Amfanin Belt & Road: Yadda Serbia Ta Zama Ɗaya Daga Cikin Mafi Kyawun Cibiyoyin Kula da Kayayyaki a Turai
Gabatarwa
Idan mutane da yawa suka yi tunanin manyan cibiyoyin sufuri na Turai, yawanci Rotterdam, Hamburg ko Antwerp ne ke zuwa a zuciya. Amma a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, wata ƙasa mai iyaka a tsakiyar Balkans ta sake rubuta yanayin kayayyaki da kayayyaki na nahiyar a hankali - kuma mai mahimmanci - sake rubuta yanayin sufuri na nahiyar. Serbia ta zama ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi kyau a Turai don jigilar kayayyaki, kuma ba wani sirri ba ne abin da ke haifar da hakan: Shirin Belt and Road (BRI) na China.
Tare da zuba jarin biliyoyin daloli a fannin ababen more rayuwa, wata muhimmiyar Yarjejeniyar Ciniki ta China da Serbia wacce ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2024 da kuma jirgin kasa mai sauri mai sauri da ke haɗa Belgrade da Budapest, Serbia ta mayar da kanta daga wani muhimmin wuri a kan Sabuwar Hanyar Siliki. Ga duk wani kasuwanci da ke aika kaya daga China zuwa Turai, ko kuma jigilar kaya a fadin Balkans, sanin cewa ba za a iya amfani da kayan aiki a Serbia ba. Ya zama dole.
Yanayin Ƙasa na Serbia: Fa'idar Mahadar Hanya
Yanayin ƙasa makoma ce a fannin sufuri kuma an ƙera locati0n na Serbia kusan don cibiyar sufuri. Serbia tana kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Tsakiya, Gabashin da Kudancin Turai, kuma tana kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Pan-European Corridor X (Salzburg zuwa Thessaloniki) da kuma Corridor XI (Belgrade zuwa gabar tekun Adriatic). Ƙasashe bakwai suna kan iyaka ko kuma suna da ɗan gajeren tafiya, suna ba wa masu jigilar kaya damar shiga kasuwannin Yammacin Balkans, EU da kuma wasu wurare.
Abin da ya ƙara ƙarfafa wannan a cikin mahallin BRI shi ne rawar da Serbia ke takawa a matsayin muhimmiyar gadar ƙasa tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Piraeus ta Girka, inda COSCO Shipping ta zuba jari sosai, da kasuwannin Tsakiyar Turai. Yanzu ana iya ɗaukar kaya da ke isowa ta jirgin ruwa a Piraeus ta Arewacin Macedonia da Serbia, ta hanyar guje wa cunkoson hanyoyin Yammacin Bahar Rum da ke cike da jama'a. Ana sa ran Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Ƙasa da Tekun China zai rage lokutan jigilar kaya da kwanaki 7-10 idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin teku, wanda ke adana lokaci wanda ke fassara kai tsaye zuwa farashin kaya mai rahusa da kuma ƙarin amsawa ga yanayin kasuwa ga masu shigo da kaya.
Serbia kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe kaɗan na Balkan da suka sami nasarar ci gaba da hulɗa da Tarayyar Turai da China a lokaci guda. A matsayinta na ƙasa mai neman shiga Tarayyar Turai, tana da tsarin kasuwanci mafi kyau tare da membobin Tarayyar Turai kuma ita ce abokiyar hulɗar diflomasiyya mafi kusa da Beijing a yankin, matsayi na diflomasiyya wanda, har yanzu, ya samar da babban riba ga kamfanoni da ke aiki a cikin hanyar.
Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Belgrade-Budapest: Sauyin Da Yake Sauya Kayayyakin Da Aka Kama a Turai
A taƙaice, layin dogo mai sauri na Belgrade-Budapest shine canjin sufuri na Serbia wanda BRI ke amfani da shi. An gina shi ne bisa haɗin gwiwa da China Railway International (CRI) da China Communications Construction Company (CCCC) suka jagoranta, aikin ya kai kimanin kilomita 350 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin jarin BRI da aka fi sani a Turai.
An kammala aikin layin dogo na Serbia, daga Belgrade zuwa Subotica a kan iyakar Hungary, a shekarar 2024. Yanzu, tafiyar kilomita 180 tana ɗaukar awa ɗaya da mintuna 10 kacal, tare da jiragen ƙasa masu sauri guda biyar daga China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation (CRRC), waɗanda za su iya kaiwa kilomita 200 a kowace awa, waɗanda suka riga sun fara aiki. Idan aka buɗe dukkan hanyar, a farkon shekarar 2026, za a rage tafiyar tsakanin Belgrade da Budapest daga awanni takwas yanzu zuwa ƙasa da uku.
Ga harkokin sufuri, muhimmancin ba wai kawai game da sauƙin amfani da abokan ciniki ba ne. Layin dogo shi ne na farko a Turai da ya haɗa fasahar layin dogo na ƙasar Sin da kayan aiki tare da ƙa'idodin fasaha na EU - wani ci gaba na takardar shaida wanda ke buɗe ƙofa ga haɗin kai tsakanin jigilar kaya a faɗin nahiyar. Kayayyakin China da ke sauka ta teku a Piraeus za su iya komawa jirgin ƙasa a Belgrade su isa Budapest, Vienna ko Frankfurt cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Aikin ya kuma nuna jajircewar China ga yankin. Gwamnatocin biyu sun yaba da damar da take da ita ta juyin juya hali, kuma masu sharhi sun yi hasashen cewa, idan aka kammala aiki da cikakken iko, zai ƙara yawan kayayyakin da suka fito daga yankin Balkan zuwa cibiyoyin rarraba kayayyaki na Yammacin Turai cikin sa'o'i 24 zuwa 48 bayan tashi.
| Bangaren Hanya | Lokacin Baya | Lokacin Bayan Jirgin Kasa | An Ajiye Lokaci |
| Belgrade → Subotica | ~ 3 hours | 1 h 10 min | ~ 2 hours |
| Belgrade → Budapest (cikakken layi) | ~ 8 hours | <Awanni 3 | ~ 5 hours |
| Piraeus → Tsakiyar Turai (teku+jirgin ƙasa) | 25-30 kwanaki | 18-22 kwanaki | 7-10 kwanaki |
| China → Budapest (Ningbo sea+layin dogo na gaggawa) | Kwanaki 35+ na yau da kullun | ~26 kwana | ~9+ kwanaki |
Tebur 1: Kwatanta muhimman lokutan sufuri a kan hanyar BRI ta hanyar Serbia
Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Mai 'Yanci Tsakanin Sin da Serbia: Bude Sabbin Hanyoyin Ciniki
Labarin ababen more rayuwa yana da ƙarfi, amma tsarin manufofin ciniki ya ɗaga martabar Serbia a fannin jigilar kayayyaki. A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2024, yarjejeniyar cinikayya tsakanin China da Serbia ta fara aiki, wanda ya sanya Serbia ta zama tattalin arzikin Turai na biyu, bayan Iceland, da ta yi yarjejeniyar ciniki mai 'yanci da China, kuma ta farko a yankin Balkans.
An fara tattaunawa ta musamman kan yarjejeniyar FTA a watan Afrilun 2023 lokacin da Ministan Kasuwanci Wang Wentao ya gana da takwaransa na Serbia Tomislav Momirovic a Beijing. A karkashin yarjejeniyar, China za ta bayar da karin kudin haraji ga kayayyakin Serbia da suka cancanta, yayin da ake sa ran fitar da kayayyaki daga Serbia zuwa China zai wuce dala biliyan 2 a kowace shekara. FTA tana samar da sabbin abubuwan karfafa gwiwa ga masu samar da kayayyaki da masu shigo da kayayyaki don aika kayayyaki ta Serbia maimakon hanyoyin shiga na gargajiya a yammacin Turai.
Shugaba Xi Jinping ya kai ziyarar aiki a Belgrade a watan Mayun 2024, karo na biyu cikin shekaru takwas, kuma an yi yarjejeniyoyi 29 kan hadin gwiwa ta doka, tsari da tattalin arziki. Ziyarar ta jaddada cewa kawancen China da Serbia yana haifar da ababen more rayuwa na kasuwanci masu dorewa, ba wai kawai alamar siyasa ba. "Abokan hulɗar ƙarfe" da gwamnatocin biyu ke kira da shi yanzu yana da haƙoran kwangila a bayansa.
| nuna alama | Kafin FTA (2023) | Manufar Bayan FTA (2025+) |
| Jimillar cinikayyar ƙasashen China da Serbia | Dalar Amurka biliyan 3.5 | Dala biliyan 5+ |
| Fitar da kayan Serbia zuwa China | < Dala biliyan 1 | Dala biliyan 2+ |
| Ayyukan zuba jari na kasar Sin a Serbia | Masu aiki sama da 50 | Bututun mai girma |
| Ranar aiwatar da FTA | - | Yuli 1, 2024 |
| An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi (ziyarar Xi, Mayu 2024) | - | Yarjejeniyoyi 29 |
Tebur na 2: Hanyar ciniki tsakanin China da Serbia kafin da kuma bayan FTA
Kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa: Hanyoyi, Yankunan Masana'antu, da Jirgin Kaya
Layin dogo na Belgrade-Budapest ya zama babban labari, amma gyaran hanyoyin sufuri na Serbia ya fi haka. An saka hannun jari a hanyoyi da wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu da wuraren kula da kaya waɗanda suka haɗa da yanayin zamani, wanda aka haɗa da sarkar samar da kayayyaki. An haɓaka hanyar sadarwa a Serbia sosai tare da Corridor X da Corridor XI, wanda ke ba da haɗin gwiwa na mil ɗaya da na ƙarshe wanda jirgin ƙasa kaɗai ba zai iya samarwa ba.
Tsarin Zuba Jari na Ƙasa na gwamnati ya ware kimanin dala biliyan 13.5 don haɓaka ababen more rayuwa, mafi yawansu an kashe su ne kan ayyukan tituna, layin dogo, jiragen sama da na ruwa. Fa'idar aiki da babu wani salon magana mai mahimmanci da zai iya maye gurbinsa: daga Belgrade, babbar mota da aka ɗora a ciki na iya isa manyan yankunan masana'antu na Jamus, Poland ko Romania cikin kwana ɗaya.
Yankunan ciniki na 'yanci da wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu kusa da Belgrade, Novi Sad da Kragujevac sun nuna wani ɓangare na jan hankalin jigilar kayayyaki na Serbia. Kamfanonin China waɗanda suka kafa wuraren samarwa a Serbia sun haɗa da Shandong Linglong (tayoyi) da wasu masu samar da motoci. Suna shigo da kayan masarufi daga China kuma suna fitar da kayayyakin da aka gama zuwa kasuwannin EU. Irin waɗannan wuraren suna samar da kayan jigilar kayayyaki na halitta waɗanda ke tallafawa amfani da kayayyakin more rayuwa kuma suna kula da iya aiki - da farashi - mai gasa.
Serbia na inganta tashoshin jiragen ruwa na cikin gida da tashoshin jigilar kaya na jirgin ƙasa a ɓangaren hanyoyin sadarwa don kula da ayyukan jirgin ƙasa na China-Turai Railway Express (CER). A shekarar 2024, jiragen ƙasa na CRE sun samar da jiragen ruwa 31 kai tsaye daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na cikin gida na China zuwa Budapest, suna ɗauke da kaya sama da 1,700. Ana sa ran waɗannan kayayyaki za su ƙaru sosai yayin da dukkan layin Belgrade-Budapest zai fara aiki.
Ribar Farashi ta Serbia idan aka kwatanta da Cibiyoyin Yammacin Turai
Ingancin kayayyakin more rayuwa yana da mahimmanci amma haka farashin wannan kayayyakin more rayuwa yake - kuma Serbia tana da babban fa'ida fiye da takwarorinta na Yammacin Turai a wannan fanni. Warehousing Kuɗi, kuɗin aiki da farashin ƙasa a Serbia kaɗan ne kawai daga abin da ake samu a Netherlands, Jamus ko Poland. Tattalin arziki ya fi jan hankali ga kamfanoni da ke neman kafa cibiyoyin rarraba kayayyaki na Turai waɗanda ke kula da kasuwannin EU da Balkan.
| Factimar Kuɗi | Serbia (Yankin Belgrade) | Yammacin Turai (Matsakaici) | Amfanin Serbia |
| Ajiya (kowace murabba'in mita/wata) | €3-5 | €8-14 | ~ 60-70% kasa |
| Filayen masana'antu (kowace murabba'i) | €50-120 | €200-500+ | ~ 60-75% kasa |
| Ma'aikatan sufuri (kowane wata) | €700-1,100 | €2,500-4,000 | ~ 60-70% kasa |
| Harajin haraji | 15% | 19-30% | Ƙarin gasa |
| Yankunan ciniki kyauta | Ya Rasu | Limited | Amfanin Serbia |
Tebur na 3: Alamun farashin kayayyaki na kwatancen — Serbia da Yammacin Turai
Kashi 15% na harajin kamfanoni na Serbia - daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a Turai - tare da tsare-tsaren ƙarfafa jari, sun sanya shi wuri mai kyau ba kawai don jigilar kayayyaki ba, har ma don ayyukan jigilar kayayyaki da masana'antu na gaske. Kamfanonin da suka yi alƙawarin ƙirƙirar ayyukan yi za su iya samun tallafi, tallafin filaye da kuma amincewa cikin sauri ta hanyar Hukumar Raya Ƙasa ta Serbia, wani babban abin jan hankali na kuɗi a cikin hanyar.
Yadda Jirgin Ruwa na Topway ke Haɗa China da Serbia da kuma Bayanta
Sanin dabarun da Serbia ke da su abu ɗaya ne, amma samun abokin hulɗar jigilar kayayyaki wanda ke da ilimi da hanyar sadarwa don aiwatar da jigilar kaya a wannan hanyar wani abu ne daban. Kuma a nan ne Topway Shipping ke shigowa.
An kafa kamfanin Topway Shipping a shekarar 2010 kuma yana da hedikwata a Shenzhen, China, kuma yana da fiye da shekaru goma na gogewa wajen ƙirƙirar ɗaya daga cikin dandamalin jigilar kayayyaki na ƙasashen waje na asali daga China a cikin kasuwancin. Ƙungiyar da ta kafa kamfanin tana da fiye da shekaru 15 na ƙwarewa a fannin jigilar kayayyaki da kwastam na ƙasashen waje, tare da ƙwarewa mai zurfi wajen bincika sarkakiyar ƙa'idojin fitar da kayayyaki na China, buƙatun shigo da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen da za a je da kuma yanayin da ke ƙara rikitarwa na hanyoyin jigilar kaya na ƙasashen waje - gami da hanyoyin China-Turai waɗanda yanzu ke ratsawa ta Serbia.
Kamfanin Topway Shipping yana samar da hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki daga masana'antu da rumbunan ajiya a China zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa, ajiyar kayayyaki a ƙasashen waje a wurare masu mahimmanci, share kwastam na ƙwararru a China da kasuwannin da za a je, da kuma isar da kayayyaki ga abokan ciniki ko cibiyoyin biyan kuɗi. Ga kamfanoni da ke son amfani da Serbia a matsayin cibiyar rarraba kayayyaki ta Turai, ikon Topway na sarrafa cikakken hanyar - daga benen masana'antu na Shenzhen zuwa rumbun ajiya na Belgrade zuwa ga abokin ciniki na EU - yana kawar da matsaloli a hanya.
Dangane da jigilar kaya a teku, Topway tana ba da sabis na ɗaukar kaya na kwantena (FCL) da na ƙasa da kwantena (LCL) daga China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a faɗin duniya, ciki har da Piraeus a Girka, babbar hanyar shiga teku don hanyar ƙasa ta China-Serbia. Wannan sassauci yana ba Topway damar shirya hanya mafi araha ko abokin ciniki yana buƙatar aika fakiti ɗaya na kayan lantarki masu daraja ko cikakken akwati na kayan masarufi. Zuwan Piraeus tare da layin dogo ko jigilar hanya ga abokan ciniki waɗanda ke kallon tsarin rarrabawa na Serbia, duk ana gudanar da su a ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwa ɗaya na dabaru.
A cikin kasuwar da BRI ke buɗe sabbin damammaki na hanyar jirgin sama da sauri fiye da yadda yawancin masu jigilar kaya za su iya tantance su, wani mai aiki kamar Topway Shipping - wanda ke da ƙwarewa sosai a ɓangaren China, cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya da kuma tarihin aiki tun daga shekarar 2010 - fa'ida ce mai canza aiki ga kowane kamfani da ke da sha'awar hanyar jirgin sama ta Turai.
Kalubale da Gargaɗi na Gaskiya
Kowace labarin fa'idar dabaru yana buƙatar wuraren rikici. Hanyar BRI ta Serbia ba ta kasance cikin ce-ce-ku-ce ba. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2024, rufin siminti na tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Novi Sad ya faɗi, inda ya kashe mutane 15. Wani haɗin gwiwar 'yan kwangilar China ne suka gyara tashar, a ƙarƙashin aikin layin dogo na Belgrade-Budapest. Rashin nasarar ya haifar da zanga-zanga a faɗin Serbia, inda 'yan ƙasa suka fusata ba kawai ga gwamnati ba, har ma da sirrin da ke tattare da kwangilolin gine-gine na China. Wannan lamari ya kasance abin tunatarwa mai ƙarfi cewa saurin ababen more rayuwa da himmar siyasa ba koyaushe suke fassara zuwa ƙa'idodin kula da gini da kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa ke tsammani ba.
Akwai kuma matsalolin tsarin da suka shafi bayyana gaskiya a fannin kuɗaɗen ayyukan BRI. Ba a buga cikakken rubutun yarjejeniyoyin lamuni da dama tsakanin Serbia da bankunan gwamnatin China ba, wanda hakan ya takaita yiwuwar yin kimantawa mai zaman kansa game da dorewar bashi na dogon lokaci. Ga kamfanonin da ke neman amfani da Serbia a matsayin cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki na dogon lokaci, sa ido kan daidaiton siyasa da kuɗi na waɗannan shirye-shiryen muhimmin ɓangare ne na yin bincike mai kyau.
A ƙarshe, Serbia 'yar takarar EU ce ba cikakken memba ba, don haka har yanzu ana ci gaba da daidaita ka'idoji. Tsarin kwastam yana inganta amma har yanzu ba ya cika daidai da ƙa'idodin EU ba kuma kamfanoni idan aka yi la'akari da shirye-shiryen jigilar kaya masu yawan gaske ya kamata su yi la'akari da isasshen lokacin ajiya da amfani da dillalai masu ƙwarewa.
Hanya Mai Gaba: Tsarin Gudanar da Ayyuka na Serbia zuwa 2030
Duk da ƙalubalen da ke tattare da wannan tsari, ƙarfin tsarin da ke ƙarƙashin faɗaɗa jigilar kayayyaki na Serbia yana da yawa. Idan aka kammala cikakken layin Belgrade-Budapest a shekarar 2026, hanyar za ta kai ga cikakken damar jigilar kaya, ta haɗu da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Girka masu zurfi tare da tsakiyar EU cikin sauri mai sauƙi. "Yayin da adadin jiragen ƙasa na China-Turai Railway Express ke faɗaɗa kuma jarin China ke ci gaba da kwarara zuwa hanyar Piraeus-Belgrade-Budapest, tsakiyar Serbia a cikin wannan hanyar sadarwa zai ƙara zama abin jan hankali.
Shekaru da dama za su shude kafin a ji cikakken tasirin FTA na China da Serbia yayin da kamfanoni ke sake tsara hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki a kan sabbin hanyoyin biyan haraji. Yayin da fitar da kayayyaki daga Serbia zuwa China ke karuwa kuma masana'antun China ke kara himma a yankunan masana'antu na Serbia, za a karfafa kwararar jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin kasashen biyu da ke tallafawa tsarin jigilar kayayyaki mai karfi. Karin tattaunawa na iya fadada fadada FTA, musamman kan batutuwa kamar cinikayyar dijital, hadin gwiwar kwastam da kuma fahimtar ka'idoji.
Serbia kuma ta fara jawo hankalin masu gudanar da harkokin sufuri a wajen hanyar China. Tare da bambancin ra'ayi a fannin tattalin arziki da kuma yanayin da ake ciki na kusantar kasuwanci, kamfanonin Yammacin duniya suna sake duba hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki, hadakar farashin gasa na Serbia, inganta ababen more rayuwa da kuma samun damar shiga kasuwannin Tarayyar Turai da na Balkan da ba na Tarayyar Turai ba, ya sa ta zama zaɓi mafi kyau ga dabarun cibiyoyin rarraba kayayyaki na Turai.
Kammalawa
Ba wai kawai Serbia ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin jigilar kayayyaki a Turai ba. Sakamakon saka hannun jari na shekaru 10 da aka yi niyya a fannin kayayyakin more rayuwa, manufofin kasuwanci da kuma hanyoyin da za a bi a cikin sabuwar hanyar kasuwanci mafi muhimmanci a duniya. Shirin Belt and Road ya samar da ƙarfin kuɗi; yanayin ƙasa da kuma ƙwarewar siyasa na Serbia sun yi sauran.
Sakon da ake bayarwa ga 'yan kasuwa da ke ɗauke da kaya daga China zuwa Turai a bayyane yake: Serbia ba ta zama kasuwa mai iyaka a taswirar jigilar kayayyaki ba. Cibiya ce ta gaske mai ababen more rayuwa na gaske, yarjejeniyar cinikayya ta 'yanci da kuma fa'idodin farashi fiye da abokan hamayyarta na Yammacin Turai. Tambayar ba wai ko Serbia tana kan radar jigilar kayayyaki ba ce, amma har yaushe za ku iya ci gaba da amfani da damar da take kawowa.
Abokan hulɗa kamar Topway Shipping, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin jigilar kayayyaki daga China da kuma cikakken tsarin sabis na sarkar daga jigilar farko zuwa jigilar mil na ƙarshe, sun riga sun kasance a wuri mai kyau don taimakawa kasuwanci su yi shawarwari kan wannan hanyar da daidaito da aminci. A cikin duniyar da saurin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ke ƙara shafar sakamakon gasa, fa'idar Serbia ita ce abin da za a iya gani a yau.
FAQs
T: Yaushe yarjejeniyar cinikayya tsakanin Sin da Serbia ta fara aiki?
A: Serbia ta zama tattalin arzikin Balkan na farko kuma ta biyu a Turai bayan Iceland da ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar cinikayya mai 'yanci da China, wadda ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2024.
T: Shin an kammala aikin layin dogo na Belgrade-Budapest gaba ɗaya?
A: An kammala aikin layin dogo na Serbia a shekarar 2024 kuma yana aiki, wanda hakan ya rage lokacin tafiyar daga Belgrade zuwa Subotica zuwa kimanin mintuna 70. Ana ci gaba da aikin layin dogo na Hungary kuma ana shirin bude dukkan layin a farkon shekarar 2026.
T: Menene layin jirgin ƙasa na ƙasar Sin-Turai da Teku, kuma ta yaya Serbia ta dace da shi?
A: Hanya ce mai matakai daban-daban da ke ɗauke da kayayyaki daga China waɗanda ke isa ta tashar jiragen ruwa a Piraeus, Girka, kuma suna wucewa ta ƙasa ta jirgin ƙasa ko hanya ta Arewacin Makedoniya da Serbia zuwa Tsakiyar Turai. Wannan hanyar tana da sauri fiye da hanyoyin sufuri na teku na kwanaki 7-10 kuma Serbia ita ce babbar hanyar sufuri da rarrabawa.
T: Ta yaya Topway Shipping zai iya taimaka wa kasuwanci su yi amfani da hanyar Serbia?
A: Kamfanin Topway Shipping yana ba da cikakkun kayan aiki daga kafofin China, jigilar kaya ta jirgin ruwa ta FCL/LCL zuwa Piraeus, izinin kwastam a duka ɓangarorin biyu da kuma jigilar kaya zuwa wuraren da ake nufi da Serbia ko Tsakiyar Turai. Tsarin cikakken sarkar yana ba kamfanoni damar samun abokin tarayya ɗaya daga lokacin da kayan suka bar masana'antar har zuwa lokacin da suka isa wurin da za su je.
T: Shin Serbia memba ce ta Tarayyar Turai, kuma me hakan ke nufi ga kwastam?
A: Serbia 'yar takarar shiga Tarayyar Turai ce, ba mamba ba. Tsarin kwastam yana inganta amma har yanzu ba a daidaita shi da ƙa'idodin Tarayyar Turai ba. Ya kamata dillalan kwastam masu ƙwarewa su kasance a hannun masu jigilar kaya na yau da kullun ta Serbia da kuma kasafin kuɗi don duk wani jinkiri na jira na gudanarwa.
