Jigilar Kaya Mai Sanyi Tsakanin China da Portugal: Abin da Ke Samu
Gabatarwa
Over the past ten years, trade between China and Portugal has expanded consistently. This is because there is a lot of demand for Chinese-made items, food ingredients, medicinal components, and consumer goods. There is a lot of information on standard ocean freight between the two countries, but many importers and exporters still have trouble getting clear answers about sarkar sanyi shipping, which is the movement of cargo that is sensitive to temperature.
Wannan labarin ya rage hayaniya kuma ya ba ku cikakken bayani mai amfani game da zaɓuɓɓukan jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin China da Portugal a 2025 da 2026, ƙa'idodin da suka shafi Portugal, tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauka da kuma nawa zai kashe, da kuma abin da kuke buƙatar yi don jigilar ku ba tare da canjin zafin jiki ko takunkumin ƙa'ida ba.
Ga wasu bayanai dalla-dalla kan yadda ake aika abincin teku daskararre, magungunan halittu, 'ya'yan itace sabo, ko duk wani samfurin da ke buƙatar a ajiye shi a wani zafin jiki. Kuna buƙatar yanke shawara kan hanya, nau'in kwantena, takardu, da zaɓin abokin tarayya.
Dalilin da Yasa Sarkar Sanyi Take Da Muhimmanci A Hanyar China-Portugal
Tsarin jigilar kayayyaki na sarkar sanyi shine tsarin jigilar kayayyaki masu saurin kamuwa da cuta ko lalacewa ta hanyar da za ta kiyaye su cikin wani yanayi na zafin jiki tun daga lokacin da suka bar inda suka fito har zuwa inda suka nufa. Kasuwar sarkar sanyi ta duniya ta kai darajar dala biliyan 363.80 a shekarar 2024. Nan da shekarar 2033, ana sa ran darajarta za ta kai dala tiriliyan 1.24, tare da karuwar ci gaba a kowace shekara da kashi 14.6%. Wannan kididdigar ta nuna nawa ne ke cikin hatsari idan na'urar reefer ta lalace ko kuma wani pallet ya zauna a kan tashar jiragen ruwa mai zafi na tsawon lokaci.
For the China–Portugal corridor in particular, the stakes are considerable because of how far apart the two countries are. If you send your goods via ocean freight through the Suez Canal, which will be the most common route in 2025, or by rail through the Jirgin kasa na China-Turai Express, they will be in transit for 14 to 45 days, depending on the mode. During that period, changes in temperature can ruin vaccines, make frozen seafood go bad, damage pharmaceutical biologics, or make fresh produce unsellable. About 20% of all zafin jiki-m commodities become destroyed while being shipped around the world. The pharmaceutical industry alone loses an estimated USD 35 billion per year because of cold chain failures.
Tashar kasuwanci ta China da Portugal tana jigilar kayayyaki iri-iri waɗanda ke da saurin kamuwa da zafin jiki. Magungunan gargajiya na kasar Sin, kayan abinci masu gina jiki, kayan kwalliya da ake sarrafawa, da kayan kwalliya da ake buƙatar adanawa a cikin yanayi mai kyau, da kuma kayan masarufi na magunguna duk misalai ne na kayan da China ke fitarwa. Portugal tana aika ruwan inabi, abincin teku, man zaitun, da kayan kiwo zuwa China. Masu shigo da kaya da masu fitar da kaya daga ɓangarorin biyu dole ne su san game da kayayyakin more rayuwa, ƙa'idodi, da kuɗaɗen wannan hanya. Wannan babban buƙatu ne na kasuwanci.
Yanayin jigilar kaya da ake samu don Sarkar Sanyi a Wannan Hanya
Jirgin Ruwa Mai Sanyaya a Teku (Kwantenan Reefer)
Jirgin ruwa na teku har yanzu shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren ciniki tsakanin sarkar sanyi tsakanin China da Portugal. Akwatin reefer shine babban nau'in abin hawa. Akwatin jigilar kaya na ISO ne na yau da kullun tare da na'urar sanyaya daki wanda ke kiyaye zafin jiki daidai lokacin tafiya. Akwatunan reefer suna zuwa a girman ƙafa 20 zuwa ƙafa 40. Suna iya kiyaye yanayin zafi tsakanin -30°C ga kayan daskararre zuwa +15°C ga kayan sanyi kamar 'ya'yan itace sabo ko wasu magunguna.
Shenzhen (Yantian), Shanghai, Ningbo, da Guangzhou (Nansha) su ne manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a ɓangaren China da ake jigilar kaya zuwa Portugal. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Lisbon da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Sines suna kula da yawancin kwantena masu sanyaya da ke shigowa Portugal. Sines, wacce tashar jiragen ruwa ce mai zurfi, tana ƙara shahara saboda yawan kayan sake yin amfani da su domin tana iya ɗaukar ƙarin su. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Leixões tana kusa da Porto kuma tana hidima ga arewacin Portugal. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci ga masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ke aika kaya zuwa arewacin Iberian Peninsula.
Tun daga watan Afrilun 2026, farashin jigilar kwantena busasshe mai tsawon ƙafa 20 daga babban tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kudancin China zuwa Lisbon zai kai kimanin dala 1,700. Kudin jigilar kwantena busasshe mai tsawon ƙafa 40 zai kai kimanin dala 2,900. Kwantena busasshe mai tsawon ƙafa 40 ya fi waɗannan farashin tushe saboda farashin kayan sanyaya da wutar lantarki a tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Dangane da yanayi da kuma mai ɗaukar kaya, ƙarin kuɗin na'urar sake yin amfani da ...
Tun daga farkon shekarar 2026, jadawalin da ke ƙasa yana nuna ma'auni masu tsauri na jigilar kaya a kan hanyar China-Portugal:
| Nau'in akwati | Rashin Lokaci | Est. Darajar (South China → Lisbon) | Lokacin Sufuri (Hanyar Suez) |
| 20′ Refer (RF) | -30 ° C zuwa + 15 ° C | USD 2,200 - 2,900 | 28 - 35 kwanakin |
| 40′ Refer (RF) | -30 ° C zuwa + 15 ° C | USD 3,400 - 4,500 | 28 - 35 kwanakin |
| 40′ Hi-Cube Reefer | -30 ° C zuwa + 15 ° C | USD 3,600 - 4,800 | 28 - 35 kwanakin |
| LCL Reefer (kowace CBM) | + 2 ° C zuwa + 15 ° C | USD 90 - 150/CBM | 30 - 38 kwanakin |
Lura cewa farashin da aka nuna kimantawa ne kawai kuma yana iya canzawa a lokacin kololuwar yanayi, lokacin da aka daidaita bunkers, ko lokacin da masu ɗaukar kaya ke da nasu farashin. A cikin kwata na huɗu, na'urorin ƙafa 40 yawanci suna ƙaruwa a farashi.
Kaya daga Iska don Sarkar Sanyi
When time is the most important thing, air freight is the best choice. This is especially true for shipments of medicines, vaccines, biologics, and high-value perishable goods that don’t last long. Air cold chain from China zuwa Portugal usually uses either passive packing (certified insulated boxes with gel packs or dry ice) or active temperature-controlled Unit Load Devices (ULDs) on the planes that carry them. Major flights between China and Portugal stop at hub airports in Dubai, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, or Madrid before going on to Lisbon Humberto Delgado Airport.
Ya zuwa watan Nuwamba na 2025, farashin jigilar kayayyaki ta jirgin sama daga China zuwa Portugal ya kai kimanin dala 5.60 a kowace kilogiram don jigilar kaya sama da kilogiram 1,000. Wannan ya karu da kashi 22% idan aka kwatanta da watan da ya gabata saboda buƙatu ya yi yawa a kwata na huɗu. Ga kamfanonin jiragen sama na magunguna, kamfanonin jiragen sama kamar Lufthansa Cargo, Air France-KLM Cargo, da Cathay Pacific suna da layukan magunguna na musamman tare da wuraren ajiyar kaya waɗanda aka duba zafin jiki. Yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 2 zuwa 4 kafin kaya su tashi daga China zuwa Lisbon ta jirgin sama, gami da sarrafa ƙasa.
Tattalin arzikin sarkar sanyi ta iska yana aiki ne kawai lokacin da darajar samfurin ta isa ta biya kuɗin ko kuma lokacin da aka ƙayyade lokacin isarwa ta hanyar kwangila. Jigilar jiragen sama don jigilar magunguna na yau da kullun na kilogiram 1,000 yana kashe dala 5.60 a kowace kilogiram, wanda ya tara har zuwa dala 5,600 a cikin kuɗin jigilar kaya kawai, ba tare da haɗa kuɗin sarrafawa, kwastam, da jigilar mil na ƙarshe ba. Idan kun sanya nauyin iri ɗaya a cikin akwati na sake amfani da ruwa, farashin jigilar kaya na teku zai yi ƙasa sosai. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin sarkar sanyi na abinci ke gudana ta teku, yayin da magunguna da ake buƙatar isarwa da sauri suna tafiya ta iska.
Jirgin Ƙasa tare da Kwantena Masu Firji
Jirgin ƙasa a kan layin dogo na China-Turai yana zama hanyar da ta fi shahara don jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin China da Portugal, amma akwai babbar matsala ɗaya: babu wani birni na China da ke ba da sabis na jirgin ƙasa kai tsaye zuwa kowace birni ko tashar jiragen ruwa ta Portugal. Hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta China-Turai ta ƙare a cibiyoyin Spain, galibi Madrid. Daga nan, manyan motoci suna ɗaukar kayan zuwa Portugal a ƙarshe, wanda ke ƙara kwana ɗaya zuwa uku da ƙarin kuɗi.
Layin Yiwu-Madrid shine babban hanyar jirgin ƙasa da ke ratsa ta wannan hanyar kasuwanci. Akwai kwantena masu sanyaya jirgin ƙasa waɗanda za su iya kiyaye yanayin zafi iri ɗaya da na masu yin ruwan teku. Na'urori masu auna IoT za su iya sa ido kan yanayin zafi da matsayin waɗannan kwantena a ainihin lokaci. Yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 14 zuwa 18 kafin jirgin ƙasa ya tashi daga China zuwa Madrid ta hanyar Northern Corridor. Jirgin saman Spain yana ƙara ƙarin lokaci. Tsakiyar Hanya (hanyar Trans-Caspian ta ratsa Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, da Turkiyya) tana ƙara shahara a matsayin hanyar tserewa daga yankin Rasha, duk da haka har yanzu akwai matsaloli game da ketare Tekun Caspian a farkon 2025.
Jirgin ƙasa yana samar da daidaito tsakanin farashin iska da lokacin da ake ɗauka don jigilar kaya a teku, amma ya fi kyau ga kayayyaki waɗanda aka sanyaya maimakon daskararre da kuma lokacin da aka amince da dukkan lokacin tafiya na kwanaki 16 zuwa 22. Sama da kashi 40% na jigilar jiragen ƙasa tsakanin China da Turai don magunguna ne da kayayyakin noma masu daraja.
Ga yadda za a yi amfani da hanyoyi guda uku na jigilar kayayyaki masu sanyi ta hanyar China-Portugal:
| yanayin | Lokacin wucewa | Ƙarfin Zafin Lokaci | Farashin Dangi | Mafi kyawun |
| Tekun Reefer FCL | 28-35 kwanaki | -30 ° C zuwa + 15 ° C | low | Abincin daskararre/sanyi mai yawa, matsakaicin magani |
| Tekun Reefer LCL | 30-38 kwanaki | + 2 ° C zuwa + 15 ° C | Medium | Ƙananan jigilar kaya masu sanyi, ƙananan kasuwanni |
| Jirgin Kaya | 2-4 kwanaki | -20 ° C zuwa + 25 ° C | high | Allurar rigakafi, ilimin halittu, magungunan gaggawa |
| Rail (Reefer) | 16-22 kwanaki | -20 ° C zuwa + 15 ° C | Medium | Abinci mai inganci, kayan aikin likitanci |
Bukatun Dokokin Tarayyar Turai da Portugal
Saboda Portugal memba ce ta Tarayyar Turai, duk wani shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje dole ne ya bi ƙa'idodin Tarayyar Turai, ba wai kawai ƙa'idodi na musamman ga Portugal ba. Samun wannan matakin bin ƙa'ida mai kyau wataƙila shine mafi mahimmancin abu da zai yanke shawara ko kunshin ku zai wuce ta kwastam ba tare da jira ba.
Dokar Tarayyar Turai EC 852/2004 ta tanadar da ƙa'idojin tsafta da hanyoyin da suka dogara da HACCP ga duk wanda ke cikin sarkar abinci wanda ke aiki da abinci. Masu shigo da abinci waɗanda ke da saurin kamuwa da zafin jiki dole ne su nuna cewa suna bin HACCP, suna ajiye bayanan zafin jiki a kan sarkar sanyi, kuma suna aika takaddun lafiya daga hukumomin China. Ofishin Binciken Iyakokin Tarayyar Turai (BIP) da ke tashar jiragen ruwa dole ne ya duba jigilar kayayyaki da kansa don kayayyakin dabbobi kamar nama, kiwo, da kifi mai laushi. BIPs na Portugal a Lisbon da Sines sun shirya don waɗannan binciken, amma masu shigo da kaya ya kamata su shirya ƙarin awanni 24 zuwa 72 na jira don amincewa da BIP.
Dokokin Tsarin Rarraba Kayayyaki na EU (GDP) sun shafi duk rarraba magungunan da ke shafar yanayin zafi a masana'antar magunguna. Dangane da GDP, dole ne a gwada shirya kayan zafi, dole ne a sarrafa yanayin zafi na ababen hawa da kwantena, a daidaita kayan sa ido, a rubuta hanyoyin sarrafawa, sannan a horar da ma'aikata. Idan mai duba kwastam ko mai binciken kuɗi ya nemi a tabbatar da cewa jigilar alluran rigakafi yana tsakanin 2°C da 8°C gaba ɗaya daga China zuwa Lisbon, ba za ku iya cewa haka kawai ba; dole ne ku nuna musu cikakken bayanan zafin jiki wanda ba ya yin kutse. Idan ba ku bayar da wannan bayanin ba, za ku iya fuskantar hukunci saboda rashin bin ƙa'idodi ko kuma a ƙi kayanku kai tsaye.
Jami'an kwastam na Portugal suna cajin harajin VAT na EU akan kashi 23% akan dukkan darajar kayayyakin da aka shigo da su, wanda ya haɗa da jigilar kaya da inshora. Harajin shigo da kayayyaki daga kayayyakin abinci ya bambanta sosai dangane da lambar HS. Ga abincin da aka sarrafa, harajin yawanci yana tsakanin kashi 8% zuwa 20%. A ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar cinikayya ta EU, yawancin kayayyakin magunguna ba sa biyan wani haraji ko kaɗan daga shigo da kayayyaki. Duk da haka, wannan ya dogara ne akan rarrabuwar samfurin da kuma ƙasar da ta fito.
Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna muhimman takardu da ake buƙata don kawo kayayyakin sarkar sanyi zuwa Portugal:
| Takardun | Ana Bukatar Don | Fitowa Daga | Notes |
| Rasitan Kasuwanci | Duk kaya | fitarwa | Dole ne a nuna CIF ko ƙimar da aka ayyana don kwastam |
| Jerin Tattarawa | Duk kaya | fitarwa | Haɗa yanayin zafin kaya |
| Bill of Lading / Air Waybill | Duk kaya | m | Dole ne a tabbatar da saitunan sake duba bayanai a rubuce |
| Takardar shaidar lafiya | Abincin asalin dabba | Hukumar GACC ta ƙasar Sin | Ana buƙatar tsarin da EU ta amince da shi |
| Takaddun Takaddun Halitta | Sabbin kayan lambu/kayayyakin shuka | Hukumar GACC ta ƙasar Sin | Don sabbin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu |
| Rahoton Mai Rarraba Bayanan Zafin Jiki | Duk jigilar kayayyaki na sarkar sanyi | Mai jigilar kaya / mai jigilar kaya | Ci gaba da rikodin bayanai daga asali zuwa inda aka nufa |
| Cancantar Sufuri ta GDP | Kayayyakin magunguna | Mai ba da dabaru | Takardun hanya da aka tabbatar da marufi |
| Sanarwar Shigo da Kaya ta Tarayyar Turai (SAD) | Duk shigo da kaya na kasuwanci | Dillalin kwastam a inda ake zuwa | An shigar da shi ta hanyar lantarki ta hanyar kwastam na Portugal |
Muhimman Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa, Cibiyoyi, da Kayayyakin more rayuwa a Portugal
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Lisbon, Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Sines, da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Leixões da ke Porto su ne manyan wurare uku da kayayyakin more rayuwa na sarkar sanyi na Portugal suke. Sanin wace tashar jiragen ruwa ce ta fi dacewa da nau'in kayan da kuke buƙata da kuma buƙatun rarrabawa zai iya ceton ku lokaci da kuɗi mai yawa a ƙarshe.
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Sines ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa mai zurfi a Portugal, kuma tana zama babbar hanyar shiga manyan jiragen ruwa masu sanyaya daki daga Asiya. Tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu zurfi na iya ɗaukar manyan jiragen ruwa masu jigilar kaya tsakanin Asiya da Turai. Saboda tana bakin tekun Atlantika, jiragen ruwa ba sa buƙatar shiga ta hanyoyin da suka fi cunkoso zuwa Lisbon. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Sines ta ƙara ƙarin sararin ajiya mai sanyi kuma yanzu tana da wuraren da za a iya sanya kwantena masu sake yin amfani da su a tashar jiragen ruwa. Manyan motoci za su iya zuwa Lisbon cikin sauƙi da sauran hanyar rarrabawa ta kudu daga tashar jiragen ruwa saboda tana kusa da babbar hanyar A2.
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Lisbon har yanzu ita ce babbar cibiyar rarraba kayayyaki ga yankin babban birnin Lisbon. Haka kuma ita ce babbar hanyar shiga ƙananan jigilar kaya da kuma jigilar kayayyaki ta LCL. Aikin kwastam na Lisbon yawanci yana da sauri ga jigilar kaya waɗanda aka tsara su da kyau kuma suna da duk takardu. Duk da haka, watan Yuli wata ne mai cike da aiki kuma wani lokacin akwai jinkiri. Idan mai shigo da kaya yana aika kayayyaki masu lalacewa waɗanda ke buƙatar a kawo su da sauri, ya kamata ya yi shirin ƙarin lokaci idan kayan suka iso tsakiyar lokacin rani.
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Leixões tana arewacin Portugal kuma tana haɗuwa da Porto, birni na biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. Ga masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ke buƙatar jigilar kaya zuwa arewacin Portugal ko Spain ta hanyar babbar mota, Leixões zai iya zama zaɓi mafi kyau fiye da aika su ta Lisbon sannan a tuƙa su zuwa arewa. Leixões tana da wuraren adana kayan sanyi da kuma wuraren sarrafa kayan da aka yi amfani da su, duk da haka ba su da girma kamar na Sines.
Fasaha da Kulawa a Harkokin Sufuri
A shekarar 2025, tsarin jigilar kayayyaki na sanyi da kuma sa ido kan dijital na ainihin lokaci sun zama iri ɗaya. Na'urori masu auna sigina na IoT da aka gina a cikin kwantena masu sake yin amfani da su ko kuma aka haɗa su da fale-falen kaya suna lura da zafin jiki, danshi, yanayin ƙofa, da kuma GPS locati0n na kayan a kowane lokaci yayin tafiyar. Idan wani abu ya faru ba daidai ba, kamar ƙaruwar zafin jiki lokacin da ake sarrafa kayan a tashar jiragen ruwa, na'urar sanyaya iska ta lalace, ko buɗe ƙofa da ba a zata ba, ana sanar da manajojin sufuri nan da nan don su iya shiga kafin a rasa kayan.
Don doguwar tafiya ta kan teku daga China zuwa Portugal, ci gaba da sa ido ba wai kawai hanya ce mafi kyau ba, har ma tana zama doka. Dokokin GDP na EU sun ce dole ne a sa ido kan jigilar magunguna tare da kayan aiki da aka tabbatar kuma aka daidaita su kuma a adana su a cikin bayanan tsaro. A cewar ka'idodin HACCP, dokar tsabtace abinci ta EU tana buƙatar hanyoyin rubutu don kowane mataki na sarkar samar da kayayyaki. Yawancin manyan kamfanonin jiragen ruwa da ke gudanar da ayyukan sake yin amfani da ruwa tsakanin China da Turai yanzu suna da fasahar sa ido kan kwantena daga nesa waɗanda ke ba wa masu jigilar kaya damar ganin yadda kayansu ke tafiya a kusan lokaci na ainihi.
Kwantena na jirgin ƙasa mai sake amfani da wutar lantarki tsakanin China da Turai suna da na'urori masu auna sigina na IoT waɗanda ke aika ƙararrawa idan zafin ya wuce iyakokin da aka ƙayyade a kowane lokaci yayin tafiya, har ma a wuraren da kwantena ke iya tsayawa cak na tsawon sa'o'i. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda ketare iyaka, musamman wanda ke tsakanin China da Kazakhstan ko wanda ke da motar Sipaniya da ke shiga Portugal, wasu daga cikin wurare ne da aka fi samun sauyin yanayin zafi a cikin sarkar sanyi ta jirgin ƙasa.
Yunkurin zuwa ga ayyukan hasashen da ke amfani da fasahar AI yana canza wannan fanni sosai. Yanzu dandamali sun haɗa bayanan balaguron yanayin zafi na baya, bayanan haɗarin da suka shafi hanya, da yanayin yanayi na yanayi don gargaɗin matafiya game da matakan tafiye-tafiyen su masu haɗari kafin su faru. Ga masu shigo da kaya da masu fitar da kaya waɗanda ke yin kasuwanci da yawa a layin China-Portugal, haɗin gwiwa da kamfanin jigilar kaya wanda ke ba da wannan matakin hangen nesa na dijital ya zama fa'ida mai gasa maimakon kawai ƙarin abu mai kyau.
La'akari da Yanayi da Dabarun Yin Rajista
Samun lokacin jigilar kayayyaki a kan hanyar China-Portugal na iya yin babban tasiri ga farashi da aminci. Ya kamata kowane mai jigilar kaya ya haɗa da wasu muhimman abubuwan la'akari na yanayi a cikin jadawalin jigilar kayayyaki na shekara-shekara.
Sabuwar Shekarar Sin (CNY) ita ce lokacin shekara da China ke fitar da kayayyaki mafi yawa. A watan Janairu ko Fabrairu, masana'antu galibi suna rufewa na tsawon makonni biyu zuwa uku. A makonni kafin hutun, yawan kaya yana ƙaruwa yayin da masana'antun ke hanzarta cika oda. A wannan lokacin cike da aiki kafin Sabuwar Shekarar Sin, karfin kwantena masu sake yin amfani da su ya ragu da sauri. Masu shigo da kaya da ke son samun kayansu a cikin watanni uku na farko na shekara ya kamata su tabbatar da cewa an kammala samar da kayayyaki a cikin jirgin ruwa kafin watan Nuwamba.
Masu shigo da kaya daga Turai waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a kwata na huɗu na dillalan kayayyaki, wani lokacin suna rasa cikas na biyu da hutun Makon Zinare ya haifar a farkon Oktoba. A lokacin Makon Zinare, masana'antu na iya dakatar da aiki na tsawon makonni ɗaya zuwa biyu, wanda zai iya dakatar da kwanakin jigilar kaya da kuma yin tasiri ga shirye-shiryen jigilar kayayyaki zuwa Portugal a watan Nuwamba da Disamba, wanda shine lokacin da masu shigo da abinci ke buƙatar isasshen sarkar sarkar don lokacin siyayya na Kirsimeti.
A Portugal, watan Yuli shine watan da ya fi aiki a fannin share kwastam a Lisbon saboda akwai ƙarin shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen waje. A wannan lokacin, jinkiri yana iya faruwa idan takardun sun ɓace ko ba su dace ba. Masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ke buƙatar isa a watan Yuli ya kamata su tabbatar da cewa duk takardunsu sun yi daidai da lokaci. A cikin kwata na huɗu (Oktoba zuwa Disamba), ƙarfin masu yin reef mai tsawon ƙafa 40 shi ma yana ƙaruwa sosai. Dangane da bayanan kasuwa daga 2025, farashin zai iya ƙaruwa da kashi 26% na wata-wata zuwa Nuwamba. A wannan lokacin, farashin LCL yana da ƙarfi sosai, wanda ke sa kwantena masu reef ɗin da aka raba su zama zaɓi mai kyau don ƙananan girma a lokacin kololuwar.
Yadda Jirgin Ruwa na Topway ke Taimakawa Sarkar Sanyi a Hanyar China-Portugal
Jirgin Sama, based in Shenzhen, China, has been a competent provider of cross-border logistics solutions since 2010. The company’s founding team has more than 15 years of experience in international logistics and customs clearance. Topway Shipping started out in China and the US. The company’s full-chain logistics competence goes beyond only transportation. It covers significant worldwide commerce routes, like China to European destinations like Portugal.
Tsarin sabis na Topway Shipping ya ƙunshi cikakken tsarin jigilar kayayyaki: jigilar kaya daga masana'anta ko rumbun ajiya a China zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta tashi, ajiyar kaya a ƙasashen waje a inda za a je, tallafin kwastam, da kuma isar da kaya ta mil na ƙarshe. Wannan mafita mai inganci yana sauƙaƙa wa masu jigilar kaya a kan hanyar China-Portugal su yi aiki tare da mai jigilar kaya na China, mai jigilar kaya a teku, dillalin kwastam na Portugal, da kuma kamfanin jigilar kaya mai sanyi na mil na ƙarshe. Hakanan ya ɗora dukkan alhakin ga mai samar da kaya ɗaya.
Kamfanin yana ba da ayyukan jigilar kaya na gaba ɗaya (FCL) da na ƙasa da kwantena (LCL) daga China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a faɗin duniya, ciki har da Lisbon da Sines a Portugal. Ayyukan jigilar kaya na LCL suna da amfani musamman ga ƙananan kamfanoni da matsakaitan kamfanoni waɗanda ba su da isassun kayayyaki don cike kwantenan jigilar kaya gaba ɗaya amma har yanzu suna buƙatar aika su ta hanyar da za ta sa su kasance a yanayin zafi da ya dace. Ƙananan masu jigilar kaya za su iya samun ƙarfin sarkar sanyi bisa ga kowace kwantenan maimakon jira har sai sun sami isassun kayayyaki don cike kwantenan gaba ɗaya. Ta wannan hanyar, ba sa rasa damar kasuwa.
Wata muhimmiyar fa'ida ga masu shigo da kaya da ke hidimar kasuwar Portugal da kuma babbar kasuwar Iberian ita ce ikon Topway Shipping na adana kayayyaki a wasu ƙasashe. Masu shigo da kaya za su iya riƙe hannun jari a ma'ajiyar kayan da Topway ke gudanarwa kusa da masu siyan su kuma su cika oda daga wannan hannun jari maimakon aika kowane oda kai tsaye daga China zuwa adireshin abokin ciniki na ƙarshe. Wannan saboda jigilar kowane oda kai tsaye daga China zuwa adireshin abokin ciniki na ƙarshe yana da tsada a fannin dabaru kuma yana da jinkiri ga kasuwancin e-commerce. Ya zuwa shekarar 2025, kasuwancin e-commerce a Portugal yana ƙaruwa da kusan kashi 24% a shekara. Wannan dabarar cika ajiya-da-abubuwa ta koma daga zama ƙari na zaɓi zuwa hanyar kasuwanci ta al'ada ga masu shigo da kaya masu yawa.
Ƙungiyar kwastam ta Topway Shipping tana aiki tare da cibiyoyin dillalai masu lasisi da abokan hulɗar jigilar kaya a Portugal don tabbatar da cewa takardu daidai ne kuma haɗarin riƙewa a kan iyaka ya yi ƙasa da yadda zai yiwu ga masu jigilar kaya waɗanda ke da takamaiman buƙatun sarkar sanyi, kamar ma'aunin zafin jiki da aka ƙayyade, takaddun da suka dace da GDP, ci gaba da sa ido, ko lokacin duba BIP mai daidaitawa a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Portugal.
Rarraba Kuɗi: Abin da Za a Kasafin Kuɗinsa
Lokacin fitar da kayayyakin sarkar sanyi daga China zuwa Portugal, akwai kayayyaki da yawa fiye da lokacin jigilar kaya na yau da kullun. Masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ke duba farashin jigilar kaya na teku kawai galibi suna mamakin jimlar farashin saukar jiragen sama. Ga taƙaitaccen bayani game da manyan kuɗaɗen da kuke buƙatar tunani a kai lokacin shirya jigilar kaya na sarkar sanyi a wannan hanyar.
| Bangaren Kuɗi | Hankula Range | Notes |
| Jirgin ruwa na teku (duba FCL 40′) | USD 3,400 - 4,800 | Hanyar Suez, Kudancin China zuwa Lisbon/Sines |
| Karin kuɗin da aka sake biya idan aka kwatanta da na busasshiyar farashi | USD 500 - 1,200 | Ya bambanta ta mai ɗauka da kakar |
| Sa ido kan sake duba bayanai / rajistar bayanai | USD 100 - 300 kowace ganga | Sabis na firikwensin mai ɗaukar kaya ko na ɓangare na uku |
| Cajin asali (THC, docs) | USD 200 - 400 | A tashar jiragen ruwa ta China da ake lodi |
| Inda za a je THC (Lisbon/Sines) | USD 250 - 450 | A tashar jiragen ruwa ta Portugal |
| Customs brokerage fee (Portugal) | EUR 150 – 400 | Ya bambanta da sarkakiyar jigilar kaya |
| Binciken BIP (kayayyakin dabbobi) | EUR 100 – 300 | Kuɗin gwamnati a Ofishin Duba Kan Iyakoki |
| Harajin shigo da kaya daga Tarayyar Turai (kayayyakin abinci) | 8% - 20% na darajar CIF | Ya dogara da lambar HS da nau'in samfur |
| VAT ta Portuguese | Kashi 23% na darajar ƙasa | Ya shafi duk shigo da kaya na kasuwanci |
| Motocin ɗaukar kaya masu sanyaya na mil na ƙarshe | EUR 200 – 600 | Tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa ma'ajiyar kaya ko adireshin isarwa na ƙarshe |
Air freight will take the place of ocean freight as the main cost driver for pharmaceutical shipments, and GDP paperwork and validation fees will add another layer. Experienced cold chain managers also make sure to include budgeting for temperature excursion risk in their plans. This can be done through cargo insurance or by making smart choices about how to package things.
Nasihu Masu Amfani Don Samun Daidai
Wani mummunan lamari ba yawanci shine tushen lalacewar sarkar sanyi a kan hanyoyin dogayen jiragen sama kamar China zuwa Portugal ba. Sau da yawa, suna faruwa ne saboda ƙananan kurakuran tsare-tsare, kamar sanya yanayin zafi na reef ɗin yayi yawa ko ƙasa da kaya, takardu da ke haifar da dakatarwar BIP, ko yin ajiyar wurin reefer a ƙarshen kakar wasa. Shawarwari masu amfani masu zuwa sun shafi duk nau'ikan kayayyaki da hanyoyin sufuri.
Idan ka yi booking da na'urar jigilar kaya, koyaushe ka rubuta yanayin zafin da kake buƙata. Kafin a ɗora kwantenan, ka tabbata mai ɗaukar kaya ya saita na'urar sake yin booking zuwa wannan kewayon. Idan kayanka yana buƙatar kasancewa tsakanin 2°C da 8°C kuma an saita reef ɗin zuwa -18°C, wannan ba ƙaramin kuskure ba ne; asarar kaya ce gaba ɗaya. Kafin kwantenan ya bar tashar jirgin ruwa, a sami tabbacin rubutaccen yanayin zafin reef ɗin.
Ko da kamfanin sadarwarka yana ba da damar sa ido, ya kamata ka sayi mai rikodin bayanai na zafin jiki mai zaman kansa. Za ka iya ajiye bayananka ba tare da katsewa ba a cikin akwati tare da mai rikodin bayanai na ɓangare na uku. Wannan bayanin yana ƙarƙashin ikonka, ba na mai ɗaukar bayanai ba, kuma zai fi sauƙi a kare shi da hukumomin kula da EU ko masu ba da inshora idan kana buƙatar yin da'awa.
Nemo dillalin kwastam wanda ya san abubuwa da yawa game da kawo abinci ko magunguna zuwa Portugal. Dillalan gama gari suna da kyau ga kaya na yau da kullun, amma jigilar kayayyaki masu sanyi waɗanda ke buƙatar duba BIP, takaddun HACCP, ko sarrafa magunguna bisa ga GDP suna buƙatar mutanen da ke da ilimi na musamman. Idan dillali ya yi kuskure a kan takaddun jigilar kaya na sake amfani da su, kayanku masu lalacewa za su makale a BIP na Lisbon yayin da ake gyara takardun. Wannan jinkirin yana kashe ku kuɗi don lalacewa.
Kafin ka buƙaci su, ka tabbata tsarin shigo da kaya ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi don mayar da martani ga balaguron zafin jiki. Idan jigilar kaya ta zo da bambancin zafin jiki, ya kamata ka san tun da wuri wanda zai iya tuntuɓarka, waɗanne bayanai za ka ajiye, da kuma abin da inshorar inshorar ka ta ƙunsa. Idan sarkar sanyi ta gaza kuma babu wani shiri a wurin, sakamakon zai fi tsanani ga kaya da kuma yadda kamfanin zai fuskanci ƙa'idodi fiye da idan an rubuta su kuma an yi aiki da su.
Kammalawa
Tsakanin China da Portugal, jigilar kayayyaki ta hanyar sanyi hanya ce mai kyau amma kuma mai ƙalubale a fannin fasaha. Kwantena masu amfani da ruwa a teku ta hanyar Suez har yanzu ita ce hanya mafi kyau ta jigilar kayayyaki mafi yawan kayayyaki masu saurin kamuwa da zafi. Suna ba da mafi kyawun daidaito na farashi da iyawa don jigilar kayayyaki masu yawa na abinci, magunguna, da sauran kayayyaki masu sanyi ko daskararre. Jigilar jiragen sama har yanzu tana da matukar muhimmanci ga sarƙoƙin sanyi na magunguna waɗanda ke buƙatar yin abubuwa da sauri, inda lokacin da ake ɗauka don isa can shine mafi mahimmanci. Jigilar jiragen ƙasa zaɓi ne mai dacewa ga kayayyaki masu tsada, masu saurin lokaci waɗanda ba za su iya jira kwana 35 ta teku ba amma ba za su iya biyan kuɗin iska ba.
Ga duk wani shigo da kaya zuwa Portugal wanda ke da saurin kamuwa da zafi, dokokin EU kan tsaron abinci (HACCP, EC 852/2004) da rarraba magunguna (GDP) ba za a yi muhawara a kansu ba. Manyan ginshiƙai guda uku na aiki sun bambanta shigo da kayayyaki masu santsi daga manyan kaya masu tsada da ciwon kai: takaddun takardu masu kyau, sa ido akai-akai kan zafin jiki, da kuma kasancewa a shirye don duba kan iyakoki.
Idan kasuwancinku yana jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Portugal kuma yana buƙatar abokin hulɗa na jigilar kaya wanda zai iya sarrafa komai tun daga matakin farko na sufuri a China zuwa izinin kwastam da isar da kaya na ƙarshe a Portugal, tsarin jigilar kaya na Topway Shipping hanya ce mai tsari don gujewa yin aiki tare da masu siyarwa daban-daban. Kamfanin ya kasance tun daga shekarar 2010 kuma yana zaune a Shenzhen. Yana da ilimin aiki da kuma ilimin kwastam wanda masu jigilar kaya a wannan hanyar ke buƙata.
Hanyar ciniki tsakanin China da Portugal za ta sami ingantattun ababen more rayuwa, ƙa'idoji masu tsauri, da kuma hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki waɗanda ke ƙara haɗewa ta intanet yayin da masana'antar sarkar sanyi ta duniya ke bunƙasa cikin sauri har zuwa 2026 da bayan haka. Zaɓin yanayin da ya dace, adana ingantattun bayanai, sa ido, da kuma zaɓar abokan hulɗa da suka dace duk muhimman sassa ne na sarkar sanyi da kuke buƙatar samu a yau. Yayin da tsarin ke ƙara rikitarwa, waɗannan abubuwa za su ƙara zama mahimmanci.
FAQs
T: Waɗanne irin zafin jiki ne kwantena masu yin ruwan teku za su iya ci gaba da kasancewa a kan hanyar teku ta China-Portugal?
A: Kwantena na reef na yau da kullun a wannan hanyar na iya ajiye abubuwa a yanayin zafi tsakanin -30°C ga kayan da suka daskare (kamar ice cream ko abincin teku da aka daskare) da kuma +15°C ga kayan sanyi (kamar 'ya'yan itace sabo ko wasu kayan magani). Kwantena na reef na zamani akan manyan masu ɗaukar kaya waɗanda ke aiki a wannan hanyar za su iya jure yanayin sarkar sanyi na magunguna mafi sauƙi daga +2°C zuwa +8°C.
T: Shin ina buƙatar takardar shaida ta musamman don shigo da kayayyakin abinci na sarkar sanyi daga China zuwa Portugal?
A: Eh. Dole ne Babban Hukumar Kwastam ta China (GACC) ta bayar da takardar shaidar lafiya ga kayayyakin dabbobi (nama, kifi, kiwo) ta hanyar da hukumomin EU suka amince da ita. Ana buƙatar takardar shaidar lafiyar jiki don abinci mai kyau. Duk abincin da ya shigo Tarayyar Turai dole ne ya cika ƙa'idodin tsabtar HACCP na Tarayyar Turai, kuma dole ne a duba jigilar kayayyakin dabbobi a Ofishin Binciken Iyakokin Portugal (BIP). Ana ba da shawarar yin aiki tare da dillalin kwastam wanda ke da ƙwarewa wajen shigo da abinci daga Tarayyar Turai.
T: Har yaushe jigilar kayayyaki daga China zuwa Portugal ke ɗaukar tsawon lokaci?
A: Hanyar mashigar ruwa ta Suez ita ce hanya mafi yawan jama'a daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Kudancin China kamar Yantian ko Shanghai zuwa Lisbon ko Sines. Yawanci tana ɗaukar kwanaki 28 zuwa 35. Yi shirin ɗaukar jimillar lokacin zagayowar kimanin kwanaki 35 zuwa 40 daga samarwa zuwa rumbun adana kaya da aka kawo a Portugal. Wannan ya haɗa da kwanaki 3 zuwa 5 don takardu, sarrafa tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da kuma duba BIP lokacin da kayan suka iso.
T: Shin jigilar kayayyaki ta LCL daga China zuwa Portugal yana samuwa?
A: Eh, jigilar kaya ta LCL mai sake yin amfani da shi yana yiwuwa, amma yana buƙatar shiri sosai kuma ya fi kyau ga kaya masu sanyi fiye da kayan da suka daskare sosai. Tun daga farkon 2026, farashin sake yin amfani da LCL mai sake yin amfani da shi yana tsakanin $90 zuwa $150 a kowace CBM. Ana samun ayyukan jigilar kaya ta LCL daga China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa daga kamfanoni kamar Topway Shipping. Wannan kyakkyawan zaɓi ne ga ƙananan masu jigilar kaya waɗanda ba za su iya cike cikakken kwantenan sake yin amfani da shi ba.
T: Me zai faru idan aka gano balaguron zafin jiki yayin jigilar kaya?
A: Ajiye duk shaidu nan take, kamar bayanan yanayin zafi, takardun jigilar kaya, da hotunan yanayin kayan lokacin da suka iso. Faɗa wa mai jigilar kaya da inshorar kaya nan take. Don jigilar magunguna, duk wani tafiya a waje da iyakar da aka tabbatar yawanci yana buƙatar cikakken bincike na inganci, kuma ana iya killace ko lalata tarin. Shi ya sa yake da mahimmanci a sami mai rikodin bayanan zafin jiki mai zaman kansa da kuma shirin yadda za a mayar da martani kafin kayan su tafi.