Inqanawa esuka eTshayina isiya eTurkey: IsiKhokelo esiGqibeleleyo, esingenaStress

 

 

intshayelelo

Ukungenisa impahla esuka eTshayina ukuya eTurkey sisenzo esibalulekileyo kodwa esinzima. Ngobuchule bokwenza i-China kunye nesikhundla sobuchule saseTurkey esidibanisa i-Asia neYurophu, ukubanakho ukufunwa kunye nolungiselelo likhulu. Kodwa esi sithembiso siza nemiceli mngeni: ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yothutho, ukuhambahamba kwamasiko kunye nemisebenzi, ukukhetha amazibuko achanekileyo, ukuthunyelwa kwexesha, kunye nokulungelelanisa amaqela amaninzi. Eli nqaku linika isikhokelo esibanzi, esithe ngqo esikuhambayo kuzo zonke inyathelo-ukuze ukwazi ukuthumela ukusuka eChina ukuya eTurkey ngokuzithemba kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci.

Kutheni ukuhambisa ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eTurkey kubalulekile

Ubudlelwane borhwebo phakathi kweTshayina neTurkey buye bakhula ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko iinkampani zaseTurkey zomthombo wamacandelo, iimpahla ezigqityiweyo, kunye nezinto ezikrwada ezivela eTshayina. Ukuthumela ngenqanawa ngokufanelekileyo ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eTurkey kunika iingenelo ezininzi: ufikelelo olungabizi kakhulu kwimveliso, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zezothutho (ulwandle, umoya, isiporo), kunye nokhetho lokusebenzela zombini iTurkey yasekhaya kunye neemarike ezibanzi zaseYurophu.

Kodwa iingenelo ziza kunye ne-caveats. Ixesha lezothutho lihluka ngokubanzi ngemowudi, iindleko ziyakwazi ukuguquguquka, kunye nokukhutshwa kwezithethe eTurkey kufuna amaxwebhu achanekileyo kunye nokuhlelwa. Ngolungiselelo olufanelekileyo kunye neqabane, le miba iyalawuleka. Ngaphandle kwayo, ukulibaziseka, iindleko ezongezelelweyo kunye neentloko zingavela. Ukwazi iinketho, ukuqonda inkqubo, kunye nokusebenza nomboneleli othembekileyo wolungiselelo ngundoqo.

Iindlela eziphambili zokuthumela ukusuka eChina ukuya eTurkey

Xa uceba ukuthumela iimpahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eTurkey, uneendlela ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo. Nganye ineenzuzo kunye nokurhweba kwiindleko, isantya, ukuthembeka, kunye nokufaneleka kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo. Apha ngezantsi kucazululwe iindlela eziqhelekileyo.

uhambo lwaselwandle

Uthutho lwaselwandle yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo xa kuthunyelwa imithamo emikhulu okanye iimpahla ezinzima ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eTurkey. Inika elona xabiso liphantsi ngeyunithi nganye yothutho oluninzi, nangona amaxesha ohambo emade. Umzekelo, eminye imithombo ibonisa iintsuku ezingama-25-40 zexesha lokuhamba kunye nomthwalo ogcweleyo wesikhongozeli (i-FCL) ukusuka e-China ukuya e-Turkey malunga ne-USD 1,500-2,200 ye-20-foot containers kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Ngaphakathi komthwalo wolwandle uya kukhetha phakathi kwe-FCL (umthwalo wesikhongozeli esigcweleyo) kunye ne-LCL (ngaphantsi-kunomthwalo wesikhongozeli) ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo wakho kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. I-LCL ithetha ukwabelana ngendawo nabanye abahambisi ngenqanawa, ezinokubiza ngaphezulu kwiyunithi nganye kwaye ithathe ixesha elide ngenxa yokudibanisa, kodwa iyavakala kwimithamo emincinci.

Uloyiko lomoya

Xa isantya sibalulekile-uthi unexabiso eliphezulu, iimpahla ezithatha ixesha-impahla yomoya esuka e-China ukuya eTurkey yindlela yokuhamba. Amaxesha okuthutha ukusuka e-China ukuya eTurkey ngomoya ahlala iintsuku ezi-3-8 (umnyango ngendlu unokubandakanya ukuthabatha, amasiko, ukuhanjiswa). Iindleko ziphezulu kakhulu kunolwandle, zihlala zicatshulwa njenge-USD 4-8 ngekhilogram (okanye ngaphezulu kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zempahla, umthamo, i-airline, umzila). Uthutho lomoya lulungele ukuzaliswa ngokungxamisekileyo, iisampulu, izinto ze-e-commerce, ukuthunyelwa okulula, okanye iimpahla ezifuna amanqanaba aphezulu enkonzo.

Umthwalo kaloliwe

Uthutho lukaloliwe okanye oluneendlela ezininzi oludlula “kwipaseji ephakathi” luvela njengokhetho olusebenzayo phakathi kweTshayina neTurkey, lubonelela ngolungelelwano phakathi kolwandle nomoya ngokweendleko kunye nexesha lokuhamba. Eminye imithombo ibonisa amaxesha ohambo malunga neentsuku ezili-18-25 ngomzila kaloliwe empuma ukuya entshona. Nangona ungekho xabiso liphantsi njengolwandle, kwimithwalo ethile yemithwalo okanye xa indawo yolwandle inxinzekile, umzila kaloliwe unokuba yindlela enomtsalane.

Express / Courier / DDP

Kwiipasile ezincinci kakhulu, ukuthunyelwa kwe-e-commerce, iisampuli eziphuthumayo, i-courier ye-express (umzekelo, i-DHL, i-FedEx) okanye i-DDP (i-Delivery Duty Paid) inkonzo inokufaneleka. Ezi nkonzo zibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kokuphela ukuya ekupheleni, rhoqo kubandakanya imisebenzi yempahla kunye neerhafu ezihlawulwa kwangaphambili. Zezona ziluncedo kodwa zezona zibiza kakhulu kwiyunithi nganye.

Iindleko kunye nothelekiso lwexesha lokuhamba

Nantsi itheyibhile eshwankathela iindleko eziqhelekileyo kunye noluhlu lwexesha lokuhamba lweendlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eTurkey. (Qaphela: olu luqikelelo kuphela, iikowuti zokwenyani ziyohluka ngokwemvelaphi yaseTshayina, indawo ekuyiwa kuyo eTurkey, ubungakanani/ubunzima bomthwalo, ixesha lonyaka, ixabiso lepetroli kunye nokufumaneka komthuthi.)

ifashoni	Ixesha lokuHamba eliQhelekileyo	Uqikelelo lweNdleko oluQhelekileyo	Eyona ilungiselelwe
UThutho loLwandle – FCL	~Iintsuku ezingama-25-40	Malunga ne-USD 1,500-2,200 ye-20' isikhongozeli (kutsha nje)	Ukuthunyelwa ngobuninzi, xa ixesha lingangxamisekanga
UThutho loLwandle - LCL	~Iintsuku ezingama-25-40	Malunga ne-USD 50-80 ngeCBM nganye (esekwe kumthamo)	Imithwalo emincinci, indawo yesitya ekwabelwana ngaso
Imithwalo kaloliwe	~Iintsuku ezingama-18-25	Malunga ne-USD 150-250 ngeCBM nganye (iyahluka)	Umthwalo ophakathi, ukunyamezela ixesha eliphakathi
Uloyiko lomoya	~Iintsuku ezingama-3-8	Malunga USD 4-8 ngekg (okanye ngaphezulu)	Ixabiso eliphezulu, ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza

Xa ucwangcisa ukuthunyelwa kwakho, kuya kufuneka wenze isigqibo ngokusekelwe kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho, ukuba zingxamiseke kangakanani iimpahla, ungakanani umthamo / ubunzima obuthumelayo, kunye nenqanaba lenkonzo okanye umngcipheko okhululekile kuwo.

Inkqubo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo: Indlela yokuthutha ukusuka eChina ukuya eTurkey

Nalu ucazululo olusebenzayo lwenyathelo ngalinye lento ekufuneka uyenzile ukususa iimpahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eTurkey ngokutyibilikayo-ukusuka kwisicwangciso sokuqala ukuya kuhambiso.

Inyathelo 1: Ukukhetha umthengisi kunye nokulungela imveliso

Qala ngokuqinisekisa umthengisi wakho waseTshayina kunye namaxesha okuvelisa. Qinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zakho zilungele ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, zipakishwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye unenkcazelo echanekileyo yemveliso, ulwahlulo lwekhowudi ye-HS, kunye nawo nawaphi na amaxwebhu afunekayo athunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukucaca kwangaphambili kunceda ukuphepha ukulibaziseka kamva.

Inyathelo 2: Khetha indlela yokuthumela kunye nendlela

Ngokusekwe kumthamo wakho, ukungxamiseka, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, khetha ulwandle, umoya, isiporo okanye ukuvakalisa. Qwalasela izibuko lemvelaphi eTshayina (umzekelo, iShanghai, iShenzhen, iNingbo) kunye nezibuko okanye isikhululo seenqwelomoya eTurkey (umzekelo, Istanbul/Ambarlı, Mersin, İzmir) kunye neemfuno zokuhanjiswa kwelizwe. Ezinye iindlela zisebenza ngakumbi ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Bhukha imithwalo nendawo

Wakuba ukhethe imowudi, cela iikowuti, indawo ekhuselekileyo yothutho kunye nomthuthi okanye umthuthi wempahla, kwaye uqinisekise umhla wokuthatha, iimfuno zezibuko / zesiphelo, uhlobo lwesikhongozeli (solwandle / isiporo) okanye ubunzima / umthamo (womoya). Indawo inokuba ngumqobo ngamaxesha onyaka aphezulu, ngoko ke ukubhukisha kwangaphambili kuyanceda.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukupakishwa, iilebhile, kunye noxwebhu

Qinisekisa ukupakishwa ngendlela eyiyo (eyilungeleyo indlela yothutho nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo), iilebhile ezichanekileyo, kunye namaxwebhu ayimfuneko. Amaxwebhu aphambili abandakanya ngokuqhelekileyo: i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-bill of lading okanye i-airwaybill, isatifikethi semvelaphi (ukuba kuyimfuneko), iikhowudi ze-HS. ETurkey imvume yesithethe iya kufuna amaxwebhu achanekileyo.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Imvume yokuthumela ngaphandle eTshayina

Umthumeli wakho wempahla okanye iqabane lothutho liya kujongana nokukhutshwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle e-China: ukufaka isibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuqinisekisa imisebenzi/iimvume zokuthumela ngaphandle (ukuba kuyafuneka) kunye nokunikezela ngempahla kumthuthi. Qinisekisa ukuba ukupakishwa kwakho kunye nezibhengezo zihambelana namaxwebhu.

Inyathelo 6: Ukuhamba kunye nokulandela umkhondo

Ngexesha lokuthunyelwa uya kufuna ukubonakala kwexesha lokwenyani lomthwalo wakho. Elwandle okanye kaloliwe oku kunokubandakanya amanani eekhonteyina, okuqikelelwayo kokufika ekuhanjisweni, kunye nokukhutshwa eTurkey. Ngomoya uya kuqwalasela iinkcukacha zenqwelomoya, ukufika kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseTurkey, kunye nokuhanjiswa okuqhubekekayo. Ulibaziseko lunokwenzeka kwiindawo zothutho, ngoko ke ukulandelela okukhawulezileyo kunciphisa izinto ezothusayo.

Inyathelo lesi-7: Ukufika kunye nokungeniswa kwemvume yamasiko eTurkey

Xa iimpahla zifika eTurkey kufuneka zicocwe ngamasiko aseTurkey. Oku kubandakanya ukubhengezwa kwempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle, ukuhlawulwa kwemirhumo kunye ne-VAT (ukuba ikhona), kunye nokusingatha naluphi na uhlolo okanye uxwebhu olongezelelweyo. Ukuhlelwa kwekhowudi ye-HS kuqhuba izinga lomsebenzi. I-VAT (KDV) eTurkey iqhelekile kwi-18-20% kunye nemirhumo kwixabiso lempahla kunye neendleko zomthwalo.

Inyathelo lesi-8: Uthutho lwangaphakathi kunye nokuhanjiswa kokugqibela

Nje ukuba ucociso lwempahla olungenayo lugqityiwe ulungiselela izithuthi zangaphakathi (ilori, isiporo) ukusuka kwisikhululo saseTurkey/kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya ukuya kwindawo yakho yokugcina okanye kwindawo yomthengi. Ukuhanjiswa emnyango kunokubandakanya ukugcinwa kwezinto, ukukhulula izinto, uthutho lwasekhaya kunye nolungiselelo lwemayile yokugqibela eTurkey.

Inyathelo 9: Amanyathelo emva kokufika

Emva kokuhanjiswa kufuneka uqinisekise iimpahla, uhlole umonakalo, ulungelelanise ukuthunyelwa kunye ne-invoyisi yakho kunye ne-bill of lading / airwaybill, kwaye uphathe nawaphi na amabango okanye ukungafani. Olu vavanyo lokugqibela lunceda ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa.

Zeziphi iindlela kunye namazibuko asetyenziswa kakhulu?

Ukukhetha imvelaphi eyiyo kunye neendawo zokusingwa okanye izikhululo zeenqwelo moya kunokuphucula ixabiso kunye nesantya. Nazi ezinye iindlela ezidumileyo phakathi kweTshayina neTurkey.

• Ukusuka eTshayina: iindawo ezinkulu zokuvelisa zaseTshayina njengeShenzhen, iGuangzhou (emazantsi), iShanghai, iNingbo, iQingdao (empuma).
• Ukuya eTurkey: izibuko eziphambili zolwandle ziquka i-Ambarlı (Istanbul), iMersin (kumazantsi eTurkey), İzmir (ummandla osentshona we-Aegean) Izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ziquka iSikhululo seenqwelomoya sase-Istanbul (IST), iSabiha Gökçen (SAW).
• Uloliwe/I-Multi-Modal: Ezinye iinqanawa zisebenzisa iindlela ezidlula eKazakhstan kunye noLwandle lweCaspian ukuya eTurkey (Middle Corridor) enokonga ixesha xa kuthelekiswa nolwandle.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo ihlala ixhomekeke kwindawo umthengisi wakho akhoyo. Umzekelo, ukuba umboneleli wakho ukufuphi ne-Shenzhen (emazantsi e-China), ukuthumela ngenqanawa ngezibuko elisemazantsi e-China ukuya e-Istanbul kunokusebenza kakhulu. Ukuba uhambisa ngempahla kwintshona yeTurkey, ukukhetha i-İzmir njengezibuko lendawo yokuya kunokunciphisa iindleko zolori.

Indlela yokwandisa iindleko kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko

Nazi iingcebiso ezinokusetyenzwa zokunciphisa iindleko zokuthumela kunye nomngcipheko xa ungenisa usuka eTshayina usiya eTurkey:

• Hlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla apho kunokwenzeka: Ukuba unee-odolo ezincinci ezininzi, dibanisa kwisikhongozeli esinye okanye uthutho oluninzi ukunciphisa iindleko zothutho ngeyunithi nganye.
• Khetha imowudi eyiyo: Ukuba awukho phantsi koxinzelelo lwexesha eligqithileyo, uthutho lwaselwandle ngobuninzi lukholisa ukubiza kakhulu. Umoya okanye ubonakalise kuphela xa kufanelekile.
• Cwangcisa kwangaphambili: Bhukisha indawo kwangethuba, uphephe ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngomzuzu wokugqibela okanye iintlawulo zexesha elongezelelweyo.
• Qinisekisa iikhowudi kunye nemisebenzi ye-HS kwangethuba: Ukuhlelwa ngendlela engeyiyo kunokukhokelela kwiindleko ezingalindelekanga okanye ukugcinwa kwamasiko.
• Sebenza nomthumeli wempahla onamava: Banokunceda ukukhangela amaxwebhu, imimiselo yokuthumela ngaphandle / ukuthumela ngaphandle, ukucebisa malunga nokukhethwa kwendlela kunye nokusingatha imiba engalindelekanga.
• Qinisekisa ukupakishwa okufanelekileyo: Ukupakisha okufanelekileyo kunciphisa umngcipheko womonakalo kuhambo, okunokukhokelela kumabango, ukulibaziseka, kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo.
• Jonga izinto ezithintelweyo okanye ezithintelweyo: ITurkey inolawulo lwempahla ethile, ke qinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwangaphambili.
• Sebenzisa ukulandelela kunye nokulandelela: Beka iliso kwimilinganiselo yokuthunyelwa ukuze ubone ukulibaziseka okanye imiba kwangaphambili.
• Vavanya ixabiso lilonke lokufika komhlaba: Bandakanya izithuthi, imisebenzi, iRhafu, ukuhanjiswa kwelizwe—hayi nje imithwalo—xa kuhlolwa ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Imiba eqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokusingatha

Ukungeniswa ngaphandle kweTshayina ukuya eTurkey kunokukuvezela kwimigibe eqhelekileyo. Ukwazi kwangaphambili kukunceda ukubanciphisa.

• Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso: Amaxabiso othutho (ingakumbi elwandle nomoya) angaguquguquka ngenxa yeendleko zepetroli, umthamo womthwali, amaxesha onyaka okanye ukuphazamiseka kwehlabathi. Soloko ucela iikowuti ezibukhoma.
• Ukungahambi kakuhle kwamaxwebhu: Ii-invoyisi zorhwebo ezingafanelekanga, uluhlu lokupakisha, iikhowudi ze-HS okanye izatifikethi ezingekhoyo zinokubangela ukulibaziseka kwezithethe.
• Izinto ezothusayo kuMrhumo weRhafu: Ukuba awuhlelanga kakuhle okanye uyasilela ekuphenduleni imiSebenzi eyoNgezelelweyo yeRhafu (i-ACD) okanye imisebenzi enxamnye nokulahlwa (ingakumbi kwizinto eziyimvelaphi yaseTshayina), unokujongana nemisebenzi ephezulu kunokulindelekileyo.
• Ulibaziseko lokuhamba: Ingakumbi ngexesha lothutho okanye kwiindlela ezinde (ulwandle oludlula eSuez/Red Sea). Qwalasela ezinye iindlela ukuba indlela yolwandle ixinene.
• Iindleko zangaphakathi ezingalindelekanga: Nje ukuba iimpahla zifike eTurkey, iilori, ukugcinwa, ukuchithwa (iindleko zokubamba izibuko) okanye iindleko zokuthumela iimpahla zinokudibanisa.
• Umonakalo okanye ilahleko: Ukuhamba ixesha elide kuthetha ukuvezwa - qinisekisa i-inshurensi eyaneleyo kunye nokupakishwa okufanelekileyo.
• Imali okanye umngcipheko wentlawulo: Xa usebenza ngenqanawa yamazwe ngamazwe, qinisekisa ukuba uyayiqonda imiqathango yentlawulo, umngcipheko wemali, kunye ne-incoterms.
• Ukuthembeka komthengisi: Umgangatho wempahla evela eChina kufuneka uhambelane nokulindela; iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa yinxalenye enye kuphela yenxaki.

Kutheni ukhetha iqabane elizinikeleyo lokuthumela

Ukunikezelwa kobunzima bezothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukusebenza kunye nomthumeli oqondayo zombini imvelaphi (i-China) kunye nendawo (iTurkey) iimarike kunokugcina ixesha, imali kunye noxinzelelo. Bajongana namaxwebhu, ukulungiswa kwendlela, ubudlelwane nabathuthi, ukukhutshwa kwempahla, ukugcinwa kwempahla kunye nokuhanjiswa okokugqibela.

Kulapho umboneleli okhethekileyo ofana ne-Toway Shipping ingena khona. Ukususela kwi-2010, ikomkhulu e-Shenzhen, e-China, i-Toway Shipping ibe ngumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce ze-intanethi. Iqela labo labasekayo lineminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 yamava kuthutho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokukhutshwa kwezithethe, kugxilwe kakhulu kuthutho lwase-China-US. Iinkonzo zabo zithatha lonke ikhonkco lolungiselelo, kubandakanywa nokuthuthwa komlenze wokuqala, indawo yokugcina impahla phesheya kolwandle, ukukhutshwa kwempahla, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweemayile zokugqibela. Bakwanikezela ngeenkonzo eziguquguqukayo ezigcwele-isikhongozeli (i-FCL) kunye nezingaphantsi kwe-container-load (LCL) ukusuka e-China ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngolo hlobo lwamava, unokuphucula ubuchule babo xa uthumela inqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eTurkey, uqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso olulula, ukubonakala okucacileyo, kunye nolawulo olungcono lomngcipheko.

isiphelo

Ukuthumela iimpahla ukusuka e-China ukuya eTurkey kufezekiswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye kunokubiza kakhulu-kodwa kufuna ukucwangciswa kakuhle, indlela efanelekileyo, amaxwebhu achanekileyo, kunye neqabane elinobuchule lokubonelela. Khetha imowudi yakho yokuthumela ngokusekwe kwizinto eziphambili (iindleko vs isantya), khetha indlela yakho ngononophelo, lungisa amaxwebhu akho kunye nokupakishwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ubeke iliso ekuthunyelweni ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela eTurkey. Ngokwenza oku, unokunciphisa izinto ezimangalisayo kwaye unikezele ngokuthembekileyo. Ukusebenzisana nomboneleli onamava ofana ne-Toway Shipping kwandisa ngakumbi amathuba akho okuphumelela: ukusuka ekuthatheni umlenze wokuqala e-China, ngokucocwa kwesithethe, ulwandle okanye ukuhamba ngomoya, ukuya ekuhanjisweni kokugqibela eTurkey. Ngendlela eyiyo, into enokubonakala inzima iba yinkqubo egudileyo nelawulekayo.

FAQs

Q: Yeyiphi eyona ndlela iphantsi yokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa ukusuka eChina ukuya eTurkey?
A: Ngokubanzi, imithwalo elwandle yesikhongozeli esipheleleyo (i-FCL) ukusuka e-China ukuya eTurkey yeyona xabiso liphantsi xa umthamo umkhulu kwaye ixesha lingabalulekanga. Ukuthunyelwa kweenqanawa ezincinci, i-LCL yothutho elwandle inokuba neendleko ezifanelekileyo. Uthutho lomoya kunye ne-express zibiza kakhulu kwiyunithi nganye.

Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthumela ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eTurkey?
A: Kuxhomekeke kwimodi: imithwalo yolwandle ~ 25-40 iintsuku eziqhelekileyo; imithwalo kaloliwe ~ 18-25 iintsuku; imithwalo yomoya ~ 3-8 iintsuku. Amaxesha okwenene axhomekeke kwimvelaphi yezibuko, kwindlela, ekuthuthweni ngenqanawa, ekucolweni kwempahla kunye nothutho lwangaphakathi.

Umbuzo: Ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze kuhlawulwe amasiko eTurkey?
A: Amaxwebhu angundoqo abandakanya: i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-bill of lading (ulwandle) okanye i-airwaybill (umoya), isatifikethi semvelaphi (ukuba siyafuneka), ukuhlelwa kwekhowudi ye-HS, isibhengezo sokungeniswa, kunye naziphi na iilayisenisi ezikhethekileyo ukuba iimpahla zilawulwa.

Umbuzo: Yeyiphi imisebenzi okanye i-VAT esebenzayo xa ungeniswa eTurkey usuka eTshayina?
A: Imisebenzi yeCustoms iyahluka ngekhowudi yeHS. Ezinye iimpahla ezisuka e-China zisenokuba phantsi koMrhumo oNgezelelweyo weRhafu (ACD) okanye amanyathelo achasene nokulahla. I-VAT (KDV) eTurkey iqhelekile kwi-18-20% kwixabiso lempahla yempahla kunye nemisebenzi kunye nomthwalo.

Umbuzo: Ngaba ndingathumela iimpahla ezinobungozi okanye iibhetri ze-lithium ukusuka eChina ukuya eTurkey?
A: Ewe, kodwa iimpahla ezinobungozi ezifana neebhetri ze-lithium zifuna ukupakishwa okukhethekileyo, uxwebhu kunye nokuphathwa. Umthwalo womoya uya kuba nemida engqongqo; Uthutho lolwandle lunokuvumela ukuguquguquka okungakumbi kodwa kusafuna ukuthotyelwa kwekhowudi ye-IMDG okanye efanayo.

Umbuzo: Ndikhetha njani elona zibuko lihle eTurkey ukuze lihanjiswe?
A: Khetha ngokusekelwe kwindawo yakho yokugqibela yokuhanjiswa eTurkey. Amazibuko aphambili aquka i-Ambarlı (Istanbul) yasentshona/embindini weTurkey, iMersin yemimandla esemazantsi/embindi, İzmir yengingqi yeAegean. Ukuthelekisa izibuko lakho nokuhanjiswa kwelizwe kunciphisa iindleko zelori kunye nexesha lokuhamba.

Umbuzo: Ngaba ndimele ndithathele ingqalelo imithwalo kaloliwe phakathi kweTshayina neTurkey?
IMPENDULO: Ewe—uthutho lukaloliwe lunika ibhalansi yeendleko kunye nesantya, luncedo ekuthuthweni komlinganiselo ophakathi xa uhambo lolwandle lucotha kakhulu namaxabiso omoya aphezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho, indlela kunye nokudibanisa kunokuba nzima, ngoko uya kufuna umdluliseli onamava kule paseji.

Q: Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba izinga lomthwalo linyuka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ndibhukishe?
A: Ukuguquguquka kwemarike kulungiselelo lolungiselelo kuthetha ukuba amaxabiso anokutshintsha ngenxa yeendleko zamafutha, umthamo, amaxesha onyaka okanye ukuphazamiseka. Olona khuseleko lungcono kukukhusela iikowuti ezibophelelayo, khetha abathumeli abathenjiweyo, kwaye ube nezicwangciso zengozi.

Q: Kutheni ndiza kukhetha umthumeli we-e-commerce-incutshe phambili kunomntu ophetheyo jikelele?
A: I-e-commerce-specialist forwarder isoloko inikezela ngeenkonzo ezifana nokugcinwa kwempahla phesheya, ukuhanjiswa kwe-mile-mile yokugqibela, ukuzaliseka, kunye nokukhutshwa kwezithethe ezidibeneyo-ibaluleke kakhulu xa uneepasile ezincinci okanye ukuthunyelwa ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi eTurkey.

Umbuzo: Ndikuphepha njani ukulibaziseka kwezithethe okanye amaxwebhu eTurkey?
A: Qinisekisa ukuba amaphepha achanekile kwaye aphelele, iikhowudi ze-HS zichanekile, imisebenzi kunye neerhafu zibalwe kwangaphambili, kwaye unikeze umthumeli wakho ngolwazi oluyimfuneko kwangaphambili (i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, isatifikethi semvelaphi, njl.). Ukusebenzisa umthumeli wempahla oqhelene nezithethe zaseTurkey kunceda kakhulu.