Daga Shanghai zuwa Milan: Duban Gaske a Lokacin Sufuri a Yau
Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Kunna

Gabatarwa
Kun riga kun san cewa dokokin da suka gabata ba za su yi aiki ba idan kun aika kayayyaki daga Shanghai zuwa Milan a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Jerin rikice-rikicen siyasa da babu wani littafin kula da harkokin sufuri da zai iya shirya wa kowa ya yi watsi da lokutan tafiya da aka bayar na 2022 ko wataƙila farkon 2024. Rikicin Tekun Bahar Maliya wanda ya fara a ƙarshen 2023 da kuma rufe mashigar Hormuz mai inganci a ƙarshen Fabrairu 2026 bayan hare-haren jiragen saman Amurka da Isra'ila a kan Iran ba wai kawai matsaloli ne na ɗan gajeren lokaci ba. Waɗannan canje-canje ne ga tsarin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin kasuwanci a duniya.
This article gives you a realistic, data-driven picture of what it really looks like to carry goods from Shanghai to Milan in April 2026. We talk about every main way to get around, the true expenses you should expect, the routing choices carriers are making right now, and how to make a logistics plan that works even when things become tough. We also talk about how Jirgin Sama, which is based in Shenzhen and has been in business since 2010, has been assisting importers and exporters feel confident in this environment.
Hanyar Shanghai-Milan: Dalilin da Ya Sa Yake da Muhimmanci
Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin China da Italiya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin ciniki biyu a duniya. Zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 2025, ciniki tsakanin ƙasashen biyu ya kai sama da Yuro biliyan 55. A bayyane yake cewa China ita ce babbar abokiyar ciniki ta Italiya a wajen Tarayyar Turai. Yawancin kayayyaki da ke fitowa daga masana'antun China - injuna, kayan lantarki, yadi, kayan daki, da robobi - suna zuwa ta tashar jiragen ruwa ta Genoa. Daga nan, ana jigilar su da manyan motoci kimanin kilomita 140 zuwa arewa zuwa Milan, cibiyar masana'antar kayan kwalliya da masana'antu ta ƙasar.
Milan ba wai kawai wuri ne da za a je ba. Ita ce cibiyar samar da kayayyaki ta masana'antu ta Arewacin Italiya, wadda ke haɗa masana'antun, dillalai, da masu rarrabawa a ko'ina cikin kwarin Po. Ga masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ke samun kayansu daga kamfanoni a Kogin Yangtze Delta na China, inda Shanghai take, saurin wannan hanyar da amincinta suna da babban tasiri ga sauran sarkar samar da kayayyaki. Idan jigilar kayayyaki ta makara da makonni biyu, za ku iya rasa duk lokacin kakar. Kwantena na kayan masana'antu da suka ɓace na iya dakatar da layin samarwa gaba ɗaya.
Don haka, fahimtar wannan hanyar ba wai kawai aikin ilimi ba ne. Batun ci gaba da harkokin kasuwanci ne. Kuma a watan Afrilun 2026, hanyar tana gudana a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi rikitarwa fiye da yadda take a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.
Lokutan Sufuri na Yanzu ta Yanayin Jigilar Kaya
As of April 2026, the following is a realistic picture of transit times and expected expenditures. These numbers show the current routing scenario, where sea freight is mostly diverted to the Cape of Good Hope while air and rail options are becoming more and more competitive.
| Yanayin jigilar kaya | Port-to-Port | Kofa-zuwa-Kofa | Kimanin Farashin | Mafi kyawun |
| Kayayyakin Teku (FCL) | 30-45+ kwanaki | 35-55 kwanaki | $2,363–$3,668+ kowace ganga | Manyan kayayyaki, kayan daki, injina, kayan masarufi |
| Kayayyakin Teku (LCL) | 26-38 kwanaki | 32-48 kwanaki | $0.60-$0.80/kg | Ƙananan zuwa matsakaicin kaya |
| Jirgin Ruwa | 12-22 kwanaki | 15-26 kwanaki | $6,000–$9,000 a kowace akwati 40ft | Fashion, Electronics, kayayyaki masu matsakaicin daraja |
| Jirgin Kaya | 4-7 kwanaki | 6-10 kwanaki | ~$7.2/kg cikin MXP | Kaya masu tsada, gaggawa, masu lalacewa |
| Bayyana Courier | 3-5 kwanaki | 4-7 kwanaki | Farashin farashi | Ƙananan fakiti, samfurori, takardun gaggawa |
Majiyoyi: Bayanan kasuwar Sino-Shipping, Maskura Logistics, Dantful International, da Topway Shipping daga Afrilu 2026. Duk farashin kimantawa ne kawai; ainihin farashin ya dogara ne akan mai jigilar kaya, incoterm, da lokacin da aka yi rajista.
Jirgin Ruwa: Har Yanzu Kashi Na Baya, Yanzu Yana Kan Matsi
By volume, sea freight is still the most important part of the Shanghai–Milan commerce line. Since late 2023, the most important change has been that ships have almost completely stopped using the Canal Suez. After the Houthis attacked commercial ships in the Red Sea, most major shipping companies, such Maersk, MSC, CMA CGM, and Hapag-Lloyd, changed their routes to go around the Cape of Good Hope. The Strait of Hormuz crisis at the beginning of 2026 made things a lot worse. Within days following US and Israeli strikes on Iran, major shipping companies stopped all Hormuz transits, and the Cape of Good Hope route became the de facto industry standard for services between Asia and Europe.
Jirgin jigilar kaya mai cikakken kwantena (FCL) daga Shanghai zuwa Genoa yanzu yana ɗaukar kwanaki 35 zuwa 45 daga tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa. Wasu ayyuka suna ɗaukar fiye da kwanaki 50 a lokacin da ake buƙatar kaya ko kuma lokacin da babu isassun manyan motoci. Kudin jigilar kwantena mai tsawon ƙafa 20 zuwa Genoa a watan Afrilun 2026 kusan dala $2,363 ne, yayin da farashin jigilar kwantena mai tsawon ƙafa 40 ya kai dala $3,668. Wannan ƙarin kashi 25 zuwa 27 ne idan aka kwatanta da abin da zai kashe kafin rikicin. Karin kuɗi na gaggawa saboda rufe mashigar Hormuz da kuma ci gaba da jinkiri a jigilar kwantena a saman farashin jigilar kaya.
Ga jigilar LCL, ana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci don haɗawa a wurin da aka samo asali da inda za a kai shi. Wannan yana ƙara kwanaki 32 zuwa 48 ga lokacin isar da kaya daga ƙofa zuwa ƙofa, ya danganta da inda jigilar ta fara da inda ta ƙare kusa da Milan.
Jirgin Kasa: Daga Niche zuwa Mainstream
Shirin Belt and Road ya haɓaka hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta China-Turai, wanda yanzu ya zama zaɓi na gaske maimakon kawai sabon ra'ayi. Jirgin ƙasa yana haɗa cibiyoyin masana'antu na China, kamar Yiwu da Shanghai, zuwa tashoshin jiragen ƙasa na Turai. Daga nan, manyan motoci suna ɗaukar kaya zuwa Arewacin Italiya daga cibiyoyin jirgin ƙasa na Jamus ko Poland. Lokutan sufuri zuwa Milan sun kama daga kwanaki 12 zuwa 22, ya danganta da ainihin hanyar. Hanyar Arewa ta ratsa Rasha da Belarus tana da matsalolin siyasa, don haka hanyar Tsakiya ta ratsa Kazakhstan kuma Turkiyya ita ce hanya mafi shahara ga yawancin masu jigilar kaya na kasuwanci a kwanakin nan.
Kwantena mai tsawon ƙafa 40 na jigilar jirgin ƙasa zuwa Milan yawanci yana kashe tsakanin dala 6,000 zuwa dala 9,000. Wannan ya fi tsada fiye da jigilar jirgin ruwa a kowace kwantenar, amma tanadin lokaci - kwanaki 15 zuwa 30 cikin sauri fiye da jigilar jirgin ruwa na yanzu - zai iya rama ƙarin kuɗin kayayyakin zamani, kayan lantarki na masu amfani, ko sassan masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar a kawo su cikin sauri. Hanyar jirgin ƙasa tana da mahimmanci tunda tana guje wa hanyoyin tekun Gabas ta Tsakiya gaba ɗaya. Wannan yana nufin cewa matsalolin da ke cikin Hormuz da Tekun Ja ba sa shafar ta, waɗanda ke ƙara farashin jigilar kaya a teku da kuma tsawaita lokacin jigilar kaya.
Sufurin Jiragen Sama: Sauri, Tsada, kuma Sau da yawa Amsar Da Ta Dace
Jirgin sama daga Shanghai Pudong (PVG) zuwa Milan Malpensa (MXP) yana ɗaukar kwanaki 4 zuwa 7 zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa don kaya waɗanda ba za a iya jinkirta su ba. Farashin jigilar kaya zuwa Milan a halin yanzu shine kimanin $7.2 a kowace kilogiram. Don samun sarari da farashi mai kyau, ya fi kyau a yi ajiyar kwanaki 5 zuwa 7 a gaba. Jiragen sama kai tsaye daga PVG zuwa MXP sun sa wannan hanyar ta zama mai kyau musamman ga jigilar kaya ta sama. Idan an riga an share samfurin gaba ɗaya kuma a shirye yake don tashi daga wurin, ana iya kasancewa a cikin ma'ajiyar kayayyaki ta Milan cikin mako ɗaya kawai na aiki. Don kayayyaki masu tsada, masu ƙarancin nauyi kamar magunguna, kayan alatu, kayan aiki na musamman, samfuran kayan kwalliya, da sake cika kayan gaggawa, jigilar jiragen sama tana da ma'ana ta kuɗi.
Rikicin Hanyar Hanya: Suez da Cape of Good Hope
Yanayin hanya a Gabas ta Tsakiya shine abu mafi mahimmanci da ke canza lokutan sufuri a layin Shanghai-Milan a yanzu. Duk wani jirgin ruwa da ya bar tashar jiragen ruwa ta China zuwa Bahar Rum dole ne ya zagaya ko kuma ya bi ta cikin wani yanki mafi gurbataccen yanayin teku a tarihin baya-bayan nan.
| Factor | Hanyar Suez Canal | Hanyar Hope mai kyau |
| Nisa ta Teku | ~11,000 mil mil | ~14,500 mil mil |
| Lokacin wucewa | Kwanaki 25-30 (tushen farko kafin rikicin) | Kwanaki 35–45+ (daidaitaccen lokaci) |
| Hadarin Tsaro (Afrilu 2026) | Hare-haren Tekun Bahar Maliya + Rufe Hormuz | Ƙasa - haɗarin fashin teku na yau da kullun |
| Inshorar Hadarin Yaki | Hawan sama — har zuwa 0.4% ƙimar jirgin ruwa a kowace hanya | Daidaitaccen farashin kasuwa |
| Matsayin Mai Jigilar Kaya | Yawancin manyan layukan layi da aka dakatar ko aka takaita | Hanya mafi girma don ayyukan Asiya-Turai |
| Rage Tasiri | Kudin asali + ƙarin kuɗi na gaggawa mai yawa | +25–27% idan aka kwatanta da tushen farko na rikicin akan FCL |
Majiyoyi: Binciken Jirgin Sama na Topway, Lloyd's List Intelligence, Drewry World Container Index, Afrilu 2026.
Rikicin mashigar ruwa ta Hormuz wanda ya fara a ƙarshen watan Fabrairun 2026 bayan hare-haren Amurka da Isra'ila a kan Iran ya sanya matsin lamba mai yawa kan dukkan layin kasuwanci na Asiya da Turai. Manyan kamfanonin jigilar kaya kamar MSC, CMA CGM, da Hapag-Lloyd sun dakatar da duk hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki na Hormuz cikin 'yan kwanaki da fara rikicin. A lokaci guda, sojojin Houthi a Yemen sun ce a shirye suke su sake fara kai hari kan jiragen ruwa a Tekun Maliya don taimakawa Iran. Sun yi barazanar yanke muhimman wuraren da jiragen ruwa ke toshewa waɗanda suka ba da damar jigilar kaya ta teku ta ratsa tsakanin Asiya da Turai.
Cape of Good Hope ba wai kawai wani tsari ne na madadin ba; ya riga ya zama tsarin aiki na yau da kullun ga kusan dukkan jiragen ruwa na kwantena na kasuwanci a kan hanyar Shanghai-Milan. Idan aka kwatanta da lokacin da ya gabata kafin rikicin ruwan teku na Red, wannan yana ƙara kwanaki 10 zuwa 14 ga kowace jigilar kaya ta ruwa, yana amfani da mai da yawa, kuma ya haifar da rashin daidaito a cikin kayan aikin kwantena saboda akwatuna suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo a teku. Sanarwar tsagaita wuta a ranar 8 ga Afrilu ta bai wa mutane kwarin gwiwa cewa abubuwa za su inganta, amma Tekun ya kasance a rufe tun lokacin da yaƙi ya ci gaba. Gaskiyar magana ita ce babu mafita mai yiwuwa a nan gaba, kuma ya kamata masu shigo da kaya na Italiya su tsara hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki a kusa da wa'adin Cape of Good Hope har zuwa aƙalla ƙarshen 2026.
Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa na Italiya da kuma Tafiyar Ƙarshe zuwa Milan
Zaɓar tashar jiragen ruwa mai kyau yana da babban tasiri ga jimlar lokacin da ake ɗauka don isa can da kuma farashin sauka. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna mafi kyawun hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da kaya daga Shanghai don shiga Italiya.
| Port | Yankin Firamare | Ƙara. Canja wuri zuwa Milan | Notes |
| Genoa | Arewacin Italiya | Kwanaki 1-2 (motar mota) | Ƙofar FCL da aka fi sani; mafi girman adadin China-Italiya; ku kula da kololuwar cunkoso |
| La Spezia | Tsakiya/Arewacin Italiya | 2-3 kwanaki | Yana sarrafa salon zamani, injina; kyakkyawan madadin cunkoson ababen hawa na Genoa |
| Naples | Kudancin Italiya | Kwanaki 5-7 zuwa Milan | Madadin hanyar sadarwa idan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na arewa suka cika cunkoso |
| Trieste | NE Italiya / Tsakiyar Turai | 2-3 kwanaki | Kyakkyawan haɗin layin dogo; ya dace da rarrabawa na gaba na Tsakiyar Turai |
| Milan Malpensa (MXP) | Arewacin Italiya (air) | A wannan rana (motar) | Filin jirgin sama mafi yawan kaya a Italiya; haɗin kai tsaye daga Shanghai Pudong (PVG) |
Majiyoyi: Sino-Shipping, Dantful International, Topway Shipping, Afrilu 2026.
Genoa is the main port for jigilar kayayyaki daga China to Milan since it is the closest major Mediterranean port to Milan by road and it handles more containerized cargo from Asia than any other Italian port. But when demand is high or ships are bunched up because they are being rerouted from the Cape of Good Hope, Genoa can have berth congestion that adds 2 to 5 days to the time it takes for ships to arrive. When this happens, skilled freight forwarders send goods through La Spezia or Naples for distribution in southern Italy. Trieste has better intermodal rail links for freight that needs to be sent to more places in Central Europe than Genoa does.
Takardar izinin kwastam: Canjin Lokaci Mai Boye
Kusan dukkan lambobin lokacin sufuri da masu jigilar kaya da masu jigilar kaya ke bayarwa suna zuwa ne daga tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa. Saurin yadda kwastam na Italiya ke share kayayyakinku yana da tasiri sosai kan tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauka kafin su je wani ma'aji a Milan. Wannan shine inda masu jigilar kaya da yawa ke rasa kwanaki da ba za su iya biya ba.
A ƙarƙashin buƙatun shigo da kaya daga Tarayyar Turai, kwastam na Italiya yana buƙatar takardar kuɗi ta kasuwanci tare da lambobin kayayyaki na HS (Harmonized System), jerin kayan da aka shirya, takardar kuɗin kaya ko takardar kuɗin jirgin sama, da duk wani takaddun shaida na asali da ake buƙata. Takardar shaidar EUR.1 ba ta aiki saboda China da EU ba su da yarjejeniyar ciniki mai 'yanci. Idan aka nemi mutum, masu jigilar kaya ya kamata su yi amfani da Takardar Shaidar Asali ta al'ada wadda ba ta da fifiko. Lokacin da kayayyaki suka shigo Italiya, ana cajin su da kashi 22% na VAT a ofishin kwastam. Shirin IOSS (Shigo da Shagon Daya-Tsaya) na iya samuwa don jigilar kaya ta yanar gizo wanda bai kai €150 ba.
Takardu marasa inganci ko ɓacewa, musamman lambobin HS marasa inganci, shine babban dalilin jinkirin kwastam. Mai samar da kayayyaki mai ƙwarewa sosai wanda ya san yadda ake sarrafa takaddun fitarwa na China da kwastam na shigo da kaya na Italiya zai iya rage wannan haɗarin sosai ta hanyar yin sanarwar kwastam kafin a yi masa masauki. Wannan yana bawa hukumomin Italiya damar fara duba takaddun kafin jirgin ya isa Genoa. Bayanan masana'antu koyaushe suna nuna cewa jigilar kaya da aka riga aka ajiye kuma suna da takaddun da suka dace sun haɗu da kwastam, matsakaicin kwanaki uku da sauri fiye da waɗanda suka isa ba tare da wani shiri ba.
Tsarin Yanayi da Tsarin Jigilar Kaya
Lokutan sufuri ba koyaushe suke iri ɗaya ba. Suna canzawa sosai dangane da yanayi, kuma masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ba sa la'akari da yanayin yanayi wani lokacin suna samun ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki a mafi munin lokaci.
Hanyar Shanghai-Milan ta fi shafar cunkoson ababen hawa kafin Sabuwar Shekarar China (yawanci a ƙarshen Janairu zuwa tsakiyar Fabrairu) da kuma lokacin hutu daga Satumba zuwa Disamba. Kafin CNY, masana'antu suna gaggawar cike oda kafin rufewa na tsawon kwanaki 7 zuwa 15, wanda ke cika tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kayayyaki a lokaci guda. Masu sayar da kayayyaki waɗanda ke yin odar kayayyaki na ƙarshe a cikin kwata na huɗu suna gwagwarmaya sosai don samun sarari a cikin kwantena da jigilar jiragen sama. Farashin zai iya tashi da kashi 20 zuwa 40 cikin ɗari sama da matakin farko a lokacin tagogi biyu, kuma kayan da aka naɗe - kwantena waɗanda aka tura zuwa jirgin ruwa na gaba - suna faruwa da yawa, har ma ga masu jigilar kaya da suka daɗe suna da kyakkyawar alaƙa da masu jigilar kaya.
A tarihi, lokacin da ke tsakanin Sabuwar Shekarar Sin da ƙarshen Maris yana ɗaya daga cikin lokutan da suka fi dacewa a jigilar kaya. Masana'antu suna komawa cikakken ƙarfin aiki, yawan kaya yana komawa yadda aka saba, kuma masu jigilar kaya suna komawa kan tsarin jadawalinsu. Ko da tare da ƙarin kuɗaɗen da Hormuz ke kashewa, jadawalin ya yi daidai a watan Afrilun 2026 idan aka kwatanta da kwata na huɗu na 2025.
Ka'idar farko ta tsara tsare-tsare a yanayin da ake ciki a yanzu ita ce a ƙara aƙalla kwanaki 7 zuwa 10 ga duk wani wajibin jigilar kaya a teku, a yi ajiyar wuri aƙalla makonni biyu zuwa uku kafin a shirya kayan, kuma a lokacin aiki, a faɗaɗa wannan ma'ajiyar zuwa makonni huɗu. Masu jigilar kaya waɗanda ke yin iya ƙoƙarinsu a yanzu su ne waɗanda suka fahimci cewa zato na yau da kullun na kwanaki 30 na jigilar kaya a teku ba gaskiya ba ne kuma sun canza yadda suke sarrafa kayansu don nuna hakan.
Yadda Jirgin Ruwa na Topway ke Tallafawa Layin China-Italiya
Kamfanin Topway Shipping, wanda ke da hedikwata a Shenzhen, an san shi a matsayin ƙwararren mai samar da mafita na jigilar kayayyaki ta yanar gizo daga ƙasashen waje tun daga shekarar 2010. Suna da ƙwarewa musamman a hanyar jirgin ƙasa daga China zuwa Turai. Ƙungiyar da ta kafa kamfanin tana da fiye da shekaru 15 na ƙwarewa a fannin jigilar kayayyaki da kwastam na duniya. Kamfanin Topway ya gina kayayyakin more rayuwa don kula da dukkan sarkar jigilar kayayyaki, tun daga matakin farko na jigilar kayayyaki daga masana'antun China zuwa rumbun adana kayayyaki na ƙasashen waje, share kwastam a ɓangarorin biyu, da kuma isar da kayayyaki na ƙarshe zuwa ga abokin ciniki ko rumbun adana kayayyaki na ƙarshe a Turai.
Kamfanin Topway yana isar da dukkan kayan da aka ɗora wa kwantena (FCL) da kuma kayan da ba su kai na kwantena ba (LCL) daga China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a faɗin duniya, ciki har da Genoa, La Spezia, da sauran hanyoyin shiga Italiya. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga hanyar Shanghai-Milan. A cikin yanayin da ake ciki a yanzu, idan shawarwarin hanyoyin da tsarin ƙarin kuɗi ke canzawa kowace mako, samun abokin hulɗa da ke da alaƙa da kamfanonin jigilar kaya da kuma ilimin kasuwa na ainihin lokaci ba abin jin daɗi ba ne—buƙatar kasuwanci ce.
A cikin wannan duniyar da ke canzawa, abin da ya bambanta Topway shine ikonta na sassauƙa tare da hanyoyi daban-daban na sufuri da kuma sadarwa mai ƙarfi. Ma'aikatan jirgin suna lura da canje-canjen hanya kowace rana, gami da matsalar Hormuz da tasirin Cape of Good Hope, kuma suna sanar da abokan ciniki lokacin da abubuwa suka canza sosai. Topway na iya bayar da mafi kyawun hanyar sufuri ga kowane kaya bisa ga yanayin kasuwa na yanzu, maimakon koyaushe amfani da sabis ɗaya, saboda suna iya sarrafa jigilar kaya ta teku, iska, da jirgin ƙasa. Wannan yana da amfani ga masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaita gudu da farashi. Ikon kamfanin na adana kaya a ƙasashen waje kuma yana ba su damar sanya kayansu cikin dabara, yana kiyaye kayayyaki kusa da kasuwar Milan don kare abokan ciniki daga canje-canje a farashin jigilar kaya ta teku.
Shawarwari Masu Amfani ga Masu Jigilar Kaya a 2026
Idan aka yi la'akari da duk abin da muka tattauna, haka ne ƙwararrun masu shigo da kaya daga Shanghai zuwa Milan ke kula da harkokin sufuri a yanzu.
Yawan lokacin da ake ɗauka don yin rajista shine mafi mahimmancin abin da mai jigilar kaya zai iya sarrafawa. Yana da mahimmanci a yi rajistar sarari a cikin jirgin ruwa ko jigilar kaya ta sama aƙalla makonni biyu zuwa uku kafin a shirya kayan. Idan ka yi rajista a mako ɗaya, kayanka kan yi birgima ko kuma farashin wurin ya yi yawa. Wannan ma'ajiyar ya kamata ta kasance mai tsawo sosai a lokutan aiki a cikin kasuwar da ke cike da cunkoso.
Yanzu, masu jigilar kaya masu wayo koyaushe suna neman farashin da aka yi amfani da shi wanda zai yi kyau na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Yana yiwuwa farashin ya zama mara amfani na tsawon kwanaki 30 saboda yanayin farashin yana da rashin tabbas. Tabbatar cewa lambar da kuke kwatantawa ta haɗa da duk ƙarin kuɗaɗen, kamar mai, gaggawa, sake sanya kayan aiki, da inshorar haɗarin yaƙi. Kuɗaɗen da aka ɓoye na lissafin kuɗi suna ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da masu jigilar kaya da masu jigilar kaya ke fuskanta da juna a cikin masana'antar da ake ciki a yanzu.
Ya kamata a yi la'akari da jirgin ƙasa a matsayin matsakaiciyar ƙasa. Jirgin ƙasa yana da matuƙar gasa ga kayan da ba za a iya ɗauka da lokaci ba waɗanda ba za su iya tafiya ta sama ba saboda tsada ko ta teku saboda yana da jinkiri ko kuma ba za a iya hasashensa ba. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 12 zuwa 22 kuma yana kashe dala $6,000 zuwa $9,000 a kowace kwantenar. Shekaru biyu da suka gabata, masu shigo da kayayyaki na zamani da na lantarki da yawa ba su yi tunanin cewa jirgin ƙasa kyakkyawan ra'ayi ne ba. Yanzu, muhimmin ɓangare ne na dabarunsu na jigilar kaya, musamman ga jigilar kayayyaki na bazara da kaka waɗanda ke samar da mai a Arewacin Italiya.
A ƙarshe, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a sami abokin hulɗa na dabaru wanda ya san ɓangarorin biyu na layin. Akwai ƙa'idodi da yawa da za a bi lokacin jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Italiya da kuma dawowa. Misali, akwai ƙa'idodi don takaddun fitarwa na China, rarrabuwar kwastam na EU, hanyoyin shigo da kaya daga Italiya, da rajistar VAT. Mai jigilar kaya wanda ke da alaƙa da Genoa da Shanghai koyaushe zai sami sakamakon sharewa cikin sauri. A cikin kasuwa inda jinkirin kwastam na kwana uku zai iya haifar da manyan matsalolin kaya, wannan ilimin yana da daraja mai yawa.
Kammalawa
Idan aka yi la'akari da duk abin da muka tattauna, haka ne ƙwararrun masu shigo da kaya daga Shanghai zuwa Milan ke kula da harkokin sufuri a yanzu.
Yawan lokacin da ake ɗauka don yin rajista shine mafi mahimmancin abin da mai jigilar kaya zai iya sarrafawa. Yana da mahimmanci a yi rajistar sarari a cikin jirgin ruwa ko jigilar kaya ta sama aƙalla makonni biyu zuwa uku kafin a shirya kayan. Idan ka yi rajista a mako ɗaya, kayanka kan yi birgima ko kuma farashin wurin ya yi yawa. Wannan ma'ajiyar ya kamata ta kasance mai tsawo sosai a lokutan aiki a cikin kasuwar da ke cike da cunkoso.
Yanzu, masu jigilar kaya masu wayo koyaushe suna neman farashin da aka yi amfani da shi wanda zai yi kyau na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Yana yiwuwa farashin ya zama mara amfani na tsawon kwanaki 30 saboda yanayin farashin yana da rashin tabbas. Tabbatar cewa lambar da kuke kwatantawa ta haɗa da duk ƙarin kuɗaɗen, kamar mai, gaggawa, sake sanya kayan aiki, da inshorar haɗarin yaƙi. Kuɗaɗen da aka ɓoye na lissafin kuɗi suna ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da masu jigilar kaya da masu jigilar kaya ke fuskanta da juna a cikin masana'antar da ake ciki a yanzu.
Ya kamata a yi la'akari da jirgin ƙasa a matsayin matsakaiciyar ƙasa. Jirgin ƙasa yana da matuƙar gasa ga kayan da ba za a iya ɗauka da lokaci ba waɗanda ba za su iya tafiya ta sama ba saboda tsada ko ta teku saboda yana da jinkiri ko kuma ba za a iya hasashensa ba. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 12 zuwa 22 kuma yana kashe dala $6,000 zuwa $9,000 a kowace kwantenar. Shekaru biyu da suka gabata, masu shigo da kayayyaki na zamani da na lantarki da yawa ba su yi tunanin cewa jirgin ƙasa kyakkyawan ra'ayi ne ba. Yanzu, muhimmin ɓangare ne na dabarunsu na jigilar kaya, musamman ga jigilar kayayyaki na bazara da kaka waɗanda ke samar da mai a Arewacin Italiya.
A ƙarshe, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a sami abokin hulɗa na dabaru wanda ya san ɓangarorin biyu na layin. Akwai ƙa'idodi da yawa da za a bi lokacin jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Italiya da kuma dawowa. Misali, akwai ƙa'idodi don takaddun fitarwa na China, rarrabuwar kwastam na EU, hanyoyin shigo da kaya daga Italiya, da rajistar VAT. Mai jigilar kaya wanda ke da alaƙa da Genoa da Shanghai koyaushe zai sami sakamakon sharewa cikin sauri. A cikin kasuwa inda jinkirin kwastam na kwana uku zai iya haifar da manyan matsalolin kaya, wannan ilimin yana da daraja mai yawa.
FAQs
T: Tsawon wane lokaci ake ɗauka jigilar kaya daga Shanghai zuwa Milan a watan Afrilun 2026?
A: Kimanin kwanaki 35 zuwa 55 daga ƙofa zuwa ƙofa, ya danganta da yadda ake tafiyar da abubuwa a yanzu. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 35 zuwa 45 kafin a tashi daga tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Cape of Good Hope. Wannan bai haɗa da lokacin da kwastam na Italiya ke ɗauka don share kayan ba, da kuma lokacin da manyan motoci za su kai su Milan.
T: Shin hanyar Suez Canal tana samuwa ga jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Italiya a yanzu?
A: A'a da gaske. Saboda matsalolin Tekun Bahar Maliya da Mashigar Hormuz, yawancin manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama sun dakatar ko iyakance zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na Suez Canal har zuwa watan Afrilun 2026. Cape of Good Hope shine ma'aunin aiki na yanzu.
T: Wace hanya ce mafi araha don jigilar kaya daga Shanghai zuwa Milan?
A: Jirgin ruwa (LCL ko FCL ta hanyar Genoa) har yanzu ita ce hanya mafi arha ta jigilar kayayyaki masu yawa, duk da cewa farashin ya fi kashi 25 zuwa 27 cikin ɗari fiye da yadda yake kafin rikicin. Jirgin ƙasa zaɓi ne mai kyau ga kayan da ke da matsakaicin girma, masu saurin ɗaukar lokaci saboda yana daidaita farashi da sauri.
T: Waɗanne takardu ake buƙata don tabbatar da kwastam na Italiya kan kayayyaki daga China?
A: Takardar kuɗi ta kasuwanci mai lambobin HS da suka dace, jerin kayan da aka ɗauka, takardar kuɗin jigilar kaya ko takardar kuɗin jirgin sama, da kuma takardar shaidar asali wadda ba ta da fifiko (EUR.1 ba ta da inganci ga shigo da kaya daga China a ƙarƙashin dokokin EU). Duk kayan da aka shigo da su suna ƙarƙashin kashi 22% na VAT na Italiya. Lambobin HS da aka gyara da kuma sanarwar da aka riga aka ajiye za su iya rage lokacin da ake ɗauka don isa wurin da za a kai su har zuwa kwana uku.
T: Ta yaya Topway Shipping ke taimakawa wajen hanyar Shanghai-Milan?
A: Topway tana kula da dukkan fannoni na sufuri, tun daga ɗaukar kaya a masana'anta zuwa jigilar su ta hanyar jigilar kaya ta teku (FCL da LCL), adana su a ƙasashen waje, share kwastam, da kuma isar da su har zuwa mil na ƙarshe. Topway tana da fiye da shekaru 15 na ƙwarewa a fannin jigilar kayayyaki ta kan iyakoki kuma tana duba yanayin zirga-zirga kowace rana. Suna taimaka wa abokan ciniki su zaɓi mafi kyawun hanyar sufuri - teku, iska, ko jirgin ƙasa - kuma su shawo kan yanayin da ke cike da rudani a yanzu tare da bayanai na ainihin lokaci da haɗin gwiwa da aka kafa tare da masu jigilar kaya.