Inqanawa esuka eTshayina isiya eGrisi: IsiKhokelo esiGqibeleleyo, esingenaStress

 

intshayelelo

Ukuthumela iimpahla ukusuka e-China ukuya eGrisi kunokuziva ngathi ukuhamba nge-labyrinth. Kuya kufuneka uqwalasele iindlela zokuthumela, amaxesha okuhamba, imithwalo yesikhongozeli, amasiko, imisebenzi, amazibuko kunye nokuhanjiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokucwangciswa okufanelekileyo kunye neqabane, inkqubo iyalawuleka-mhlawumbi ilula. Kwesi sikhokelo, uya kufumana yonke into oyifunayo: ukusuka ekukhetheni ulwandle vs uloyiko lomoya, ukuqonda i-full-container (FCL) vs ngaphantsi kwe-container-load (LCL), ukuphatha ukukhutshwa kwempahla eGrisi kunye nokukhetha indlela efanelekileyo. Nokuba ungumntu ongenisa impahla ngaphandle okokuqala ngqa okanye ungumphathi wezothutho osele enamava owandisa eYurophu, esi sikhokelo siya kukunceda wenze uthutho olungenamagingxigingxi olusuka eTshayina ukuya eGrisi-lungenaxinzelelo.

UMfanekiso Omkhulu: Kutheni iTshayina → iGrisi?

I-China ihlala iyindlu yamandla evelisa amandla kwihlabathi, ibonelela ngezixhobo zombane ezinexabiso eliphantsi, iimpahla zombane, iimpahla zasekhaya, oomatshini nokunye. IGrisi, emi kumda osemazantsi-mpuma weYurophu enamazibuko amakhulu njengePort of Piraeus, isebenza njengendawo yokusingwa kunye nesango lokungena kwiimarike ze-EU. Ngokucwangciswa kwezinto ngononophelo, ukungenisa impahla evela eTshayina ukuya eGrisi kuvula ithuba lokhuphiswano. Kodwa i-leverage iza noxanduva: iindlela zokuqonda, amaxesha okukhokela, imisebenzi kunye nemimiselo ngundoqo.

Makhe sijonge indlela yokucwangcisa kunye nokuphumeza ukuthunyelwa okunjalo.

Inyathelo 1: Khetha iMowudi yokuThumela eLungileyo

Indlela yokuthumela oyikhethayo ubukhulu becala imisela ixabiso, isantya kunye nobunzima. Ngokubanzi, unayo: imithwalo yolwandle (I-FCL / LCL), imithwalo yomoya, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-intermodal (isitimela + iloli) okanye iipasile zokubonisa.

ifashoni	Ixesha lokuHamba eliQhelekileyo*	Ixabiso leNqanaba	Eyona ilungiselelwe
Ulwandle uLwandle	~25 - 40 iintsuku	low	Umthamo omkhulu, ukuhanjiswa okungangxamisekanga
Uloyiko lomoya	~3 - 7 iintsuku	phezulu	Izinto zexabiso eliphezulu, ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza
Intermodal/Rail	~15 - 30 iintsuku	Ephakathi-ePhakamileyo	Imiqulu ephakathi, ithatha ixesha kodwa iyaliqonda ixabiso

* Amaxesha okuhamba ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eGrisi ayahluka ngokusekwe kwizibuko, indlela, ukuphindaphinda kwendlela, amasiko, ixesha lonyaka. Ngokomzekelo, i-avareji yokuthutha elwandle i-25-40 iintsuku. Impahla yomoya 3-7 iintsuku.

UThutho loLwandle: FCL vs LCL

Xa kuthunyelwa ngolwandle, amagama amabini abalulekileyo okugqiba isigqibo: Umthwalo ogcweleyo we-Container (FCL) kunye ne-Less-Than Container Load (LCL).

• FCL (Umthwalo ogcweleyo wesikhongozeli) — ubhukisha yonke 20′ okanye 40′ (okanye 40′ HQ) isikhongozeli. Eyona nto ingcono xa unomthamo owaneleyo wokugcwalisa okanye uphantse ugcwalise isikhongozeli. Ukhuseleko ngakumbi kunye nokuphatha okulula njengoko iimpahla zakho ziyedwa kwisikhongozeli.
• I-LCL (Ngaphantsi-Kunomthwalo Wesikhongozeli) — wabelana ngesikhongozeli nabanye abathumeli bangaphandle. Uhlawula kuphela umthamo owusebenzisayo. Ilungele ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa okuncinci kodwa inokubandakanya ukudityaniswa okungaphezulu, ukudityaniswa, ukuphathwa kunye nohambo olude kancinane.

Ukhetha nini

• Sebenzisa i-FCL ukuba unempahla enkulu (umzekelo, iodolo yokwenziwa kwempahla) kwaye ufuna iindawo zokucofa ezimbalwa, ulungiselelo olulula kwaye mhlawumbi nexabiso leyunithi nganye.
• Sebenzisa i-LCL ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuncinci (umzekelo, ukuqhutywa kovavanyo, ukuqaliswa kwemveliso entsha) kwaye ufuna ukugcina ixabiso liphantsi, ukwamkela ukuphathwa okongeziweyo kunye nokulibaziseka okunokwenzeka.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Qonda amaxesha angundoqo oHambo, amaxabiso kunye neendlela

Kuyanceda ukuba namanani e-ballpark ukuze ukwazi ukucwangcisa imihla yokuhanjiswa, ixesha lokukhokela kwi-inventory, kunye nokulindela iindleko.

Amaxesha oThutho

Ukusuka eChina ukuya eGrisi:

• Uthutho lolwandle: ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku ezingama-25-40, kuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yezibuko kunye nendawo oya kuyo.
• Uthutho lomoya: Iintsuku ezi-3-7 kwindlu ngendlu kwiimeko ezininzi.
• Iindlela: umz., eShenzhen → Athene okanye ePiraeus ngendlela yolwandle lweMeditera.

Uqikelelo lweendleko

Ngelixa amaxabiso okwenene eguquguquka ngokubanzi, nantsi imilinganiselo engalunganga:

• Kwi-container ye-20 evela e-China ukuya eGrisi: kuqikelelwa i-US $ 1,100 - US $ 1,500 (kuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi) yomthwalo osisiseko.
• Kwisikhongozeli se-40′: iindleko ezipheleleyo (umthwalo + izibuko + ukuphatha) zinokufika nge-US$1,700 – US$3,550 kolunye uqikelelo.
• Kwi-LCL: iindleko ngamanye amaxesha zijikeleze US$215 cubic meter nganye kwiindlela ezithile.

Iindlela ezinkulu kunye namazibuko

EGrisi, amazibuko aphambili yiPort of Piraeus, Thessaloniki, njl. Amazibuko amakhulu aseTshayina aquka iShanghai, iShenzhen, iNingbo, iGuangzhou. Indlela isenokuba kulwandle oluthe ngqo okanye ngeehabhu zothumelo. Inethiwekhi yomthumeli wempahla iya kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Inkqubo yokuThumela-Inyathelo ngeNyathelo

Nalu ulandelelwano oluqhelekileyo ukusuka ekubekeni iodolo yakho kumthengisi waseTshayina ukuya kuhambiso lokugqibela eGrisi.

1. Qinisekisa iodolo yakho, ubungakanani, ukupakishwa, ii-Incoterms (umz., FOB, CIF, DDP). Qinisekisa ukuba umthengisi wakho ubonelela nge-invoyisi yorhwebo echanekileyo kunye noluhlu lokupakisha.
2. Khetha imodi yokuthumela: ulwandle (FCL / LCL) okanye umoya okanye udibene.
3. E-China: i-pickup evela kwi-factory, ukuhlanganiswa (ukuba kuyimfuneko), izithuthi zangaphakathi ukuya kwi-port / kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya, ukukhutshwa kwempahla yokuthumela ngaphandle.
4. Uthutho lwamazwe ngamazwe: Isikhongozeli esilayishwe enqanaweni (elwandle) okanye sihanjiswe ngomoya.
5. Ukufika eGrisi: i-container ifika kwi-port, ukukhulula, imvume yokungenisa izithethe, ukuhlawulwa kwemisebenzi / i-VAT (ukuba ikhona).
6. Ukuhanjiswa kwelizwe: ukuthutha ngeelori ukusuka kwizibuko ukuya kwindawo yakho yokugcina / yokuhambisa eGrisi ukuba kuyimfuneko.
7. Uhlolo lokugqibela / ukufumana: khangela iimpahla, uluhlu, kwaye ugqibezele ulawulo lwakho lomgangatho.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Amasiko aPhambili, iMisebenzi, iRhafu-ntengo kunye nokuThobela eGrisi

Ukungenisa eGrisi kuthetha ukujongana namasiko, imisebenzi, imigaqo yeManyano yaseYurophu kunye neVAT yamaGrike. Ukuthobela ngokufanelekileyo kuthintela ukulibaziseka kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo.

Imirhumo kunye neVAT

• IGrisi lilungu le-EU; iimpahla ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ziya kuba phantsi kwemithetho yamasiko e-EU.
• I-VAT eGrisi kwiimpahla ezininzi yi-24%.
• Qinisekisa ukuba iikhowudi zeHS kunye nezibhengezo zexabiso zichanekile; ukungahlelwa kakuhle kunokukhokelela kwisohlwayo okanye ukulibaziseka.
• Ukuba usebenzisa umthumeli wempahla kwaye ukhethe i-DDP (i-Delivered Duty Paid), unako ukuba umthumeli aphathe yonke imisebenzi kunye ne-VAT ukuze ufumane ukuthunyelwa emnyango ngaphandle kweendleko ezingalindelekanga.

Ukuthotyelwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla evela eTshayina

• Umniki-mpahla kufuneka achaze iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uya kufuna amaxwebhu achanekileyo okuthumela ngaphandle (i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uludwe lokupakisha, ifomu yokuthumela ngaphandle).
• Umthumeli wakho wempahla kufuneka ajonge naziphi na izithintelo (umzekelo, izinto ezinobungozi okanye ezisetyenziswa kabini) kwaye aqinisekise ukuba onke amaxwebhu agqityiwe phambi kokuba alayishwe.

Ingcebiso kwicala lokungeniswa kwesiGrike

• Bandakanya umrhwebi onamava ngokungeniswa kwesiGrike ukuze aphathe imvume.
• Landela umkhondo wokufika kwaye unike isaziso sokufika esichanekileyo ukunqanda ukuthotywa okanye imirhumo eyongezelelweyo yezibuko.
• Cwangcisa iilori zangaphakathi kunye ukugcina eGreece ngaphambi kokufika ukuze ungangeni mrhumo wokugcina.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokusebenza kunye neFreight Forwarder

Umthuthi olungileyo uya kwenza i-China yakho → Ukuhanjiswa kweGreece kube lula. Nantsi into omawuyijonge, kunye nendlela yokusebenza nayo:

Yintoni ekufuneka uyijongile

• Amava ngendlela yaseTshayina ukuya eGreece, kubandakanya ulwandle kunye nolungiselelo lomoya.
• Iinkonzo ezigubungela lonke ikhonkco: i-pickup e-China, imvume yokuthumela ngaphandle, ulwandle / uthutho lomoya, imvume yokungenisa eGrisi, ukuhanjiswa kwelizwe.
• Unxibelelwano olucacileyo, amandla okulandelela, ukuphendula kunye nokungafihli.
• Amaxabiso akhuphisanayo, kodwa kunye nokuthembeka kunye nenethiwekhi eyomeleleyo yabathwali kunye neearhente zendawo.

Indlela yokusebenzisana

• Nika iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zokuthumela: ubunzima, umthamo, imilinganiselo, idilesi yemvelaphi, idilesi yendawo eGrisi.
• Khetha i-Incoterm efanelekileyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uyaqonda ukuba ngubani ophethe inxalenye yekhonkco (ukuthumela ngaphandle, ukuthutha, ukungenisa).
• Fumana ucazululo olucacileyo lwekowuti: iindleko zothutho, iintlawulo zepetroli, imirhumo yokuphatha, ukukhutshwa kwempahla, intlawulo yezibuko, izithuthi zangaphakathi.
• Vumelanani malunga nolindelo lwexesha lokuhamba, kwenzeka ntoni kwiimeko zokulibaziseka, i-inshurensi yomonakalo / ilahleko.
• Hlala ukhuthele: beka iliso ekuthunyelweni, cela uhlaziyo kwaye uqiniseke ukuba icala lendawo ekuyiwa kuyo lilungisiwe (umthengisi wamasiko, indawo yokugcina ilungile).

Inyathelo 6: Uluhlu olusebenzayo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwakho

Phambi kokuba ucinezele “inqanawa”, nalu uluhlu lokukhangela olusebenzayo lokugudisa inkqubo:

• Qinisekisa ukuba isingxobo somboneleli wakho sikulungele ukuthumela ngaphandle kwaye sihambelana neemfuno zakho
• Qinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu athunyelwa ngaphandle asuka eTshayina alungisiwe
• Khetha kwaye utshixe kwindlela yakho yokuthumela (ulwandle / umoya)
• Ukuba ulwandle: qinisekisa uhlobo lwesikhongozeli kunye nobukhulu (20′, 40′, HQ) nokuba uya kusebenzisa iFCL okanye LCL
• Qinisekisa ukuba umthumeli wempahla uye wathatha e-China elungiselelwe
• Jonga ixesha lokuhamba eliqikelelweyo ukuya eGrisi kwaye ucwangcisele iintsuku ze-buffer
• Cwangcisa kwangaphambili umthengisi wempahla eGrisi kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umsebenzi/ukuphathwa kweVAT kucacile
• Cwangcisa uthutho lwangaphakathi ukusuka kwizibuko lokufika ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla eGrisi
• Cwangcisa ukujonga umgangatho ekufikeni, ukuphatha umonakalo okanye ukuhanjiswa okufutshane
• Gcina umkhondo wokuthunyelwa ngezixhobo zokulandelela; lungela izibuko/izaziso zokucoca

Inyathelo lesi-7: Iingcebiso zoGcino-ndleko kunye neMigibe eqhelekileyo

Iingcebiso zoGcina iindleko

• Hlanganisa iimpahla ukuba ukuhanjiswa okuncinci: sebenzisa i-LCL ukuze uhlawule kuphela into oyifunayo.
• Khetha izibuko lokusuka e-China kunye nokuhamba ngeenqanawa ezininzi ukuya eGrisi okanye kwiMeditera ukunciphisa ixesha lokulinda.
• Kuphephe ukuxinana ngexesha lonyaka (ngaphambi kweholide njl.njl
• Sebenzisa umthumeli othembekileyo ohamba ngeenqanawa ezininzi ukuya eGrisi - banokuthethathethana ngamaxabiso angcono.
• Sebenzisa ii-Incoterms ezichanekileyo: ngamanye amaxesha i-FOB ikunika ulawulo phezu kwempahla, ngamanye amaxesha i-CIF/DDP yenza lula icala lokungenisa.
• Yandisa ukupakishwa kunye nevolumu: khulisa ukusetyenziswa kwesikhongozeli, unciphise indawo echithiweyo kwaye unqande ubunzima obungasebenziyo.

Imigibe eqhelekileyo ekufuneka uyiphetshwe

• Uqikelelo olungaphantsi kwamaxesha okuhamba phakathi eTshayina okanye eGrisi: oku kulibazisa ukuhanjiswa.
• Amaxwebhu angekhoyo okanye angachanekanga abangela ukuba kubanjwe izithethe.
• Ukungaphenduli kwi-VAT yamaGrike kunye nemisebenzi - kukhokelela kwiindleko ezimangalisayo.
• Ukukhetha umthumeli onexabiso eliphantsi w/o namava kwindlela: umngcipheko ophezulu wokulibaziseka, ukuphatha kakubi, ukulandelela okulahlekileyo.
• Ukungayihoyi i-inshorensi: umonakalo wempahla okanye ubusela obusendleleni bunokuxabisa ngaphezulu lee kunentlawulo ye-inshorensi.
• Ukusilela ukulungelelaniswa nendawo yokugcina impahla/ ilori esecaleni: iimpahla zinokuhlala kwizibuko kwaye zibenemirhumo yokugcina.

INyathelo 8: Umzekelo wothelekiso – Ulwandle vs Air for China → Greece

Nalu uthelekiso olwenziwe lula lokukhetha imithwalo yaselwandle vs imithwalo yomoya ngokuthunyelwa ngentelekelelo:

ye parameter	Ulwandle uLwandle	Uloyiko lomoya
Ixesha lokuhamba	iintsuku 25-40	iintsuku 3-7
Iindleko eziqhelekileyo (ngekhilogram nganye okanye isiseko sesikhongozeli)	Phantsi kumthamo omkhulu	Iphezulu ngekg
Eyona ilungiselelwe	Ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezininzi, ixabiso eliphantsi	Ungxamiseko, ixabiso eliphezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci
Ukunyaniseka	Amanyathelo angakumbi (isikhongozeli, izibuko, ucoceko)	Amanyathelo ambalwa, indlela elula
Umngcipheko wokulibaziseka	Phakathi-Phakamileyo (iinqanawa ziyalinda, ukuxinana)	Umngcipheko ophantsi wohambo, kodwa amasiko asasebenza
Ukuphatha kunye nokulayisha	Ukuphathwa komgqomo	Ukuphathwa kwetheminali yempahla yomoya
Ukuntsokotha kwezithethe	Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokungenisa elizweni	Ngokufanayo, nangona uhambo olukhawulezayo

Ukuba unomthamo omkhulu kwaye ixesha alibalulekanga, ukuthutha elwandle lukhetho olusebenzayo. Ukuba iodolo engxamisekileyo kufuneka ifike ngokukhawuleza kwaye iindleko zingaphantsi kwenkxalabo, inqwelomoya iyaphumelela.

INyathelo 9: Kutheni iGrisi iyindawo enomtsalane yokuya eTshayina

Indawo yobuchule yaseGrisi kwiMpuma yeMeditera ivumela ufikelelo olusebenzayo kuMazantsi eYurophu nakwiiBalkans. Izibuko lasePiraeus, umzekelo, lisango elikhulu leekhonteyina. Uqhagamshelo kunye nobulungu kwi-EU kwenza iGrisi ibe liziko elisebenzayo lokungenisa iimpahla ezithathwe eTshayina. Ngesicwangciso esisebenzayo solungiselelo, iGrisi ibonelela ngokufikelela kunye nokuguquguquka kokusasazwa kweYurophu.

Inyathelo 10: Ukusebenza kunye neToway Shipping

Ukususela kwi-2010, i-Toway Shipping, ekomkhulu e-Shenzhen, e-China, ibe ngumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce ze-intanethi. Iqela lethu labasunguli lineminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 yamava kuthutho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokukhutshwa kwezithethe, ligxile kakhulu kuthutho lwase-China ukuya e-US. Iinkonzo zethu zibandakanya lonke ikhonkco lolungiselelo, kubandakanywa uthutho lomlenze wokuqala, ukugcinwa kwempahla phesheya kolwandle, ukukhutshwa kwempahla, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweemayile zokugqibela. Sikwabonelela ngeenkonzo eziguquguqukayo ezigcwele isiqulathi-zikhongozeli (i-FCL) kunye neenkonzo zothutho zolwandle ezingaphantsi kuneziqulatho (LCL) ukusuka e-China ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele.

Xa ukhetha i-Toway Shipping ye-China yakho → ukuthunyelwa kweGrisi, uyaxhamla:

• Iqela elinamava elinolwazi lokuthumela ngaphandle kweTshayina kunye nolwazi lokungenisa kumazwe aseYurophu.
• Inkxaso yolungiselelo oluphelayo ukuya esiphelweni: ukusuka kumthengisi waseTshayina ukuya kuhambiso eGrisi.
• Iinketho ze-FCL kunye ne-LCL zothutho lolwandle ukuze zilungele umthamo wakho, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nethayimthebhile.
• Ubuchwephesha bokucocwa kweCustoms ukuphepha ukulibaziseka kunye neendleko ezothusayo.
• Unxibelelwano oluselubala kunye nenethiwekhi yeqabane ukulawula ukuthunyelwa kwakho ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukusebenza nomthumeli onje nge-Toway Shipping kunceda ukwenza ukuba "akukho-stress" kwesi sikhokelo kube yinyani, kuba ikhonkco lolungiselelo liphathwa ziingcali onokuzithemba.

isiphelo

Ukungenisa iimpahla ezivela eChina ukuya eGrisi kunokuba yintshukumo yeshishini elinamandla-kodwa ifuna ukucwangciswa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Kuya kufuneka uqonde iindlela zokuthumela (ulwandle vs umoya), khetha umthwalo ofanelekileyo wesikhongozeli (i-FCL vs LCL), ulandelele amaxesha okuhamba kunye neendleko, kwaye ujonge amasiko aseGrisi kunye neenkqubo ze-VAT. Ukusebenza nomthumeli othembekileyo kuyenza lula inkqubo kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo kunye noluhlu lokukhangela kwesi sikhokelo, unokunciphisa ukulibaziseka okumangalisayo, ukulawula iindleko kunye nokuzisa iimpahla zakho eGrisi ngokutyibilikayo. Ngomlingane ofanelekileyo wezothutho-ezifana nokuThunyelwa kwe-Toway-ungajika into ebikhe yabonakala inzima ibe yinto elungelelanisiweyo, enokuxelwa kwangaphambili.

FAQs

Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthutha elwandle ukusuka eChina ukuya eGrisi?
A: Ngokubanzi malunga neentsuku ezingama-25-40, kuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yezibuko, umzila kunye nokulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa.

Q: Zeziphi iindleko eziqhelekileyo zothutho lwesikhongozeli ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eGrisi?
A: Umlinganiselo orhabaxa we-20′ container ujikeleze US$1,100-1,500, kunye ne-40′ container US$1,700-3,550 kuquka neentlawulo ezahlukeneyo (kuxhomekeke kwindlela/ixesha).

Q: Uthini umahluko phakathi kweFCL kunye neLCL?
A: I-FCL ithetha ukuba ubhukisha isikhongozeli siphela. I-LCL ithetha ukuba wabelana ngesithuba sesikhongozeli nabanye abahambisi kwaye uhlawule kuphela umthamo wakho osetyenzisiweyo.

Umbuzo: Yiyiphi imisebenzi yokungenisa elizweni okanye i-VAT endiya kuyihlawula eGrisi?
A: Iimpahla ezingeniswa eGreece (njengenxalenye ye-EU) ziya kungena kwiirhafu (kuxhomekeke kwikhowudi ye-HS) kunye ne-Greek VAT (ngokuqhelekileyo i-24%) ngaphandle kokuba unamalungiselelo akhethekileyo.

Umbuzo: Ngaba ndifanele ndithumele ngomoya endaweni yolwandle?
IMPENDULO: Ukuba iimpahla zakho zingxamisekile, zinexabiso eliphezulu okanye umthamo ophantsi, uthutho ngenqwelomoya lukhetho olulungileyo nangona ixabiso eliphezulu. Kwiimpahla ezininzi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwexesha elincinci, ukuthutha elwandle kuneendleko eziphezulu.

Umbuzo: Ndikhetha njani umthuthi olungileyo we-China → Greece?
A: Khangela abahambisi abanamava omzila ofanelekileyo, iinkonzo ezipheleleyo zekhonkco (ukulanda, ukukhutshwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthuthwa, ukungenisa elizweni, ukuhanjiswa kwelizwe), unxibelelwano oluselubala, amaxabiso okukhuphisana kunye nee-arhente zasekhaya e-China naseGrisi.

Umbuzo: Ngaba kukho naziphi na iindleko ezifihlakeleyo ekufuneka uzilumkele?
A: Ewe. Imirhumo yokuphatha izibuko, iilori zangaphakathi elizweni, iimali zokukhutshwa kwempahla, ukuchithwa kogcino ukuba kulityazisiwe, ukupakishwa okanye ukudibanisa imirhumo kunye ne-LCL, kunye nemisebenzi/i-VAT kwicala lokungenisa elizweni zonke ziindleko ezifihlakeleyo ezinokwenzeka.