Jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Iceland: A wajen Tarayyar Turai, Cikin Matsalolin
Gabatarwa
Iceland abu ne mai sauƙin yin watsi da shi a taswirar jigilar kaya. Tsibirin aman wuta a Arewacin Atlantika wanda ke da mazauna ƙasa da 400,000 ba ya kama da babban layin kasuwanci. Duk da haka, dillalan Iceland, masu gini, gidajen cin abinci, masu yawon buɗe ido da shagunan kan layi suna shigo da babban kaso na abin da suke siyarwa, daga kayan lantarki da kayan daki zuwa kayan gini, injina da kayan gyara, kuma China tana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin samun waɗannan kayayyaki. Ga masu fitar da kaya a Shenzhen, Ningbo ko Shanghai, tambayar ba kasafai ake samun ta ba ko Iceland tana siya. Yadda ake kai kayan zuwa can ba tare da wani mamaki ba.
The surprises usually begin with a wrong assumption. Because Iceland sits in Europe and belongs to the European Economic Area, many shippers treat it as an extension of the EU. It is not. Iceland is outside the EU ƙungiyar kwastam, which means every consignment needs its own customs declaration, its own haraji da VAT calculation, and a routing plan that usually involves a continental European transshipment hub. A container that is perfectly cleared for Germany can still end up in an administrative maze when it is meant for Reykjavik.
This guide walks through how the China to Iceland lane really works in 2026: the sea, iska da bayyanawa options, realistic transit times, how Icelandic customs treats your goods, what has changed in the EU and the US that affects your planning, and where money is most often lost. The figures in the tables are indicative and drawn from published quotes and public tariff information available at the time of writing, so treat them as planning ranges and always ask for a live quotation before you commit to a shipment.
Me Ya Sa Iceland Ba Kawai Wata Mafaka Ba Ce Ta Turai
A cikin EEA, a wajen ƙungiyar kwastam
Iceland memba ce a Yankin Tattalin Arzikin Turai da Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta 'Yancin Turai, shi ya sa yawancin ƙa'idodin samfura, tun daga alamar CE zuwa ƙa'idodin sinadarai, suka zama kamar sun saba da duk wanda ya riga ya fitar da kaya zuwa Jamus ko Faransa. Abin da Iceland ba ta raba da EU ba shine ƙungiyar kwastam. Tana gudanar da harajin kwastam ɗinta, wanda Iceland Revenue and Customs ke gudanarwa, wanda aka sani da Skatturinn a cikin gida, kuma tana cajin harajin shigo da kaya, harajin fitar da kaya da ƙarin haraji idan ta isa. Jagororin kunshin da jigilar kaya suna tunatar da masu aikawa cewa Switzerland, Norway da Iceland ba membobin EU ba ne duk da yanayin ƙasarsu, kuma jigilar kaya zuwa gare su yana buƙatar sanarwar kwastam mai kyau.
For a forwarder, that single fact reshapes the whole job. Cargo that travels through Rotterdam or Hamburg on its way to Iceland cannot simply be cleared in the EU and forwarded like a domestic movement. It has to stay under a transit regime or be re-exported, and the paperwork must follow the goods all the way to Icelandic customs. Shippers who book a cheap tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa rate to a European hub without thinking about this often discover that the last leg, and the clearance that goes with it, costs more time and money than the ocean voyage itself.
Ƙaramin kasuwar tsibiri mai manyan ƙa'idodin sufuri
Yanayin ƙasa ya ƙara nasa yanayin. Yawancin al'ummar Iceland da ayyukan kasuwanci sun fi yawa a yankin babban birnin da ke kewaye da Reykjavik, kuma a nan ne yawancin kwantena ke sauka. Ƙananan tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna hidima ga gabas, arewa da Tsibirin Westman, amma suna samun ƙarancin jiragen ruwa kuma galibi suna buƙatar ƙarin jigilar kaya a cikin gida. Isasshen kaya a cikin ƙasa ya dogara ne akan hanyar zobe ɗaya, kuma a lokacin hunturu, akan yanayi wanda zai iya rufe hanyoyin tsaunuka ko jinkirta jiragen ruwa na tsawon kwanaki.
Yanayin jigilar kaya ma siriri ne idan aka kwatanta da manyan hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa na Asiya zuwa Turai. Layukan ruwa masu zurfi daga China ba kasafai suke zuwa Iceland kai tsaye ba. Madadin haka, ƙaramin rukuni na masu aiki a yankin ne ke hidimar ƙasar, Eimskip da Samskip sune mafi shahara, suna gudanar da ayyukan ciyarwa da layin jirgin ruwa daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na arewacin Turai. Wannan tattara bayanai yana iyakance zaɓin jadawalin kuma yana ba masu aiki ƙarfin farashi mai yawa, wanda shine dalili ɗaya da yasa mai jigilar kaya mai ƙarfi a ɓangaren Turai zai iya yin babban bambanci ga farashi da aminci.
Yadda Kaya Ke Isa Daga China Zuwa Iceland
Babu wata hanya guda ɗaya ta Iceland. Dangane da girma, gaggawa da nau'in kaya, jigilar kaya tana tafiya ta teku tare da jigilar kaya ta Turai, ta iska ta cikin cibiya, ko ta hanyar jigilar kaya ta gaggawa ƙofa zuwa ƙofa. Fahimtar yadda aka gina kowane zaɓi yana sauƙaƙa karanta ambato da kuma gano abin da ya ɓace daga ciki.
Jirgin ruwa tare da jigilar kaya ta Turai
Jirgin ruwa shi ne ginshiƙin shigo da kaya daga Iceland saboda shi ne kawai hanyar da ta dace da tattalin arziki ga kayan daki, kayan gini, injina, manyan kayan masarufi da kuma kayan kasuwancin e-commerce da aka yi wa fenti. Yawanci kaya suna barin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kudancin China ko Gabashin China kamar Shenzhen Yantian, Shanghai ko Ningbo a kan babban jirgin ruwa da ke kan hanyar zuwa Arewacin Turai. Ana sauke shi a wani cibiya kamar Rotterdam, Hamburg ko Antwerp sannan a ɗora shi a kan wani jirgin ruwa ko layin yanki wanda ke ratsa Arewacin Tekun Atlantika zuwa Reykjavik. Sauyawa ta Turai abu ne da aka saba yi maimakon banda.
Jerin abubuwan da aka buga sun nuna cewa lokacin jigilar kaya daga tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa daga Kudancin China zuwa Reykjavik tsakanin kwanaki 30 zuwa 60, kuma wannan zangon ya yi daidai da abin da masu jigilar kaya ke fuskanta. Babban layin jirgin daga China zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Arewacin Turai yawanci yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni biyar, kuma lokacin jira a tashar jiragen ruwa da sauke kaya a Iceland yana ƙara komai daga makonni ɗaya zuwa uku dangane da jadawalin tafiyar jiragen ruwa. Da zarar ka ƙara jigilar kaya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta asali, izinin fitarwa da isar da kaya a Iceland, tsara kimanin kwanaki 45 zuwa 70 ƙofa zuwa ƙofa abu ne mai ma'ana. Bambancin galibi yana faruwa ne ta hanyar lokacin haɗi maimakon ta hanyar nisan teku, shi ya sa yin tafiya tare da haɗin da aka kare ya fi muhimmanci fiye da aski 'yan kwanaki daga tafiya ta farko.
Lokacin hunturu shine lokacin wahala. Guguwar Arewacin Atlantika na iya jinkirta ciyarwa ko tilasta canje-canje a jadawalin, kuma rashin hanyar sadarwa a cibiyar na iya kashe cikakken mako guda.
FCL idan aka kwatanta da LCL
Cikakken nauyin kwantena yana da ma'ana da zarar kana da kimanin mita 15 na kaya ko fiye, saboda farashin kowace mita 15 na kaya yana raguwa da sauri kuma kwantena yana rufewa a wurin da aka samo shi kuma ana buɗe shi ne kawai a inda za a je. Kwantena masu ƙafa 20 da ƙafa 40 duk sun zama ruwan dare a wannan layin, kuma kwantena masu ƙafa 40 masu tsayi suna shahara ga kaya masu sauƙi da yawa. Amfani na musamman kuma yana rage haɗarin lalacewa, tunda ba a taɓa sarrafa kayanka tare da na wani ba.
Ba a cika ɗaukar kwantenar da yawa ba, amsar ƙananan jimillar kaya ce. Ana haɗa kayanku da sauran jigilar kaya a cikin ma'ajiyar kaya ta China, ana jigilar su a cikin kwantenar da aka raba zuwa cibiyar Turai, sannan a sake haɗa su don ƙafar Iceland. Wani ƙiyasin da aka buga daga farkon 2026 ya sanya LCL a kusan krona 16,956 na Icelandic a kowace mita mai siffar cubic tare da mafi ƙarancin mita mai siffar cubic biyu. Wannan yana da arha a kowace raka'a, amma LCL yana ƙara matakan sarrafawa, kuma kowane mataki dama ce ta jinkiri, lalacewa ko rashin daidaiton takardu. Masu siye waɗanda ke jigilar LCL zuwa Iceland ya kamata su tsara ƙarin mako ɗaya ko biyu idan aka kwatanta da FCL kuma su shirya don taɓawa da yawa.
Wata doka mai amfani daga masu tura kaya ita ce da zarar girman LCL ya wuce mita 10 zuwa 12 na cubic, ya cancanci a nemi ƙimar FCL. Akwati ɗaya da aka raba zai iya kashe kuɗi fiye da wanda aka keɓe, kuma tabbas zai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo.
Abin da ya kamata a yi la'akari da ƙimar jigilar kaya ta teku
Domin fahimtar matakin farashin, wani mai jigilar kaya a farkon Fabrairu 2026 ya nuna kwantena masu ƙafa 20 zuwa Iceland akan kusan krona 232,000 zuwa 260,000 na Icelandic da kwantena masu ƙafa 40 akan kusan krona 273,000 zuwa 342,000 a kan tagogi biyu masu inganci, wanda ke aiki zuwa wani abu kamar dala 1,800 zuwa 2,700 a farashin musayar kuɗi na baya-bayan nan. Jerin da aka sanya wa OOCL a matsayin mai jigilar kaya mafi arha da Evergreen a matsayin mafi tsada. A ɗauki waɗannan lambobin a matsayin hoto maimakon ma'auni. Sun nuna cewa farashin yana motsawa a cikin tagogi masu inganci waɗanda aka auna a cikin kwanaki, kuma zaɓin mai jigilar kaya kaɗai zai iya canza farashin da ma'ana.
Mafi mahimmanci fiye da ƙimar kanun labarai shine abin da ke wajensa. Cikakken ƙiyasin farashi ya kamata ya bayyana ko an haɗa kuɗin asali kamar sarrafa tashar jiragen ruwa, takardu da kwastam na fitarwa, ko farashin ya kasance zuwa cibiyar Turai ko har zuwa Reykjavik, da kuma wace kuɗin da mai karɓar zai biya. Daidaita bunker, ƙarin kuɗin lokacin kololuwa da ƙarin kuɗin ciniki na hayaki da masu ɗaukar kaya yanzu ke haɗawa da ƙafafun da suka shafi Turai duk za a iya ƙara su daga baya. Nemi ƙiyasin farashi bisa ga ka'idar Incoterms bayyananne, kuma ku tambayi abin da zai faru idan an rasa haɗin ciyarwa. Kuɗin da ya rage dala 100 amma shiru akan waɗannan maki ba kasafai yake zama zaɓi mafi arha ba.
Jirgin Sama da Express: Lokacin da Speed ke Biyan Kansa
Jirgin sama daga China zuwa Iceland kayan aiki ne na musamman. Akwai ƙarancin ayyukan jigilar kaya kai tsaye, don haka yawancin jigilar kaya suna tafiya a kan jiragen ruwa ko sararin ciki na fasinja zuwa cibiyar Turai ko Gabas ta Tsakiya sannan su wuce zuwa Filin Jirgin Sama na Keflavik. Kayan aikin tsara hanyoyin sun nuna cewa hanyar jigilar fasinja mafi sauri daga Beijing zuwa Keflavik tana ɗaukar ɗan sama da awanni 22, tare da tashi ɗaya ko biyu kawai a mako a kan wannan haɗin, wanda ke nuna muku yadda ƙarfin jigilar kai tsaye yake da rauni.
Shi ya sa masu jigilar kaya ke ɗaukar jigilar jiragen sama na Iceland a matsayin wani abu da ake amfani da shi a cibiyar sufuri. Kaya suna haɗuwa a Shenzhen, Shanghai ko Hong Kong, suna tashi zuwa ƙofar shiga Turai kamar Frankfurt ko Copenhagen, kuma suna haɗuwa da jirgin sama zuwa Keflavik ko kuma ana jigilar su da manyan motoci zuwa gaba bisa ga takardar shedar biyan kuɗi. Lokacin tafiya daga gida zuwa gida yawanci yana kwana huɗu zuwa goma, ya danganta da hanyoyin shiga da kuma yadda kwastam ke fitar da kayayyaki cikin sauri.
Kayayyakin jigilar kaya na gaggawa kamar DHL, FedEx da UPS suna rage hakan ga ƙananan fakiti da samfura, galibi suna isarwa cikin kwanaki uku zuwa bakwai na aiki kuma galibi suna kula da share shigo da kaya daga Iceland. Farashin kowace kilogiram shine mafi girma fiye da kowane zaɓi, kuma akwai kama. Mai jigilar kaya yawanci yana biyan harajin haraji da VAT a madadinku sannan ya biya kuɗin mai karɓar kuɗi kafin ko lokacin isarwa, tare da kuɗin sarrafawa wanda aka buga jagororin suka kai kimanin krona 1,200 zuwa 4,500. Idan abokin cinikin ku bai yi tsammanin wannan lissafin ba, ƙi bayarwa zai biyo baya.
Air is also the only realistic option for time-critical goods such as spare parts for fishing vessels or geothermal plant, product launches, seasonal fashion and replacement components. Lithium batteries, magnets, powders and liquids need dangerous goods declarations or special handling, and it is far better to declare them at booking than to have a shipment stopped at a transit airport.
Idan aka kwatanta da Teku, Iska da Express a kallo ɗaya
Teburin da ke ƙasa ya taƙaita yadda manyan zaɓuɓɓuka guda huɗu suka bambanta. Lokaci da farashi suna tsara kimantawa don jigilar kaya daga Kudu ko Gabashin China zuwa yankin Reykjavik kuma zai bambanta dangane da yanayi da jigilar kaya.
| yanayin | Lokacin ƙofa zuwa ƙofa | Mafi dacewa da | Bayanan farashi | Babban kulawa |
| Farashin FCL | 45 zuwa kwanaki 70 | Cikakken kaya, kayan daki, injina, kayan gini | Mafi ƙasƙanci a kowace kilogiram | Jinkirin ciyarwa da yanayin hunturu |
| Farashin LCL | 50 zuwa kwanaki 75 | Kayayyakin da aka ɗauka daga kimanin 2 zuwa 12 cbm | Ƙaramin kowace cbm, tare da mafi ƙarancin girma | Ƙarin sarrafawa da yankewa |
| Jirgin sama na iska | 4 zuwa kwanaki 10 | Kayan gaggawa, masu tsada ko na yanayi | Babban, ana caji akan nauyin da za a iya caji | Iyakance iya aiki kai tsaye da ƙa'idodin kayayyaki masu haɗari |
| masinja mai bayyanawa | 3 zuwa kwanaki 7 | Samfura, ƙananan fakiti, odar kasuwancin e-commerce | Mafi girma a kowace kilogram | Ana biyan kuɗin haraji, VAT da kuma kuɗin gudanarwa yayin isar da kaya |
Ga yawancin masu shigo da kaya, shawarar ta ta'allaka ne akan musayar kuɗi tsakanin jarin aiki da haɗarin fitar da kaya. Jirgin ruwa yana haɗa kaya na tsawon watanni biyu amma yana kashe ɗan ƙaramin iska. Saboda haka, yawancin masu siyan kaya na Iceland masu hankali suna raba odar su, suna aika mafi yawan lokacin yanayi ta teku da ƙaramin ƙarin kuɗi ta jirgin sama.
Takardar izinin kwastam a Iceland: Abin da ke faruwa a kan iyaka
Adalci shine inda yawancin jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Iceland ke gudana cikin sauƙi ko kuma ya lalace. Tsarin da kansa yana da inganci kuma galibi yana da na'urar lantarki, amma ba ya da gafara game da ingancin bayanai. Abin da ke tafe shine yadda tsarin ke aiki a aikace.
Wanene zai iya aiki a matsayin mai shigo da kaya
Dokokin Iceland sun bukaci mai shigo da kaya ya gabatar da takardun shigo da kaya ga kwastam kafin a cire kayan daga wurin ajiya a wurin jigilar kaya, a sanya su a cikin rumbun ajiya mai jingina ko kuma a sake su daga rumbun ajiya mai jingina don amfanin gida. A aikace ana shigar da wannan sanarwar ta hanyar lantarki, ko dai ta mai shigo da kaya da kansa ko kuma ta dillalin kwastam da ke aiki a madadinsa. Kamfanonin da ke shigo da kaya akai-akai suna buƙatar lambar shaidar Iceland da rajistar VAT, kuma masu siyarwa na ƙasashen waje waɗanda ke son yin aiki a matsayin masu shigo da kaya masu rijista gabaɗaya suna buƙatar wakilci na gida.
Sakamakon da ake buƙata shi ne ka yanke shawara kafin ka yi rajistar wanda ya shigo da kaya da kuma wanda zai biya kuɗin da za a biya a inda za a je. Masu siyarwa da ke bayar da sharuɗɗan biyan haraji da aka bayar suna ɗaukar lissafin haraji da haɗarin bayyana kuskure, yayin da waɗanda ke amfani da sharuɗɗan da aka bayar a wurin suna barin mai siye ya biya harajin da VAT idan ya iso. Dukansu suna aiki, amma rikice-rikice tsakanin su biyun shine babban abin da ke haifar da makale kaya.
Lambobin HS da jadawalin kuɗin fito na lambobi takwas
Iceland tana rarraba kayayyaki ta amfani da lambar jadawalin kuɗin shiga da kaya mai lambobi takwas wanda ya faɗaɗa Tsarin Haɗaka na duniya mai lambobi shida. Ana ƙididdige harajin akan ƙimar CIF, ma'ana kaya, kaya da inshora har zuwa kan iyakar Iceland, kuma ƙimar ta dogara ne akan rarrabuwa da ƙasar da aka samo asali. Yawancin kayayyakin masana'antu da kayayyakin masarufi suna da ƙimar sifili, amma kayayyakin noma, wasu kayayyakin abinci da wasu nau'ikan suna jawo haraji, kuma harajin fitarwa ya shafi kayayyaki kamar barasa, kayayyakin sukari da ababen hawa.
Masu samar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin galibi suna bayar da lambobin lambobi zuwa lambobi shida ne kawai, kuma wani lokacin ana kwafi su ne kawai daga oda ta baya. Lambar da ba daidai ba na iya canza ƙimar haraji, haifar da tambayar kwastam, ko haifar da hukunci bayan haka. Bari mai tura kayanka ko dillalinka ya tabbatar da lambar lambobi takwas kafin jigilar kaya, ba bayan sun iso ba.
Haraji, VAT da sauran kuɗaɗe
Matsakaicin ƙimar VAT na Iceland shine kashi 24 cikin ɗari, tare da raguwar ƙimar kashi 11 cikin ɗari ga kayayyaki kamar abinci da littattafai. Ana ƙididdige VAT akan ƙimar CIF tare da duk wani harajin kwastam, wanda ke nufin kuna biyan haraji akan farashin jigilar kaya. Babu wani keɓancewa mai ƙarancin ƙima ga shigo da kaya na kasuwanci. Nassoshin jadawalin kuɗin fito na jama'a sun kwatanta ƙimar de minimis na kasuwanci a matsayin sifili krona ga haraji da VAT, don haka ko da ƙaramin yanki ana iya biyan haraji a zahiri.
Beyond tax, expect a customs brokerage fee, terminal and handling charges at the Icelandic port, possible recycling fees on certain products, and the cost of local delivery. Businesses registered for VAT can normally reclaim the import VAT, so for them the burden is mainly one of cash flow. Consumers and unregistered buyers cannot, and that is why the way you present the price at checkout matters so much for e-commerce.
Takardun da za ku buƙaci
Tsarin takardu masu tsabta shine inshora mafi arha daga jinkiri. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya lissafa manyan abubuwan da kurakuran da galibi ke haifar da matsala.
| Takardun | Nufa | Matsalar gama gari |
| Daftarin kasuwanci | Bayyana sharuɗɗan ƙima, mai siyarwa, mai siye da ciniki | Rashin kimantawa ko rashin Incoterms |
| Jerin sakawa | Yana nuna guntu, nauyi da girma | alkaluman da ba su dace da lissafin ba |
| Bill of lading ko air way lissafin | Kwantiragin karusa da shaidar mallaka | Ba daidai ba ne wanda aka tura ko sanar da bayanan ɓangaren |
| Takaddun Asali | Yana tabbatar da asali kuma yana goyon bayan duk wani da'awar fifiko | Fom ɗin da ba daidai ba ko sa hannun da ya ɓace |
| Takaddun shaida da izini na samfur | Yana nuna CE, rahotannin gwaji ko amincewar hukumar abinci | Ba a shirya ba har sai kayan sun riga sun shigo |
| Bayyanar kaya masu haɗari | Ana buƙata don batura, aerosols da makamantansu | An jigilar kayayyaki ba a bayyana ba |
Yarjejeniyar cinikayyar 'yanci tsakanin China da Iceland
China da Iceland sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar cinikayya mai 'yanci tun watan Yulin 2014, yarjejeniyar farko da China ta cimma da wata ƙasa ta Turai. Tana iya ba da damar biyan harajin fifiko kan kayayyaki masu cancanta idan aka gabatar da shaidar asali mai kyau. Saboda Iceland ta riga ta yi amfani da ƙaramin haraji ko sisi ga kayayyakin masana'antu da yawa, fa'idar ta fi bayyana inda za a yi amfani da haraji, don haka ya kamata a duba takamaiman layin kuɗin harajin ku maimakon ɗauka.
Me Ya Canja a 2026 da Kuma Dalilin Da Ya Sa Yake Da Muhimmanci Ga Jigilar Kayayyakinku
Akwai ci gaba da dama a wannan shekarar da ke shafar duk wanda ke jigilar kayayyakin China zuwa Turai, koda kuwa wurin da za a kai kayan ya kasance a wajen Tarayyar Turai.
Mafi bayyane shine sabon harajin Tarayyar Turai kan ƙananan fakiti. Ministocin kuɗi na Tarayyar Turai sun amince a watan Disamba na 2025 don sanya harajin kwastam na Yuro 3 akan kowane nau'in kaya akan ƙananan fakitin kasuwanci na e-commerce, suna aiki daga 1 ga Yuli 2026 har sai mafita ta dindindin ta maye gurbin tsohon keɓewar de minimis ga sayayya ƙasa da Yuro 150. Manufar da aka bayyana ita ce a rage shigo da kaya daga dandamali kamar Shein da Temu. Jagororin fakitin da aka sabunta a wannan watan sun tabbatar da cewa, tun daga 1 ga Yuli, jigilar kaya zuwa EU har zuwa Yuro 150 suna jawo harajin ƙasa ban da VAT, duk wani tsarin VAT da aka yi amfani da shi.
Iceland ba ta cikin Tarayyar Turai, don haka wannan harajin ba ya shafi kayayyaki da ke tafiya bisa doka zuwa Reykjavik. Yana da mahimmanci a yanayi uku. Idan ka sayar da kayayyaki zuwa Tarayyar Turai da Iceland daga hannun jari ɗaya, tsarin kuɗinka ya canza ga ɓangaren Tarayyar Turai. Idan kayanka an adana su a cikin ma'ajiyar kaya ta Tarayyar Turai kafin ka je Iceland, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa ba za su taɓa barin jigilar kaya ko tsarin da aka ɗaure ba. Kuma idan aka saki jigilar kaya bisa kuskure don yawo kyauta a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Turai, za ka ƙirƙiri haraji, takardu da jinkiri waɗanda ba sa buƙatar wanzuwa. Ka tambayi mai aika kayanka ya tabbatar a rubuce yadda kayan ke tafiya.
Wani sauyi kuma ya fito ne daga Amurka, wadda ta kawo ƙarshen keɓewarta ga shigo da kayayyaki masu ƙarancin ƙima daga ƙasashen waje. Yawancin masu siyarwa na China suna mayar da ƙoƙarin kaya da tallatawa zuwa wasu yankuna sakamakon haka, kuma masu tura kaya sun ba da rahoton ƙarin bincike kan yadda ake gudanar da kasuwancin e-commerce a ko'ina. A cikin wannan yanayi, ana iya tambayar takardun kuɗi na kasuwanci marasa cikawa ko marasa tabbas, ba ƙasa da haka ba.
A ƙarshe, ku tuna cewa tsarin shigo da kaya na EU na VAT, wanda aka sani da IOSS, tsarin EU ne kuma ba ya shafi Iceland. Masu siyarwa waɗanda suka saba da karɓar VAT a wurin da ake biya ga abokan cinikin Turai suna buƙatar wani tsari daban ga masu siyan Iceland, ko dai ta hanyar ambaton farashin harajin da aka biya ko kuma ta hanyar bayyana cewa za a karɓi haraji da VAT a lokacin da aka kawo su.
Misalin Kudin Filaye da Aka Yi Aiki da Su
Ka yi la'akari da wani mai shigo da kaya daga Iceland wanda ke siyan kayayyaki da darajarsu ta kai dala $10,000 FOB Shenzhen sannan ka aika su a matsayin LCL zuwa Reykjavik. Kaya da sarrafa kaya suna kaiwa dala $1,500 kuma inshorar ruwa suna kaiwa dala $300. Teburin yana nuna kuɗin shigo da kaya a yanayi biyu, ɗaya inda layin kuɗin fito ba ya ɗauke da haraji, ɗayan kuma yana ɗauke da kashi 5 cikin ɗari.
| Abun layi | Yanayi na A: 0% na harajin | Yanayi na B: Kashi 5 cikin ɗari na harajin |
| Darajar kaya, FOB Shenzhen | USD 10,000 | USD 10,000 |
| Jigilar kaya da sarrafawa | USD 1,500 | USD 1,500 |
| insurance | USD 300 | USD 300 |
| Babban darajar CIF | USD 11,800 | USD 11,800 |
| harajin kwastam | USD 0 | USD 590 |
| Tushen VAT (CIF da haraji) | USD 11,800 | USD 12,390 |
| VAT akan kashi 24% | USD 2,832 | USD 2,973.60 |
| Jimlar kuɗin shigo da kaya | USD 2,832 | USD 3,563.60 |
| Kudin shigo da kaya na CIF da ƙari | USD 14,632 | USD 15,363.60 |
Abubuwa biyu sun yi fice. Na farko, bambancin maki biyar a cikin kuɗin haraji yana canza lissafin haraji da fiye da dala 700 akan ƙaramin kaya, shi ya sa daidaiton rarrabuwa ya cancanci ƙoƙari sosai. Na biyu, ana cajin VAT akan kaya da inshora da kayayyaki, don haka tanadin kaya yana rage harajin ku da kuma lissafin ku.
alkaluman ba su haɗa da kuɗin dillalai, kuɗin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Iceland da kuɗin gudanarwa, jigilar kaya ta cikin ƙasa da duk wani kuɗin fito ko sake amfani da su ba. Haka kuma sun yi watsi da gaskiyar cewa mai shigo da kaya da aka yi wa rijista da VAT yawanci zai dawo da VAT daga baya. Gina duk waɗannan a cikin takardar kuɗin da kuka mallaka kafin ku saita farashin siyarwa.
Inshora, Ajiya da kuma Mile na Ƙarshe
Ocean cargo on this lane changes hands several times, from the origin trucker to the mainline carrier, the hub terminal, the feeder operator and finally the Icelandic port, and carrier liability under standard bills of lading is modest compared with the value of most consignments. Cargo insurance covering the whole journey from the supplier’s door to the consignee’s warehouse is inexpensive relative to the risk, and it is particularly worthwhile for LCL, where damage from neighbouring cargo is a genuine possibility.
Ajiyewa ita ce ɗayan kuɗin da ke kama masu shigo da kaya. Da zarar an fitar da kwantenar a Iceland, lokacin kyauta a tashar yana da iyaka, kuma jinkiri wajen sharewa ko shirya isarwa yana canzawa da sauri zuwa kuɗin ajiya da rage farashi. Masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ba su da rumbun ajiyar su kusa da Reykjavik ya kamata su shirya wurin isarwa ko zaɓin ajiya mai ɗaure kafin jirgin ya iso, kuma ya kamata su tabbatar da cewa sanarwar kwastan a shirye take don ƙaddamar da shi da zarar an tabbatar da fitar da kaya. A yankuna masu nisa, a ba da ƙarin kwanaki don jigilar kaya a cikin gida kuma ku tuna cewa rufe hanyoyin hunturu na iya jinkirta ko da kwantenar da aka share sosai.
Bin Ka'idojin Samfura, Lakabi da Kayayyaki Masu Iyaka
Saboda Iceland tana amfani da mafi yawan dokokin samfuran kasuwa ɗaya na EU ta hanyar EEA, kayayyakin da ake sayarwa a can gabaɗaya suna buƙatar cika buƙatun fasaha iri ɗaya da na kayayyakin da ake sayarwa a EU. Lantarki suna buƙatar alamar CE da rahotannin gwaji masu goyan baya, ƙa'idodin abubuwan da aka takaita sun shafi kayan lantarki da sinadarai, kuma kayan wasa, kayan kwalliya da sauran nau'ikan da aka tsara suna buƙatar takaddun da daidaikun EU ke buƙata. Mai kaya wanda ya taɓa sayarwa ga kasuwar China ta cikin gida ba zai sami ɗayan waɗannan shirye-shiryen ba.
Abinci da kayayyakin noma sun cancanci ƙarin kulawa. Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Dabbobin Icelandic ce ke kula da shigo da abinci, kayayyakin dabbobi da shuke-shuke, kuma shigo da wasu nau'ikan kayayyaki yana da iyaka ko kuma yana buƙatar izini. Iceland kuma tana kare lafiyar dabbobinta, don haka nama danye, kiwo da wasu kayayyakin abinci suna fuskantar dokoki masu tsauri fiye da yadda yawancin masu shigo da kaya ke tsammani. Kada ka taɓa yin rajistar kayan abinci kafin ka tabbatar da buƙatun ainihin kayanka.
Lakabi wata hanya ce ta magance matsaloli marasa natsuwa. Wasu kayayyakin masarufi, musamman abinci, suna buƙatar lakabin harshen Icelandic ko bayanai game da aminci, kuma dillalai na iya ƙin kayayyakin da suka zo ba tare da su ba. Ya kamata a yi wa fale-falen katako da akwatunan da aka yi wa zafi kuma a yi musu alama bisa ga ƙa'idar ISPM 15, kuma batura, aerosols da makamantansu suna buƙatar daidaitaccen rarrabuwa don sufuri da kwastam. Gyara waɗannan wuraren a China yana da arha. Gyara su a cikin ma'ajiyar Reykjavik ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba.
Kurakurai da Ke Haifar da Kuɗin ku a Hankali
Kuskure na farko kuma mafi yawan gaske shine zaɓar mai jigilar kaya ko mai jigilar kaya bisa ga farashin jigilar kaya kawai. Ƙarancin farashin jigilar kaya daga tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa cibiyar Turai sau da yawa yakan bar ƙasar Iceland, takardun jigilar kaya da kuɗin da za a biya daga baya a farashin da kasuwa ke buƙata. Kwatanta cikakkun farashin ƙofa zuwa ƙofa bisa ga kalmomi iri ɗaya, ba na ɓangare ba.
Na biyu kuma ba daidai ba ne. Rasidin da ba a kimanta ba, bayanin kayayyakin da aka saba gani kamar "kayayyakin gyara" ko "kayayyakin kyauta", da kuma nauyin da bai dace ba tsakanin rasidin da jerin kayan da aka tattara duk suna nuna alamun kwastam. Ba lallai ne su haifar da matsala a jigilar kaya ta farko ba, amma suna gina yanayin haɗari wanda ke rage jinkirin kowace jigilar kaya da ta biyo baya.
Na uku, masu shigo da kaya suna raina mahimmancin haɗin mai ciyarwa. Yin rajistar jirgin ruwa mai rahusa wanda ya isa cibiyar bayan an rufe mai ciyarwa zai iya barin kwantena suna jira na tsawon mako guda, yana haifar da ajiya da rushewa. Tambayi musamman game da lokacin katsewa da kuma jirgin ruwan Iceland na gaba da ake da shi.
Tarko na huɗu shine yin watsi da yanayin yanayi. Dillalan Iceland suna yin oda sosai kafin yawon buɗe ido na bazara da kuma kafin Kirsimeti, kuma sararin da ke kan ƙafafuwan Iceland yana da ƙarfi daidai gwargwado. Yin rajista a gaba makonni shida zuwa takwas maimakon makonni biyu yana kawo babban bambanci a farashi da aminci.
A ƙarshe, masu siyarwa da yawa suna mantawa da gaya wa mai siye abin da zai yi tsammani idan ya iso. Ko dai takardar biyan haraji ce ta jigilar kaya ko takardar biyan kuɗi ta dillali don amincewa, cajin ba zato ba tsammani yana lalata dangantakar fiye da kuɗin da aka bayyana a sarari a lokacin yin oda.
Gina Tsarin Lokaci na Gaske
Tsarin jigilar kaya yana aiki mafi kyau idan aka gina shi baya daga ranar da kuke buƙatar kayan da ke kan shiryayye. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana raba motsi na yau da kullun na FCL zuwa matakai don ku iya ganin inda aka kashe lokaci da kuma inda aka sanya ma'ajiyar.
| horo | Yawan lokaci | Inda jinkiri ke faruwa |
| Tashar jiragen ruwa ta jigilar kaya zuwa wurin da aka samo asali da kuma share hanyar fitar da kaya zuwa ƙasashen waje | 3 zuwa kwanaki 6 | Kurakuran da aka rasa na yankewa ko fitarwa na takardu |
| Ana jiran tashin jirgin ruwa | 2 zuwa kwanaki 7 | Karancin sarari a lokacin kololuwar yanayi |
| Jirgin ruwa daga China zuwa cibiyar Arewacin Turai | 28 zuwa kwanaki 35 | Cunkoson tashar jiragen ruwa da yanayi |
| Haɗin wurin zama da ciyarwa | 4 zuwa kwanaki 10 | Haɗin da aka rasa ko kuma iyakokin tafiyar jiragen ruwa |
| Mai ciyar da abinci zuwa Iceland | 5 zuwa kwanaki 8 | Guguwar hunturu ta Arewacin Atlantika |
| Yarjejeniyar Iceland da isar da kaya na gida | 1 zuwa kwanaki 4 | Bayanan da ba su cika ba ko tambayoyin samfura |
Haɗa waɗannan matakai tare kuma za ku isa tsakanin kwanaki 45 zuwa 70 da aka ambata a baya. Idan kasuwancinku ba zai iya jure wa ƙarshen wannan kewayon ba, ko dai ku yi oda a baya, ku motsa wani ɓangare na ƙarar zuwa iska, ko kuma ku ajiye kayan kariya a Iceland.
Yadda Jirgin Sama na Topway ke Taimakawa Jigilar Kaya zuwa China zuwa Iceland
Tun 2010, Jirgin Sama, headquartered in Shenzhen, has been a professional provider of cross-border e-commerce logistics solutions. The founding team has more than 15 years of experience in international logistics and customs clearance, with a strong focus on China to US transportation. That background matters on a lane like Iceland, because the discipline that keeps a US shipment moving, namely accurate classification, consistent documents and control of every handover, is exactly what a non-EU destination with its own customs system demands.
Cikakken sarka maimakon ƙafa ɗaya
Ayyukan Topway Shipping sun shafi dukkan sarkar jigilar kayayyaki, gami da jigilar kaya ta farko, ajiyar kaya a ƙasashen waje, share kwastam da kuma isar da kaya ta mil na ƙarshe. Ga masu shigo da kaya daga Iceland da kuma masu sayar da kayayyaki daga China da ke samar da su, wannan yana nufin ƙungiya ɗaya za ta iya daidaita ɗaukar kaya daga mai samar da kayayyaki, haɗakarwa a Shenzhen, tsarin fitar da kaya, da kuma ci gaba da zirga-zirga ta hanyar cibiyar Turai, maimakon barin ku don haɗa wasu masu samar da kayayyaki daban-daban waɗanda kowannensu ke da wani ɓangare na haɗarin.
Topway kuma tana ba da jigilar kwantena mai sassauƙa da kuma jigilar kwantena ƙasa da na jirgin ruwa daga China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a duk duniya. Masu siye masu nauyin ƙafa 20 ko ƙafa 40 za su iya jigilar kaya kawai, yayin da ƙananan masu shigo da kaya za su iya haɗa kaya daga masu samar da kayayyaki da yawa zuwa motsi ɗaya na LCL. Saboda ayyukan biyu suna tare da mai samar da kayayyaki iri ɗaya, yana da sauƙi a kwatanta su akan farashi da lokaci da kuma canzawa yayin da yawan kaya ke ƙaruwa.
Abin da za a shirya kafin neman farashi
Domin samun ingantaccen tsari ga Iceland, aika bayanin samfurin tare da lambobin jadawalin kuɗin fito guda takwas idan kuna da su, ƙimar takardar kuɗi, adadin kwalaye ko fale-falen da ke ɗauke da nauyi da girma, wurin ɗaukar kaya a China, adireshin isar da kaya na Iceland, da kuma Incoterms da kuka amince da su da mai siye. Bayyana ko akwai batura, ruwa ko kayan abinci da suka shafi. Da wannan bayanin, mai aikawa zai iya ambaton ƙofa zuwa ƙofa, ya nuna matsalolin bin ƙa'idodin da wuri kuma ya ba da shawara kan daidaiton teku, iska da iska mai kyau don kalandarku.
Kammalawa
Jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Iceland ba abu ne mai wahala ba, amma ba ya da wani uzuri game da zato. Iceland tana cikin Turai, duk da haka tana waje da ƙungiyar kwastam ta EU, don haka kowace jigilar kaya tana kawo nata sanarwar, harajinta da kashi 24 cikin ɗari na VAT wanda ya shafi krona na farko. Jigilar kaya ta teku ta hanyar cibiyar Turai ita ce amsar da za a iya amfani da ita ga yawancin jigilar kaya, jiragen sama da na gaggawa, kuma ainihin farashi da lokacin sun dogara ne akan takardu, haɗi da rarrabuwa fiye da ƙimar teku.
Ci gaban shekarar 2026, gami da sabon harajin EU kan ƙananan kayayyaki da kuma tsaurara ƙa'idodin kasuwancin e-commerce, ya sa tsare-tsare a hankali ya fi muhimmanci maimakon rage su. Idan kun yarda da sharuɗɗan da wuri, ku shirya takardu masu dacewa, ku kare haɗin mai ciyarwa kuma ku yi aiki tare da mai tura kaya wanda ke ɗaukar alhakin dukkan sarkar, Iceland ta zama kasuwa mai faɗi a fili maimakon banda mai tsada.
FAQs
T: Tsawon wane lokaci ake ɗauka kafin a yi jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Iceland ta teku?
A: Jerin da aka buga ya yi nuni da kwanaki 30 zuwa 60 na jigilar kaya daga tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa, kuma ya kamata ku tsara ƙofa zuwa ƙofa na kimanin kwanaki 45 zuwa 70, saboda yawancin kaya ana jigilar su ta cibiyar Arewacin Turai kafin a ratsa mai ciyar da abinci zuwa Iceland.
T: Shin dole ne in biya VAT akan ƙananan fakitin da aka aika zuwa Iceland?
A: Eh. Nassoshin kuɗin fito na jama'a sun bayyana ƙayyadadden ƙimar kasuwanci na sifili, don haka VAT a kashi 24 cikin ɗari, ko kashi 11 cikin ɗari akan wasu kayayyaki, ya shafi duk shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen waje ba tare da la'akari da ƙimarsu ba. Harajin zai iya zama sifili ga kayayyaki da yawa.
T: Shin harajin kunshin Yuro 3 na Tarayyar Turai ya shafi jigilar kaya zuwa Iceland?
A: A'a, ba ga kayan da ke tafiya a ƙarƙashin hanyar da ta dace zuwa Iceland ba, domin Iceland ba ta cikin ƙungiyar kwastam ta EU ba. Zai iya zama da muhimmanci idan aka saki kayayyaki don yaɗuwa kyauta a cikin EU ko kuma aka sayar da su zuwa kasuwannin EU daga hannun jari ɗaya.
Tambaya: Shin LCL ko FCL sun fi kyau ga Iceland?
A: LCL ya dace da ƙananan girma na kimanin mita cubic 2 zuwa 12 amma yana ƙara yawan aiki da lokaci. Da zarar ƙara ya kusanci akwati, ƙimar FCL yawanci ta fi araha a kowace mita cubic kuma ta fi aminci ga kaya.
T: Shin Topway Shipping zai iya kula da jigilar kaya ta teku da kuma daidaita kwastam ga Iceland?
A: Kamfanin Topway Shipping yana samar da jigilar kaya ta teku ta FCL da LCL daga China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a duk duniya, tare da jigilar kaya ta farko, tallafin kwastam, ajiyar kaya a ƙasashen waje da kuma jigilar kaya ta mil na ƙarshe. Tuntuɓi ƙungiyar da ke ɗauke da bayanan kayan ku don samun hanya da farashi na musamman ga jigilar ku.