Indlela Abathumeli Bempahla BaseChile Abanokuhlangabezana Ngayo Nokunyuka KweeNdleko Ze-CNY Neentlawulo Ezingaphezulu Ngokufanelekileyo
intshayelelo
Kwabaninzi abangenisa impahla eChile, "ixabiso laseTshayina" alisekho nje ixabiso leempahla ezenziwe eTshayina. Ixabiso lokwenyani lokufika okwangoku lichaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi ezitshintsha ngokukhawuleza, ezifana nezinga lokutshintshiselana nge-CNY, iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zokuthumela ngaphandle kwesilumkiso, ukufumaneka kweekhonteyina, ukuxinana kweenqanawa, kunye nokutshintsha kwamanyathelo okuthwala. Nokuba imfuno eChile ihlala ifana, ityala lokugqibela linokunyuka kuphela ngenxa yokuba i-yuan iqina okanye ngenxa yokuba abathwali bongeza umrhumo omtsha wexesha eliphakamileyo kwindlela oyisebenzise iminyaka.
Oku kubalulekile kuba inkqubo yokungenisa impahla yaseChile idla ngokuba namaxesha amaninzi okufumana imali kunye neekhalenda zokuthengisa ezithintelweyo. Utshintsho oluncinci kwixabiso lemali lunokukhokelela ekuxinanisweni kwemali, ukukhushulwa okuphosiweyo, okanye ukungalingani kwempahla. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa isiphumo se-FX senzeka ngaxeshanye neendleko ezingalindelekanga zothutho ezifana nohlengahlengiso lwe-GRI, iindleko zokungalingani kwezixhobo, kunye nokuphathwa kwezinto ezingalindelekanga. Akupheleli nje ekubeni nokukwazi ukuqikelela ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni; kufuneka wakhe inkqubo enokusingatha izinto ezingalindelekanga.
Esi sincoko sithetha ngeendlela zokwenyani neziluncedo ezinokwenziwa ngabathumeli bempahla baseChile ukuzikhusela ekunyukeni kwe-CNY nokwenza kube lula ukujongana neentlawulo ezongezelelweyo ngokwenza izigqibo ezimbalwa zomzuzu wokugqibela kunye nokulawula ngakumbi iindleko zomhlaba.
Kutheni iintshukumo ze-CNY zibetha abathumeli bempahla baseChile nzima kunokuba bebelindele
Inkohliso yamaxabiso: “Umthengisi wam ucaphula nge-USD, ngoko ke ndikhuselekile”
Uninzi lwabangenisi baseChile bacinga ukuba ukuhlawula ababoneleli nge-USD kuya kubakhusela kumngcipheko we-CNY. Enyanisweni, uninzi lweendleko zomthengisi waseTshayina zikwi-CNY, ezinje ngabasebenzi, iinkonzo, iilori zasekhaya, ukupakisha, kunye nerhafu. Xa i-CNY iqina, ababoneleli bahlala benyusa amabhidi abo e-USD ngokuhamba kwexesha, behlisa izaphulelo zabo, okanye bongeze iindleko ezingaphezulu ezifana nokupakisha, ukujonga umgangatho, okanye iifizi "zoxwebhu". Nokuba i-invoyisi ikwi-USD, amandla e-CNY anokuchaphazela iindleko zakho ngokuxoxisana kunye nokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kwemigaqo yeshishini.
Umngcipheko nawo awulingani. Ayingabo bonke ababoneleli abadlulisela imali ngokuzenzekelayo xa i-CNY yehla. Kodwa xa i-CNY iqina, ababoneleli badla ngokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinemida emincinci.
Umgangatho we-FX waseChile: iindleko zomhlaba zihlala ziyingxaki yemali eninzi
Abathumeli bempahla baseChile badla ngokuphatha imali yabo nge-CLP, kodwa bahlawula ababoneleli babo kunye neendleko zokuthumela nge-USD. Uqoqosho lwababoneleli babo luqhagamshelwe kwi-CNY. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho ukuvezwa kwe-multilayer:
- Amandla e-CNY anokubeka uxinzelelo kubaboneleli, nto leyo enokunyusa ixabiso leempahla ezixabisa i-USD.
- Impahla kunye neentlawulo zihlala zisekelwe kwidola yaseMelika kwaye zinokunyuka zodwa.
- Utshintsho lwe-USD/CLP longeza inqanaba lesithathu lomngcipheko kwixabiso lakho lokugqibela lokuthengisa okanye ukuhamba kwemali, okusekelwe kwi-CLP.
- Nangona inyathelo ngalinye lisenokubonakala “lincinci” ngokwalo, isiphumo siphela sinokuba sikhulu.
Ukungalingani kwexesha: I-FX ihamba ngokukhawuleza kunemijikelo yokuthenga
Izigqibo malunga nokuthenga izinto zihlala zingena kwixabiso kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba zifike. Kodwa i-FX inokutshintsha kakhulu kwiintsuku ezimbalwa nje. Ukuba usekela amaxabiso akho okuthengisa, intengiso, okanye iikhontrakthi zokuthengisa ngobuninzi kwingcinga malunga neendleko zomhlaba, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumaxabiso omthengisi ngenxa ye-CNY kunye nokunyuka kweentlawulo zezothutho kunokususa inzuzo yakho ngaphambi kokuba izinto ziphume echwebeni.
Ukuqonda Indawo Yokuhlawuliswa Okungaphezulu Kwimpahla Yolwandle Nomoya
Kutheni kukho iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo kwaye kutheni zivakalelwa kukuba azinakuqikelelwa
Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zenzelwe ukunceda iinkampani zezithuthi kunye nezothutho zigubungele iindleko ezongezelelweyo okanye zijongane nomthamo olinganiselweyo. Umngeni kubathumeli bezithuthi ezahlukeneyo, iindlela zorhwebo, kunye namaxesha onyaka zinokuba namagama nemithetho eyahlukeneyo yeentlawulo ezongezelelweyo. Ezinye iindleko ezongezelelweyo ngokucacileyo zinxulunyaniswa neziganeko, ezifana nokuxinana kwezithuthi. Ezinye zazo zisebenza njengezithinteli zamaxabiso, zitshintsha xa imfuno itshintsha.
Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zempahla eya eChile nazo zingatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela. Iipateni zokuhanjiswa kwempahla zinokubandakanya ukuphathwa okungakumbi kwiiterminal, ingozi yokuqengqeleka, kunye notshintsho kwishedyuli, nto leyo abathwali "abayixabisayo" ngee-add-ons.
Iindidi zentlawulo eyongezelelweyo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela ukungeniswa kwempahla eChile
Uluhlu oluchanekileyo luyatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kumphathi wenkampani kunye nesivumelwano, kodwa iindlela zeendleko zihlala zingena kwiindidi ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo.
| Udidi lwentlawulo eyongezelelweyo | Isiqalisi esiqhelekileyo | Indlela ebonakala ngayo kwii-invoyisi | Yintoni omawuyibukele |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intlawulo yeXesha Eliphakamileyo (PSS) | Iimfuno zexesha lonyaka | Yongezwa ngesikhongozeli ngasinye okanye nge-CBM/toni nganye | Imihla yokuqala neyokuphela, utshintsho oluhambelana nomzila |
| Ukunyuswa kweRhafu ngokubanzi (GRI) | Ukuseta kwakhona amaxabiso enkampani | Isantya sokunyusa okanye into eyahlukileyo yomgca | Ingaba oku kuyasebenza na kwiirhafu ezivunyelweneyo |
| Intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yokuxinana | Ukulibaziseka kwezibuko/isiphelo sendlela | Ngesikhongozeli ngasinye okanye ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye | Yeyiphi izibuko ekubhekiselwe kulo (imvelaphi vs ukudluliselwa vs indawo ekuyiwa kuyo) |
| Ukungalingani kwezixhobo / ukunqongophala kweekhonteyina | Iindleko zokutshintsha indawo yebhokisi | Yongezwe ngesikhongozeli ngasinye | Idla ngokungalindelekanga kwaye ihambelana ngqo nomgca |
| Iindleko zendlu okanye ezinxulumene nepetroli | Utshintsho lwamaxabiso epetroli | I-BAF, i-FSC, okanye efanayo | Indlela yokusebenza ecacileyo kunye nokuphindaphinda kophononongo |
| Amaxwebhu / iifizi zolawulo | processing | Umrhumo omiselweyo ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye | Ukuphindaphindwa phakathi kweentlawulo zomthumeli kunye nezomthwali |
| Iintlawulo zokuphatha indawo yokufikela | Iinkonzo zesiphelo sendlela kunye nezengingqi | I-THC, iifizi zeodolo yokuhanjiswa, njl. | Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Incoterms kunye nokucaca "kobani ohlawula ntoni" |
Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo azisoloko “zimbi,” kodwa zinokuba buhlungu kakhulu xa zingacwangciswanga kwaye zingagutyungelwanga ziikhontrakthi.
Ingqondo Enexabiso Elifikelelekayo: Yakha Ulawulo Ngaphambi Kokuba Uludinge
Phatha iindleko zomhlaba njengenkqubo elawulwayo, kungekhona ukubalwa okwenzeka emva kokuba kwenzekile
Xa iindleko zinyuka, amashishini amaninzi ayakhawuleza ukwenza utshintsho kwiindlela zawo okanye aqalise iingxoxo ezingxamisekileyo. Ezi zinto zinokunceda, kodwa isisombululo esingcono sexesha elide kukudala ulwakhiwo lweendleko ezifikelelweyo oluqwalasela utshintsho lwamaxabiso, isicwangciso sempahla, kunye nobudlelwane nabathengisi.
Enye indlela elungileyo yokuqala kukugcina umkhondo weendleko zokufika ngendlela ecacisa ukuba yintoni onokuthetha ngayo kunye nento onokuyikhusela okanye ukuyikhusela.
| Icandelo leendleko | Umqhubi wokuguquguquka | Eyona nto ingcono yokulawula | Umnini wesigqibo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ixabiso lemveliso yangaphambili yomsebenzi | Amandla e-CNY, iindleko zomthengisi | Imigaqo yomthengisi, ukufunyanwa kabini, iziqendu zohlengahlengiso lwamaxabiso | Ukuthenga |
| Iindleko zaseTshayina ezingaphakathi | Utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yamafutha asekhaya | Izivumelwano zenkonzo zasekhaya ezizinzileyo | Ukuthengwa / uLawulo |
| Isiseko seempahla zolwandle | Umthamo, ixesha lonyaka | Isicwangciso sekhontrakthi, ukwabiwa, ukuhlanganiswa | Logistics |
| Ukongezwa | Ukuxinana, amaxabiso enkampani | Ukucaca kwesivumelwano, imida, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba | Uthutho-mali/EzeMali |
| inshorensi | Ixabiso lempahla kunye nomngcipheko | Uyilo lokugubungela | ezezimali |
| Imisebenzi kunye neerhafu | Ulawulo kunye nokuhlelwa | Ukuchaneka kwekhowudi ye-HS, ucwangciso lokuthobela imithetho | ukuthobela |
| Ukuphatha indawo | Imigaqo-nkqubo yesiphelo sendlela/yendawo | Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Incoterms, ukucaca kwe-forwarder | Logistics |
Ungakhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo xa unokuthi ubize umqhubi. Indlela yokujongana nokuchaphazeleka yi-CNY ayifani nendlela yokujongana nokuchaphazeleka yi-port bottleneck.
Yenza "indleko yokukhonza" ibonakale ngokwe-SKU category
Akufanele uphathe zonke iimveliso ngendlela efanayo. Iimpahla ezinamaxabiso aphezulu, ezinamaxabiso aphantsi zinokujongana nokunyuka kweendleko zokuthumela ngcono kuneempahla ezinamaxabiso aphantsi, ezinkulu. Ungazigxila imizamo yakho yokukhusela apho ibaluleke khona ngokuhlela ii-SKU ngokwe-margin density (margin nge cubic meter) endaweni yokuzisasaza ngokulinganayo.
Oku kukuxelela nokuba utshintshe nini ukusuka kwi-LCL ukuya kwi-FCL, nini utye kancinci, kwaye nini utye iimpahla ngaphambi kwexesha.
Amaqhinga eeKhontrakthi kunye nezoRhwebo zokunciphisa i-CNY Pass-Through
Yazisa izakhiwo zamaxabiso ezibelana ngomngcipheko we-FX endaweni yokuwufihla
Ukuba umthengisi wakho akafuni ukulungisa amaxabiso e-USD ngelixa i-CNY inamandla, cinga ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo evulelekileyo nenzima ukukopela. Umzekelo, ungavumelana ngexabiso elisisiseko ngebhendi yohlengahlengiso echazwe ngokucacileyo esekelwe kwifestile ye-FX benchmark. Ingcinga ayikokwenza izinto zibe nzima ngaphandle kwesizathu, kodwa kukuyeka ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo ngaphandle "koxinzelelo lwemali."
Ungachaza ixabiso lemveliso kunye neentlawulo zexabiso elongeziweyo ukuze ukuba i-CNY iba namandla, umthengisi angakwazi nje ukunyusa izongezo ngaphandle kokuthetha ngayo.
Sebenzisa imiqathango yokuhlawula ukulawula iifestile zokuvezwa
Uzivalela ngokukhawuleza iindleko zakho ukuba uhlawula iidiphozithi ixesha elide kwangaphambili. Oko kunokuba kuhle okanye kubi ngamanye amaxesha. Ukulungelelanisa iimali zokuhlawula kunye neemali zokuqhuba, njengokugqiba uhlolo, ukuqinisekisa ukubhukisha, okanye ukufumana isitya singene esangweni, yindlela elawulwayo yokwenza izinto.
Kubaboneleli abanamava, ukujonga imiqathango yokuhlawula ixesha elide kunokunceda ukunciphisa umthwalo wemali yokusebenza oza nokuguquguquka. Xa zombini iirhafu kunye ne-FX zinyuka ngaxeshanye, notshintsho oluncinci lunokunceda.
Cinga ngendlela yokusebenzisa imali exutyiweyo xa iphucula amandla okusebenzisa imali eninzi
Kwezinye iimeko, ukuhlawula inxalenye yebhili kwi-CNY kunokwenza amaxabiso acace ngakumbi kwaye kwehlise inkuthazo yomthengisi "yokukhawulezisa" iikowuteshini ze-USD. Oku akunakwenzeka rhoqo, kwaye i-treasury kufuneka ilungele, kodwa kubathumeli abakhulu, kunokuba kuhle ukuyijonga.
Ukuze ukhuseleke, kufuneka uyivavanye nomthengisi omnye kunye nosapho olunye lwemveliso, ulinganise umahluko, uze emva koko uthathe isigqibo sokuba ingaba ungandiswa na.
Ukhuseleko lwezeMali: Iindlela ezisebenzayo ezingadingi qela elikhulu lezemali
Zikhusele kumngcipheko wokuvezwa okukhoyo, kungekhona umngcipheko wokuvezwa okunqwenela ukuba ube nawo
Eyona nto imbi onokuyenza xa ukhusela i-FX kukukhusela isibini semali esingalunganga okanye ngexesha elingalunganga. Ukuvezwa kwakho okusebenzayo kukuxubana ukuba ii-invoyisi zakho zikwi-USD kodwa amaxabiso ahlawuliswa ngababoneleli bakho kwi-CNY. Ukuze ugcine ukuhamba kwemali yakho kuzinzile, unokufuna ukukhusela i-USD/CLP ngelixa ngaxeshanye udala iinkqubo zoshishino ezithintela iindleko ukuba zinganyuki ngenxa ye-CNY.
Ukhuseleko olunemigangatho emibini lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kubathumeli abaninzi baseChile:
- Sebenzisa izithintelo zebhajethi kunye namalungiselelo ekhontrakthi ukunciphisa i-CNY pass-through.
- Sebenzisa uthango lwe-USD/CLP (okanye uthango lwendalo) ukugcina ukuhamba kwemali kunye nezigqibo zamaxabiso zizinzile.
I-matrix elula yesigqibo sokuqina kothango
| Iprofayile yeshishini | Ipateni eqhelekileyo yokuvezwa | Indlela yokukhusela edla ngokufanelana |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okuncinci, okungekho mthethweni | Ukuthenga izinto ezifumanekayo, ukuqikelelwa okulinganiselweyo | Izithintelo zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, iingxoxo zabathengisi, kuphephe ukunqanda umngcipheko |
| Ukungenisa impahla okuphakathi, okuzinzileyo nyanga zonke | Ukuphindaphinda imijikelo yokuhlawula | Udonga olunezitena ezihambelana nee-odolo zokuthenga |
| Izivumelwano ezinkulu zokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe, zexesha elide | Umthamo ophezulu, uvakalelo oluphezulu | Ukhuseleko oluqhutywa yimigaqo-nkqubo, iibhendi zeemeko, ukulungelelaniswa kwakhona rhoqo |
Ukukhusela ayisiyiyo "yokoyisa imakethi." Imalunga nokususa iimeko ezimbi kakhulu ezinokulimaza umbutho wakho.
Ukucwangciswa kwemeko: guqula ukuguquguquka kube luluhlu olulawulekayo
Ungenza imodeli elula yemeko edibanisa utshintsho kumaxabiso emali kunye nokunyuka kweentlawulo ezongezelelweyo kwiindleko zokufika, nokuba awunazo izixhobo ezintle. Ungatshintsha le modeli ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho.
| Isimo | Utshintsho lweendleko zomthengisi (oluqhutywa yi-CNY) | Utshintsho kwisiseko semithwalo | Umothuko wentlawulo eyongezelelweyo | Impembelelo yeendleko ezifunyenweyo (umzekelo) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uzinzile | + 0% | + 0% | + 0% | Isiseko |
| Uxinzelelo oluphakathi | + 3% | + 5% | +150 USD/TEU | Ukucudiswa komda okubonakalayo |
| Uxinzelelo olunzima | + 6% | + 12% | +350 USD/TEU | Izicwangciso zonyuselo zisemngciphekweni |
| Iziphumo ezixubileyo | + 4% | -3% | +100 USD/TEU | Uxinzelelo lomthengisi kodwa uncedo lokuthutha impahla |
Izibalo aziyona nto ibalulekileyo. Into ebalulekileyo kukuvumelana kwiqela lakho ngento omawuyenze kumda ngamnye ukuze ungacingi ngeenyawo zakho.
Amaqhinga Othutho Lokunciphisa Umonakalo Wentlawulo Eyongeziweyo
Isivumelwano sokucacisa, kungekuphela nje ngexabiso eliphantsi lesihloko
Ukuba iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo azichazwanga ngokucacileyo okanye zihlala zidlula, ixabiso eliphantsi linokuba yinkohliso. Xa uthetha nabathumeli okanye abathwali bempahla, qiniseka ukuba ugxila kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Zeziphi iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezifakiweyo nezingekhoyo.
- Ukuba kukho imida okanye iindlela zokuhlaziya.
- Indlela amaxesha okunika isaziso asebenza ngayo kunye namaphepha owadingayo.
- Ukuba intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yi-container nganye, nge-bill of lading, okanye ngeyunithi nganye ehlawuliswayo.
Xa izivumelwano zingacacanga, kuqhelekile ukuba abantu baxambulisane ngemithetho endaweni yokusebenzela ukwenza uthotho lwezinto ezithengiswayo lusebenze ngcono.
Khetha indlela yokuthumela ngobuchule: i-FCL, i-LCL, kunye "nokuhlanganiswa kobungakanani obufanelekileyo"
Xa ivolumu ingacacanga, uninzi lwabangenisi baseChile bayayeka ukusebenzisa i-LCL. Oko kuyavakala, kodwa i-LCL ingenza ezinye iintlawulo zibe nkulu xa zisetyenziswa ngokwe-CBM nganye, kwaye inokongeza notshintsho oluninzi ekuphathweni nasekucwangcisweni kweshedyuli.
I-FCL inganciphisa iindleko zokuthunyelwa ngeyunithi nganye xa zininzi, kodwa inokunyusa umngcipheko ukuba imfuno ayicacanga. Ukuhlanganiswa okucwangcisiweyo kuphakathi: ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithwalo ye-LCL isebenza kakuhle kwaye iqikelelwa ngokudala amaxesha okuthunyelwa rhoqo.
Oku kusebenza kakuhle xa ukuthenga kunye nokuhambisa izinto kusetyenziswana ukuseta ixesha elicacileyo lokuba kufuneka kubekwe nini ii-odolo, endaweni yokuthenga izinto xa zifumaneka kwaye unethemba lokuba ukuthunyelwa kwazo kuhlala kufana.
Uyilo lwendlela: i-lever efihliweyo emva kokuguquguquka kwentlawulo eyongezelelweyo
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kuqhelekile kwiimpahla eziya eChile. Ukukhetha indawo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwingozi yokuxinana, ukuthembeka kweshedyuli, kunye neendleko kwicala lendawo ekuyiwa kuyo.
Xa i-CNY inyuka kwaye intlawulo eyongezelelweyo ifika ngaxeshanye, abathumeli bamazwe banokukhetha itshaneli engabizi kakhulu ngaphandle kokucinga ukuba inokuthenjwa kangakanani. Ukuba ukulibaziseka kubangela ukuphelelwa kwempahla, ukungabikho kweefestile zokuthengisa, okanye ukuthunyelwa ngenqwelo moya okungxamisekileyo, kunokubiza ngaphezulu kwexabiso eliphezulu lokuthutha impahla.
Uyilo lwendlela oluqinileyo ludla ngokuba nomgaqo oyintloko kunye nomgaqo omnye osebenzayo ubuncinane, kunye nolindelo olucacileyo lwenkonzo kunye nokuqonda ngokucacileyo indlela iindleko ezitshintsha ngayo xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle.
Ukupakishwa kunye nokwenza ngcono umthwalo: kuyadinisa, kodwa kunamandla
Xa iintlawulo ezingaphezulu zinyuka, ukusebenzisa ngcono iityhubhu kuba yindlela ethe ngqo yokwandisa iimargins. Ungasebenzisa izikhongozeli ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uthumele amaxesha ambalwa ngokwenza utshintsho oluncinci kubungakanani beebhokisi, iipateni ezikwiipalethi, okanye imigangatho yokupakisha. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimpahla ezinkulu zabathengi, iimpahla zasekhaya, kunye nee-SKU ezineemargins eziphantsi.
Nokuba ukonyuka okuncinci ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwetyhubhu kunokunceda ekunciphiseni inxalenye ye-overcharge wave, kwaye ungayigcina le nzuzo nangona imakethi ithomalalisa.
Lungelelanisa ii-Incoterms ngoLawulo: Kuphephe ukuhlawulela iSiphene
Umgibe we-Incoterms: "I-CIF yenza kube lula"
I-CIF ingabonakala ilula kuba umthengisi "uphatha ukuthunyelwa kwempahla," kodwa idla ngokwenza izinto zingacaci. Ukuba umboneleli uphatha ukuthunyelwa kwempahla, ungafumana amaxabiso apakishiweyo angakubonisi imithwalo esisiseko, iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo, kunye nerhafu yendawo oya kuyo. Oko kunokubangela iingxaki kunye neentlawulo ezongezelelweyo xa ufika apho.
Ukuba ufuna ukulawula ngakumbi iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo njengomthumeli wempahla kwamanye amazwe, kunokuba luncedo ukutshintshela kwimigaqo ekuvumela ukuba ulawule ngakumbi izinto ezifunekayo. Nangona kunjalo, inkampani yakho kufuneka ikulungele ukuthatha eso sibophelelo.
Yakha umthetho wolawulo lwe-Incoterms ngokohlobo lwemveliso
Endaweni yokuba neseti enye ye-Incoterms kuyo yonke into, cinga ngokuba namagama ahlukeneyo amaqela ahlukeneyo. Ulawulo olungakumbi lunokufuneka kwiimveliso ezixabisa kakhulu nezinomngcipheko wexesha. Ukuba kusekho ukuvuleleka, izinto ezinexabiso eliphantsi, ezinomngcipheko ophantsi zinokuba zilungile phantsi kwamagama alula.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukunciphisa ukungangqinelani okungenziwanga ngabom, apho amaqela akhetha i-Incoterms ngokusekelwe kumkhwa endaweni yengqiqo yesicwangciso.
Uqeqesho Lokusebenza: Imikhwa Eyenza Ukuguquguquka Kwezinto Kungabi Nhlungu Kakhulu
Nciphisa umjikelo wesicatshulwa-ukuya-encwadini
Xa ixabiso lempahla lilungile ixesha elifutshane kuphela, ukulibaziseka ekufumaneni imvume kunokwenza ukuba uqikelelo luphelelwe lixesha kwaye luthatyathelwe indawo lolona lubi, ingakumbi ngamaxesha axakekileyo. Indlela efinyeziweyo yokufumana imvume yangaphakathi inokuba luncedo ngokungalindelekanga.
Oku akuthethi ukuba akufanele wenze ulawulo. Oku kuquka ukuseta izikhokelo zokunyusa kunye neeparameters ezivunyiweyo kwangaphambili ukuze iqela likwazi ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa lulawulo.
Yenza incwadi yokudlala yentlawulo eyongezelelweyo
Incwadi yokudlala luluhlu lwezinto wonke umntu avumayo ukuzenza xa kuvela iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo. Umzekelo:
- Ukuba kupapashwe intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yexesha lonyaka eliphakamileyo, qiniseka ukuba uvala indawo kwaye udibanise ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba irhafu eyongezelelweyo yokuxinana inyuka kwindawo ethile yokudluliselwa kwezithuthi, tshintshela kwenye indlela esele ijongiwe.
- Ukuba ubona iindleko ezongezelelweyo zokungalingani kwezixhobo, tshintsha iifestile zokubhukisha okanye iintlobo zezixhobo apho unako khona.
- Incwadi yokudlala iyayithintela ixhala kwaye iyayithintela abantu ekwenzeni izigqibo ezimbi ezibiza imali eninzi.
Phucula ukuqinisekiswa kwe-invoyisi ngaphandle kokuyijika ibe yimfazwe
Ukuba awuyiphathi kakuhle imiba yentlawulo eyongezelelweyo, inokonakalisa ubudlelwane bakho. Ukubeka ulindelo olucacileyo kwangaphambili yindlela engcono yokufezekisa izinto. Umzekelo, ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo, indlela yokuphakamisa ingxabano, kunye nokuba kufuneka isonjululwe ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.
Ungagcina iindleko ziphantsi kwaye ugcine ubudlelwane obuqinileyo bezothutho ngokuphatha ukuqinisekiswa kwe-invoyisi njengento eqhelekileyo yokwenza ishishini endaweni yokumangalela.
Umzekelo Ongokoqobo Weendleko Zokufika: Ukubona Isiphumo Esidibeneyo
Nantsi umzekelo obonisa indlela iintshukumo ezithobekileyo ezinokwakhelana ngayo. Izibalo zenziwe lula ukubonisa indlela kunye nobukhulu, kungekhona ukubonisa amazinga omntu omnye othwala inqwelo-moya.
| umcimbi | Isiseko (i-USD) | Uxinzelelo oluphakathi (i-USD) | Guqula umqhubi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iindleko zemveliso | 50,000 | 51,500 | Uhlengahlengiso lomthengisi oluqhutywa yi-CNY |
| Iintlawulo zemvelaphi | 1,200 | 1,250 | Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso eenkonzo zasekuhlaleni |
| Isiseko seempahla zolwandle | 3,800 | 4,400 | Ukuqinisa umthamo |
| Ukongezwa | 600 | 1,050 | I-PSS + izongezo zokuxinana |
| inshorensi | 150 | 155 | Ukunyuka kwexabiso lempahla |
| Ukuphatha indawo | 900 | 980 | Ukwanda kwengingqi |
| Isimbuku (ngaphambi komrhumo/irhafu) | 56,650 | 59,335 | Impembelelo edibeneyo |
Loo delta ngumahluko phakathi kwekota elungileyo nembi kumashishini amaninzi. Ingxoxo kukuba ulawulo kufuneka lube ngaphezu kwento enye: ishishini, imali, kunye nemisebenzi.
Ukwakha Icebo Elizinzileyo Ngaphezulu Kweentsuku Ezingama-90
Iiveki 1-4: Misela ukubonakala kunye nesiseko
Qala ngokwenza imephu yendlela amaxabiso atshintshe ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Fumanisa ukuba ngabaphi abathengisi abanokuthi badlulise uxinzelelo lwe-CNY ngokukhawuleza kwaye zeziphi iindlela ezinokuthi zibe neentlawulo ezongezelelweyo ezingalindelekanga.
Kwangaxeshanye, qiniseka ukuba wonke umntu ubhala phantsi iindleko ezifunyenweyo ngendlela efanayo. Awuyi kukwazi ukuyibona ngokucacileyo le patheni ukuba amaqela asebenzisa iitemplate ezahlukeneyo.
Iiveki 5-8: Xoxani ngokucacisa kunye nezinye iindlela zoyilo
Sebenzisa idatha yakho esisiseko ukuze uphinde uhlaziye amacandelo ahlala ebuhlungu. Oku kunokuthetha amagama acacileyo eentlawulo ezongezelelweyo, ishedyuli yokudibanisa ukuthunyelwa, okanye utshintsho kwi-Incoterms kubaboneleli ababalulekileyo.
Yenza ubuncinane isicwangciso esinye sokuhambisa imithwalo uze usivavanye ngokuthunyelwa okuncinci ukuze ungazami ngexesha lengxaki.
Iiveki 9-12: Ukuvalelana kwinkqubo kunye nolawulo
Bhala phantsi incwadi yakho yokudlala, iindlela zokufumana imvume, kunye nemigangatho yokujonga ii-invoyisi. Qinisekisa ukuba ezezimali, ukuthenga, kunye ne-logistics zonke zihambelana ngendlela yokujongana nokuguquguquka ngokuqeqesha iqela.
Ukunyamezela kuthetha izinto ezingaphezu kwesinye. Xa izinto zitshintsha, yindlela oziphatha ngayo ehlala ikwenza uhlale uqinile.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kweenqanawa Eziphezulu Okunokunceda Ngayo Abathumeli Bempahla BaseChile Ukunciphisa Ukuguquguquka Kwezinto
Kulula ukujongana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-CNY kunye neentlawulo ezongezelelweyo xa usebenza neqabane lothutho elenza ukunciphisa iindleko kube yinto ephambili. I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eTshayina, ibingumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo wezisombululo ze-e-commerce logistics eziwela imida ukusukela ngo-2010.
Abantu abaqalise iTopway Shipping banamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwi-logistics kunye ne-customs clearance yamazwe ngamazwe, begxile kakhulu kwi-US nase-China. Sinikezela ngeenkonzo kulo lonke uthotho lwe-logistics, ukusuka kwi-first leg shipping ukuya kwi-offshore. ukugcina ukuya ekugqityweni kwerhafu ukuya ekuhanjisweni okukhawulezileyo. Sikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle eziguquguqukayo ezinesiqulathi esipheleleyo (i-FCL) kunye ne-less-than-container-load (i-LCL) ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aphambili kwihlabathi liphela.
Kwabangenisi bempahla eChile, olu hlobo lobuchule lunokunceda ukugcina amaxabiso okufika ezinzile ngokwenza ucwangciso lwempahla lucace ngakumbi, luvumele ukhetho oluguquguqukayo ngakumbi, kunye nokulungiselela ukwenziwa kwezinto ngendlela enciphisa ukothuka kokusebenza okudla ngokwenza iindleko ezongezelelweyo zibe mandundu.
isiphelo
Amaxabiso okunyuka kwe-CNY kunye neendleko zokuthumela ezongezelelweyo azizongxaki zexesha elifutshane kuphela. Ziyinxalenye yendlela esebenza ngayo urhwebo lwanamhlanje, ingakumbi kubathumeli abathenga iimpahla zabo eTshayina. Amashishini aseChile anokugcina inzuzo yawo, enze izigqibo zamaxabiso zibe zizinzile ngakumbi, kwaye anciphise uxinzelelo lokusebenza ukuba aphatha ezi ngcinezelo njengezinto anokulawula. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza oku kukwimigangatho: amagama orhwebo anciphisa ukudlula kwe-CNY, uqeqesho lwezemali oluthintela ukukhwankqiswa kwe-FX ekubeni yingxaki yokuhamba kwemali, kunye nokusebenza kwe-logistics okunciphisa umngcipheko wentlawulo eyongezelelweyo ngokusebenzisa isivumelwano esikrelekrele, ukuhambisa, kunye nokudibanisa.
Ukuguquguquka kwezinto kuza kuqhubeka. Abathumeli bempahla abathi bayile iinkqubo ezihlala zizolile ngelixa utshintsho lwemarike luphezulu.
FAQs
Q: Ndingayazi njani ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso komthengisi kubangelwa kukunyuka kwe-CNY?
A: Cela ingcaciso ecwangcisiweyo equka iindleko zokufaka kunye nexesha, uze uyithelekise nendlela amaxabiso atshintshe ngayo kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukuba umboneleli akanakukwazi ukuchaza ukuba kutheni ukunyuka kukhulu kunentshukumo ye-CNY ekhankanyiweyo, ungavumi ukunyuka okuvulekileyo. Endaweni yoko, fumana indlela yokutshintsha ixabiso ngaphakathi koluhlu olumiselweyo.
Q: Ngaba iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ziyaxoxiswana, okanye zihlala zidlula?
A: Ezinye ziyadlula, kodwa ukusebenza kunye nokungafihlisi kudla ngokuba yinto efanelekileyo yokuthethathethana. Ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo kunye nokuzinza kwendlela, ungathethathethana ngeenkcazo ezicacileyo, iimfuno zoxwebhu, amaxesha okwazisa, kwanemiqolo okanye izakhiwo ezihlanganisiweyo.
Q: Ngaba ukutshintsha i-Incoterms kwanele ukusombulula iindleko zendawo engalindelekanga?
A: Kuyanceda, kodwa kuphela xa inkampani yakho ingakwazi ukusingatha umsebenzi wothutho olongezelelweyo. Injongo ephambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-Incoterms ozisebenzisayo ziyahambelana nenqanaba lolawulo olufunayo kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukujonga iindleko.
Q: Yeyiphi inyathelo lokuqala elilula lokunciphisa ukutshaja okungaphezulu?
A: Qala ngokujonga kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12 zokugqibela zokuthunyelwa kwempahla ukuze ubone ukuba uhlawulisa malini eyongezelelweyo. Ungaphinda uxoxe ngemigaqo uze uvelise iindlela ezintsha ezisebenza ngcono kakhulu ukuba uyazi ukuba zeziphi iindleko ezikhoyo kunye nendawo ezisebenza kuyo.
Q: Ngaba kufuneka ndikhusele i-CNY ngqo ukuba ndihlawula umboneleli wam nge-USD?
A: Abathumeli bamazwe badla ngokubeka i-hedging USD/CLP phezulu kuluhlu lwabo kuba inempembelelo ngqo kwimali engenayo kunye namaxabiso eChile. Iinkampani ezininzi zijongana nomngcipheko we-CNY ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo zorhwebo kunye neengxoxo zabathengisi endaweni yokukhusela ngokucacileyo i-CNY. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-CNY isenokuthi ichaphazele ngokungathanga ngqo ngendlela ababoneleli ababeka ngayo amaxabiso.
Q: Ndingasithatha njani isigqibo phakathi kwe-FCL kunye ne-LCL xa iindleko zingazinzanga?
A: Jonga okungaphezulu nje kwexabiso lokuthutha elisisiseko. Kwakhona jonga indlela esebenza ngayo intlawulo eyongezelelweyo nge-CBM nganye nakwisikhongozeli ngasinye, kunye nokuthembeka kunye nomngcipheko wokuphatha. Kwabaninzi abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlanganiswa kweqhinga kunokunciphisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-LCL ngaphandle kokukwenza uzibophelele kwi-FCL ezinkulu kakhulu.
Q: Iqabane lezothutho lingayinciphisa njani impembelelo yokuguquguquka kwezinto?
A: Iqabane elilungileyo lenza kube lula ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili, likunceda ukuba uvale umthamo wakho ngokukhawuleza, likunika uhlalutyo olucacileyo lweendleko, lixhasa iindlela zokudibanisa kunye nokuhambisa idatha, kwaye liqinisekisa ukuba onke amaphepha akho afana ukuze ukuqinisekiswa kwe-invoyisi kukhawuleze kwaye kungabi yingxaki.
