imithwalo emininzi ifika neSivumelwano sokuVumelana ngesiTshayina okanye ngesiNgesi kuphela, kungekho nguqulelo yesiFrentshi yemiyalelo yokhuseleko efunekayo phantsi kweLoi Toubon. Amagosa eerhafu kunye noonogada beemarike akufuneki anyamezele oku, kwaye yingxaki enokulungiswa ukuba iimpahla zifunyenwe ngaphambi kokuba ziphume kumzi-mveliso kunokuba zibekwe kwishelufu yaseFransi.
Enye impazamo, engacacanga kangako kodwa exhaphakileyo ngokulinganayo, kukuthatha nje itemplate endala yeSibhengezo sokuVumelana ukusuka kwisizukulwana semveliso ukuya kwesinye kwaye ungahlaziyi imiyalelo ekhankanyiweyo. Uxwebhu olunomthetho ophumayo kuphela lunokubonakala lubanzi kodwa eneneni lubhekisa kwimithetho engasasebenzi ngokupheleleyo kolu didi lwemveliso xa imiyalelo efana noMgaqo woMatshini, uMgaqo weeMveliso zoKwakha njl.njl., iqala ukusebenza kwaye ithatha indawo yemiyalelo yangaphambili.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa KweTopway Okukunceda Ngayo Ukuthintela Ukulibaziseka Okubizayo
Amaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho kunye nothutho lwempahla ziinkalo ezimbini ezidibana ngexesha elichanekileyo apho ikhonteyina ifika kwimirhumo yaseFransi, kwaye kulapho ke uthutho oluninzi olulungiselelwe kakuhle luqhubeka lungasebenzi khona. I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, yaqala ukugxila kwicala lokusebenza kwe-e-commerce logistics ewela imida ngo-2010, ineqela labasunguli abanamava angaphezu kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ekuhanjisweni kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla.
Ayisiyonto nje inye yohambo, kodwa iTopway Shipping ijongene noluhlu lonke lokuthunyelwa oluvela eTshayina ukuya eFransi – ukuthunyelwa kokuqala ukusuka efektri, ukubhukisha imithwalo yolwandle enomthwalo opheleleyo okanye ongaphantsi kweendlela zokuthwala imithwalo, ukugcinwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe xa impahla ifika eYurophu, ukulungelelaniswa kokususwa kwempahla ukuya kuthi ga ekuhanjisweni okude. Eso sakhiwo sithetha ukuba iSibhengezo sokuVumelana, i-invoyisi yorhwebo kunye nesishwankathelo sobuchwephesha esilungiswa ngumvelisi eTshayina asilahleki xa kudluliselwa abathengisi abathathu okanye abane abahlukeneyo ngaphambi kokuba bafikelele kumthengisi wempahla waseFransi.
Kubathengisi abasagqibezela uxwebhu lwe-CE ngelixa imveliso sele iqalile, ukusebenza neqabane lempahla eliqondayo apho amasiko aseFransi adla ngokuphakamisa imibuzo, kwaye elinokuhambisa imithwalo kwiizibuko ezifanelekileyo kunye namaphepha afanelekileyo asele ecwangcisiwe, kudla ngokwenza umahluko phakathi kokuthunyelwa okuphumayo ngeentsuku kunye nokuhlala kwibhondi ngelixa ii-imeyile zihamba zibuyela umva kwiindawo zexesha.
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubathengisi abancinci abangenabo abasebenzi babo bezothutho eYurophu. Iimpahla zingafunyanwa, zijongwe kwaye zithunyelwe kwiivenkile zaphesheya kwezilwandle esele zimiselwe kufutshane neendawo zokusasazwa zaseFransi okanye ezibanzi ze-EU ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba umbuzo wokuthobela umthetho usonjululwe kwasekuqaleni kumda ngalo lonke ixesha i-SKU entsha ithumela.
isiphelo
Ukumakishwa kwe-CE akuyonto onokuyifaka kwakhona xa isikhongozeli sihambile. Kufuneka kwakhiwe kwimveliso kwinqanaba loyilo, kuqinisekiswe luvavanyo olufanelekileyo lokuhambelana nolu hlobo, kwaye kuxhaswe yiSibhengezo sokuVumelana esihamba nokuthunyelwa, singahlali kwindawo yokugcina i-imeyile yomthengisi. IFrance yongeza umaleko wayo phezulu, ukusuka kwiimfuno zolwimi ukuya kwiinkqubo zokunikela ngendalo, kwaye u-2026 uzise intshukumo yokwenyani yolawulo nge-Cyber Resilience Act kunye ne-General Product Safety Regulation ezingazange zigutyungelwe ziitshekhi ezindala zokuthobela imithetho.
Akukho nanye kwezi zinto ekufuneka ichaphazele ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla ukuba icwangciswe kwangaphambili. Ngumsebenzi wokuthobela imithetho owenziwa eTshayina, kunye neqabane lezothutho eligcina ukuthembeka kwamaxwebhu ukusuka ekuthuthweni kokuqala ukuya ekugqityweni kwerhafu yaseFransi, okugcina iimpahla zithuthwa endaweni yokuhlala kwindawo yokugcina impahla kufutshane neLe Havre ngelixa amaphepha elungiswa emva koko.
FAQs
Q: Ngaba yonke imveliso ethunyelwa eTshayina ukuya eFransi idinga uphawu lwe-CE?
A: Hayi. Iyimfuneko kuphela kwiindidi zeemveliso ezilawulwa ngumthetho othile wokuvumelanisa we-EU. Iimpahla ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zabathengi endaweni yoko zigutyungelwe yiMimiselo yoKhuseleko lweMveliso Jikelele kwaye azidingi phawu lwe-CE konke konke.
Q: Ngubani onoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokuthobela imithetho ye-CE, ngumzi-mveliso okanye ngumthengi waseFransi?
A: Zombini. Phantsi komthetho we-EU kukho izibophelelo kumenzi kwaye ngokwahlukileyo kumngenisi werekhodi, ngoko ke umthengi eFransi ongenaso isiVumelwano sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho esisemthethweni esivela kumthengisi wakhe naye unengxaki.
Q: Ingaba uphawu lwe-'China Export' lufana nophawu lwe-CE?
A: Hayi, kwaye abasemagunyeni baseFransi bayithatha njengengxelo yobuxoki, kungekhona njengempazamo encinci yokubhala amagama.
Q: Ngowuphi uxwebhu olufanele luhambe nokuthunyelwa ngokwako?
A: Umthengisi werhafu kufuneka abe neSibhengezo se-EU sokuVumelana neMithetho kunye nengcaciso yobugcisa efumanekayo xa iceliwe. Le yenye yezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokuba iimpahla ezivumelana nemithetho zibanjwe kumda.
Q: UMthetho woBuchule bokuHlala kwiCyber uyichaphazela njani imithwalo ethunyelwayo ka-2026?
A: Iimbopheleleko ezipheleleyo ze-CRA zokumakisha i-CE ziqala ukusebenza ngoDisemba ka-2027, kodwa iimbopheleleko zengxelo zeemveliso eziqhagamshelweyo ziqala ngoSeptemba ka-2026, ngoko ke kufanelekile ukufumana amaxwebhu okhuseleko ngoku, endaweni yokulinda.