Tasirin Carbon na jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Ireland: Abin da za a auna
Gabatarwa
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, hanyar tattalin arziki tsakanin China da Ireland ta tashi a hankali amma a hankali. Ireland ta dogara ne da kayayyakin da aka yi a China don komai, tun daga kayan lantarki da magunguna zuwa kayan masarufi da sassan masana'antu. Wannan yana nufin dubban kwantena suna yin wannan tafiya kowace shekara. Amma ga yawancin ƙungiyoyi, tasirin carbon na wannan jigilar kaya wani tunani ne na baya-bayan nan, wanda aka ɓoye a cikin rahoton dorewa wanda babu wanda ke wajen kwamitin gudanarwa da ke karantawa.
Wannan yana canzawa da sauri. A watan Janairun 2024, an faɗaɗa Tsarin Ciniki na Tarayyar Turai na fitar da hayaki zuwa jiragen ruwa. A watan Janairun 2025, Dokar Ruwa ta FuelEU ta fara aiki. Ƙungiyar Jiragen Ruwa ta Duniya ta ba da izinin amfani da Tsarin Net-Zero a watan Afrilun 2025. Za a iya kada kuri'a ta ƙarshe kan ko za a amince da shi ko a'a a watan Oktoban 2026. A zahiri, wannan yana nufin cewa farashin carbon ba lamba ba ce kawai; yanzu an haɗa shi a cikin takardun kuɗin jigilar kaya, zaɓin siyayya, da kuma binciken sarkar samar da kayayyaki.
Wannan rubutun ya rage hayaniya kuma ya kai ga tushen matsalar ga masu jigilar kaya a layin China-Ireland: me ya kamata ku auna? Ta yaya za ku iya gano sawun carbon ɗinku ta hanyar da ta dace da ƙa'idodin ESG na abokin ciniki, ta wuce binciken ƙa'idoji, kuma ta taimaka muku yanke shawarwari mafi kyau game da sufuri?
Dalilin da yasa Layin Kaya na China-Ireland ke da Nasa Kalubalen Carbon
Da sauƙi a ce Ireland tana kan iyakar yammacin Turai, amma idan ka duba taswira, za ka ga abin da ke nufi ga jirgin ruwa da ke barin Shanghai ko Shenzhen. A da, hanyar da ta fi kai tsaye ita ce ta hanyar Suez Canal, zuwa Bahar Rum, sannan arewa zuwa Tashar Ingila. Duk da haka, tun lokacin da hare-haren Houthi a Tekun Bahar Maliya suka ƙara muni a watan Disamba na 2023, yawancin jigilar kwantena dole ne su zagaya Cape of Good Hope, wanda ke ƙara kusan mil 3,500 zuwa 4,000 na ruwa ga kowace tafiya.
Wannan hanyar canja wurin tana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen gano hayakin da ke fitowa. Xeneta da Marine Benchmark sun fitar da bayanai a watan Afrilun 2025 wanda ya nuna cewa fitar da hayakin da ke jigilar kwantena a duniya ya kai tan miliyan 240.6 na CO2 a shekarar 2024. Wannan ya nuna karuwar kashi 14% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2023, galibi saboda tsawon hanyar. Ga mai jigilar kaya a kan hanyar China-Ireland, hanyar canja wurin kawai za ta iya ƙara kashi 15 zuwa 20% ga tasirin carbon na fakiti idan aka kwatanta da yadda take kafin shekarar 2023.
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Dublin ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta kwantena a Ireland, amma Cork (Ringaskiddy) ita ma tana kula da harkokin kasuwanci masu zurfi a cikin teku. Jiragen ruwa da ke tsayawa a waɗannan tashoshin dole ne su bi ƙa'idodin EU ETS. Wannan yana nufin cewa hayakin da ke faruwa a kan hanya yana ƙarƙashin tsarin farashin carbon na EU, ko da kuwa inda aka yi wa jirgin alama.
Abin da za a auna: Ma'aunin Carbon da ke da Muhimmanci
Ma'aunin Fitar da Iska a Yanayin Sufuri
Yanayin sufuri da ka zaɓa yana da tasiri mafi girma akan sawun carbon ɗin da kake ɗauka, ba yadda jirgin ke ƙona mai sosai ba. Bambancin ƙarfin carbon tsakanin iska da jigilar kaya a wannan hanyar ba ƙarami ba ne; kusan 30 zuwa 1 ne. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya bayyana wannan a sarari:
| Yanayin Sufuri | An ƙiyasta CO₂e ga kowace TEU | Lokacin Sufuri (China→Ireland) | Farashin Dangi | An rufe EU ETS? |
| Jirgin Ruwa na Tekun (FCL) | ~ 2,100 kg | 25-35 kwanaki | low | Kashi ɗaya (50%) |
| Jirgin Ruwa na Tekun (LCL) | ~2,400 kg* | 30-40 kwanaki | Ƙananan-Matsakaici | Kashi ɗaya (50%) |
| Jirgin Kaya | ~ 65,000 kg | 3-7 kwanaki | Very High | A'a |
| Rail (China-Turai) | ~ 900 kg | 18-22 kwanaki | Medium | A'a |
| Hanya (Trans-Siberia) | ~ 8,500 kg | 20-30 kwanaki | Medium | M |
* Jigilar kaya ta LCL tana da mafi girman sawun TEU tunda ba sa haɗa kaya sosai. Duk lambobi ƙiyasin ƙididdiga ne kawai bisa Tsarin GLEC da ISO 14083:2023.
Sakon a bayyane yake: idan dorewa tana da mahimmanci, jigilar kaya a teku ita ce hanya mafi kyau ta jigilar kaya marasa gaggawa a layin China-Ireland. Gadar ƙasa ta China-Turai wuri ne mai kyau na tafiye-tafiyen jirgin ƙasa domin tana da sauri fiye da teku kuma ba ta da iska mai amfani da iska mai yawa. Duk da haka, ya zama da wahala a yi tafiya ta Rasha a fannin dabaru tun daga shekarar 2022.
Distance da Hanyar hanya
Lissafin hayakin da aka yi bisa tsawon layin madaidaiciya daga tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa zai ba ku ƙasa da adadin da kuke da shi. ISO 14083:2023 da Tsarin Majalisar Haɗakar Jiragen Ruwa ta Duniya (GLEC) sun ce ya kamata a yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin nisan da za a iya samu don ainihin hanyar da aka ɗauka, ba layin madaidaiciya da aka tsara ba. Nisan tafiya daga Shanghai zuwa Dublin yanzu ya fi kusa da mil 14,000 na ruwa maimakon mil 11,000 na ruwa da aka ruwaito kafin 2024. Wannan saboda jirgin yana zagayawa a Cape of Good Hope maimakon Suez Canal. Idan tsarin bayar da rahoton carbon ɗinku har yanzu yana amfani da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su kafin karkatar da su, wataƙila lambobinku sun ragu da kashi 20% ko fiye.
Ƙarfin Fitar da Jirgin Ruwa
Akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin jiragen ruwa masu ɗaukar kaya. Lokacin tafiya da cikakken ƙarfin aiki a kan jigilar kaya mai yawan kaya, jirgin ruwa mai girman 20,000-TEU mai girman gaske zai fitar da ƙarancin CO2 a kowace tan fiye da tsohon jirgin ruwa mai ciyar da kaya mai nauyin 6,000-TEU wanda ke aiki da kashi 60%. A ƙarƙashin tsarin EU MRV (Sa ido, Rahoto, da Tabbatarwa), dole ne masu ɗaukar kaya su gabatar da bayanan hayaki ga kowane jirgi. Wannan bayanin yana samuwa ga jama'a ta hanyar Hukumar Tsaron Jiragen Ruwa ta Turai (EMSA). Yana da kyau a tambayi mai ɗaukar kaya ƙimar Carbon Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Integration (CII), wanda sikelin daga A (mafi kyau) zuwa E (mafi muni) ne da IMO ta fito da shi don nuna yadda jirgin ruwa yake da inganci.
Nauyin Load da Nauyin Cargo
Kasonka na fitar da hayakin jirgin ya dogara ne akan nauyin kayanka idan aka kwatanta da jimlar nauyin dukkan kayan. ISO 14083 yana goyan bayan wannan hanyar auna nisan kilomita. A zahiri, wannan yana nufin cewa jigilar kaya mai nauyi, irin wannan akwati na injuna, yana da babban rabo na hayakin tafiya fiye da kwantena na kayan masarufi masu sauƙi, koda kuwa duka suna wuri ɗaya. Mutanen da ke jigilar kaya masu nauyi ya kamata su san cewa rabon carbon ɗinsu zai dogara ne akan nauyi, ba girma ba.
Kafafun da Ke Kan Kekunan da Ke Kan Kekunan
Tasirin hayakin carbon da ake samu daga jigilar kaya tsakanin China da Ireland ba ya farawa da ƙarewa daga ƙofofin tashar jiragen ruwa. Yarjejeniyar GHG ta ce cikakken kimantawar hayakin Scope 3 ya shafi jigilar manyan motoci ko layin dogo na mil ɗaya daga samarwa a Lardin Guangdong zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Shenzhen ko Shanghai, da kuma isar da mil na ƙarshe daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Dublin ko Cork zuwa ga abokin ciniki na ƙarshe ko ma'ajiyar kaya. Mutane galibi suna mantawa da waɗannan hanyoyin cikin gida, duk da haka suna iya kaiwa kashi 5 zuwa 15% na dukkan sawun ƙafa daga ƙofa zuwa ƙofa, ya danganta da nisan da suke.
Bayanan Bayani: Ma'aunin Carbon Mai Muhimmanci don Layin Tekun China-Ireland
| tsarin awo | darajar | Notes |
| Kimanin nisan teku (Shanghai → Dublin) | ~ mil 14,000 na teku (ta Cape) | Juyawa daga Tekun Bahar Maliya tun daga Disamba 2023 |
| Daidaitaccen ma'aunin fitar da iskar GLEC (jirgin kwantena) | ~15–17 g CO₂e / tan-km | Tsarin ISO 14083 / GLEC |
| CO₂e ga kowace akwati mai tsawon ƙafa 20 (FCL, teku) | 2,000-2,200 kg | Ya bambanta da girman jirgin ruwa da nauyin kaya |
| CO₂e ga kowace kilogiram 100 na kaya (jigilar iska) | ~ 645 kg | Kimanta masana'antar jigilar kaya mai ƙarfi |
| Ƙungiyar EU ETS (tafiye-tafiyen da ba na EU ba) | Kashi 50% na hayakin da ake fitarwa daga tafiye-tafiye | Tun daga watan Janairun 2024 |
| Manufar rage ƙarfin GHG na FuelEU (2025) | −2% idan aka kwatanta da 2020 | Ƙaruwa zuwa -80% nan da shekarar 2050 |
| Jigilar kwantena ta duniya CO₂ (2024) | Tan miliyan 240.6 | Babban rikodin; sama da kashi 14% daga 2023 |
Majiyoyi: Bayanan OECD Maritime Transport CO₂ (2024); Xeneta / Marine Benchmark (Afrilu 2025); Bayanan Hanyar Kaya Mai Sauƙi; Dokar Tarayyar Turai ta FuelEU Maritime (EU) 2023/1805; Tsarin GLEC v3.
Tsarin Dokokin: Abin da ke Aiki Yanzu da Abin da ke Zuwa
A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, ƙa'idojin jigilar kaya a teku sun canza sosai, kuma suna canzawa da sauri yanzu. Duk wani kasuwanci da ke jigilar kayayyaki da yawa tsakanin China da Ireland dole ne ya san yadda wannan ƙasa take aiki.
Hukumar EU ETS ta fara aiki a jigilar kaya ta teku tun daga watan Janairun 2024. Jiragen ruwa da ke da nauyin tan 5,000 ko fiye dole ne su daina bayar da tallafin EU (EUAs) wanda ke rufe kashi 50% na hayakin da ake fitarwa yayin tafiye-tafiye tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa ta EU da tashar jiragen ruwa da ba ta EU ba. Wannan yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga jiragen ruwa da ke zuwa daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na China zuwa Dublin ko Cork. Farashin carbon a cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta ruwa a bayyane yake: masu jigilar kaya suna mika wannan farashin ga masu jigilar kaya ta hanyar ƙarin kuɗin mai. Farashin kuɗi yana canzawa tare da farashin carbon na EUA, wanda ya kasance tsakanin €50 zuwa €80 kowace tan a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Dokar Ruwa ta FuelEU, wadda ta fara aiki gaba ɗaya a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2025, ta ƙara wani mataki. Ta ce adadin iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli da jiragen ruwa da ke ziyartar tashoshin jiragen ruwa na EU ke fitarwa dole ne ya ragu da kashi 2% a shekarar 2025 fiye da yadda yake a shekarar 2020. Wannan burin zai ƙara tsauri duk bayan shekaru biyar har sai ya kai ga raguwar kashi 80% nan da shekarar 2050. Nan da ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2026, masu tantancewa dole ne su sami rahoton farko na bin ƙa'idodin FuelEU wanda ya ƙunshi bayanai daga 2025. Jiragen ruwan da ba su bi ƙa'idodi ba za su biya tara kuma za a iyakance ayyukansu.
An amince da Tsarin Net-Zero na IMO a lokacin taron MEPC 83 a watan Afrilun 2025, wanda aka gudanar a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Wannan tsarin ya haɗa da tsarin farashin carbon na duniya da kuma buƙatar man fetur na GHG ga jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke da nauyin tan sama da 5,000. Waɗannan jiragen ruwa suna samar da kashi 85% na dukkan hayakin CO2 da ake fitarwa. Duk da haka, an dage amincewa da tsarin a hukumance a zaman MEPC na musamman a watan Oktoban 2025. Yanzu za a sake zaɓen sabuwar kaɗa ƙuri'a a watan Oktoban 2026, kuma ana sa ran tsarin zai fara aiki a 2027 ko 2028. Jinkirin ya sa abubuwa ba su bayyana ba, amma an tsara alkiblar tafiya.
Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna muhimman abubuwan da ya kamata masu jigilar kaya su kula da su:
| shekara | Ka'ida / Event | Tasiri ga jigilar kaya tsakanin China da EU |
| 2024 | EU ETS ta tsawaita jigilar kaya zuwa jigilar kaya | Jiragen ruwa suna biyan kashi 50% na hayakin da ake fitarwa a tafiye-tafiye tsakanin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na EU da wadanda ba na EU ba |
| Jan 2025 | Kamfanin FuelEU Maritime ya fara aiki | Dole ne ƙarfin GHG ya faɗi da kashi 2% idan aka kwatanta da 2020; sa ido da bayar da rahoto sun fara |
| Jan 2026 | Rahoton FuelEU na farko ya zo | Masu tantancewa sun tantance bayanan shekarar 2025; jiragen ruwa marasa bin doka suna fuskantar hukunci |
| 2027 | Tsarin IMO Net-Zero (ana tsammanin) | Farashin carbon na duniya ga jiragen ruwa sama da GT 5,000 idan aka amince da shi a watan Oktoban 2026 |
| 2028-2035 | An fara cimma burin rage GHG na IMO | Manufofin ci gaba da ƙarfin mai; jiragen ruwa marasa bin ƙa'ida suna biyan sassan gyara |
| 2030 | EU ba ta fitar da hayaki a wurin sauka (jirgin ruwan kwantena) | Dole jiragen ruwan kwantena su yi amfani da fasahar OPS ko fasahar sifili a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na EU |
| 2040 | Manufar IMO: −65% ƙarfin carbon | Ana sa ran babban sauyi a rundunar jiragen ruwa; Ana buƙatar LNG, ammonia, e-methanol |
| 2050 | IMO/FuelEU ƙwallo sifili | Cikakken manufar rage gurɓataccen iskar carbon don jigilar kaya na ƙasashen waje |
Yadda Ake Lissafin Tafin Kaya na Carbon Daidai
Tsarin GLEC v3 da ISO 14083:2023 su ne ƙa'idodin da aka yi amfani da su don fito da wata hanya ta zahiri don gano hayakin da ke fitowa daga layin China zuwa Ireland. An daidaita waɗannan ƙa'idodi don rage rarrabuwar tsarin bayar da rahoto. Tsarin da aka tsara don ƙafar teku shine kamar haka:
CO₂e = Nauyin Kaya (tan) × Nisa (km) × Ma'aunin Fitar da Iska (kg CO₂e / tan-km)
A bisa tsarin GLEC, yawan hayakin da ke fitowa daga babban jirgin ruwa na kwantena yawanci yana tsakanin 0.015 zuwa 0.017 kg CO₂e a kowace tan-kilomita. Hanyar Cape ta yanzu daga Shanghai zuwa Dublin tana da tsawon kilomita 25,900. Jirgin kaya mai nauyin tan 10 zai samar da kimanin kilogiram 4,144 na CO₂e ga babban jirgin ruwan teku kawai, wanda shine 10 × 25,900 × 0.016. Wannan yana faruwa ne kafin a ƙara tafiya a ƙasa a kowane ƙarshen.
Akwai kayan aiki masu amfani da yawa waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa tare da wannan lissafin. Ana amfani da Tsarin GLEC don yin lissafin CO₂ na jama'a na SeaRates. Kowace ƙimar jigilar kaya daga Freightos tana zuwa tare da kimantawar hayaki. Kamfanonin jigilar kaya da yawa yanzu suna nuna bayanan hayaki na matakin tafiya kai tsaye a shafukan yin booking ɗin su. Wannan bayanan ya fito ne daga bayanan aikin jiragen ruwa da AIS ke bibiya maimakon sigogin hayaki na yau da kullun. Wannan dabarar ta ƙarshe tana ƙara shahara ga ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke buƙatar bayanan hayaki waɗanda za a iya duba su kuma a tabbatar da su don rahoton ESG, musamman yayin da ƙa'idodin rahoton dorewar kamfanoni na EU ke ƙara tsauri.
Masu jigilar kaya sau da yawa suna mamakin yadda yake da wahala a ƙididdige jigilar LCL (ƙasa da nauyin kwantena). Akwai ƙarin zato saboda rabon carbon ya dogara ne akan yadda ake haɗa jigilar kaya a cikin kwantenar, kuma kwantenar kanta tana kusa da dubban sauran kwantena a cikin jirgin ruwa. Masu jigilar kaya daban-daban suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don ware farashi, wanda zai iya haifar da sakamako daban-daban don jigilar kaya ta zahiri. Yana ƙara zama mahimmanci ga kamfanoni su yi amfani da dabarar iri ɗaya don bayyana dorewarsu da rubuta shi.
Haɗin gwiwa da Mai Ba da Kaya Mai Daidai: Hanyar Jigilar Kaya ta Topway
Auna carbon wani ɓangare ne kawai na matsalar. Sauran rabin kuma shine neman abokin hulɗa na sufuri wanda zai iya ba ku bayanai masu inganci game da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli da kuma taimaka muku inganta tsarin samar da kayayyaki don kada ku yi maganinsa tun farko.
Kamfanin Topway Shipping yana bayar da ayyukan jigilar kayayyaki na ƙasashen duniya da na kasuwanci ta intanet tun daga shekarar 2010. Babban ofishinsa yana Shenzhen, China. Kamfanin ya dace musamman don taimaka wa masu jigilar kaya a hanyoyin fitar da kayayyaki na Asiya, kamar hanyar China-Ireland, saboda ƙungiyar da ta kafa kamfanin tana da fiye da shekaru 15 na gogewa a fannin jigilar kayayyaki da kwastam na ƙasashen duniya.
Tsarin sabis na Topway ya ƙunshi dukkan sarkar sufuri, tun daga matakin farko na jigilar kaya daga masana'anta ko rumbun ajiya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta China, ta hanyar ƙasashen duniya. warewa, share kwastam a wurin da aka samo asali da kuma inda aka nufa, kuma a ƙarshe, isar da kaya zuwa mil na ƙarshe. Wannan cikakken gani yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da lissafin carbon tunda yana ba ku damar auna hayaki kafin da kuma bayan tafiyar a cikin haɗin aiki ɗaya maimakon haɗa su daga bayanai daga kamfanonin jigilar kaya daban-daban.
Topway tana ba da ayyukan cikakken kaya na kwantena (FCL) da ƙananan kaya na kwantena (LCL) daga China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a faɗin duniya, kamar Dublin da Cork. Ga masu jigilar kaya waɗanda adadinsu ba ya goyan bayan cikakken kaya, haɗakar LCL da mai samar da kaya ɗaya ke gudanarwa yana tabbatar da cewa haɗakar kaya da rarrabawa koyaushe iri ɗaya ne kuma ana yin rikodin su. Wannan fa'ida ce ta gaske yayin yin bayanin carbon. Ga manyan masu jigilar kaya, ayyukan FCL suna ba da tushen hayaki mafi tsafta: kwantena ɗaya, jirgin ruwa ɗaya, tafiya ɗaya, da kuma lissafin kilomita mai sauƙi na tan.
Ganin cewa masu siyan kayayyaki daga Ireland da EU suna buƙatar ƙarin kayayyaki masu aminci ga muhalli, musamman tunda Umarnin Rahoto Kan Dorewa na Kamfanoni (CSRD) yanzu yana buƙatar manyan kamfanoni su bayar da rahoton hayakin da suka fitar a Scope 3, samun abokin hulɗa na jigilar kaya wanda zai iya samar da bayanai kan gurɓataccen iskar gas da za a iya tabbatarwa yana zama abin da ke bambanta kasuwanci, ba wai kawai akwati da za a duba ba.
Dabaru Masu Amfani Don Rage Tasirin Carbon na Kayayyakin Kaya na China-Ireland
Yin aunawa ba tare da yin komai ba yana nufin kawai a bi diddigin su. Da zarar ka sami ingantaccen tushen hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, masu jigilar kaya a layin China-Ireland za su iya amfani da kayan aiki da dama.
Mafi mahimmancin gyara ga kowace kasuwanci da yanzu ke amfani da jigilar jiragen sama don jigilar kaya ba tare da gaggawa ba shine canzawa zuwa jigilar kaya ta teku. Ragewar carbon ba ƙarami ba ne; ya ninka kusan sau 30 a kowace tan-kilomita. Ko da tare da hanyar da ta fi tsayi a kusa da Cape, jigilar kaya ta teku har yanzu tana amfani da ƙarancin carbon fiye da jigilar jiragen sama. Ga yawancin masu shigo da kaya, hanya mafi kyau don saka hannun jari a cikin dorewa ita ce sake tunani game da lokutan jagora da matakan ajiyar aminci don sa jigilar kaya ta teku ta yi aiki.
Lokacin jigilar kaya ta teku, haɗa jigilar kaya zuwa FCL lokacin da yawan kaya ke ba da damar rage hayakin da ke fitowa daga kwantena masu motsi da kuma sarrafa su a tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Ga ƙananan masu jigilar kaya, yin aiki tare da mai jigilar kaya wanda ke ba da ingantattun ayyukan haɗa LCL - inda kaya daga masu jigilar kaya da yawa ke cika kwantena zuwa yawan amfani mai yawa - yana ba da irin wannan fa'idodi.
Zaɓar jigilar kaya kayan aiki ne da ba a yi amfani da shi sosai ba. Masu jigilar kaya waɗanda ke amfani da sabbin jiragen ruwa masu girma tare da ƙimar CII mafi girma suna fitar da ƙasa da kowace TEU fiye da masu jigilar kaya waɗanda ke amfani da tsoffin jiragen ruwa. Haɗarin da ke fitowa daga manyan jiragen ruwa a hanyoyin Asiya zuwa Turai na iya zama da yawa. A wasu nazarin, mafi kyawun jiragen ruwa suna fitar da ƙasa da kashi 30 zuwa 40% a kowace tan-kilomita fiye da mafi talauci. Wannan bayanin yana ƙara samun sauƙin samu, kuma ya kamata ya zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake dubawa lokacin yanke shawara kan tayin, tare da farashi da lokacin jigilar kaya.
A ƙarshe, inganta hanyoyin jiragen ruwa na cikin gida ya fi muhimmanci fiye da yadda yawancin masu jigilar kaya ke tsammani. Hanya daga tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa rumbun ajiya a Ireland ta yi gajeru ga ƙasa mai girmanta, amma a ɓangaren China, bambanci tsakanin masana'anta a cikin Sichuan da kuma wadda ke kusa da Shenzhen na iya ƙara ɗaruruwan kilomita na jigilar kaya ga kowace kwantenar. Idan shawarwarin neman kayayyaki sun ba da damar hakan, kasancewa kusa da manyan tashoshin fitar da kayayyaki muhimmin abu ne na hayaki mai gurbata muhalli.
Kammalawa
Tasirin carbon da ake samu a jigilar kaya tsakanin China da Ireland ba wai kawai batun muhalli ne na nazari ba. Wani ɓangare ne mai aunawa, wanda za a iya bayar da rahoto, kuma mai tsada a kowace jigilar kaya da ke tsakanin waɗannan ƙasashen biyu. EU ETS, FuelEU Maritime, da Tsarin IMO Net-Zero duk sun tabbatar da cewa farashin carbon yana zama wani ɓangare na tattalin arzikin jigilar kaya, ko masu jigilar kaya sun shirya don hakan ko a'a.
Yanzu ya bayyana sarai abin da za a auna: abubuwan da ke haifar da hayaki ga nau'ikan sufuri daban-daban, ainihin nisan hanya (ba nisan kai tsaye na ka'ida ba), ƙarfin carbon na jirgin ruwa, nauyin kaya da nauyin kaya, da kuma dukkan sarkar ƙofa zuwa ƙofa, gami da ƙafafun cikin gida. Ya kamata a yi amfani da ISO 14083:2023 da Tsarin GLEC a matsayin dabarar. Tushen bayanai da za a iya amfani da su suna samun sauƙi da sauri, daga bayanan MRV da masu ɗaukar kaya ke bayarwa zuwa kayan aikin lissafi na AIS na ainihin lokaci.
A bayyane yake cewa manufofin dabarun kamfanonin da ke shigo da kayayyaki daga China zuwa Ireland ne. Matsar da kayayyaki marasa gaggawa zuwa jigilar kaya ta teku, zaɓi masu jigilar kaya bisa ga aikin hayaki da farashi, haɗa jigilar kaya ta hanyar da ta dace, kuma koyaushe rubuta yadda kuka yi lissafin ku. Yayin da ciniki tsakanin China da Ireland ke ƙara dorewa, zai zama da matuƙar muhimmanci a yi aiki tare da abokin hulɗa na jigilar kaya wanda ya fahimci duk waɗannan buƙatun kuma zai iya bayar da bayanai game da hayaki a duk faɗin sarkar samar da kayayyaki.
FAQs
T: Ta yaya zan fara auna sawun carbon na jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Ireland?
A: Fara da jigilar kaya ta jiragen ruwa, domin zai ƙunshi mafi yawan hayakin da ke fitowa daga jiragen ruwa. Tambayi mai ɗaukar kaya ko mai jigilar kaya don bayanan hayakin da ke tafiya a matakin tafiya. Yawancin manyan jiragen ruwa yanzu dole ne su yi haka saboda dokokin EU MRV. Yi amfani da hanyar GLEC Framework ta kilomita-tamanin don sake duba. Kuna iya farawa da kalkuleta kyauta daga shafuka kamar SeaRates ko Freightos.
T: Shin yanayin Tekun Ja yana shafar lissafin sawun ƙafata na carbon?
A: Eh, sosai. Jiragen ruwa da ke yawo a Cape of Good Hope suna tafiya mil 3,500 zuwa 4,000 fiye da na teku a kowace tafiya fiye da waɗanda ke ratsa ta Suez Canal. Idan ka yi amfani da nisan hanya daga kafin 2024 don gano hayakin da kake fitarwa, wataƙila sun yi ƙasa da kashi 15 zuwa 20%. Tabbatar cewa kayan aikin da kake amfani da shi don yin lissafi yana amfani da hanyoyin jirgin ruwa na gaske ba kawai layukan ka'ida kai tsaye ba.
T: Menene bambanci tsakanin EU ETS da FuelEU Maritime ga masu jigilar kaya?
A: Hukumar EU ETS ta ƙayyade farashi kai tsaye kan hayakin carbon daga jiragen ruwa da ke tsayawa a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na EU. Masu jigilar kaya galibi suna ba da wannan kuɗin ga masu jigilar kaya ta hanyar ƙarin kuɗi. FuelEU Maritime ta kafa manufofin jiragen ruwa don amfani da ƙarancin mai, wanda akan lokaci yana tura masu jigilar kaya su yi amfani da mai mai ƙarancin carbon. Dukansu sun shafi jiragen ruwa da ke zuwa daga China zuwa Dublin ko Cork, kuma a ƙarshe, duka suna shafar farashin jigilar kaya.
T: Shin LCL ko FCL sun fi kyau daga mahangar carbon?
A: FCL yawanci ya fi kyau a kowace tan-km idan jigilar kaya ta cika kwantenar zuwa matakin amfani mai kyau saboda babu ƙarin kuɗi don haɗa kaya. Lokacin da mai haɗa kaya ya sami yawan cika kwantenar daga masu jigilar kaya da yawa, LCL na iya zama mai gasa. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a tambayi mai jigilar kaya don bayanan abubuwan da ke cikin kaya da kuma yadda suke haɗa jigilar kaya. Sabis na LCL mai kyau na iya zama mai sauri da ban mamaki.
T: Ta yaya Topway Shipping zai iya taimakawa wajen bayar da rahoton carbon?
A: Kamfanin Topway Shipping yana kula da dukkan sarkar sufuri daga China, gami da matakin farko na sufuri, share kwastam, adana kaya, da isar da kaya zuwa wurin da za a kai. Wannan cikakken ɗaukar hoto yana nufin cewa ana iya bin diddigin bayanan hayaki daga dukkan sassan sarkar samar da kayayyaki a cikin alaƙar aiki ɗaya. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa bin diddigin hayakin Scope 3 a ƙarƙashin tsare-tsare kamar GHG Protocol da CSRD.
