Ningbo-Zhoushan zuwa Norway: IMO Jigilar Kayayyaki Masu Haɗari
Gabatarwa
Jigilar kayayyaki masu haɗari ta teku yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da aka fi tsarawa a harkokin cinikin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma saboda dalili mai kyau. Kwantenar batirin lithium ko sinadarai marasa lakabi na iya barazana ga jirgin ruwa, ma'aikatansa da kuma yanayin ruwan teku. Bin ƙa'ida yana da wahala musamman idan asalin Ningbo-Zhoushan ne - tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma a duniya ta hanyar tan - kuma inda za a je shine Norway, wacce ke da dokokin kwastam masu tsauri ban da cikakken nauyin ƙa'idodin sinadarai na Turai REACH da CLP.
Wannan jagorar ta bayyana abubuwa masu rikitarwa. Idan kai mai masana'anta ne a Zhejiang wanda ke fitar da sinadarai na masana'antu, ko kuma mai gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci ta intanet a Shenzhen da ke jigilar kayayyaki masu amfani da lithium, ko kuma mai shigo da kaya daga Norway wanda ke neman fahimtar takaddun da mai samar da kayayyaki na China zai bayar, za ka sami bayanai masu inganci a nan. Muna magana ne game da tsarin Dokar IMDG (gami da Kwaskwarima ta 42-24 ta 2024 wadda ta zama tilas a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2026), buƙatun shigo da kaya na musamman ga Norway, tsarin jigilar kaya mataki-mataki a China, kurakuran da aka saba gani waɗanda ke haifar da riƙe kaya a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Norway, da hanyoyin jigilar kaya da ake samu daga Ningbo-Zhoushan zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Norway.
Mun kuma bayyana yadda wani sabis na jigilar kayayyaki na ƙasa da ƙasa da ke Shenzhen, Topway Shipping, wanda ke da ƙwarewa sama da shekaru 15, ke taimaka wa masu fitar da kayayyaki su shawo kan wannan yanayi mai wahala na bin ƙa'idodi.
Me yasa Ningbo-Zhoushan? Tashar jiragen ruwa da ke bayan China ta isa ga duniya
Ba wai kawai tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ningbo-Zhoushan ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi cunkoso a China ba, har ma ta kasance tashar jiragen ruwa mafi cunkoso a duniya tsawon shekaru 17 a jere. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta ɗauki nauyin kaya sama da tan biliyan 1.4 a shekarar 2025, wanda hakan ya zama tashar jiragen ruwa ta farko da ta karya wannan shingen a cikin shekara guda. Yawan kwantena da take fitarwa ya kuma zarce alamar TEU miliyan 40 a karon farko, wanda hakan ya ƙarfafa matsayinta a cikin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa uku na kwantena a duniya.
Zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 2025, Ningbo-Zhoushan ta buɗe hanyoyin jigilar kwantena 309, inda ta haɗa tashoshin jiragen ruwa sama da 700 a cikin ƙasashe da yankuna sama da 200. Ma'aunin haɗin tashar jiragen ruwanta ya kasance na biyu a duniya kuma tana da jiragen ruwa kusan 300 da ke zuwa kowace rana. Wannan matakin haɗin gwiwa shine babban fa'idar da masu fitar da kaya ke bayarwa: akwai kira akai-akai zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Turai, ciki har da Hamburg, Rotterdam da Bremerhaven waɗanda ke ba da haɗin kai zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Norway - wanda hakan ya sa Ningbo-Zhoushan ya zama zaɓi mafi dacewa ga jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Norway.
Tashar jiragen ruwan ta kuma zuba jari sosai wajen sarrafa kayayyaki masu haɗari a sikelin. "Tashoshi na musamman, rumbunan ajiya masu haɗin gwiwa tare da ikon adana DG da tsarin share kwastam na dijital wanda aka haɗa tare da dandamalin Gudanar da Kwastam na China (GACC) duk suna rage gogayya ga masu jigilar kaya. An jaddada haɗarin sarrafa DG a gobarar tashar Meishan ta 2021 wanda ya dakatar da tsarin samar da kayayyaki a duniya tsawon watanni, kuma aiwatar da bin ƙa'idodi a tashar ya ƙaru ne kawai tun daga lokacin."
Lambar IMDG: Littafin Dokoki da Ba Za Ka Iya Yin Watsi da Su Ba
Menene Lambar IMDG?
Dokar Kayayyakin Haɗari na Ruwa ta Duniya (IMDG), wadda Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Ruwa ta Duniya (IMO) ta buga, ita ce ƙa'idar da ta shafi jigilar kayayyaki masu haɗari a teku a cikin nau'in da aka cika. Dokar ta shafi doka a ƙarƙashin Babi na VII na Yarjejeniyar Duniya don Tsaron Rai a Teku (SOLAS) kuma buƙatun muhallinsa suna ƙarƙashin MARPOL Annex III. Duk ƙasashen tuta da suka sanya hannu kan SOLAS, ciki har da China da Norway, dole ne su tabbatar da bin Dokar IMDG.
Dokar ta bayyana a cikin juzu'i biyu. Juzu'i na 1 ya ƙunshi tanade-tanaden gabaɗaya, ƙa'idodin rarrabuwa, tanadin shirya kaya da tankuna, hanyoyin jigilar kaya da ayyukan sufuri. Juzu'i na 2 shine Jerin Kayayyaki Masu Haɗari, wanda cikakken jerin abubuwa ne kuma ya haɗa da lambar UN ɗinsu, sunan jigilar kaya mai dacewa, aji, rukunin shirya kaya da tanadi na musamman.
Kwaskwarima ta 42-24: Abin da ya Canja a 2026
Kwamitin Tsaron Jiragen Ruwa na IMO ne ya amince da Dokar IMDG, bugu na 2024, wanda ya haɗa da Kwaskwarima ta 42-24, a zamansa na 108 a watan Mayu na 2024. An yi shi ne da son rai kamar yadda ya bayyana a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2025, kuma yanzu ya zama dole kamar yadda ya bayyana a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2026. Wannan ita ce wadda ta shafi dukkan jigilar kayayyaki zuwa Ningbo-Zhoushan zuwa Norway a lokacin rubuta wannan rahoto.
Canjin aiki kawai ga masu fitar da kaya shine sake rarraba motocin lantarki da sauran kayan sufuri da batirin lithium ke amfani da su. Daga ranar 31 ga Maris, 2025 (tare da lokacin sauyi na watanni uku daga 1 ga Janairu, 2025), motocin da ke amfani da batirin lithium ba su cancanci a ayyana su a ƙarƙashin Dokar UN 3171 (Motar da ke amfani da Baturi). Dangane da sinadaran batirin, yanzu dole ne a rarraba su a matsayin UN 3556 (Motar, Batirin Lithium Ion mai amfani da shi), UN 3557 (Motar, Batirin ƙarfe na Lithium mai amfani da shi) ko UN 3558 (Motar, Batirin Sodium Ion mai amfani da shi). An yi amfani da tsohuwar rarrabuwa don jinkirta jigilar kaya zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Norway - wannan ba batun nazari ba ne.
Kwaskwarima ta 42-24 ta kuma samar da sabbin bayanai game da batirin sodium-ion na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (wanda suka ɓace a bugu na baya) kuma ta ƙara ƙarin buƙatun takardu ga motocin lantarki waɗanda ke ɗauke da bayanan rigakafin ɗumamar zafi.
Azuzuwan Kayayyaki Guda Tara Masu Haɗari
Dokar IMDG ta tanadar da dukkan kayayyaki masu haɗari a cikin manyan azuzuwa tara tare da takamaiman sharuɗɗa don tattarawa, sanya alama, yiwa alama da kuma raba su. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna mafi mahimmancin azuzuwan ciniki tsakanin China da Norway:
| Class | category | misalan | Maɓallin Maɓalli |
| Class 1 | nakiyoyi | Wasan wuta, abubuwan fashewa | Ajiyewa ta musamman, babu jiragen fasinja |
| Class 2 | Gas | LPG, iskar oxygen mai matsewa | Gwajin matsi, makullan bawul |
| Class 3 | Ruwan Flammable | Fenti, manne, da sauran sinadarai | Takardun Flashpoint |
| Class 4 | Ƙunƙarar wuta | Ashana, foda na ƙarfe | Marufi na ciki mai rufewa da zafi |
| Class 5 | Abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar oxygen | Peroxides, nitrates | Rabawa daga abubuwan da ke ƙonewa |
| Class 6 | Mai guba & Mai Yaɗuwa | Magungunan kashe kwari, sharar asibiti | Marubucin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tabbatar |
| Class 7 | Abubuwan Radiyo | isotopes na likita | Amincewa da ikon hukuma mai ƙwarewa |
| Class 8 | Masu lalata | Asid, batura (jika) | Ingancin marufi na ciki |
| Class 9 | Kayayyaki Masu Haɗari Daban-daban | Batirin lithium, busasshen kankara | Iyakokin Yanayin Cajin Batir |
Ga masu fitar da kaya masu gauraye, ƙuntatawa tsakanin nau'ikan da ba su dace ba - ruwa mai ƙonewa (Aji na 3) ba za a iya adana su tare da mahaɗan oxidizing (Aji na 5) ba - yana kawo ƙarin matsala ta tsara kwantena wanda ke buƙatar warwarewa kafin yin booking.
Tsarin Shigo da Kayayyaki Masu Haɗari na Norway
Kwastam na Norway (Tolletaten) da Tsarin Sinadaran EEA
Norway ba memba ce ta Tarayyar Turai ba, amma a matsayinta na memba a Yankin Tattalin Arzikin Turai (EEA), tana aiwatar da mafi yawan dokokin Tarayyar Turai, gami da dokokin sinadarai. A Norway, Dokar REACH (Rijista, Kimantawa, Izini da Takaita Sinadarai) ana aiwatar da ita ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar EEA kuma an haɗa ta cikin Dokokin REACH na ƙasa a Norway. Dokar CLP (Rarrabawa, Lakabi da Marufi na Abubuwa da Gauraye) ita ce dokar da ke tsara lakabin sinadarai masu cutarwa da gauraye lokacin da aka shigo da su Norway. Hukumar Muhalli ta Norway ita ce hukumar da ke da alhakin hakan.
A aikace, wannan yana nufin cewa kwantena na sinadarai na masana'antu da ke shigowa daga Ningbo dole ne ya cika ba kawai da ƙa'idodin Dokar IMDG don tashar jiragen ruwa ba, har ma da ƙa'idodin lakabin CLP a lokacin da aka amince da kwastam na Norway. Kwastam na Norway (Tolletaten) ba ya sake gwada abubuwa amma yana sake duba cikakken takardu. Za a riƙe jigilar kaya idan babu SDS, idan ba a fassara SDS ba daidai ba ko kuma idan SDS yana nufin rarrabuwar CLP da ta tsufa wadda aka sake gyarawa tun daga lokacin.
Shigar da Jirgin Ruwa na DG a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Norway
Kayayyakin haɗari da ke shiga ta teku a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Norway, wato Oslo (tashar jiragen ruwa ta Sjursoya), Bergen, Stavanger da Kristiansand, ana sa ran za a sanar da su kafin isowa. Mai ɗaukar kaya (ko wakilinsa) dole ne ya sanar da hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa duk wani kaya da ke cikin jirgin kafin isowar jirgin. Ana yin hakan ta amfani da tsarin aika saƙonnin Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), sau da yawa ta hanyar wakilin tashar jiragen ruwa na mai ɗaukar kaya.
Hukumomin tashar jiragen ruwa na Norway suna duba takardar shaidar kaya bisa ga Sanarwar Kayayyakin Da ke Da Haɗari ta IMO (DGD) don ganin matsayinsu, lambar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙungiyar tattara kaya da kuma daidaiton rarrabuwa. Kwastam na Norway ko Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Ruwa ta Norway (Sjøfartsdirektoratet) za su duba kwantena da aka zaɓa don dubawa. Aji na 1 (fashewa) da Aji na 7 (kayan rediyo) ana duba su akai-akai, kamar yadda ake duba duk wani jigilar kaya da ke ɗauke da takardu waɗanda ba su dace ba ko kuma ba su cika ba.
Masu shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen waje ya kamata su kuma sani cewa hukumomin Norway suna buƙatar izini kafin shigo da kaya ko sanarwa game da takamaiman nau'ikan kayayyaki masu haɗari. Sinadaran da Yarjejeniyar Stockholm ta rufe kan Gurɓatattun Halittu Masu Dorewa suna buƙatar takardar shaidar keɓewa ko amfani da izini kafin a iya share su don shigo da su.
Mataki-mataki: Tsarin Yarda da Ka'idojin Kaya Kafin Jigilar Kaya daga China
Rarrabawa da Sanya Lambar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
Tafiyar bin ƙa'ida ta fara tun kafin ka yi booking. Mai fitar da kaya (ko mai jigilar kaya) yana da alhakin rarraba kayan daidai bisa ga Jerin Kayayyaki Masu Haɗari a cikin Dokar IMDG. Wannan ya haɗa da zaɓar lambar UN da ta dace, sunan jigilar kaya mai kyau, ajin haɗari da rukunin tattarawa. Ga gaurayen sinadarai waɗanda ba a rarraba su daban ba, tushen rarrabawa zai zama hanyar da aka bayar a cikin Babi na 2 na Dokar IMDG wanda ke buƙatar sanin sassan da adadinsu.
Kuskure da aka saba gani shine amfani da rarrabuwar da ta yi daidai a ƙarƙashin bugu na farko na IMDG. Kwaskwarima ta 42-24 ta ƙara sabbin lambobi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma ta canza tanade-tanaden musamman ga wasu sinadarai. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga kayayyakin batirin lithium, yayin da yanayin rarrabuwa ya canza sosai daga 2025 zuwa 2026, kuma masu fitar da kaya waɗanda ba su sabunta bayanan cikin gida ba suna fuskantar haɗarin amfani da tsoffin lambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.
Takaddun Shaidar Marufi Mai Haɗari
Hukumar kwastam ta ƙasar Sin, ƙarƙashin ikon GACC, ta buƙaci masu fitar da kaya su sami Takardar Shaidar Marufi ta Kayayyaki Masu Haɗari (危险品包装证书) don a fitar da jigilar kaya ta DG. Wannan tsari ne mai matakai biyu. Na farko, dole ne mai kera marufi ya duba marufinsa kuma ya ba da takardar shaida ta hukumar bincike ta GACC. Na biyu, mai fitar da kaya dole ne ya sami takardar shaida da ke tabbatar da cewa an gwada takamaiman marufin da aka yi amfani da shi don takamaiman kayan kuma an amince da shi don amfani da wannan nau'in kayan haɗari. Wannan takardar shaidar ya kamata ta kasance tare da sanarwar fitarwa.
Ga batirin lithium, ana buƙatar ƙarin takardu a matakin fitarwa na China: rahoton gwaji na UN 38.3 daga wani dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka amince da shi wanda ke nuna cewa batirin ya wuce dukkan gwaje-gwajen aminci guda takwas (kwaikwayon tsayi, gwajin zafi, girgiza, girgiza, gajeriyar da'ira ta waje, tasiri, caji fiye da kima da kuma tilasta fitar da su). Ba za a karɓi duk wani batirin da ba shi da rahoton UN 38.3 don izinin fitarwa a Ningbo-Zhoushan ko wani tashar jiragen ruwa ta China ba.
Kammala Sanarwar Kayayyakin Haɗari na IMO
Sanarwar Kayayyakin Haɗari (DGD) ita ce babban takardar IMO ga duk wani kayan jigilar kaya na DG na teku. Mai jigilar kaya (ba mai jigilar kaya ba) ne ke da alhakin cike wannan kuma ya haɗa da lambar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sunan jigilar kaya mai kyau, ajin haɗari, ƙungiyar shirya kaya, lamba da nau'in fakiti, nauyin da ya dace da jimlar nauyin, wurin walƙiya (idan ya dace), ƙirar gurɓataccen ruwa (idan ya dace), da kuma martanin gaggawa. lambaSanarwar mai jigilar kaya za ta haɗa da takardar shaidar da aka sanya wa hannu: 'Ina bayyana cewa abubuwan da ke cikin wannan jigilar an bayyana su daidai kuma daidai a sama da sunan jigilar kaya da ya dace, kuma an rarraba su, an naɗe su, an yi musu alama kuma an yi musu alama/an yi musu alama, kuma suna cikin yanayi mai kyau don jigilar kaya bisa ga ƙa'idodin gwamnati na ƙasa da ƙasa da na ƙasa.'
Babban abin da ke haifar da hana kaya a Ningbo-Zhoushan shi ne kurakurai a kan DGD, kamar lambobin UN da aka canja, kuskuren sunayen ƙungiyoyin tattara kaya, ko kuma rashin bayanan tuntuɓar gaggawa. Masu ɗaukar kaya suna da nasu gwajin karɓar DG kafin ɗaukar kaya, kuma idan aka ƙi yin rajistar DG kusa da lokacin da jirgin zai ƙare, wannan na iya haifar da jira na kwanaki ko makonni don samun wurin DG na gaba a kan jirgin da ya cancanta.
Ga taƙaitaccen bayani game da manyan takaddun da za ku buƙaci don jigilar kayanku masu haɗari daga Ningbo zuwa Norway:
| Takardun | Jam'iyyar Bayarwa | Nufa |
| Sanarwar Kayayyakin Haɗari ta IMO | Mai jigilar kaya / Mai jigilar kaya | Ya ayyana ajin kaya, lambar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙungiyar shirya kaya |
| Takardar bayanan Tsaron Abu (MSDS/SDS) | manufacturer | Bayanin Kayayyakin Sinadarai & Bayanin Amsar Gaggawa |
| Takaddun Takaddar Kayan Kayan Haɗari | Kwastam na ƙasar Sin (GACC) | Tabbatar da cewa marufi ya cika ƙa'idodin IMDG |
| Rahoton Gwajin UN 38.3 (Batura) | Lab da aka amince da shi | An tabbatar da cewa batirin lithium ya ci jarrabawar lafiya |
| Takaddar tattarawa | Mai jigilar kaya / Mai ɗaukar kaya | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton cika kwantena |
| Lasisi na fitarwa (idan an zartar) | MOFCOM China | Ana buƙata don fasahar da aka sarrafa / abubuwan amfani biyu |
| Sanarwar Kwastam ta Norway (SAD) | Mai shigo da kaya / Wakili | Tabbacin shigo da kaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Norway |
Hanyar Hanya: Daga Ningbo-Zhoushan zuwa Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa na Norway
Ningbo-Zhoushan ba ta da sabis na ruwa kai tsaye tare da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Norway. Hanyar da aka saba bi ita ce jigilar kaya ta babban cibiyar Arewacin Turai (yawanci Hamburg, Rotterdam, Bremerhaven ko Antwerp) sannan a kai sabis na ciyarwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Norway. Wannan tsarin jigilar kaya yana da tasiri ga kayayyaki masu haɗari: takaddun DG dole ne su kasance masu inganci kuma sun dace da juna a cikin jirgin ruwa na uwa da kuma a cikin ƙafar ciyarwa. Wasu masu jigilar kaya suna amfani da ƙarin ƙuntatawa ga kayan DG sama da ƙananan buƙatun Dokar IMDG, don haka yana da mahimmanci a duba karɓar DG tare da masu jigilar kaya biyu kafin yin rajista.
A watan Afrilun 2025, Ningbo-Zhoushan ta bayyana wani sabon tsarin jigilar kayayyaki ga Turai wanda ya haɗa da ayyukan jigilar jiragen ƙasa na teku da na gaggawa, inda hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Arctic Express ta China-Turai ta isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Felixstowe ta Burtaniya cikin kwanaki 18. Kamfanin jiragen ruwa na Ningbo-Zhoushan-Wilhelmshaven na China-Turai Express shi ma ya fara aiki yadda ya kamata, wanda ya rage tafiyar da ke tsakanin China da Jamus fiye da kwanaki 10 idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin da aka saba. Waɗannan ayyukan jigilar jiragen ruwa na gaggawa suna ba da damar shiga cibiyar sadarwa ta Arewacin Turai cikin sauri, kuma suna iya rage lokacin jigilar kaya daga Ningbo zuwa Norway don jigilar DG da kwanaki da yawa - amma a halin yanzu sun fi dacewa da kayan da ba na DG ba ko kuma waɗanda aka takaita ba na DG, saboda iyakokin karɓar masu ɗaukar kaya da ake da su.
| Asalin Port | Tashar jiragen ruwa | Kimanin sufuri | Sabis na Yau da Kullum | Saukewa |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Oslo (Sjursoya) | 28-35 kwanaki | Saukewa: FCL | Hamburg ko Rotterdam |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Bergen | 30-38 kwanaki | Saukewa: FCL | Hamburg ko Bremerhaven |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Stavanger | 32-40 kwanaki | Saukewa: FCL | Hamburg ko Antwerp |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Kristiansand | 31-38 kwanaki | FCL | Rotterdam |
Wani takaitaccen aiki a wannan hanya ga kayayyaki masu haɗari na jigilar kaya na LCL (ƙasa da kaya a cikin kwantena) shine cewa dole ne a ba da lasisin wuraren haɗa kayan LCL don jigilar kaya na DG, kuma ba duk masu haɗa kayan haɗin gwiwa a cibiyoyin jigilar kaya na Arewacin Turai ba ne a shirye suke su haɗa kayan DG tare da jigilar kaya na gama gari. Masu fitar da kaya da ke amfani da LCL don jigilar kaya na DG ya kamata su duba karɓuwar DG LCL tun da wuri. Yawan DG LCL yawanci yana sama da kashi 30 zuwa 50 cikin ɗari fiye da adadin LCL da ba na DG ba, wanda ke lissafin ƙarin buƙatun sarrafawa da takardu.
Batirin Lithium: Nau'in DG Mafi Rikici a Cinikin China da Norway
Batirin lithium (Aji na 9, Miscellaneous) sune matsalar bin ƙa'idodi mafi ƙarfi a cikin dukkan nau'ikan kayayyaki masu haɗari a kan hanyar Ningbo zuwa Norway. China ita ce babbar mai samar da batirin lithium a duniya. Norway, wacce ke da wasu daga cikin mafi girman ƙimar mallakar EV a kowace mutum a duniya da kuma kasuwar kayan lantarki masu tasowa, babbar kasuwa ce ga na'urori masu amfani da batiri.
Kwaskwarima ta 42-24 ta yi gyare-gyare ga rarrabuwar da aka bayyana a Sashe na 2 a sama. Amma wahalar bin ƙa'idodi ta wuce sabunta adadin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Tun daga tsakiyar shekarar 2025, China ta ƙarfafa tsarin kula da fitarwa kan fasahohin da ke da alaƙa da batirin lithium. A watan Yulin shekarar 2025, MOFCOM ta ce lasisin fitarwa zai zama dole don canja wurin fasahohi guda takwas masu mahimmanci da ake amfani da su wajen kera batirin EV, gami da manyan hanyoyin samar da batirin lithium iron phosphate (LFP). A watan Oktoban shekarar 2025, MOFCOM da GACC sun haɗu sun sanar da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri kan kayayyakin amfani biyu don fara aiki a watan Nuwamban shekarar 2025. Masu fitar da kayayyakin batirin lithium da aka gama waɗanda ke amfani da waɗannan fasahohin - koda kuwa samfurin da kansa ba ya cikin Jerin Amfani Biyu - suna buƙatar la'akari ko ana iya buƙatar lasisin fitarwa.
A ɓangaren shigo da kaya daga Norway, akwai buƙatu da dama na aiki don bin ƙa'idodin IMDG Code ga batura: batirin lithium ion da aka aika ƙarƙashin Class IA (UN3480, PI965 Sashe na IA) bai kamata ya wuce kashi 30 cikin ɗari na yanayin caji ba (SoC); duk fakiti dole ne su nuna alamar batirin lithium na Class 9 da ake buƙata; Sanarwar Mai Shigowa dole ne ta kasance tare da jigilar kaya na Class IA; kuma duk wani batirin da aka haɗa da EV da aka aika a matsayin wani ɓangare na abin hawa dole ne ya haɗa da takaddun rigakafin thermal. Jami'an tashar jiragen ruwa ta Norway da kwastam na Norway suna fara sanin waɗannan ƙa'idodi, kuma za su duba takaddun DG don fitar da batura sosai fiye da shekaru biyar da suka gabata.
Kuskure da Yawaye Da Yadda Ake Gujewa Su
Shekaru na gwaninta a fannin jigilar kayayyaki masu haɗari a China da Turai sun nuna cewa nau'ikan kurakurai iri ɗaya suna bayyana tare da yawan mita. A ƙasa akwai tebur na kurakurai mafi tasiri da kuma yadda za a hana su:
| Kuskure gama gari | Sakamakon | rigakafin |
| Lambar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba daidai ba akan DGD | An hana jigilar kaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta asali | Tabbatar da rarrabuwa ta amfani da jerin IMDG Vol. 2 |
| MSDS / SDS da suka ɓace | Hukumar kwastam ta Norway | Haɗa SDS zuwa kowane jigilar DG |
| Batirin lithium SoC > 30% (Aji IA) | ƙin karɓar mai ɗaukar kaya | Ikon caji kafin shiryawa |
| Babu Takaddun Shaidar Marufi na GACC | An toshe fitar da kaya zuwa China | Yi rijista ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje mai lasisin GACC kafin yin booking |
| Lambar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta tsufa (misali UN 3171 don EVs) | Tsare tashar jiragen ruwa ta Norway | Yi amfani da UN 3556/3557/3558 daga Janairu 2026 |
Baya ga kurakuran takardu, yin rajista a kan lokaci wani babban rukuni ne na matsalolin da za a iya hana su. Dole ne a sanar da mai ɗaukar kaya duk wani kaya mai haɗari kafin a yanke DG, wanda yawanci yakan kasance kwanaki 3 zuwa 5 kafin ranar karɓar kaya na jirgin. Yawancin masu jigilar kaya suna ɗaukar rajistar DG a matsayin rajista na yau da kullun kuma suna barin ƙaddamar da takaddun DG zuwa minti na ƙarshe. Sakamakon haka, sashen DG na mai ɗaukar kaya ba shi da lokacin yin binciken karɓa kuma an ƙi yin rajistar. manyan masu fitar da kayayyaki na matsakaici na iya yin babban tasiri ga ayyuka ta hanyar ƙididdige lokacin jagorancin DG a cikin shirin jigilar kaya, maimakon a matsayin tunani bayan haka.
8. Yadda Jirgin Sama na Topway ke Tallafawa Jigilar Kayayyakinku Masu Haɗari
Kamfanin Topway Shipping, wanda ke Shenzhen, China, ya kasance ƙwararren mai samar da mafita kan harkokin sufuri ta intanet tsakanin ƙasashen biyu tun daga shekarar 2010. Ƙungiyar da ta kafa kamfanin tana da shekaru 15+ na gogewa a fannin jigilar kayayyaki da kwastam na ƙasashen duniya, tare da mai da hankali kan harkokin sufuri tsakanin China da Amurka — kuma tare da irin wannan ƙwarewa a fannin harkokin kasuwanci na China Europe, gami da hanyar China Norway.
Ayyukan jigilar kaya na Topway sun shafi dukkan sarkar jigilar kaya: jigilar kaya daga tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa, na ƙasashen waje warewa, share kwastam (taimakon share fitar da kaya daga China da kuma share shigo da kaya daga Norway), da kuma isar da kaya na mil na ƙarshe. Musamman ga kayayyaki masu haɗari, Topway tana aiki tare da hukumomin duba masu lasisi na GACC don taimakawa masu fitar da kaya su sami Takardar Shaidar Marufi na Kayayyaki Masu Haɗari a matakin fitarwa na China kuma tana aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin karɓar DG na masu ɗaukar kaya don tabbatar da cewa an gabatar da sanarwar DG a cikin taga da kamfanin ke buƙata.
Topway tana ba da sabis na jigilar kaya na gaba ɗaya (FCL) da na ƙasa da kwantena (LCL) daga China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a duk duniya, gami da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Norway kamar Oslo, Bergen da Stavanger. Zaɓin FCL yana ba da hanya mafi sauƙi don bin ƙa'idodin jigilar kaya na DG - kwantena ɗaya don kayan mai jigilar kaya ɗaya, ba tare da matsalolin ɗaukar kaya tare da DG LCL ba. Lokacin da ake buƙatar LCL don ƙananan jigilar kaya na DG, ƙungiyar Topway ta sami ɗakunan ajiya masu lasisi don sarrafa DG a cibiyar jigilar kaya da ta dace.
Ƙungiyar ta kuma taimaka wa abokan ciniki wajen haɓaka yanayin sarrafa fitar da kaya daga China. Yayin da za a yi wa jerin kamfanonin sarrafa fitar da kaya na MOFCOM kwaskwarima a shekarar 2025 don daidaita fasahar batir da kayayyakin amfani biyu, Topway tana aiki tare da masu ba da shawara kan bin ƙa'idodin fitar da kaya don taimakawa masana'antun batir da masu fitar da kaya don tantance ko ana buƙatar lasisin fitar da kaya ga takamaiman samfurin su kafin jigilar kaya zuwa Ningbo-Zhoushan, don haka guje wa haɗarin ƙin ɗaukar kaya a ƙofar tashar jiragen ruwa.
Kammalawa
Jigilar kayayyaki masu haɗari daga Ningbo-Zhoushan zuwa Norway yana ɗaya daga cikin yanayi mafi rikitarwa na bin ƙa'idodi a cikin jigilar kaya ta teku ta duniya - amma ana iya cimma hakan gaba ɗaya tare da abokan hulɗa da tsare-tsare masu dacewa. Kwaskwarima ta Dokar IMDG mai lamba 42-24, wacce ta fara aiki sosai a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2026, ta sanya sabon tushe don rarrabuwa ga wasu manyan nau'ikan kaya, gami da abubuwan batirin lithium. Baya ga dokokin EU REACH da CLP, daidaita Norway yana nufin dole ne a kula da matakin bin ƙa'idodi na biyu kafin kayayyaki su iya share kwastam a Oslo, Bergen, ko Stavanger.
Muhimmanci ga nasarar jigilar DG a wannan hanyar sune: rarrabuwa daidai ga Lambar IMDG ta yanzu; cikakkun takardu da aka shirya daidai, gami da Takaddun Shaidar Marufi na DGD, MSDS/SDS da Takaddun Shaidar Marufi na Kayayyaki Masu Haɗari na China; wayar da kan jama'a game da tsarin kula da fitarwa na China don fasahar da ke da alaƙa da batir; lokacin da ya dace na yin rajista idan aka yi la'akari da hanyoyin karɓar DG na masu ɗaukar kaya; da kuma zaɓar abokin hulɗa na jigilar kaya tare da ƙwarewar DG ta gaske a cikin matakan fitarwa na China da na Norway.
Yayin da Ningbo-Zhoushan ke faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwar hanyoyinta da kuma zuba jari a fannin sarrafa kayayyakin more rayuwa na DG, kuma yayin da sha'awar Norway ga kayayyakin da ke amfani da batir da sinadarai na masana'antu daga China ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa, yawan kayayyaki masu haɗari da ke tafiya a wannan hanyar kasuwanci zai ƙaru kawai. Waɗannan masu jigilar kaya waɗanda suka zuba jari a cikin ƙwarewar bin ƙa'idodi yanzu, maimakon su koyi daga jinkiri da hukunci masu tsada, za su kasance mafi kyau don ƙara yawan fitar da kayayyaki yadda ya kamata da kuma inganci.
FAQs
T: Shin Dokar IMDG ta zama dole ga duk jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Norway?
A: Eh. China da Norway dukkansu ɓangarori ne na SOLAS, wanda ke buƙatar bin ƙa'idodin Dokar IMDG ga duk wani abu mai haɗari da ake jigilar shi ta teku. Za a buƙaci Bugun 2024 (Gyara 42-24) daga ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2026.
T: Menene bambanci tsakanin FCL da LCL don jigilar kayayyaki masu haɗari?
A: FCL (Cikakken Nauyin Kwantena) yana nufin kayanka sun mamaye dukkan kwantena, don haka babu matsalolin ɗaukar kaya tare da sauran kayan masu jigilar kaya. Wannan shine zaɓi mafi kyau ga jigilar DG. LCL (Ƙasa da Nauyin Kwantena) yana haɗa kayan masu jigilar kaya da yawa cikin kwantena ɗaya. Ba duk rumbunan tattara kaya ba ne za su ɗauki kayan DG kuma kuɗin DG LCL galibi yakan fi 30-50% girma fiye da wanda ba DG LCL ba.
T: An riga an ayyana batirin lithium dina a ƙarƙashin UN 3171. Shin ina buƙatar canza wani abu?
A: Eh – nan take. Fara aiki daga ranar 31 ga Maris 2025, UN 3171 ya shafi motocin da aka sanya batura marasa lithium (misali gubar acid). "Motocin da ke amfani da batirin lithium yanzu dole ne su yi amfani da UN 3556, UN 3557 ko UN 3558. Tsarin rarrabuwa na zamani zai iya haifar da tsare kaya a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Norway.
T: Har yaushe ake ɗauka kafin a sami Takardar Shaidar Marufi Mai Haɗari a China?
A: Yawanci kwanaki 5 zuwa 10 na aiki daga lokacin da kuka gabatar da samfuran aikace-aikacen da marufi ga hukumar dubawa da GACC ta amince da su. Ya kamata a haɗa wannan cikin jadawalin samarwa da isarwa ga masu fitar da kaya, musamman lokacin da ake mu'amala da sabbin kayayyaki ko sabbin tsare-tsaren marufi.
T: Shin Topway Shipping tana kula da share kwastam na DG a China?
A: Hakika. Aikin Topway Shipping ya haɗa da share fitar da kayayyaki daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta China kamar Ningbo-Zhoushan kuma yana haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyoyin dubawa masu lasisin GACC don samun takardar shaidar marufi. Muna kula da takaddun DG da ake buƙata don cika wa'adin da aka ƙayyade na jigilar kaya.
