Ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eJamani: Inombolo ye-EORI, Yintoni na kunye nendlela yokuyifumana
Xa ungenisa impahla evela eTshayina ukuya eJamani, uxwebhu olunye luya kwenza okanye luphule imvume yakho yerhafu ngaphambi kokuba isitya sakho sifike nakwizibuko: inombolo ye-EORI. Ngaphandle kwayo, isibhengezo sakho asinakucutshungulwa yirhafu yaseJamani, iimpahla zakho ziya kuhlala kwindawo yokugcina impahla ebotshiweyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ilahleko, kwaye ekugqibeleni umthengi wakho okanye ishishini lakho liya kuhlawula iindleko ebezinokuthi ziphetshwe ngokubhaliswa kwemizuzu emihlanu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni inombolo ye-EORI, kutheni ibalulekile kwiindlela zorhwebo zaseTshayina - eJamani, indlela eyenziwe ngayo le nombolo, ngubani ngokusemthethweni ekufuneka abe nayo, kunye neenkqubo ezichanekileyo zokusetyenziswa ngerhafu yaseJamani ngo-2026. Siza kuxoxa nokuba umthengisi wempahla ofana neTopway Shipping ungena phi kwinkqubo endleleni, njengoko icala lamaphepha lokungenisa lingaqhelekanga ukuba yinxalenye enzima xa uqonda inkqubo.
Yintoni i-EORI Number?
Yintoni i-EORI? I-EORI sisifinyezo senombolo yoBhaliso kunye neyokuZichaza yabaSebenzi bezoQoqosho. Yi-ID eyahlukileyo enikwa nayiphi na inkampani okanye umntu oqhuba imisebenzi yezerhafu kwiManyano yaseYurophu, kubandakanya ukungenisa, ukuthumela ngaphandle okanye ukuhambisa iimpahla kumda wangaphandle we-EU. Le nkqubo yaqaliswa kulo lonke i-EU ngo-2009, ithatha indawo yenqwaba yeenombolo zezerhafu zesizwe ngesazisi esinye esiqatshelwa yiyo onke amazwe angamalungu.
Enyanisweni, inombolo ye-EORI isebenza ngendlela efanayo nenombolo ye-VAT ngeenjongo zerhafu, kodwa isetyenziselwa kuphela izibhengezo zerhafu, iifayile zokhuseleko kunye nokulandelela ukuthunyelwa njengoko kungena nokuphuma kummandla we-EU. Ukuba inkampani ifaka isicelo senombolo ye-EORI kwilizwe elinye le-EU isebenza kulo lonke ilizwe, ngoko ke inombolo ye-EORI ekhutshwe eJamani ingasetyenziselwa ukucoca iimveliso eRotterdam, eHamburg okanye nakweyiphi na enye izibuko le-EU.
Ukuba umiselwe eJamani, iCandelo eliPhezulu leeRhafu, igunya leeRhafu laseJamani, liza kukubhalisa kwi-EORI. Ukuba umiselwe ngaphandle kwe-EU, kufuneka ubhalise kwiLizwe eliLungu apho wenza khona isibhengezo sakho sokuqala seeRhafu okanye ufake isicelo sesigqibo seeRhafu.
Kutheni Inombolo ye-EORI ibalulekile kwi-China-Germany Postroading
IJamani isaqhubeka nokuba yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokungenisa iimpahla zaseTshayina kwimarike yaseYurophu, ngenxa yeziseko zayo zezibuko eHamburg naseBremerhaven kunye nendawo yayo ephakathi yokusasazwa kulo lonke ilizwekazi. Zonke iimpahla zorhwebo eziwela loo mda, nokuba ngolwandle, ngomoya okanye ngololiwe ngenethiwekhi kaloliwe yaseTshayina ukuya eYurophu, kufuneka zibe nesibhengezo serhafu esiqhotyoshelweyo kuyo kwaye akukho sibhengezo sinokufakwa ngaphandle kwenombolo ye-EORI esebenzayo eqhotyoshelwe kuyo.
Oku kuyinyani nokuba ixabiso lokuthunyelwa lingakanani na. Akukho mda uphantsi wokungeniswa kwezorhwebo, apho inombolo ye-EORI ingaphantsi kokuzikhethela. Iphalethi yeesampuli kunye nesikhongozeli esipheleleyo seenyawo ezingama-40 seempahla ezigqityiweyo ziphathwa ngendlela efanayo kwikhawuntara yerhafu: akukho EORI, akukho mvume. Oku kuthetha ukuba kubathengisi be-e-commerce abasebenzisa inkonzo ye-FBA okanye ukuthunyelwa nge-warehouse yabo yangaphandle, inani kufuneka libe khona ngaphambi kokuba ukuthunyelwa kokuqala okungenayo kufike, kungekhona emva kokuba impahla sele ifikile echwebeni.
Kukho umahluko omncinci kubantu abazimeleyo abangabandakanyeki kwimisebenzi yeshishini kwaye abafaka izibhengezo zerhafu ezingaphantsi kwe-10 ngonyaka. Kodwa phantse wonke umthengisi ofumana iimpahla kubathengisi baseTshayina uphulukana nomahluko xa loo msebenzi uqalisa ukuthengisa.
Ifomathi kunye nolwakhiwo lweNombolo ye-EORI
Inombolo ye-EORI yaseJamani inepatheni eqhelekileyo: ikhowudi yelizwe enoonobumba ababini i-DE, ilandelwa yidatha yokuchonga irhafu yomqhubi, edla ngokwakhiwa ngenombolo ye-VAT yaseJamani. Nantsi indlela yokwakheka kwenombolo efomathiweyo ngokuchanekileyo ngokujonga nje kwitheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Element | inkcazelo | umzekelo |
| Ikhowusi yelizwe | Iileta ezimbini ezichaza ilizwe elilungu le-EU elikhuphayo | DE |
| Isichazi somsebenzisi | Ihlala ifumaneka kwinombolo ye-VAT/yerhafu yaseJamani | 123456789 |
| Inombolo epheleleyo ye-EORI | Ikhowudi yelizwe kunye nesazisi, akukho zithuba okanye ii-hyphens | DE123456789 |
| Ukuqinisekiswa | Isebenza kuwo onke amazwe angama-27 angamalungu e-EU xa sele ikhutshiwe | EU ngokubanzi |
Kwiinkampani ezingezizo eze-EU ezibhalisa ngqo eJamani, ekubeni iJamani yindawo yazo yokuqala yokungena kwi-EU, zifumana inombolo kwifomathi efanayo yesimaphambili se-DE, nokuba ishishini lokwenyani liseShenzhen, eGuangzhou okanye naphi na eTshayina.
Ngubani Ofanele Abhalise?
Naliphi na ishishini elisekwe eJamani elingenisa okanye lithumela izinto ngaphandle kwe-EU lidinga inombolo ye-EORI. Isiphelo sebali. Oku kuquka abarhwebi abazimeleyo, ii-GmbH kunye namasebe abhalisiweyo eenkampani zangaphandle.
Kwakhona, abathengisi baseTshayina kunye neefektri ezithengisa ngesiseko se-DDP (irhafu ehanjisiweyo), apho umthengisi eTshayina engumthengisi werekhodi eJamani, uya kufuna inombolo yakhe ye-EORI njengoko irhafu ayizukudlulisela umthwalo kwiziko elingabhaliswanga. Abavelisi abaninzi baseTshayina bayayityeshela le mfuneko, becinga ukuba banokusebenzisa inombolo ye-EORI yomthumeli wabo wempahla endaweni yoko, into engeyiyo loo nto - inombolo kufuneka inikwe nabani na ongumthumeli okanye umthumeli wempahla ovunyiweyo ngokusemthethweni kwisibhengezo serhafu.
Abangenisi baseJamani abathenga kubaboneleli baseTshayina ngesiseko se-FOB okanye se-CIF, apho umthengi waseJamani engumngenisi odumileyo, nabo bayayidinga le nombolo. Ukuba uqhuba ishishini le-Amazon FBA eJamani, ukuthunyelwa kwevenkile ye-Shopify ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla yaseYurophu, okanye umsebenzi wendabuko wokungenisa impahla ngobuninzi, inombolo yakho ye-EORI iya kuba phezulu kuluhlu lwakho lokuhlola ukuthobela imithetho - emva nje kobhaliso lwakho lwe-VAT.
Indlela yokufumana inombolo ye-EORI eJamani, inyathelo ngenyathelo
Ubhaliso lwenziwa kuphela yiCandelo eliPhezulu leeRhafu (iGeneraldirektion Zoll) kwaye, okubalulekileyo, aluhlawuliswa ntlawulo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uhlawule umntu wesithathu ukuze akuthumelele ifomu yesicelo, nangona iifemu ezininzi zezothutho kunye nezomthetho zibonelela ngoncedo oluhlawulelwayo kwiinkampani ezingafuni ukuzikhathaza nge-bureaucracy yaseJamani ngokwazo.
Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yeshishini elibhalisiweyo eJamani yiCustoms Citizen and Business Customer Portal, efuna isatifikethi se-ELSTER, isatifikethi esifanayo sobunikazi bedijithali esisetyenziswa ngamashishini aseJamani xa efaka iirhafu. Nje ukuba ungene uya kuya kwiphepha lolawulo lweenombolo ze-EORI, ufake iinkcukacha zenkampani yakho kunye nenombolo ye-VAT kwaye uthumele isicelo kwi-intanethi.
Okanye, abafaki-zicelo abangafuni ukusebenzisa i-portal ekwi-intanethi okanye abangenaso isatifikethi se-ELSTER banokukhuphela ifomu yesicelo efanelekileyo kwiwebhusayithi yerhafu, bayizalise ngesandla baze bayithumele ngeposi, i-imeyile okanye ngefeksi kwi-ofisi yoLawulo loLwazi lweRhafu. Indlela inde kakhulu kunendlela yedijithali.
| Indlela yo ku sebenza | Ixesha eliQhelekileyo lokuLungiselela | amaNqaku |
| Kwi-intanethi nge-Customs Portal (ukungena kwi-ELSTER) | Ngokwesiqhelo kungekapheli iveki enye | Eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo; ifuna isatifikethi se-ELSTER |
| Isicelo seposi okanye se-imeyile (esisekelwe kwifomu) | Phantse iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu | Akukho satifikethi sedijithali esifunekayo |
| Ukufaka isicelo ngearhente yerhafu okanye umntu othumela impahla | Iyahluka ngomboneleli | Iluncedo xa kufuneka inkxaso yoxwebhu okanye yoguqulelo |
ICandelo liza kujonga ungeniso lwakho kwaye uza kufumana inombolo yakho ye-EORI ngeposi. Idatha iya kuthunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwisiseko sedatha se-EORI seKhomishini yaseYurophu apho unokujonga inombolo kwi-intanethi nangaliphi na ixesha.
Amaxwebhu uya kuwafuna ngokuqhelekileyo
Amaxwebhu achanekileyo afunekayo aya kuxhomekeka ekubeni ubhalisa njengomntu ozimeleyo, umrhwebi ozimeleyo okanye inkampani enomda, kodwa uninzi lwezicelo lucela ulwazi olufanayo olusisiseko.
| Uxwebhu / Iinkcukacha | Injongo |
| Inombolo yeVAT yaseJamani (Umsatzsteuer-ID) | Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa inxalenye yesazisi somsebenzisi kwinombolo ye-EORI |
| Isicatshulwa sobhaliso lweshishini (Handelsregisterauszug) | Iqinisekisa ukuba inkampani ikhona ngokusemthethweni |
| Idilesi yenkampani kunye zoqhagamshelwano iinkcukacha | Ibhaliswe njengedatha ephambili yomqhubi |
| Ukuchongwa kommeli wezomthetho | Iqinisekisa ukuba ngubani ogunyazisiweyo ukuba enze egameni lenkampani |
| Inkcazo yomsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo wokungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle | Inceda amasiko ukuba ahlele uhlobo lomqhubi wezoqoqosho |
Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Ezilibazisa Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Phakathi KweTshayina NeJamani
Eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo kukulinda de izinto zibe sele zisemanzini ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe inkqubo yesicelo se-EORI. Abangenisi badla ngokungacingi ngamaphepha erhafu de imithwalo yabo ihlale echwebeni ingenandawo yokuya, baze ke baqonde ukuba kukho umsantsa. Imithwalo yaselwandle esuka eTshayina ukuya eHamburg idla ngokuthatha iiveki ezininzi, ixesha elaneleyo ukugqiba ubhaliso.
Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo kukungaqiniseki malunga nokuba yeyiphi inombolo ye-EORI ekufuneka isetyenziswe kwisibhengezo. Kwimpahla ethunyelwayo ye-DDP, yinombolo yomthumeli waseTshayina. Kwimpahla ethunyelwayo ye-FOB okanye ye-EXW, yinombolo yomthengi waseJamani ekufanele ukuba ibhalwe emaphepheni. Ukuba awuyazi kakuhle loo nto, izibhengezo ziyaliwa kwaye zinokutsala ingqalelo engafunekiyo kumagosa erhafu.
Impazamo engacacanga kangako kukucinga ukuba inombolo ye-EORI evela kwelinye ilizwe le-EU iya kugubungela ngokuzenzekelayo iqumrhu elitsha leshishini. Inombolo ye-EORI yenkampani engumzali ayinakusetyenziswa kwakhona kwinkampani esanda kufakwa eJamani. Iqumrhu ngalinye elisemthethweni, nokuba likwiqela elifanayo leenkampani, kufuneka libhaliswe ngokwahlukeneyo.
Apho uMthumeli weZithuthi eFana khona neNkqubo
Awudingi mthengisi wempahla ukuze ufumane inombolo ye-EORI, olu lubhaliso oluthe ngqo kwi-customs yaseJamani. Umthengisi ufumana yonke into eyenzekayo kuloo nombolo: ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikhowudi ze-HS ezichanekileyo zibhengeziwe, ukuba irhafu kunye ne-VAT zibalwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuba ityala lomthwalo kunye ne-invoyisi yorhwebo zihambelana noko kulindelwe yi-customs, kwaye ukuba ukuthunyelwa akumi echwebeni ngenxa yeenkcukacha ezingahambelaniyo kwenye indawo kwiphepha.
Kulapho iTopway Shipping ingena khona. “Yasekwa ngo-2010, iTopway Shipping eseShenzhen yinkampani enikezela ngeenkonzo zorhwebo lwe-e-commerce enqumla imida enamava amaninzi ekuthumeleni impahla evela kwiifektri zaseTshayina ukuya kwiimarike eziya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuquka iJamani kunye ne-EU ngokubanzi. Iqela labasunguli linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 adibeneyo ekuthumeleni impahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla. Nangona inkampani yafumana udumo lwayo lokuqala kwiindlela zaseTshayina nase-US, imodeli yayo yenkonzo - ukuthutha iilori zomqala, ukuthutha imithwalo elwandle, ukugcina impahla phesheya , ukususwa kwempahla kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla okuya eYurophu - kusebenza ngokufanayo kwimpahla eya eYurophu.
I-Topway Shipping ibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle olunezikhongozeli ezigcweleyo kunye nolungaphantsi kwesikhongozeli kwiinkampani ezithumela impahla zivela eTshayina ukuya eJamani, ivumela abathumeli abancinci ukuba badibanise iimpahla zabo nabanye abathumeli endaweni yokuhlawulela izikhongozeli ezipheleleyo abangazidingiyo. Zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu ayahlangabezana noko kufunwa ngamasiko aseJamani ngaphambi kokuba isikhongozeli siphume kwizibuko laseTshayina, oku kuthetha umahluko phakathi kokuthunyelwa kwempahla okuphuma ngosuku olunye kunye nokwakuhleli kulindile ifomu ehlaziyiweyo.
Ngenombolo ye-EORI ekhutshwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nomntu othumela impahla oqondayo inkqubo yokungenisa impahla yaseJamani, uninzi lwengqikelelo luthathwa kwimpahla ethunyelwa okokuqala kwaye kubathumeli abaphindayo, ukususwa kwempahla kuba linyathelo eliqhelekileyo endaweni yokuba ngumthombo oqhubekayo wokulibaziseka.
isiphelo
Inombolo ye-EORI liphepha elincinci elinokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwindlela ofumana ngayo iimpahla zakho ukusuka kumzi-mveliso eTshayina ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla (okanye evenkileni) eJamani. Ayihlawulelwa, isicelo esikwi-intanethi sihlala sicutshungulwa kwiveki enye ngeGerman Customs Portal kwaye imvume ekhutshiweyo isebenza kwi-EU yonke. Umngcipheko wokwenyani asikokubhalisa ngokwako, kodwa lixesha. Ukuyishiya ide imithwalo sele isendleleni okanye ukunamathisela inombolo yomntu ongafanelekanga kwisibhengezo zezona mpazamo zimbini ziqhelekileyo eziguqula ukuthunyelwa kwempahla rhoqo kube kukulibaziseka okubizayo. Dibanisa inombolo ye-EORI ebhaliswe ngokuchanekileyo neqabane lezothutho elisele liyiqonda imithetho yezerhafu yaseJamani, efana neTopway Shipping, kwaye uhambo oluvela kumthengisi waseTshayina ukuya kumthengi waseJamani luba noqikelelo olucacileyo ngakumbi.
FAQs
Q: Ngaba ndifuna inombolo ye-EORI ukuba ndithumela iipasela ezimbalwa ezincinci ngonyaka ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eJamani?
A: Ewe, ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kungokwezorhwebo, akukho mda wexabiso. Umahluko oqinisekileyo kuphela ngabantu abazimeleyo abenza izibhengezo zerhafu ezingaphantsi kweshumi ngonyaka kwimisebenzi engeyoyorhwebo.
Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana inombolo ye-EORI eJamani?
A: Izicelo ezifakwe kwi-intanethi ngeCustoms Citizen kunye neBusiness Customer Portal zihlala ziphathwa malunga neveki, kodwa izicelo zephepha ezifakwe ngeposi okanye nge-imeyile zinokuthatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.
Q: Ingaba kukho imali efunekayo yokufaka isicelo senombolo ye-EORI yaseJamani?
A: Hayi, ukubhalisa kwi-customs yaseJamani kusimahla. Ezinye iinkampani zangaphandle ziya kukuhlawulisa ukukunceda ngamaphepha. Urhulumente akakuhlawulisi mali yokukhupha inombolo.
Q: Ndingayisebenzisa inombolo yam ye-EORI kwamanye amazwe e-EU ngaphandle kweJamani?
A: Ndingayisebenzisa inombolo ye-EORI ekhutshwe eJamani ukucoca iimpahla ngokusebenzisa amazibuko eNetherlands okanye eBelgium? A: Ewe, inombolo ye-EORI ekhutshwe naphi na kwi-EU isebenza kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu, ngoko ke inombolo ekhutshwe eJamani ingasetyenziswa xa kususwa iimpahla ngokusebenzisa amazibuko eNetherlands, eBelgium okanye naphi na kwenye indawo kwibloko.
Q: Ngubani inombolo ye-EORI eya kwingxelo yerhafu yokuthunyelwa kwempahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eJamani?
A: Oko kuxhomekeke kwimigaqo yokuthunyelwa. Kwimpahla ethunyelwa nge-DDP, umthengisi waseTshayina uhlala engumthumeli wempahla obhalisiweyo kwaye ufuna inombolo. Kwimigaqo ye-FOB okanye ye-EXW, ngokuqhelekileyo inombolo yomthengi waseJamani ekwisibhengezo.