Sashe na 301, IEEPA, Sashe na 122: Jagora Mai Sauƙi ga Harajin Amurka akan China
Idan kana shigo da kaya daga China a shekarar 2026, wataƙila ka riga ka ga cewa ana iya gano harajin da ke kan kwantena ɗaya zuwa hukumomin shari'a guda uku a lokaci guda. Jigilar kayan lantarki na masu amfani za a iya ɗaukar nauyin Sashe na 301 daga binciken 2018, ƙarin kuɗin Sashe na 122 daga farkon shekarar da kuma aikin tilastawa wanda ya fara aiki a ƙarshen watan Yuli. Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shirye-shirye uku da ke da suna iri ɗaya, tushe na shari'a, ko ma ofishin gwamnati na asali. Amma duk sun ƙare a kan shigarwar kwastam iri ɗaya kuma an haɗa su. Wannan labarin ya yi bayani game da abin da kowannensu yake, yadda suka kasance gefe da gefe da kuma abin da ya canza a ƙasa ga masu jigilar kaya da ke jigilar kaya daga China.
A takaice dai: Sashe na 301 shine tsarin jadawalin kuɗin fito mai tsawo, wanda ya shafi kayayyaki, wanda ke sanya haraji ga kayayyakin China tun daga shekarar 2018. IEEPA ita ce makamin da Shugaban Ƙasa ya yi amfani da shi wajen rage gibin kuɗin fito a duk faɗin ƙasar. Kotun Ƙoli ta rufe shi a watan Fabrairun 2026. Sashe na 122, wani tsari na kwanaki 150 don ci gaba da biyan ƙarin kuɗi yayin da gwamnati ta sake haɗa kai, ya ƙare akan lokaci a watan Yuli. Ga bayanin kowane abu, sannan yadda za su kasance a cikin ainihin gabatarwa.
Dokoki Uku, Rasidi Ɗaya
Yana taimakawa wajen fara tambayar dalilin da yasa Amurka ke da shirye-shiryen harajin kuɗi guda uku masu haɗuwa maimakon ɗaya. An ƙirƙiri sashe na 301 na Dokar Ciniki ta 1974 don wani takamaiman dalili: don hukunta abokin ciniki ɗaya saboda wasu ayyukan rashin adalci da aka gano ta hanyar bincike na hukuma. Yana da jinkirin farawa, yana da wuya a canza, amma da zarar an sanya shi a can yana iya zama, domin kawar da shi yana buƙatar irin wannan ƙoƙarin gudanarwa wanda ya kai shi can.
Ba a taɓa nufin IEEPA ta zama dokar kuɗin fito ba. "Dokar ikon gaggawa ce ta ƙasa don daskarar da kadarori da takunkumi a cikin gaggawa ta ƙasa." Saurinta ya jawo hankalin gwamnati: Shugaban ƙasa zai iya ayyana dokar gaggawa kuma ya yi amfani da kuɗin fito a duk faɗin ƙasar cikin 'yan kwanaki, sannan ya canza ƙimar ta hanyar sanarwa lokacin da tattaunawa ta yi tsauri. Kuma wannan sassaucin shine abin da Kotun Koli ta ga yana da matsala - Majalisa ba ta taɓa rubuta wa IEEPA takardar neman izinin ba da izinin haraji ba.
Sashe na 122 yana tsakiyar. An rubuta shi a cikin Dokar Ciniki ta 1974 a matsayin ainihin ma'aunin gaggawa don rikice-rikicen daidaitawar biyan kuɗi. An takaita shi zuwa matsakaicin ƙimar kashi 15 cikin ɗari da matsakaicin lokacin kwanaki 150 sai dai idan Majalisa ta kaɗa ƙuri'ar tsawaita shi. Sashe na 122 shine mafaka mafi sauƙi ta doka lokacin da harajin IEEPA ya faɗi - ko da kuwa manufarsa ta yin dokoki ba ta dace da gibin ciniki na yau da kullun ba.
Sashe na 301: Harajin Kuɗin da Ba a Taɓa Bari ba
Harajin da aka sanya wa China na Sashe na 301 ya fara ne daga shekarar 2018, lokacin da gwamnatin Trump ta farko ta gano a cikin wani bincike kan canja wurin fasaha da ayyukan mallakar fasaha cewa halayen cinikayyar China ba su da adalci kuma sun kawo cikas ga kasuwancin Amurka. An fitar da harajin a sassa daban-daban da ake kira Jeri na 1 zuwa Jeri na 4A. Jeri na farko guda biyu sun fara aiki a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2018 da 23 ga Agusta, 2018, kuma an ƙara wasu jerin a watan Satumba na 2018 da Agusta 2019.
Gwamnatin Biden ta gudanar da wani bincike na doka na tsawon shekaru huɗu a ƙarƙashin Dokar Ciniki, kuma ta sake ƙara haraji a shekarar 2024 kan jerin kayayyakin dabaru, tare da tsawaita farashi daga baya har zuwa 2025 zuwa 2026. Mafi girman ƙaruwar ya shafi motocin lantarki, batirin EV, ƙwayoyin hasken rana, cranes na jiragen ruwa zuwa teku, sirinji da allurai, da ma'adanai daban-daban. An saita kuɗin fiton da aka sanya wa motocin EV na China yadda ya kamata don toshe wannan ɓangaren kasuwar Amurka gaba ɗaya.
An fara wani bita na shekaru huɗu na tilas na biyu a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2026, wanda ke bai wa masana'antun cikin gida damar neman a tsawaita matakan farko na 2018. Ana sa ran matakan harajin za su ƙare ta atomatik a bikin cika shekaru huɗu da suka yi ba tare da wata adawa ba, amma a tarihi tsarin bitar ya tsawaita maimakon soke su, kuma ƙwararrun masana kaɗan ne ke tsammanin wannan zagayen zai ƙare daban.
Sashe na Yanzu na 301 Ƙimar Ma'auni ta Jeri
| Jerin Sashe na 301 | Ranar Amfani | Matsakaicin Matsayin Rage | Misalin Rufewa |
| list 1 | Yuli 6, 2018 | 25% | Injinan masana'antu, sassan sararin samaniya |
| list 2 | Agusta 23, 2018 | 25% | Roba, sinadarai, semiconductors |
| list 3 | Satumba 21, 2018 | 25% | Kayayyakin masu amfani da masana'antu masu faɗi |
| Jeri na 4A | Agusta 20, 2019 (daga baya an rage shi, sannan aka daidaita shi) | 7.5% | Tufafi, takalma, kayan lantarki na masu amfani |
| Ƙara yawan ɓangarorin dabaru | An tsara shi a lokaci guda, daga Satumba 2024 zuwa Janairu 2026 | 25% zuwa 100% | EVs, batirin EV, ƙwayoyin hasken rana, cranes, sirinji, ma'adanai masu mahimmanci |
| Aikin tilas | Yuli 24, 2026 | 12.5% | Duk samfuran asalin China ne, babu keɓantattun samfura |
Tun daga shekarar 2022, wani tsari daban kuma mai tsauri na keɓancewa ya shafe zagaye da dama na tsawaitawa kuma yanzu ya ƙunshi layukan samfura 178, waɗanda suka haɗa da keɓancewa gabaɗaya 164 da keɓancewa 14 ga kayan aikin samar da hasken rana. A ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar cinikin da aka tsara a taron Trump da Xi na Nuwamba 2025, irin waɗannan keɓancewa suna aiki har zuwa 10 ga Nuwamba, 2026, kuma babu wani sabon taga na buƙatar keɓancewa da zai buɗe a halin yanzu.
IEEPA: Tashi, Isarwa, da Juyawa
Harajin IEEPA shine mafi fadi kuma mafi bayyana a cikin ajandar cinikayya ta 2025, kuma ba wai kawai an sanya shi ga China ba, har ma da kusan dukkan abokan cinikin Amurka da sunan warware manyan gibin ciniki mai ɗorewa. Farashin ya bambanta a kowace ƙasa kuma ana canza shi akai-akai a cikin yarjejeniyoyin biyu. Wannan shine ɗayan dalilan da ya sa masu shigo da kaya da yawa suka ga lokacin a matsayin abin da ake sa ran zai faru maimakon farashi mai ɗorewa.
Wannan ginin ya yi tashin gwauron zabi a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2026, lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci kan Learning Resources, Inc. da Trump da kuma karar da aka hada da Trump da VOS Selections, Inc. Babban Alkali Roberts, wanda ke rubuta wa Kotun, ya gano cewa Shugaban kasar ba shi da ikon amfani da harajin karkashin IEEPA, yana mai tabbatar da hukuncin da Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Amurka ta yanke a baya na Hukumar Zartar da Shari'a ta Tarayya. Hukuncin bai kawo karshen karbar harajin nan take ba; Hukumar Kwastam da Kare Iyakoki ta Amurka ta bukaci umarnin zartarwa don warware harajin, wanda gwamnati ta bayar cikin sauri cikin awanni a matsayin umarnin soke sanarwar harajin IEEPA.
Na gaba a cikin ajandar ita ce mayar da kuɗi, waɗanda har yanzu rabin adadinsu ne. Umarnin da ya soke harajin IEEPA bai fayyace yadda maida kuɗi zai yi aiki ba, wanda ya bar masu shigo da kaya da suka yi fice, masu siye da suka yi ƙasa da ƙasa, da kuma abokan ciniki na ƙarshe su gano tsakaninsu waɗanda ke karɓar kuɗin da aka mayar musu daga harajin da aka saba biya ta hanyar sarkar samar da kayayyaki maimakon a sha su a wurin shigo da kaya. Wannan tambayar rabon kuɗi har yanzu ana shari'a a shari'o'in aji watanni bayan hukuncin.
Sashe na 122: Gadar Kwanaki 150
Sa'o'i kalilan bayan hukuncin Kotun Koli, gwamnati ta fitar da Sanarwa mai lamba 11012, tana mai ikirarin Sashe na 122 na Dokar Ciniki ta 1974 ya sanya harajin kashi 10 cikin 100 na wucin gadi kan kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su daga yawancin kasashe, ciki har da China. Dokar ta ba da damar karin kashi har zuwa kashi 15 cikin 100 har zuwa kwanaki 150 ba tare da tsawaita dokar Majalisa ba, kuma gwamnati ta yi amfani da matsakaicin karin kudin da aka amince da shi. Kwana guda bayan sanarwar farko, Shugaban ya bayyana cewa harajin zai karu zuwa kashi 15 cikin 100 ga dukkan kasashe.
Jerin keɓancewa na Sashe na 122 ya fi kama da tsohon ƙarin kuɗin da aka ware daga IEEPA, yana ɗauke da kusan irin waɗannan abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don kayayyaki kamar magunguna, wasu kayan lantarki, ma'adanai masu mahimmanci, da kayayyaki masu cancantar USMCA daga Kanada da Mexico. An riƙe takamaiman kuɗin fito na Sashe na 232 da Sashe na 301 kuma an ci gaba da aiki tare da sabon ƙarin kuɗin, maimakon maye gurbinsa da shi.
Shari'ar da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 122 ta yi ƙarfi fiye da yadda gwamnati ta tsara. A ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2026, wani kwamitin alkalai uku da suka raba kan Kotun Ciniki ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa sun yanke hukunci a shari'ar Oregon da Amurka da Burlap da Barrel, Inc. da Amurka cewa kashi 10 cikin 100 na harajin Sashe na 122 bai yi daidai ba bisa ƙa'idojinta kawai, amma sun ƙi bayar da umarnin gama gari da kuma sassauci ga takamaiman masu ƙara a gabanta. Gwamnati ta ɗaukaka ƙara, kuma a zahiri, yawancin masu shigo da kaya sun ci gaba da biyan ƙarin yayin da ake ci gaba da ɗaukaka ƙara.
Ma'anar ta kasance ta ɗan ilimi, domin lokacin shari'a ya ƙare ko ta yaya shari'ar ta tafi. An iyakance ƙarin caji na Sashe na 122 zuwa kwanaki 150 bisa ga doka, kuma wannan wa'adin ya ƙare a ranar ƙarshe ta Yuli 2026, wanda ya rufe kashi 10 cikin 100 na ƙimar China akan lokaci, ko kotuna suna da kalmar ƙarshe game da ingancinta ko a'a.
Me Ya Sauya Sashe na 122 a ranar 24 ga Yuli
Gwamnatin ba ta bari ƙarin kuɗin da aka ƙara na Sashe na 122 ya ɓace ba. A ranar 12 ga Maris, 2026, USTR ta riga ta ƙaddamar da sabbin bincike na Sashe na 301 kan ƙasashe 60 na duniya, ciki har da China, saboda gazawar kafa da aiwatar da dokar hana shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen waje da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar tilasta yin aiki. An bayar da shawarar rage harajin kashi 12.5 cikin ɗari a ranar 2 ga Yuni, tare da lokacin yin tsokaci har zuwa farkon Yuli da kuma lokacin zaman sauraren ƙara a ranar 7 ga Yuli.
Hukumar Kula da Kayayyakin Lantarki ta Amurka (USTR) ta kammala sabon harajin ne a ranar 23 ga Yuli, kuma ya fara aiki da ƙarfe 12:01 na safe agogon Gabas a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2026, a daidai lokacin da tsohon ƙarin haraji na Sashe na 122 ya ƙare. A ƙarƙashin sabon matakin, ƙasashen da suka yi alƙawarin dakatar da shigo da kaya ta hanyar tilastawa suna biyan tarar kashi 10 cikin ɗari, yayin da waɗanda ba su biya ba, ciki har da China, suka biya kashi 12.5 cikin ɗari. Ya dogara ne akan ƙasar asali, lokaci, ba tare da la'akari da tashar jiragen ruwa ko ƙasar da jigilar kaya ke tashi ba, kuma ba shi da ranar faɗuwar rana ko matsakaicin farashi, ba kamar kuɗin Sashe na 122 na wucin gadi da ya maye gurbin ba.
Ƙanƙantar keɓewa a cikin sufuri ya rage yawan kayayyakin da ke cikin ruwa, kayan da aka ɗora a jirgin ruwansa na ƙarshe kafin ranar 24 ga Yuli kuma an yarda a ci su kafin ranar 28 ga Yuli sun guji hauhawar farashin kaya, amma kawai ga jigilar kaya a teku. Kayayyakin jiragen sama, jirgin ƙasa da manyan motoci ba su sami wannan lokacin ba, wanda ya kama wasu jigilar kayayyaki cikin sauri da na ƙetare iyaka ba zato ba tsammani.
Tattara Hakkoki a kan Jigilar Kaya ta Gaske
Don haka ga kasuwancin da ke shigo da kayan kicin daga Guangdong a yau, lissafin farashin ƙasa yawanci yana tara abubuwa uku: tushen kuɗin harajin ƙasa mafi soyuwa daga jadawalin kuɗin fito na gabaɗaya, duk abin da ƙimar Sashe na 301 ta shafi rarrabuwar HTS na wannan samfurin a ƙarƙashin Jerin 1 zuwa 4A ko kuma daga baya ɓangaren dabarun ya ƙaru, kuma yanzu kashi 12.5 cikin ɗari na harajin aiki na Sashe na 301 na tilastawa a sama. Harajin Sashe na 232 daban-daban akan ƙarfe, aluminum da jan ƙarfe suna aiki kamar yadda ya dace. Ƙarin kuɗin Sashe na 122 da ƙimar IEEPA mai dawowa ana cire su ne kawai daga lissafin shigarwar da aka shigar bayan kwanakin ƙarshe.
Wannan shine ainihin inda mahimmancin daidaiton rarrabuwa ya fara wuce gona da iri ga yawancin masu shigo da kaya. An ayyana ɗaukar hoto da keɓewa a ƙarƙashin sabon aikin tilastawa a matakin HTS mai lambobi 10, kuma zato na matakin babi bai isa ya gano ko layin samfurin da aka bayar ya cancanci keɓewa na musamman ga wurin da ya samo asali ba. Rashin rarrabawa ta kowace hanya yana haifar da biyan haraji fiye da kima akan shigarwar da ya kamata ta cancanci sassauci, ko kuma ya rage ƙimar harajin da za a biya kuma yana haifar da binciken bayan shiga.
Abin da Wannan ke nufi ga masu siyarwa daga China
Tasirin gyare-gyaren wannan shekarar bai yi kama da na baya-bayan nan ba, amma duk da haka gaskiya ne ga kamfanonin kasuwanci ta intanet da ƙananan masu shigo da kaya. Kawar da abubuwan IEEPA da Sashe na 122 sun rage babban ɓangare na farashin daga nau'ikan samfura da yawa, musamman yadi da tufafi inda hauhawar farashi da suka shafi haraji yanzu ya ragu zuwa ko ma ƙasa da matakan 2024. Rukunonin da aka ci gaba da rufewa a ƙarƙashin laima na Sashe na 232 da Sashe na 301, gami da kwamfutoci, kayan lantarki, kayan lantarki da kayayyakin ƙarfe da aka ƙera, sun riƙe mafi yawan ƙarin farashinsu tun bayan da harajin zamanin IEEPA ya shuɗe.
Bincike daga Bankin Tarayya na New York ya gano cewa yawancin kuɗin harajin, a mafi yawan shekarar 2025, an biya su ne a cikin gida, da fiye da kashi 90 cikin 100. Abin tunatarwa ne mai taimako cewa ƙarancin kuɗin kanun labarai a kan takarda ba ya fassara zuwa kayayyaki masu rahusa ta atomatik lokacin biyan kuɗi; galibi yana ƙayyade wanda ke cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta Amurka zai ɗauki bambancin. Kamfanoni da yawa da suka yi tsammanin sauya shekar a ranar 24 ga Yuli zai rage farashin saukar jiragensu sun ga aikin tilastawa ya soke fa'ida ko duka daga ɓacewar ƙarin kuɗin Sashe na 122.
Darasi na biyu na wannan shekarar shine cewa tsarin jadawalin kuɗin fito yanzu dole ne ya ɗauki babban sauyi, ba ƙasa da haka ba. A cikin watanni goma sha biyu, an tsara jadawalin kuɗin fito na China ta hanyar dokoki daban-daban guda uku, kuma an riga an fara aiwatar da tsarin sake dubawa na huɗu - kimantawa ta biyu ta doka ta shekaru huɗu na farkon shari'ar Sashe na 301 na 2018 - wanda wataƙila za a kammala daga baya a 2026. Kwangiloli, farashi da yanke shawara kan farashi na yau da kullun waɗanda ake tsammanin farashin yau zai kasance na tsawon shekara ɗaya babban fare ne mai haɗari a tarihin yanzu.
Gudanar da Bangaren Jigilar Kayayyaki Yayin da Dokokin Ke Ci Gaba da Motsi
Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan da ke canza manyan hanyoyin fitar da kayayyaki daga masana'antar China zuwa wani rumbun ajiya na Amurka, amma yana ƙara farashin yin kuskuren rubuta takardu. Jigilar kaya da aka yi kuskure a matakin HTS, aka makara kwana ɗaya don lokacin keɓewa, ko kuma aka tura ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba don keɓancewa a cikin sufuri na iya canza ƙimar haraji mai ma'ana zuwa mafi girma. Nan ne ƙimar abokin hulɗa na kayan aiki ya shigo - musamman inda share kwastam da takardu suke ɓangare na babban kasuwancin, ba tunani na baya ba.
Kamfanin Topway Shipping da ke Shenzhen, wanda ke gudanar da harkokinsa tun daga shekarar 2010, ya gina kasuwancinsa ne kawai bisa ga irin wannan sarkar sufuri daga China zuwa Amurka. Ƙungiyar da ta kafa kamfanin tana da fiye da shekaru 15 na gogewa a fannin jigilar kaya da kwastam na duniya, musamman a kan hanyar China da Amurka wadda ta kasance cibiyar kowace canjin kuɗin da aka ambata a sama. Kamfanin yana samar da jigilar kaya daga masana'antun China, da na ƙasashen waje daga ɓangaren Amurka. warewa, izinin kwastam, da kuma isar da kaya ta ƙarshe ga mai amfani na ƙarshe. Zaɓuɓɓukan jigilar kaya na teku masu sassauƙa waɗanda ke ɗauke da kwantena da waɗanda ba su kai kwantena ba suna samuwa ga manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a duk faɗin duniya.
Ga masu siyarwa da ke ƙoƙarin bin jadawalin kuɗin fito wanda aka canza sau uku a cikin shekara guda, irin wannan ɗaukar hoto daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe yana rage adadin masu siyarwa masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaitawa daidai don guje wa kuskure mai tsada. Kamar yadda yake ƙara zama ruwan dare maimakon banda a cikin 2026, tare da sanarwar makonni kaɗan, samun maki ɗaya na lamba Sa ido kan jigilar kaya daga asali zuwa izini zuwa isarwa ta ƙarshe yana sauƙaƙa amsawa da sauri lokacin da sabon farashi, lokacin keɓewa ko wa'adin lokacin shigar da kaya ya bayyana.
Misali Mai Aiki
Ka yi la'akari da jigilar ƙananan kayan kicin waɗanda aka rarraba su ƙarƙashin lambar HTS ta Jerin 3, tare da ƙimar ƙasa mafi soyuwa ta ƙasa ta kashi 3.5. Wannan jigilar za ta kasance ƙarƙashin ƙimar tushe ta kashi 3.5, harajin Sashe na 301 na Jerin 3 na kashi 25, da duk wani ƙimar IEEPA da aka yi amfani da ita ga China a lokacin, yawanci ya wuce jimillar kashi 50, kafin Fabrairu 2026. Bayan 24 ga Yuli, 2026, jigilar makamancin haka za ta kasance ƙarƙashin ƙimar tushe ta kashi 3.5, ƙimar Sashe na 301 na kashi 25 da sabon harajin tilastawa na kashi 12.5, wanda ke haifar da jimillar ƙimar a cikin ƙananan shekaru zuwa tsakiyar shekaru 40, ba tare da ƙara IEEPA ko ɓangaren Sashe na 122 ba.
Sauyin da aka samu ya yi kama da ƙaramin takarda, amma abubuwa biyu suna da muhimmanci ga duk wanda ke da kasafin kuɗi a kansa. Na farko, ba kamar ƙarin kuɗin Sashe na 122 ba, harajin tilastawa ba ya ƙunshi ranar ƙarewa iri ɗaya a cikin Dokar, don haka, masu shigo da kaya ba za su yi tsammanin zai bi hanyar ƙarin kuɗin kwanaki 150 ba. Na biyu, saboda an ayyana ƙimar a matakin HTS mai lambobi 10, ba matakin babi ba, samfura biyu da suka yi kama da juna a cikin jerin kayan tattara kaya na iya samun jimillar jimillar farashi daban-daban, ya danganta da cikakkun bayanai na rarrabuwa waɗanda dillalin kwastam, ba binciken labaran kuɗin fito na gabaɗaya ba, ya fi dacewa ya tabbatar.
Abin Kallon Gaba
Har yanzu akwai wasu zare-zare da za a ɗaure har zuwa sauran shekarar 2026. Bita na biyu na doka na shekaru huɗu na farkon shari'ar Sashe na 301 na 2018, wanda aka fara a ranar 6 ga Mayu, shine karɓar ra'ayoyin masana'antu kan shari'ar Yuli 2018 zuwa 5 ga Yuli da kuma kan shari'ar Agusta 2018 zuwa 22 ga Agusta, tare da yanke shawara kan ko waɗannan harajin za su ci gaba da kasancewa bayan haka. Yawancin lauyoyin ciniki suna roƙon abokan ciniki da su shirya ci gaba, maimakon ƙarewa, yayin da zagayen bita na farko ya ƙare da faɗaɗawa, maimakon cirewa.
A wani ɓangare kuma, a farkon watan Yuni, USTR ta nemi ra'ayoyi kan shawarar da aka gabatar kan Hukumar Kasuwanci don kula da babbar dangantakar cinikayya tsakanin Amurka da China, wani ra'ayi da aka gabatar bayan taron Trump da Xi a watan Mayun 2026. Har yanzu ba a san irin ikon da wannan hukumar za ta ɗauka ba, kuma idan hakan ya shafi ƙimar kuɗin fito na gaba, za a gani. Gwamnatin ta kuma yi amfani da Sashe na 301 a wajen China a wannan shekarar, gami da shawarar da aka gabatar na kashi 25 cikin ɗari na harajin da za a biya kan harkokin cinikayyar Brazil, wanda ke nuna cewa gwamnatin na shirin dogara da Sashe na 301 a matsayin babban kayan aikinta na dindindin yanzu da IEEPA ba ta samu ba.
A halin yanzu, ƙarin kuɗin da aka ƙara a Sashe na 122 yana kan ƙorafi daga hukuncin Kotun Ciniki ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa da aka yanke a kansa, kuma hukuncin na iya zama da muhimmanci ga batutuwan mayar da kuɗi da ke tafiya a kotuna, la'akari da cewa ƙarin kuɗin ya riga ya ƙare a lokacin da doka ta tanada. A gefe guda kuma, Kotun Ƙoli ta ƙi sake duba ƙalubalen da aka fuskanta kan ainihin kuɗin da aka ƙara a Sashe na 301 na China na 2018, wanda ya bar hukuncin da Hukumar Tarayya ta yanke a baya cewa USTR tana da ikon gyara waɗannan kuɗin da zarar an fara sanya su - cire wata hanyar kai hari don ƙalubalantar tushen shari'a na wannan shirin a nan gaba.
Kammalawa
IEEPA, Sashe na 301, da Sashe na 122 sun ba da damuwa guda uku na shari'a masu zaman kansu. Amma a kan shigar kwastam ɗaya, suna aiki a matsayin matakai na haraji iri ɗaya. Sashe na 301 ya kasance mafi juriya daga cikin ukun, waɗanda suka tsira daga ƙalubalen shari'a da sake dubawa da aka fara a cikin 2018 kuma yanzu ya ƙara faɗaɗa ta hanyar buƙatar tilasta aiki da ta fara aiki a watan Yulin 2026. IEEPA ita ce mafi rauni, ta faɗi a gaban Kotun Koli bayan ta kasance kayan aiki mafi sauri da faɗi na gwamnati na kimanin shekara guda. An tsara Sashe na 122 koyaushe don ya zama na ɗan lokaci, kuma ya yi aiki kamarsa, yana ƙarewa a ranar ƙarewar doka komai yadda aka yanke hukunci kan ƙalubalen shari'arsa.
Darasin da ya dace ga duk wanda ke shigo da kaya daga China shi ne kawai cewa tushen doka na harajin ya canza a wannan shekarar, ba wai cewa sun zama mafi sauƙi ba. Hanya mafi kyau don guje wa kamuwa da shi ta hanyar gyara na gaba, duk lokacin da ya faru, ita ce a ci gaba da kimanta farashin ƙasa, a bi jerin keɓancewa na matakin HTS maimakon taƙaitawa na matakin babi, sannan a dogara ga abokan hulɗa na jigilar kaya waɗanda ke bin diddigin waɗannan canje-canje a matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukansu na yau da kullun.
FAQs
T: Shin harajin IEEPA da aka sanya wa China har yanzu yana aiki a shekarar 2026?
A: Ba ko kaɗan ba. Kotun Koli ta soke IEEPA a matsayin tushen doka na harajin haraji a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2026, kuma gwamnati ta soke sanarwar da ta dace a ranar.
T: Me ya maye gurbin ƙarin kuɗin Sashe na 122 lokacin da ya ƙare?
A: Sabon Sashe na 301 na tilasta yin aiki ya fara aiki a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2026, a lokaci guda kuma ƙarin kuɗin Sashe na 122 na kwanaki 150 ya ƙare, wanda ya caji China da ƙayyadadden kashi 12.5 cikin ɗari.
T: Shin har yanzu harajin Sashe na 232 yana aiki fiye da komai?
A: Eh. Sashe na 232 cajin ƙarfe, aluminum, jan ƙarfe da abubuwan da suka samo asali yana ci gaba da aiki kuma ana ƙididdige su daban da ayyukan sashe na 301.
T: Akwai wani sassauci ga kayan da aka riga aka aika lokacin da ƙa'idodi suka canza?
A: Akwai iyakataccen keɓancewa a cikin jigilar kaya ga kayan da aka ɗora a cikin jirgin ruwa kafin 24 ga Yuli, 2026 kuma aka shigar kafin 28 ga Yuli, 2026 amma ba don jigilar jiragen sama, jirgin ƙasa ko manyan motoci ba.
T: Ta yaya masu shigo da kaya za su iya rage haɗarin jinkirin jigilar kaya da ya shafi kuɗin fito?
A: Yin aiki tare da abokin hulɗa na jigilar kaya kamar Topway Shipping wanda ke iya sarrafa rarrabuwa, share kwastam da isar da kaya a lokaci guda yana ba ku damar guje wa kurakurai masu tsada ta hanyar kama kwanakin keɓewa da buƙatun matakin HTS da wuri.
